专题16 议论文说明文完形 - 信息链与逻辑关系梳理 （培优专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

专题16 议论文说明文完形 —— 信息链与逻辑关系梳理 情境突破练 压轴提速练 【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月月考】The shift from holiday relaxation to academic life often triggers “school-opening syndrome” (开学综合征), a temporary adjustment disorder affecting many students at term start. Unlike serious mental issues, it shows mild but 46 symptoms that fade in 2 — 3 weeks. Emotionally, students with this syndrome often feel anxious, irritable (易怒的), or helpless when 47 with upcoming academic demands. Some lose interest in once-loved school activities. Behaviorally, irregular holiday schedules cause 48 sleep cycles — many struggle to sleep or wake up on time, leading to morning class tardiness (上课迟到). When doing homework, they get distracted easily, 49 study efficiency sharply. Physically, headaches or loss of appetite are common, but medical checks find no 50 organic (器官的) causes. Three key factors contribute to this syndrome. First, the abrupt change from a 51 holiday (unstructured time, low pressure) to a strict school environment shocks students. Second, expecting tough courses or exams causes 52 stress, especially for high-expectation students. Third, interpersonal troubles — like transferring schools or classmate conflicts — intensify 53 and unease. Also, parental over-supervision (监督) or excessive focus on grades may 54 students’ resistance and anxiety. To ease this syndrome, joint efforts matter. Students should 55 daily routines 1 — 2 weeks early, such as advancing bedtime and reviewing basics. Parents should support rather than criticize, and talk openly with children. Teachers can 56 initial workload, focusing on review and ice-breaking activities. Schools may offer counseling for students with 57 symptoms. Moreover, learning time-management and setting realistic goals helps students regain 58 over studies. With consistent efforts, most students can 59 this transition (转变) smoothly and 60 their full potential. 46．A．persistent B．temporary C．severe D．invisible 47．A．compared B．faced C．combined D．filled 48．A．disturbed B．regular C．flexible D．stable 49．A．improving B．maintaining C．reducing D．measuring 50．A．obvious B．subtle C．complex D．common 51．A．disciplined B．confused C．structured D．relaxed 52．A．moderate B．overwhelming C．minimal D．occasional 53．A．belonging B．isolation C．excitement D．curiosity 54．A．ease B．relieve C．increase D．ignore 55．A．adjust B．abandon C．follow D．create 56．A．increase B．lighten C．complete D．assign 57．A．mild B．occasional C．continuing D．minor 58．A．control B．doubt C．anxiety D．confusion 59．A．go through B．look into C．break down D．put off 60．A．realize B．change C．discover D．limit 【2026届上海市静安区高三上学期一模】It’s long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills, the easier they are to 16 . That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be 17 to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community. Unfortunately, the idea has helped increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages, preventing the 18 of many potential polyglots (通晓多种语言者). As a constantly 19 and complex organ, the human brain retains significant potential for higher learning after puberty. Adults and children simply absorb and learn things differently. “Research shows that adults are better learners in many areas because we have a lot of 20 and we’re very attentive when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. “For most, it can take years to reach 21 in a foreign language.” According to The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons 22 the language learning process. The FSI also reports that languages more 23 to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. 24 languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. These estimates reflect a strict study model, involving several dedicated hours of practice spread across multiple days per week. It is 25 to expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone. “No one can learn, as an adult, a new language unless they love it and unless they make it part of their life,” says Ortega. “In theory, it’s a great thing, but you need to have reasons for it and the time to invest in it.” At the same time, while adults benefit from motivation and 26 efforts, children approach learning differently, and both age groups have unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to 27 new connections. Children tend to learn new languages more 28 , may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages, and may be forced to adapt without the aid of translation apps or other resources. Adults, meanwhile, can employ customized 29 to improve their language learning experience. 30 , they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques. Still, scientists are discovering that cognitive processes across different ages are far more complex than previously thought, suggesting that learning potential remains significant well beyond early childhood. 16．A．set off B．hold out C．pick up D．make for 17．A．accustomed B．exposed C．instructed D．imposed 18．A．emergence B．supervision C．guidance D．absence 19．A．restoring B．evolving C．adopting D．inferring 20．A．self-doubt B．self-esteem C．self-criticism D．self-regulation 21．A．mastery B．agreement C．coverage D．dimension 22．A．hint B．integrate C．affect D．speed 23．A．unique B．similar C．respective D．resistant 24．A．In essence B．By contrast C．In addition D．To some extent 25．A．invaluable B．conventional C．unrealistic D．distinctive 26．A．deliberate B．random C．joint D．ideal 27．A．masking B．grasping C．narrowing D．reforming 28．A．instinctively B．consciously C．mutually D．duly 29．A．formats B．gestures C．attainments D．strategies 30．A．As  a  whole B．For instance C．In conclusion D．By the way 建议用时：45min Close 1 【2026届广东省中山市第一中学高三第二次模拟预测】Most of us think of electricity only when something goes wrong. A storm 31 the power out, or there’s a short in the wiring, or the monthly bill is unexpectedly high. Normally, we switch on, the juice flows, and we think nothing of it. According to the International Energy Agency, rising overall demand for electricity is outstripping (超过) the world’s efforts to improve efficiency and boost renewables. The fact is, economic development will inevitably require greater 32 of electricity. It is increasingly clear that nuclear power plants must play an important role in this equation (制衡关系). Nuclear power is, in many ways, the most promising source of zero-carbon electricity. Unlike solar, wind and water power, electricity from nuclear plants is 33 . Generators keep running when the sun is not shining, the wind is not blowing and water levels are low. Nevertheless, the industry has an uncertain and dangerous 34 . Take the United States as an example. There are fewer commercial reactors (商用核反应堆) in 35 today in the country than there were a generation ago. This year could see three commercial reactors 36 . There are plans to shut down about 20 more over the coming years. The problem is a misunderstanding of 37 . Humans are constantly exposed to radiation — from the sun, from the universe, from the very ground we walk on. The alarming near-meltdown at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island plant in 1979 38 exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is one of a growing number of 39 who believe that cheaper, smaller reactors must play a significant part in the post-carbon energy mix. His company Terra Power has announced plans to build a next-generation nuclear reactor at the site of a former coal-fired power plant in Wyoming. The goal is to prove that nuclear power can be 40 to the grid (输电网) at a competitive price and on a reasonable timeline. I’m an optimistic supporter of renewable energy sources. I’m also a (n) 41 student of the various impediments (阻碍) to the growth of these sources. I agree with Gates that the surest path to net-zero carbon emissions is one that 42 every non-carbon energy source, including nuclear power. The model to have in mind is not the hulking plant like Chernobyl. Instead, let’s consider the small, reliable reactors that have 43 the United States’ submarines and aircraft carriers. In 50-plus years of cruising, they have had no 44 . Carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases are the environmental challenge of our age. Nuclear power is one tool for 45 ourselves of them — while keeping the lights on. 31．A．breaks B．knocks C．moves D．sends 32．A．costs B．benefit C．qualities D．supplies 33．A．affordable B．movable C．predictable D．variable 34．A．impact B．potential C．reputation D．tendency 35．A．operation B．demand C．charge D．preparation 36．A．rebuilt B．refunded C．restored D．retired 37．A．instructions B．policies C．risks D．tasks 38．A．ultimately B．exceedingly C．critically D．privately 39．A．employers B．investors C．operators D．researchers 40．A．added B．compared C．exposed D．returned 41．A．idealistic B．ignorant C．primitive D．realistic 42．A．monitors B．fascinates C．maximizes D．composes 43．A．assembled B．powered C．developed D．resembled 44．A．accident B．function C．improvement D．performance 45．A．accusing B．ridding C．reminding D．warning cloze 2 【上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试】The Moon meant a great deal to medieval (中世纪的) people around the world. It was believed to have an enormous impact on Earth, affecting the tides, the trees, animals and human minds and bodies. But it also had many symbolic associations, whether in the realms of love, 1 or religion—as I explore in my new book, The Medieval Moon: A History of Haunting and Blessing. In fact, I suggest we can talk about medieval moons in the plural, because the Moon was seen in such a wide variety of contexts and guises. The book travels across multiple regions and cultures to seek these medieval moons, 2 Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Indian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latin, Mayan, Norse, Persian, Polynesian and Welsh traditions, among others. In many ways, the Moon was like a riddle for medieval people. As a symbol, it did not have an easily decipherable (可解读的) meaning, which encouraged viewers to read it in playful ways. 3 , many Old English and Old Norse riddles appropriately have the 4 “Moon”. The Moon was also seen as place of travel and 5 . Japanese, Italian, English, German and Dutch sources all testify to stories of travel to and from the Moon, long before the age of 6 space travel. The Moon was also 7 in many kinds of prophetic activity. In the 8 of the period, sorcerers (巫师) and kings studied the Moon to find out about the future. The legendary sorcerer Merlin, for example, made prophecies involving the Moon in Geoffrey of Monmouth’s History of the Kings of Britain. The Moon was also a rich symbol in 9 contexts. In medieval Christian and Islamic sources, the Moon could 10 everything from the Islamic Prophet Muhammad to the Christian Church as an 11 . Despite this freight of negative meanings, the Moon was also 12 with love. Medieval Sufis- 13 known as Islamic mystics-wrote of “moon beauties”. For these poets, the moon beauty was not an earthly lover but the divine (天赐的, 神的)-Allah. As it shimmered for medieval audiences, the Moon 14 at deep emotions and complex thoughts, pervading people’s lives in moments of 15 and moments of tenderness. 1．A．illusion B．hatred C．illustration D．sympathy 2．A．taking in B．taking out C．taking over D．taking away 3．A．Nevertheless B．Namely C．Unfortunately D．Consequently 4．A．solution B．evolution C．revolution D．illusion 5．A．adventure B．torture C．route D．routine 6．A．fantastic B．real C．supposed D．rare 7．A．involved B．intended C．concerned D．cornered 8．A．society B．literature C．association D．realm 9．A．religious B．scientific C．academic D．rational 10．A．explain B．announce C．describe D．represent 11．A．institution B．family C．term D．crowd 12．A．dotted B．associated C．directed D．lined 13．A．commonly B．usually C．recently D．extremely 14．A．ignored B．grasped C．doubted D．insured 15．A．excitement B．impatience C．harshness D．existence Cloze 3 【天津市五区县重点校2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中】In August, Hilde Falun Strom and Sunniva Sorby began a nine-month Arctic expedition (考察), settling into a tiny hunting cabin (小木屋) on the high-Arctic Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard. The cabin is the only 31 within 140 kilometers. Polar bears 32 around and the winter temperatures can drop to around -30 ˚ C． The 33 are so severe that few polar scientists collect field data from the area during winter. That’s where Falun Strom and Sorby come in — 34 observations about wildlife and the environment that could help scientists 35 how rapid warming is changing Arctic ecosystems. Both women, known as the Bamsebu team, were inspired to 36 climate research after witnessing the effects of climate change in polar regions. They both have 37 in frozen environments. Sorby has worked as a historian and guide in Antarctica, while Falun Strom has spent time in trappers’ cabins across the Arctic. “It’s as if all of my years in Svalbard have 38 me for this overwintering,” Falun Strom says. But even for her, the Bamsebu experience is 39 . There is no running water, so they melt ice for water and chop wood to keep warm. Going outside 40 wearing many layers of clothing. “We snap constantly,” 41 foxes, reindeer and polar bears, Sorby said. Those photos may give insight into how animals in the region are 42 warmer weather. In November, they 43 a polar bear that had recently hunted a reindeer. That was 44 , because polar bears normally eat seals. Scientists suspect bears may be forced to 45 their eating habits because warmer ocean currents are drastically (彻底地) shrinking sea ice where bears 46 seals. The Bamsebu team are also 47 phytoplankton (浮游生物) samples for the FjordPhyto citizen science project, which 48 relies on tourist ships for sample collection. The samples from the Bamsebu team could 49 whether a similar 50 is occurring in the northern regions. 31．A．yard B．shelter C．building D．campsite 32．A．wander B．travel C．run D．search 33．A．issues B．conditions C．experiments D．activities 34．A．imagining B．interpreting C．gathering D．guaranteeing 35．A．consult B．preserve C．acknowledge D．understand 36．A．support B．fund C．deliver D．found 37．A．faith B．training C．experience D．progress 38．A．introduced B．prepared C．invited D．chosen 39．A．fantastic B．tough C．boring D．beneficial 40．A．suggests B．includes C．allows D．requires 41．A．guarding B．watching C．hunting D．photographing 42．A．adapting to B．getting over C．depending on D．contributing to 43．A．caught B．encountered C．helped D．attacked 44．A．practical B．natural C．odd D．ordinary 45．A．select B．evaluate C．maintain D．change 46．A．discover B．gather C．follow D．hunt 47．A．collecting B．ordering C．reporting D．studying 48．A．typically B．suddenly C．gracefully D．curiously 49．A．get rid of B．throw light on C．make up for D．give way to 50．A．increase B．contrast C．shift D．balance 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 9 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题16 议论文说明文完形 —— 信息链与逻辑关系梳理 情境突破练 压轴提速练 【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月月考】The shift from holiday relaxation to academic life often triggers “school-opening syndrome” (开学综合征), a temporary adjustment disorder affecting many students at term start. Unlike serious mental issues, it shows mild but 46 symptoms that fade in 2 — 3 weeks. Emotionally, students with this syndrome often feel anxious, irritable (易怒的), or helpless when 47 with upcoming academic demands. Some lose interest in once-loved school activities. Behaviorally, irregular holiday schedules cause 48 sleep cycles — many struggle to sleep or wake up on time, leading to morning class tardiness (上课迟到). When doing homework, they get distracted easily, 49 study efficiency sharply. Physically, headaches or loss of appetite are common, but medical checks find no 50 organic (器官的) causes. Three key factors contribute to this syndrome. First, the abrupt change from a 51 holiday (unstructured time, low pressure) to a strict school environment shocks students. Second, expecting tough courses or exams causes 52 stress, especially for high-expectation students. Third, interpersonal troubles — like transferring schools or classmate conflicts — intensify 53 and unease. Also, parental over-supervision (监督) or excessive focus on grades may 54 students’ resistance and anxiety. To ease this syndrome, joint efforts matter. Students should 55 daily routines 1 — 2 weeks early, such as advancing bedtime and reviewing basics. Parents should support rather than criticize, and talk openly with children. Teachers can 56 initial workload, focusing on review and ice-breaking activities. Schools may offer counseling for students with 57 symptoms. Moreover, learning time-management and setting realistic goals helps students regain 58 over studies. With consistent efforts, most students can 59 this transition (转变) smoothly and 60 their full potential. 46．A．persistent B．temporary C．severe D．invisible 47．A．compared B．faced C．combined D．filled 48．A．disturbed B．regular C．flexible D．stable 49．A．improving B．maintaining C．reducing D．measuring 50．A．obvious B．subtle C．complex D．common 51．A．disciplined B．confused C．structured D．relaxed 52．A．moderate B．overwhelming C．minimal D．occasional 53．A．belonging B．isolation C．excitement D．curiosity 54．A．ease B．relieve C．increase D．ignore 55．A．adjust B．abandon C．follow D．create 56．A．increase B．lighten C．complete D．assign 57．A．mild B．occasional C．continuing D．minor 58．A．control B．doubt C．anxiety D．confusion 59．A．go through B．look into C．break down D．put off 60．A．realize B．change C．discover D．limit 【答案】 46．A 47．B 48．A 49．C 50．A 51．D 52．B 53．B 54．C 55．A 56．B 57．C 58．A 59．A 60．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“开学综合症”的各种表现、形成原因以及具体的应对策略。 46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与严重的精神问题不同，它表现出轻微但持续的症状，并在2到3周内消退。A. persistent持续的；B. temporary临时的；C. severe严重的；D. invisible不可见的。根据上文“mild”和下文“symptoms that fade in 2 — 3 weeks”可知，开学综合征的症状是轻微的，会在2到3周内消退，因此是指症状会持续。故选A。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在情感上，当面对即将到来的学业要求时，患有这种综合症的学生经常感到焦虑、易怒或无助。A. compared比较；B. faced面对；C. combined结合；D. filled充满。根据下文“with upcoming academic demands”可知，学生会有这些情绪反应是因为要面对即将到来的学业要求。故选B。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从行为上讲，不规律的假期安排会扰乱睡眠周期——许多人很难按时睡觉或起床，导致早上上课迟到。A. disturbed被扰乱的；B. regular规律的；C. flexible灵活的；D. stable稳定的。根据下文“many struggle to sleep or wake up on time, leading to morning class tardiness (上课迟到)”可知，很多学生很难按时睡觉或起床，导致早上上课迟到，因此是指睡眠周期被扰乱。故选A。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在做作业时，他们很容易分心，大大降低了学习效率。A. improving改进；B. maintaining维持；C. reducing减少；D. measuring测量。根据上文“When doing homework, they get distracted easily”可知，做作业时很容易分心会降低学习效率。故选C。 50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：身体上，头痛或食欲不振是常见的，但医学检查没有发现明显的器质性原因。A. obvious明显的；B. subtle微妙的；C. complex复杂的；D. common常见的。根据上文“Physically, headaches or loss of appetite are common”和表示转折的“but”可知，虽然患有开学综合征的学生往往会头痛或食欲不振，但医学检查不会发现明显的器质性原因。故选A。 51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，从轻松的假期（时间不固定，压力小）到严格的学校环境的突然变化让学生感到震惊。A. disciplined自律的；B. confused困惑的；C. structured结构化的；D. relaxed放松的。根据下文“unstructured time, low pressure”可知，假期里各种活动的时间不固定，压力小，因此是轻松的。故选D。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二，对困难课程或考试的期待会导致巨大的压力，尤其是对期望很高的学生。A. moderate适度的；B. overwhelming巨大的；C. minimal最小的；D. occasional偶尔的。根据上文“expecting tough courses or exams”可知，对困难课程或考试的期待会导致巨大的压力。故选B。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第三，人际问题——如转学或同学冲突——加剧了孤立和不安。A. belonging归属感；B. isolation孤立；C. excitement兴奋；D. curiosity好奇。根据上文“interpersonal troubles — like transferring schools or classmate conflicts”可知，转学或同学冲突这类人际问题会加剧孤立和不安。故选B。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，父母的过度监督或过分关注成绩可能会增加学生的抗拒和焦虑。A. ease缓解；B. relieve减轻；C. increase增加；D. ignore忽略。根据上文“parental over-supervision (监督) or excessive focus on grades”可知，父母的过度监督或过分关注成绩会增加学生的抗拒和焦虑。故选C。 思路点拨：“parental over-supervision（父母的过度监督）”是原因，会导致学生的“抵抗和焦虑”情绪“增加”，是因果关系。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生应提前1到2周调整日常作息，如提前就寝时间、复习基础知识等。A. adjust调整；B. abandon放弃；C. follow跟随；D. create创造。根据下文“such as advancing bedtime and reviewing basics”可知，提前就寝时间、复习基础知识等属于调整日常作息的做法。故选A。 56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教师可以减轻最初的学习量，专注于复习和打破僵局的活动。A. increase增加；B. lighten减轻；C. complete完成；D. assign分配。根据下文“focusing on review and ice-breaking activities”可知，专注于复习和打破僵局的活动意味着减轻最初的学习量。故选B。 思路点拨： 56. 文章采用经典的“提出问题（症状）→ 分析原因（因素）→ 解决问题（对策）”的说明文结构。此处位于“对策”部分，是给出的第一条具体建议。 57. 同上，位于“对策”部分，且是针对“教师”这一特定对象提出的具体建议，体现了文章结构的多角度和层次性。57．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学校可能会为有持续症状的学生提供咨询。A. mild温和的；B. occasional偶尔的；C. continuing持续的；D. minor次要的。根据上文“Schools may offer counseling for students”可知，有咨询需求的学生应该是有持续症状。故选C。 58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，学习时间管理和设定现实的目标有助于学生重新掌控学习。A. control控制；B. doubt怀疑；C. anxiety焦虑；D. confusion困惑。根据上文“learning time-management and setting realistic goals”可知，学习时间管理和设定现实的目标能帮助学生重新掌控学习，短语regain control over意为“维持对……的掌控”。故选A。 59．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过持续的努力，大多数学生都能顺利度过这一转变，并充分发挥他们的潜力。A. go through通过；B. look into调查；C. break down使倒塌或破碎；D. put off推迟。根据上文“With consistent efforts”可知，持续的努力可以帮助大多数学生顺利度过从假期到开学的转变。故选A。 60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过持续的努力，大多数学生都能顺利度过这一转变，并充分发挥他们的潜力。A. realize实现；B. change改变；C. discover发现；D. limit限制。根据上文“With consistent efforts”可知，持续的努力可以让大多数学生免受开学综合征的困扰，从而充分发挥潜力，短语realize one’s potential意为“发挥某人的潜力”。故选A。 思路点拨：文章在结尾提出积极应对后的美好期望，即学生能“实现”他们的全部潜力，体现了文章的积极导向和最终观点。 【2026届上海市静安区高三上学期一模】It’s long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills, the easier they are to 16 . That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be 17 to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community. Unfortunately, the idea has helped increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages, preventing the 18 of many potential polyglots (通晓多种语言者). As a constantly 19 and complex organ, the human brain retains significant potential for higher learning after puberty. Adults and children simply absorb and learn things differently. “Research shows that adults are better learners in many areas because we have a lot of 20 and we’re very attentive when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. “For most, it can take years to reach 21 in a foreign language.” According to The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons 22 the language learning process. The FSI also reports that languages more 23 to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. 24 languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. These estimates reflect a strict study model, involving several dedicated hours of practice spread across multiple days per week. It is 25 to expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone. “No one can learn, as an adult, a new language unless they love it and unless they make it part of their life,” says Ortega. “In theory, it’s a great thing, but you need to have reasons for it and the time to invest in it.” At the same time, while adults benefit from motivation and 26 efforts, children approach learning differently, and both age groups have unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to 27 new connections. Children tend to learn new languages more 28 , may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages, and may be forced to adapt without the aid of translation apps or other resources. Adults, meanwhile, can employ customized 29 to improve their language learning experience. 30 , they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques. Still, scientists are discovering that cognitive processes across different ages are far more complex than previously thought, suggesting that learning potential remains significant well beyond early childhood. 16．A．set off B．hold out C．pick up D．make for 17．A．accustomed B．exposed C．instructed D．imposed 18．A．emergence B．supervision C．guidance D．absence 19．A．restoring B．evolving C．adopting D．inferring 20．A．self-doubt B．self-esteem C．self-criticism D．self-regulation 21．A．mastery B．agreement C．coverage D．dimension 22．A．hint B．integrate C．affect D．speed 23．A．unique B．similar C．respective D．resistant 24．A．In essence B．By contrast C．In addition D．To some extent 25．A．invaluable B．conventional C．unrealistic D．distinctive 26．A．deliberate B．random C．joint D．ideal 27．A．masking B．grasping C．narrowing D．reforming 28．A．instinctively B．consciously C．mutually D．duly 29．A．formats B．gestures C．attainments D．strategies 30．A．As  a  whole B．For instance C．In conclusion D．By the way 【答案】 16．C 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．D 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出早期学习语言的优势被过度强调，而成人学习语言也有其独特优势，受多种因素影响，不同年龄层学习语言各有特点，且认知过程复杂。 16．考查动词短语辨析。句意：长期以来，人们一直认为，学习新技能越早，就越容易掌握。A. set off出发；B. hold out坚持；C. pick up(不费力地)获得，学会；D. make for走向，导致。根据后文“That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be 2 to a second language.”可知，人们认为儿童时期是学习第二语言的最佳时期，而前文为这一观点提供了理论支撑，即学习新技能越早，就越容易掌握。故选C项。 思路点拨：后文提到学习第二语言，此处“学习”新技能与“be exposed to a second language”中的“学习”概念构成同义复现。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也是为什么儿童时期曾被认为是接触第二语言的最佳时期的部分原因。A. accustomed使习惯于；B. exposed使接触；C. instructed指导；D. imposed强加。根据后文“to a second language”以及常识可知，儿童时期是接触第二语言的最佳时期。故选B项。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这种想法增加了人们对年龄较大的人快速适应新语言能力的怀疑，阻碍了许多潜在的多语言者的出现。A. emergence出现；B. supervision监督；C. guidance指导；D. absence缺席。根据前文“increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages”可推知，这种想法让人们怀疑年龄较大的人适应新语言的能力，会让成年人对新语言学习望而却步，阻碍了潜在的多语言者的出现。故选A项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为不断进化的、复杂的器官，人类大脑在青春期后仍保留着进行高等学习的巨大潜力。A. restoring恢复；B. evolving进化，发展；C. adopting采用；D. inferring推断。根据常识和后文“and complex organ, the human brain”可知，人类大脑是不断进化、复杂的器官。故选B项。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：乔治敦大学语言学教授Lourdes Ortega说：“研究表明，成年人在许多领域都是更好的学习者，因为我们具备更强的自我调节能力，而且当我们想学习某样东西时，我们会非常专注。”A. self-doubt自我怀疑；B. self-esteem自尊；C. self-criticism自我批评；D. self-regulation自我调节。根据后文“we’re very attentive when we want to learn something”可知，成年人想学习时会非常专注，说明有更强的自我调节能力。故选D项。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对大多数人来说，要达到一门外语的精通程度可能需要数年时间。A. mastery精通，掌握；B. agreement协议；C. coverage覆盖范围；D. dimension方面。根据常识和前文“take years”可推知，需要数年时间才能达到对一门外语的精通程度。故选A项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：据美国外交服务学院(FSI)称，一个人的天赋、他们以前的语言经验以及课程的连贯性等因素都会影响语言学习进程。A. hint暗示；B. integrate整合；C. affect影响；D. speed加速。根据前文“factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons”和常识可知，一个人的天赋、语言经验和课程的连贯性都是影响语言学习进程的因素。故选C项。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：FSI还报告说，与自己语言更相似的语言，如西班牙语或法语，可以相对较快地学会——通常在24-30周左右。A. unique独特的；B. similar相似的；C. respective各自的；D. resistant抵抗的。根据后文“to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly”和“with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks.”可知，如果所学语言，比如西班牙语或法语，与英语相似，学起来会更快。故选B项。 24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，与英语有显著文化差异的语言，如希腊语或俄语，通常需要大约44周的时间。A. In essence本质上；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In addition此外；D. To some extent在某种程度上。前文“like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks.”与后文“languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks”把两种情况进行了对比。故选B项。 思路点拨：前句讲与英语相似的语言学得快（24-30周），本句讲文化差异大的语言需要更久（44周），前后形成对比关系。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：期望任何个人单独遵循如此苛刻的时间表是不现实的。A. invaluable无价的；B. conventional传统的；C. unrealistic不现实的；D. distinctive独特的。根据后文“expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone”和常识可知，让任何个人单独遵循苛刻的时间表是不现实的。故选C项。 思路点拨：前文描述了一个严格的学习模式，此处作者发表观点，认为独自一人坚持这种模式是“不现实的”，反映了作者的评价态度。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，尽管成年人受益于学习动机和刻意练习，儿童的学习方式却截然不同——在掌握新知识关联时，两个年龄群体各自具备独特的优势与短板。A. deliberate故意的，刻意的；B. random随机的；C. joint联合的；D. ideal理想的。根据前文“we’re very attentive when we want to learn something”和“adults benefit from motivation”可知，成年人有学习动机，会非常专注和刻意地努力，并从中受益。故选A项。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，尽管成年人受益于学习动机和刻意练习，儿童的学习方式却截然不同——在掌握新知识关联时，两个年龄群体各自具备独特的优势与短板。A. masking掩盖；B. grasping掌握；C. narrowing变窄；D. reforming改革。根据前文“approach learning differently”可知，句中讨论了学习的方式，结合常识，学习需要掌握新知识的关联。故选B项。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：孩子们倾向于本能地学习新语言，可能有更多机会玩和尝试新语言，并且可能在没有翻译应用程序或其他资源帮助的情况下被迫适应。A. instinctively本能地；B. consciously有意识地；C. mutually相互地；D. duly适当地。根据后文“may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages”可知，孩子们有更多机会玩和尝试新语言，不需要明确的学习动机和刻意的练习，倾向于本能地学习新语言。故选A项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，成年人可以采用定制的策略来改善他们的语言学习体验。A. formats格式；B. gestures手势；C. attainments成就；D. strategies策略。根据后文“to improve their language learning experience”可推知，成年人改善语言学习体验需要策略。故选D项。 30．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，他们创建自己的记忆系统或可视化技术。A. As a whole整体上；B. For instance例如；C. In conclusion总之；D. By the way顺便说一下。根据后文“they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques”可知，此处是在举例说明成年人可以采用的策略。故选B项。 建议用时：45min Close 1 【2026届广东省中山市第一中学高三第二次模拟预测】Most of us think of electricity only when something goes wrong. A storm 31 the power out, or there’s a short in the wiring, or the monthly bill is unexpectedly high. Normally, we switch on, the juice flows, and we think nothing of it. According to the International Energy Agency, rising overall demand for electricity is outstripping (超过) the world’s efforts to improve efficiency and boost renewables. The fact is, economic development will inevitably require greater 32 of electricity. It is increasingly clear that nuclear power plants must play an important role in this equation (制衡关系). Nuclear power is, in many ways, the most promising source of zero-carbon electricity. Unlike solar, wind and water power, electricity from nuclear plants is 33 . Generators keep running when the sun is not shining, the wind is not blowing and water levels are low. Nevertheless, the industry has an uncertain and dangerous 34 . Take the United States as an example. There are fewer commercial reactors (商用核反应堆) in 35 today in the country than there were a generation ago. This year could see three commercial reactors 36 . There are plans to shut down about 20 more over the coming years. The problem is a misunderstanding of 37 . Humans are constantly exposed to radiation — from the sun, from the universe, from the very ground we walk on. The alarming near-meltdown at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island plant in 1979 38 exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is one of a growing number of 39 who believe that cheaper, smaller reactors must play a significant part in the post-carbon energy mix. His company Terra Power has announced plans to build a next-generation nuclear reactor at the site of a former coal-fired power plant in Wyoming. The goal is to prove that nuclear power can be 40 to the grid (输电网) at a competitive price and on a reasonable timeline. I’m an optimistic supporter of renewable energy sources. I’m also a (n) 41 student of the various impediments (阻碍) to the growth of these sources. I agree with Gates that the surest path to net-zero carbon emissions is one that 42 every non-carbon energy source, including nuclear power. The model to have in mind is not the hulking plant like Chernobyl. Instead, let’s consider the small, reliable reactors that have 43 the United States’ submarines and aircraft carriers. In 50-plus years of cruising, they have had no 44 . Carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases are the environmental challenge of our age. Nuclear power is one tool for 45 ourselves of them — while keeping the lights on. 31．A．breaks B．knocks C．moves D．sends 32．A．costs B．benefit C．qualities D．supplies 33．A．affordable B．movable C．predictable D．variable 34．A．impact B．potential C．reputation D．tendency 35．A．operation B．demand C．charge D．preparation 36．A．rebuilt B．refunded C．restored D．retired 37．A．instructions B．policies C．risks D．tasks 38．A．ultimately B．exceedingly C．critically D．privately 39．A．employers B．investors C．operators D．researchers 40．A．added B．compared C．exposed D．returned 41．A．idealistic B．ignorant C．primitive D．realistic 42．A．monitors B．fascinates C．maximizes D．composes 43．A．assembled B．powered C．developed D．resembled 44．A．accident B．function C．improvement D．performance 45．A．accusing B．ridding C．reminding D．warning 【答案】 31．B 32．D 33．C 34．C 35．A 36．D 37．C 38．A 39．B 40．A 41．D 42．C 43．B 44．A 45．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了核电作为零碳电力来源的潜力和重要性，以及公众对其风险的误解，强调了核电在实现碳中和目标中的作用。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨导致停电，或者线路短路，或者每月账单出人意料地高。A. breaks打破；B. knocks敲打，把……撞击成(某种状态)；C. moves移动；D. sends发送。根据前文‌“Most of us think of electricity only when something goes wrong.”和后文列举“there’s a short in the wiring, or the monthly bill is unexpectedly high”可推知，“暴风雨导致停电”也是让人们想到电的糟糕情况之一；动词短语knock out意为“使无效”，knock the power out“切断电源”，符合语境。故选B项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，经济发展将不可避免地需要更多的电力供应。A. costs成本；B. benefit利益；C. qualities质量；D. supplies供应。根据前文‌“rising overall demand for electricity”和“economic development”可推知，经济发展导致电力的需求不断增加，因此需要更多的电力供应。故选D项。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与太阳能、风能和水能不同，核电站的电力是可预测的。A. affordable负担得起的；B. movable可移动的；C. predictable可预测的；D. variable多变的。根据后文‌“Generators keep running when the sun is not shining, the wind is not blowing and water levels are low”可知，核电站的电力供应不受天气和水位等因素的影响，因此是可预测的。故选C项。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个行业却背负着前途未卜且安全堪忧的名声。A. impact影响；B. potential潜力；C. reputation名声；D. tendency趋势。根据前文‌“the industry has an uncertain and dangerous”和“Take the United States as an example. There are fewer commercial reactors (商用核反应堆) in 5 today in the country than there were a generation ago.”可知，核电前景具有不确性，且常引发对其安全的担忧，常被人诟病，这是它的名声。故选C项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，该国正在运行的商用核反应堆比一代人之前要少。A. operation运行；B. demand需求；C. charge费用；D. preparation准备。根据前文‌“There are fewer commercial reactors”和后文‌“than there were a generation ago”可知，正在运行的商用核反应堆数量减少了；in operation表示“在运行中”。故选A项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年可能会有三个商用核反应堆退役。A. rebuilt重建；B. refunded退款；C. restored修复；D. retired退役。根据后文‌“There are plans to shut down about 20 more over the coming years”可知，未来几年计划关闭更多的商用核反应堆，因此今年可能会有三个退役。故选D项。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题在于对风险的误解。A. instructions说明；B. policies政策；C. risks风险；D. tasks任务。根据后文‌“Humans are constantly exposed to radiation — from the sun, from the universe, from the very ground we walk on”和‌“The alarming near-meltdown at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island plant in 1979 8 exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray”可知，人们认为核电辐射风险很大，但实际上人们一直在暴露于各种辐射中，像1979年宾夕法尼亚州三哩岛核电站的险情对附近居民的辐射剂量远低于一次X光检查，所以人们对核电的风险存在误解。故选C项。 38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1979年宾夕法尼亚州三哩岛核电站那场令人心惊的濒临熔毁事故，最终使周边居民承受的辐射剂量仅相当于接受一次X光检查的六分之一。A. ultimately最终；B. exceedingly极其；C. critically严重地；D. privately私下地。根据后文‌“exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray”可知，附近居民暴露的辐射剂量约为他们接受一次X光检查的六分之一，这是最终测定的数据。故选A项。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨与越来越多投资者持有相同观点：更经济、更小型化的核反应堆必须在后碳时代的能源结构中发挥重要作用。A. employers雇主；B. investors投资者；C. operators操作员；D. researchers研究人员。根据后文‌“His company Terra Power has announced plans to build a next-generation nuclear reactor”可知，比尔·盖茨的公司计划建造下一代核反应堆，说明他是投资者之一。故选B项。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此举旨在验证核能能够以具有竞争力的成本与合理的建设周期接入电网。A. added增加，接入；B. compared比较；C. exposed暴露；D. returned返回。根据后文‌“to the grid (输电网) at a competitive price and on a reasonable timeline”可知，核电要接入电网；be added to表示“被加入到”。故选A项。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同时，对于这些能源在发展过程中面临的重重阻碍，我也保持着清醒现实的认知。A. idealistic理想主义的；B. ignorant无知的；C. primitive原始的；D. realistic现实的。根据前文“I’m an optimistic supporter of renewable energy sources.”和后文‌“the various impediments (阻碍) to the growth of these sources”可知，作者即对再生能源保持乐观，也对其发展阻碍有现实的认识。故选D项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我同意盖茨的观点，即实现零碳排放的最可靠途径是最大化利用每一种非碳能源，包括核能。A. monitors监控；B. fascinates使着迷；C. maximizes最大化；D. composes组成。根据前文“the surest path to net-zero carbon emissions”和后文‌“every non-carbon energy source, including nuclear power”可推知，实现零碳排放的最可靠途径是最大化利用每一种非碳能源。故选C项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，让我们考虑一下为美国潜艇和航空母舰提供动力的小型可靠反应堆。A. assembled组装；B. powered提供动力；C. developed发展；D. resembled相似。根据前文“the small, reliable reactors”和后文‌“the United States’ submarines and aircraft carriers”可知，此处指为美国潜艇和航空母舰提供动力的小型核反应堆。故选B项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在50多年的航行中，它们没有发生过事故。A. accident事故；B. function功能；C. improvement改进；D. performance表现。根据前文‌“reliable reactors”和“In 50-plus years of cruising”可知，这些小型反应堆很可靠，在50多年的航行中没有发生过事故。故选A项。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：核电是使我们摆脱碳排放和其他温室气体的工具之一——同时保持电力供应。A. accusing指责；B. ridding摆脱；C. reminding提醒；D. warning警告。根据前文‌“Carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases are the environmental challenge of our age.”可知，碳排放与其他温室气体已成为我们这个时代最严峻的环境挑战，所以我们需要把核电作为摆脱它们的工具；rid sb of sth表示“使某人摆脱某物”。故选B项。 cloze 2 【上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试】The Moon meant a great deal to medieval (中世纪的) people around the world. It was believed to have an enormous impact on Earth, affecting the tides, the trees, animals and human minds and bodies. But it also had many symbolic associations, whether in the realms of love, 1 or religion—as I explore in my new book, The Medieval Moon: A History of Haunting and Blessing. In fact, I suggest we can talk about medieval moons in the plural, because the Moon was seen in such a wide variety of contexts and guises. The book travels across multiple regions and cultures to seek these medieval moons, 2 Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Indian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latin, Mayan, Norse, Persian, Polynesian and Welsh traditions, among others. In many ways, the Moon was like a riddle for medieval people. As a symbol, it did not have an easily decipherable (可解读的) meaning, which encouraged viewers to read it in playful ways. 3 , many Old English and Old Norse riddles appropriately have the 4 “Moon”. The Moon was also seen as place of travel and 5 . Japanese, Italian, English, German and Dutch sources all testify to stories of travel to and from the Moon, long before the age of 6 space travel. The Moon was also 7 in many kinds of prophetic activity. In the 8 of the period, sorcerers (巫师) and kings studied the Moon to find out about the future. The legendary sorcerer Merlin, for example, made prophecies involving the Moon in Geoffrey of Monmouth’s History of the Kings of Britain. The Moon was also a rich symbol in 9 contexts. In medieval Christian and Islamic sources, the Moon could 10 everything from the Islamic Prophet Muhammad to the Christian Church as an 11 . Despite this freight of negative meanings, the Moon was also 12 with love. Medieval Sufis- 13 known as Islamic mystics-wrote of “moon beauties”. For these poets, the moon beauty was not an earthly lover but the divine (天赐的, 神的)-Allah. As it shimmered for medieval audiences, the Moon 14 at deep emotions and complex thoughts, pervading people’s lives in moments of 15 and moments of tenderness. 1．A．illusion B．hatred C．illustration D．sympathy 2．A．taking in B．taking out C．taking over D．taking away 3．A．Nevertheless B．Namely C．Unfortunately D．Consequently 4．A．solution B．evolution C．revolution D．illusion 5．A．adventure B．torture C．route D．routine 6．A．fantastic B．real C．supposed D．rare 7．A．involved B．intended C．concerned D．cornered 8．A．society B．literature C．association D．realm 9．A．religious B．scientific C．academic D．rational 10．A．explain B．announce C．describe D．represent 11．A．institution B．family C．term D．crowd 12．A．dotted B．associated C．directed D．lined 13．A．commonly B．usually C．recently D．extremely 14．A．ignored B．grasped C．doubted D．insured 15．A．excitement B．impatience C．harshness D．existence 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中世纪时期月亮对全球人们的重要意义、多元象征及文化内涵。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它也有许多象征意义，无论是在爱情、仇恨还是宗教领域——正如我在新书《中世纪的月亮：一段萦绕与祝福的历史》中所探讨的那样。A. illusion错觉；B. hatred仇恨；C. illustration插图；D. sympathy同情。根据前文“love”和后文“religion”可知，此处需填与“love”情感色彩相反的词，hatred符合语境。故选B项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这本书跨越多个地区和文化，探寻这些中世纪的月亮意象，涵盖了阿拉伯、中国、英国、法国、德国、印度、意大利、日本、韩国、拉丁、玛雅、挪威、波斯、波利尼西亚和威尔士等诸多文化传统。A. taking in涵盖、包含；B. taking out取出；C. taking over接管；D. taking away拿走。根据前文“across multiple regions and cultures”以及后文列举的众多文化传统可知，涵盖了阿拉伯、中国、英国、法国、德国、印度、意大利、日本、韩国、拉丁、玛雅、挪威、波斯、波利尼西亚和威尔士等诸多文化传统taking in符合语境。故选A项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，许多古英语和古斯堪的纳维亚语的谜语都恰如其分地以“月亮”作为谜底。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Namely也就是说；C. Unfortunately不幸的是；D. Consequently因此。前文提到月亮对中世纪人来说像谜语，象征意义难以解读，后文说相关谜语以月亮为谜底，是因果关系，Consequently符合语境。故选D项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，许多古英语和古斯堪的纳维亚语的谜语都恰如其分地以“月亮”作为谜底。A. solution谜底、答案；B. evolution进化；C. revolution革命；D. illusion错觉。根据前文“riddles”可知，此处指谜语的答案，solution符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：月亮也被视为一个充满旅行与冒险的地方。A. adventure冒险；B. torture折磨；C. route路线；D. routine惯例。根据前文“place of travel”以及后文“stories of travel to and from the Moon”可知，月亮也被视为一个充满旅行与冒险的地方，adventure符合语境。故选A项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早在真正的太空旅行时代到来之前，日本、意大利、英国、德国和荷兰的文献中就有许多关于往返月球的故事记载。A. fantastic奇妙的；B. real真实的；C. supposed假定的；D. rare稀有的。根据前文“long before”可知，中世纪的月球旅行故事发生在真实太空旅行之前，real符合语境。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：月亮也与许多预言活动息息相关。A. involved相关的；B. intended有意的；C. concerned关心的；D. cornered走投无路的。根据后文“many kinds of prophetic activity”可知，月亮也与许多预言活动息息相关。be involved in为固定搭配，意为“参与、与……相关”，符合语境。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个时代的文学作品中，巫师和国王会通过观察月亮来预测未来。A. society社会；B. literature文学；C. association协会；D. realm领域。根据后文“Geoffrey of Monmouth’s History of the Kings of Britain”这一文学作品可知，此处指文学范畴，literature符合语境。故选B项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：月亮在宗教语境中也是一个内涵丰富的象征符号。A. religious宗教的；B. scientific科学的；C. academic学术的；D. rational理性的。根据后文“medieval Christian and Islamic sources”可知，此处指宗教相关内容，religious符合语境。故选A项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中世纪基督教和伊斯兰教的文献中，月亮可以代表从伊斯兰教先知穆罕默德到基督教教会等各种事物。A. explain解释；B. announce宣布；C. describe描述；D. represent代表。根据前文“a rich symbol”可知，月亮作为象征符号，代表不同的对象，represent符合语境。故选D项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中世纪基督教和伊斯兰教的文献中，月亮可以代表从伊斯兰教先知穆罕默德到基督教教会等各种机构性质的事物。A. institution机构；B. family家庭；C. term术语；D. crowd人群。根据前文“the Christian Church”可知，教会属于机构范畴，institution符合语境。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管月亮承载着诸多负面含义，但它也与爱情紧密相连。A. dotted点缀；B. associated联系；C. directed指导；D. lined排列。根据前文“Despite this freight of negative meanings”以及后文“with love”可知，但月亮也与爱情紧密相连。be associated with为固定搭配，意为“与……相关联”，符合语境。故选B项。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：中世纪的苏菲派信徒——通常被称为伊斯兰教神秘主义者——曾写下关于“月光美人”的诗篇。A. commonly通常、普遍地；B. usually通常（侧重习惯性）；C. recently最近；D. extremely极其。根据后文“known as Islamic mystics-wrote of “moon beauties””可知，此处是对“Sufis”的普遍定义，commonly符合语境。故选A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中世纪人们的眼中，月亮熠熠生辉，它触动着人们内心深处的情感与复杂思绪，在残酷的时刻与温柔的瞬间中渗透在人们的生活里。A. ignored忽视；B. grasped抓住、触动；C. doubted怀疑；D. insured投保。根据后文“deep emotions and complex thoughts”可知，月亮能触动人们的情感与思绪，grasped符合语境。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中世纪人们的眼中，月亮熠熠生辉，它触动着人们内心深处的情感与复杂思绪，在残酷的时刻与温柔的瞬间中渗透在人们的生活里。A. excitement兴奋；B. impatience不耐烦；C. harshness残酷、严厉；D. existence存在。根据后文“moments of tenderness”可知，此处需填与“tenderness”情感色彩相反的词，harshness符合语境。故选C项。 Cloze 3 【天津市五区县重点校2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中】In August, Hilde Falun Strom and Sunniva Sorby began a nine-month Arctic expedition (考察), settling into a tiny hunting cabin (小木屋) on the high-Arctic Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard. The cabin is the only 31 within 140 kilometers. Polar bears 32 around and the winter temperatures can drop to around -30 ˚ C． The 33 are so severe that few polar scientists collect field data from the area during winter. That’s where Falun Strom and Sorby come in — 34 observations about wildlife and the environment that could help scientists 35 how rapid warming is changing Arctic ecosystems. Both women, known as the Bamsebu team, were inspired to 36 climate research after witnessing the effects of climate change in polar regions. They both have 37 in frozen environments. Sorby has worked as a historian and guide in Antarctica, while Falun Strom has spent time in trappers’ cabins across the Arctic. “It’s as if all of my years in Svalbard have 38 me for this overwintering,” Falun Strom says. But even for her, the Bamsebu experience is 39 . There is no running water, so they melt ice for water and chop wood to keep warm. Going outside 40 wearing many layers of clothing. “We snap constantly,” 41 foxes, reindeer and polar bears, Sorby said. Those photos may give insight into how animals in the region are 42 warmer weather. In November, they 43 a polar bear that had recently hunted a reindeer. That was 44 , because polar bears normally eat seals. Scientists suspect bears may be forced to 45 their eating habits because warmer ocean currents are drastically (彻底地) shrinking sea ice where bears 46 seals. The Bamsebu team are also 47 phytoplankton (浮游生物) samples for the FjordPhyto citizen science project, which 48 relies on tourist ships for sample collection. The samples from the Bamsebu team could 49 whether a similar 50 is occurring in the northern regions. 31．A．yard B．shelter C．building D．campsite 32．A．wander B．travel C．run D．search 33．A．issues B．conditions C．experiments D．activities 34．A．imagining B．interpreting C．gathering D．guaranteeing 35．A．consult B．preserve C．acknowledge D．understand 36．A．support B．fund C．deliver D．found 37．A．faith B．training C．experience D．progress 38．A．introduced B．prepared C．invited D．chosen 39．A．fantastic B．tough C．boring D．beneficial 40．A．suggests B．includes C．allows D．requires 41．A．guarding B．watching C．hunting D．photographing 42．A．adapting to B．getting over C．depending on D．contributing to 43．A．caught B．encountered C．helped D．attacked 44．A．practical B．natural C．odd D．ordinary 45．A．select B．evaluate C．maintain D．change 46．A．discover B．gather C．follow D．hunt 47．A．collecting B．ordering C．reporting D．studying 48．A．typically B．suddenly C．gracefully D．curiously 49．A．get rid of B．throw light on C．make up for D．give way to 50．A．increase B．contrast C．shift D．balance 【答案】 31．B 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．D 36．A 37．C 38．B 39．B 40．D 41．D 42．A 43．B 44．C 45．D 46．D 47．A 48．A 49．B 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了两位女性探险家在北极极端环境中进行为期9个月的考察，记录野生动植物和环境变化，为科学家研究气候变暖对北极生态系统的影响提供数据。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这座小木屋是140公里范围内唯一的庇护所。A. yard院子；B. shelter庇护所；C. building建筑物；D. campsite营地。根据下文“Polar bears 2 around and the winter temperatures can drop to around -30 ˚ C.”可知，屋子外面温度极低，很危险，所以此处指小屋是140公里内唯一的避难所。故选B。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：北极熊在周围闲逛，冬季气温可能降至零下30摄氏度左右。A. wander闲逛；B. travel旅行；C. run奔跑；D. search搜寻。根据上文“Polar bears”和下文“around”可知，此处指北极熊四处游荡。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里的环境条件极为恶劣，以至于冬季很少有极地科学家从该地区收集实地数据。A. issues问题；B. conditions条件；C. experiments实验；D. activities活动。根据上文“Polar bears 2 around and the winter temperatures can drop to around -30 ˚ C.”及下文“few polar scientists collect field data from the area during winter.”可知，此处指条件非常恶劣，以至于冬季很少有科学家从该地区收集数据。故选B。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这正是法伦・斯特伦和索比的用武之地——她们收集有关野生动物和环境的观测数据，这些数据能帮助科学家理解气候快速变暖如何改变北极生态系统。A. imagining想象；B. interpreting解读；C. gathering收集；D. guaranteeing保证。根据上文“few polar scientists collect field data from the area during winter.”及下文“That’s where Falun Strom and Sorby come in”可知，该地区在冬季很少有科学家收集数据，因此法伦・斯特伦和索比开始做这件事，即收集有关野生动物和环境的观察结果。故选C。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这正是法伦・斯特伦和索比的用武之地——她们收集有关野生动物和环境的观测数据，这些数据能帮助科学家理解气候快速变暖如何改变北极生态系统。A. consult咨询；B. preserve保护；C. acknowledge承认；D. understand理解。根据下文“how rapid warming is changing Arctic ecosystems”可知，此处指这些观察结果可能有助于科学家了解气候变暖对北极生态系统的影响。故选D。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位被称为“巴姆塞布团队”的女性，在目睹极地地区的气候变化影响后，受到激励，来支持气候研究。A. support支持，帮助；B. fund资助；C. deliver交付；D. found创立。根据上文“That’s where Falun Strom and Sorby come in — 4 observations about wildlife and the environment that could help scientists 5 how rapid warming is changing Arctic ecosystems.”可知，法伦・斯特伦和索比收集数据来帮助科学家们进行气候研究。故选A。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们两人都有在寒冷环境工作的经验。A. faith信念；B. training培训；C. experience经验；D. progress进步。根据下文“Sorby has worked as a historian and guide in Antarctica, while Falun Strom has spent time in trappers’ huts across the Arctic.”可知，她们都有在寒冷环境中工作的经验。故选C。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“仿佛我在斯瓦尔巴群岛的所有岁月都为这次越冬做好了准备，” 法伦・斯特伦说。A. introduced介绍；B. prepared准备；C. invited邀请；D. chosen选择。根据上文“Sorby has worked as a historian and guide in Antarctica, while Falun Strom has spent time in trappers’ huts across the Arctic.”可知，她在北极地区的这些经历为她的这次越冬做好了准备。故选B。 39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但即使对她来说，这次巴姆塞布考察经历也十分艰难。A. fantastic极好的；B. tough艰难的；C. boring无聊的；D. beneficial有益的。根据下文“There is no running water, so they melt ice for water and chop wood to keep warm.”可知，没有自来水、得自己砍木头取暖，因此这次考察经历非常艰难。故选B。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：外出需要穿多层衣物。A. suggests建议；B. includes包含；C. allows允许；D. requires需要。根据上文“the winter temperatures can drop to around -30 ˚ C”可知，该地区外面很冷，外出需要穿很多层衣服。故选D。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们一直在拍照，” 索比说，她们拍摄狐狸、驯鹿和北极熊。A. guarding守卫；B. watching观看；C. hunting捕猎；D. photographing拍摄。根据上文“We snap constantly”及下文“Those photos”可知，她们一直在拍照，拍摄这些动物的照片。故选D。 42．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些照片可能会让人们了解该地区的动物如何适应变暖的气候。A. adapting to适应；B. getting over克服；C. depending on依赖；D. contributing to促成。根据下文“because polar bears normally eat seals. Scientists suspect bears may be forced to 15 their eating habits because warmer ocean currents are drastically shrinking sea ice where bears 16 seals.”可知，北极熊因为变暖的气候而被迫改变饮食习惯，因此这些照片可能会让人们了解该地区的动物如何适应变暖的气候。故选A。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：11月，她们遇到了一只刚捕猎到驯鹿的北极熊。A. caught捕捉；B. encountered遇到；C. helped帮助；D. attacked攻击。根据下文“a polar bear that had recently hunted a reindeer”可知，此处指她们遇到了一只北极熊。故选B。 44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很奇怪，因为北极熊通常以海豹为食。A. practical实用的；B. natural自然的；C. odd奇怪的；D. ordinary普通的。根据上文“a polar bear that had recently hunted a reindeer”和下文“because polar bears normally eat seals”可知，北极熊通常吃海豹，却捕猎驯鹿，这一行为是奇怪的。故选C。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家推测，由于暖流彻底缩减了北极熊捕猎海豹的海冰面积，它们可能被迫改变饮食习惯。A. select选择；B. evaluate评估；C. maintain维持；D. change改变。根据上文“a polar bear that had recently hunted a reindeer”及“because polar bears normally eat seals.”可知，北极熊通常吃海豹，却捕猎驯鹿，它们可能由于气候变暖而被迫改变了饮食习惯。故选D。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家推测，由于暖流彻底缩减了北极熊捕猎海豹的海冰面积，它们可能被迫改变饮食习惯。A. discover发现；B. gather收集；C. follow跟随；D. hunt捕猎。根据上文“polar bears normally eat seals”可知，此处指北极熊捕猎海豹。故选D。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：巴姆塞布团队还在为“峡湾浮游生物”公民科学项目收集浮游生物样本，该项目通常依赖旅游船进行样本采集。A. collecting收集；B. ordering订购；C. reporting报告；D. studying研究。根据下文“for sample collection”可知，此处指收集浮游生物样本。故选A。 48．考查副词短语辨析。句意：巴姆塞布团队还在为“峡湾浮游生物”公民科学项目收集浮游生物样本，该项目通常依赖旅游船只进行样本采集。A. typically通常；B. suddenly突然；C. gracefully优雅地；D. curiously好奇地。根据上文“The Bamsebu team are also 17 phytoplankton samples for the FjordPhyto citizen science project”及下文“tourist ships for sample collection”可知，她们还为该项目收集样本，但该项目通常是依靠旅游船只进行样本收集的。故选A。 49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：巴姆塞布团队收集的样本可能会阐明北方地区是否正在发生类似的变化。A. get rid of摆脱；B. throw light on阐明；C. make up for弥补；D. give way to让步。根据上文“That’s where Falun Strom and Sorby come in — 4 observations about wildlife and the environment that could help scientists 5 how rapid warming is changing Arctic ecosystems.”及“Scientists suspect bears may be forced to 15 their eating habits because warmer ocean currents are drastically shrinking sea ice where bears 16 seals.”并结合全文可知，她们收集的数据能帮助科学家们研究气候变暖对北极生态系统的影响，因此她们收集的样本可能会帮助阐明北方地区是否正在发生类似的变化。故选B。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴姆塞布团队收集的样本可能会阐明北方地区是否正在发生类似的变化。A. increase增加；B. contrast对比；C. shift转变；D. balance平衡。根据上文“Scientists suspect bears may be forced to 15 their eating habits because warmer ocean currents are drastically shrinking sea ice where bears 16 seals.”并结合全文可知，气候变暖给北极生态系统带来了一系列的变化，比如说北极熊被迫改变饮食习惯，因此她们收集的样本能帮助阐明类似的变化是否在北方地区发生。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 9 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $