寒假练习 4 情态动词 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册

人教版八年级英语（上）寒假练习（四） 情态动词 专题说明：本专题针对人教版八年级上册核心语法点“情态动词”进行系统训练，涵盖can/could, may/might, must, need, shall/should, will/would等常见情态动词的基本含义、表推测、表请求许可、表必要性等用法。题目编制严格遵循课标要求，无超纲内容，按照“基础→应用→综合”的认知梯度设计，旨在通过分层练习帮助学生掌握情态动词在不同语境中的准确运用。 一、单项选择（共10小题，每小题2分，计20分） 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，考查对情态动词基本含义的识别和简单语境判断。 1. — ______ I use your dictionary? I left mine at home. — Sure, here you are. A. Must   B. Need   C. Could   D. Should 2. Students ______ wear school uniforms on weekdays according to the school rules. A. can   B. may   C. must   D. could 3. — Who is the boy over there? Is it John? — No, it ______ be John. John is much taller. A. mustn't   B. can't   C. needn't   D. won't 4. You ______ finish your homework before you watch TV. That's the rule. A. can   B. may   C. have to   D. could 5. — Must I clean the classroom now? — No, you ______. You can do it after school. A. mustn't   B. needn't   C. can't   D. shouldn't 6. The light is on. Mr. Zhang ______ be in his office. Let's go and check. A. can   B. may   C. must   D. will 7. — ______ you play the guitar when you were ten? — Yes, and I still can now. A. Can   B. Could   C. May   D. Must 8. It's raining heavily. You ______ stay here until the rain stops. A. had better   B. would rather   C. might   D. could 9. — May I go to the movies with my friends tonight, Mom? — Yes, you ______. But you must be back by 9 p.m. A. may   B. must   C. need   D. will 10. You ______ be careful when you cross the street. It's dangerous. A. can   B. may   C. should   D. would 二、用适当的情态动词填空（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分） 根据句意，从方框中选择一个恰当的情态动词填空，注意使用其正确形式。 can, could, may, must, need, should, had better 11. — ______ you help me with this heavy box? — Of course. 12. It's very cold outside. You ______ put on your coat. 13. — ______ I borrow your pen? — Sorry, I'm using it now. 14. We ______ keep our classroom clean and tidy. 15. He ______ swim across the river when he was young. 三、完形填空（共10小题，每小题2分，计20分） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文选择恰当的情态动词，考查在连贯语境中的综合运用能力。 As a student, you 16 often hear about rules. Some rules seem strict, but they are usually for our good. For example, we 17 be quiet in the library. Why? Because if we talk loudly, others 18 concentrate on their books. We 19 also eat or drink there. Food 20 attract insects and damage the books. Another rule is that we 21 hand in our homework on time. This helps us learn to be responsible. Of course, if you are really sick, you 22 worry about it. You 23 just tell your teacher and hand it in later. Some students ask, “24 we have so many rules?” I think rules are like road signs. They tell us what we 25 or 25 not do to keep everything in order. They help us and protect us. 16. A. can   B. must   C. need   D. should 17. A. can   B. must   C. may   D. might 18. A. can't   B. mustn't   C. needn't   D. shouldn't 19. A. can't   B. mustn't   C. needn't   D. shouldn't 20. A. can   B. must   C. should   D. would 21. A. can   B. may   C. must   D. could 22. A. can't   B. mustn't   C. needn't   D. shouldn't 23. A. can   B. must   C. need   D. should 24. A. Must   B. Need   C. Should   D. Can 25. A. can; can   B. must; must   C. should; shouldn't   D. may; may not 四、句型转换（共5小题，每小题4分，计20分） 根据要求改写句子，每空限填一词，考查对情态动词不同用法的理解和转换能力。 26. It is necessary for you to arrive at school on time. (改为同义句) You ______ ______ arrive at school on time. 27. Perhaps he is in the library now. (改为同义句，用情态动词表推测) He ______ ______ in the library now. 28. You are not allowed to smoke here. (改为同义句，用情态动词) You ______ ______ here. 29. It's not necessary for her to come so early. (改为同义句) She ______ ______ come so early. 30. I'm sure that is Mr. Li. He always wears a black coat. (改为同义句，用情态动词表确信) That ______ ______ Mr. Li. He always wears a black coat. 五、阅读理解（共5小题，每小题3分，计15分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案，考查在真实语境中理解情态动词含义和进行逻辑判断的能力。 School Safety Rules To make sure all students are safe at school, we have some important rules. Every student must follow them. On the playground: You may run and play, but you must not push or fight with others. You should wear sports shoes to protect your feet. In the science lab: You must listen to the teacher carefully. You cannot touch anything before the teacher tells you to. If you are not sure what to do, you should ask the teacher immediately. During fire drills (消防演习): When you hear the alarm, you must stop what you are doing and leave the building quickly. You should not go back for your things. You must line up quietly and follow your teacher to the safe area. On the school bus: You must stay in your seat when the bus is moving. You may talk quietly, but you must not shout. You should not eat or drink on the bus. These rules might seem strict, but they are here to keep you safe. Remember, safety comes first! 31. What should you wear on the playground according to the rules? A. Sports shoes. B. Beautiful clothes. C. A school uniform. D. Anything you like. 32. What must you do in the science lab before touching things? A. Ask your classmates. B. Read the instructions. C. Wait for the teacher's permission. D. Just be careful. 33. During a fire drill, what should you do? A. Take your schoolbag with you. B. Run as fast as you can alone. C. Follow your teacher quietly. D. Go to the playground and play. 34. Which of the following is allowed on the school bus? A. Eating an apple. B. Shouting to your friend. C. Talking quietly. D. Running in the bus. 35. Why does the school make these rules? A. To make students feel bored. B. To punish students. C. To keep students safe. D. To make teachers' work easier. 六、书面表达（共1题，计15分） 请根据提示，运用本专题所学的表示建议、规则的情态动词，写一篇短文。 提示：你的朋友Peter经常玩电脑游戏到很晚，导致白天上课无法集中注意力，成绩下降。请你给他写一封电子邮件，针对他的问题提出至少三条建议，并说明理由。 要求：1. 至少使用3个不同的情态动词（如should, must, can, had better等）；2. 建议合理，理由充分；3. 词数60-80。 Dear Peter, I'm sorry to hear that you are not doing well in your studies recently. I think playing too many computer games might be the reason. Here is my advice for you. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ I hope my advice will help you. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案与解析 一、单项选择 1-5: CCBCB   6-10: CBAAC 解析： 1. C。表示礼貌的请求，用Could。Must意为“必须”，Need意为“需要”，Should意为“应该”，均不符合礼貌请求的语境。 2. C。根据“according to the school rules”可知是学校规定，必须穿校服，表示强制，用must。 3. B。根据“John is much taller”可知，那不可能是John，表示否定的推测，用can't。 4. C。根据“That's the rule”可知是规则要求，必须做，用have to（客观必须）。must强调主观必须，此处用have to更合适。 5. B。以Must提问的否定回答用needn't（不必）或don't have to。mustn't表示禁止。 6. C。根据“The light is on”这一迹象进行肯定的推测，把握较大，用must be。 7. B。询问过去（十岁时）的能力，用Could。 8. A。根据“It's raining heavily”给出建议，“最好”待在这里，用had better。 9. A。以May提问的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, you may. 或 Yes, you can. 但通常用may来对应提问的may。 10. C。过马路要小心，这是建议或劝告，用should。 二、用适当的情态动词填空 11. Can/Could   12. should/had better   13. May/Could   14. should/must   15. could 解析： 11. 请求帮助，可以用Can或Could，表示“你能帮我吗？”。 12. 外面冷，建议或劝告穿上外套，用should或had better。 13. 请求借东西，用May或Could，表示“我可以...吗？”。 14. 保持教室整洁是我们应该做的，表示义务或建议，用should或must。 15. 描述他年轻时的能力，用could。 三、完形填空 16. B   17. B   18. A   19. B   20. A   21. C   22. C   23. A   24. A   25. C 解析： 16. B。作为学生，你“必定”经常听说规则。must可以表示“必定会，一定会”的推断。 17. B。在图书馆“必须”保持安静，这是规定，用must。 18. A。如果我们大声说话，别人“不能”集中注意力，表示能力上的不能，用can't。 19. B。我们“禁止”在那里吃喝，表示禁止，用mustn't。 20. A。食物“可能会”招引昆虫，表示可能性，用can。 21. C。我们“必须”按时交作业，表示规定或义务，用must。 22. C。如果你真的生病了，你“不必”担心。表示没有必要，用needn't。 23. A。你“可以”直接告诉老师，表示允许，用can。 24. A。一些学生问：“我们‘必须’有这么多规则吗？”表示“必须，非得”，用Must。 25. C。规则告诉我们什么“应该”做，什么“不应该”做，以保持秩序。用should和shouldn't。 四、句型转换 26. must / have to   27. may / might / could be   28. mustn't smoke   29. needn't / doesn't have to   30. must be 解析： 26. “It is necessary for you to...”意为“你有必要做...”，相当于“你必须/不得不做...”，用must或have to。 27. “Perhaps he is...”表示不太确定的推测，可用may/might/could be。 28. “不被允许做某事”相当于“禁止做某事”，用mustn't do。 29. “没有必要做某事”可用needn't do或don't have to do。 30. “I'm sure that is...”表示非常确定的推测，用must be。 五、阅读理解 31-35: ACCCC 解析： 31. A。细节题。由“On the playground”部分“You should wear sports shoes...”可知。 32. C。细节题。由“In the science lab”部分“You cannot touch anything before the teacher tells you to.”可知，必须等老师允许。 33. C。细节题。由“During fire drills”部分“You must line up quietly and follow your teacher...”可知。 34. C。细节题。由“On the school bus”部分“You may talk quietly, but you must not shout.”可知，允许轻声交谈。 35. C。主旨题。由文章首句“To make sure all students are safe at school...”及末段可知，制定规则是为了保证安全。 六、书面表达（参考范文与评分标准） 参考范文： Dear Peter, I'm sorry to hear that you are not doing well in your studies recently. I think playing too many computer games might be the reason. Here is my advice for you. First, you should set a time limit for playing games. For example, you can play for only one hour a day. Second, you must finish your homework before you play. Third, you had better do some outdoor activities instead of playing games all the time. They can make you healthier and help you relax. I hope my advice will help you. Yours, Li Hua 评分标准： 1. 内容完整，至少提出三条合理建议（5分）。 2. 正确使用至少3个不同的情态动词（每个2分，共6分）。 3. 语句通顺，逻辑连贯，词数达标（4分）。 2/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $