题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（安徽专用）（中考真题+热点话题练）-2026年中考英语总复习(安徽专用)

题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (安徽专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 说明文,家庭关系,意见/建议,词句猜测,主旨大意,推理判断 2 适中 说明文,发明与创造 3 适中 科普知识,说明文 4 适中 信息技术,说明文 5 较易 说明文,意见/建议,哲理感悟 6 适中 说明文,语言与文化,青少年问题 7 适中 科普知识,说明文,电影与戏剧,篇章结构,推理判断,细节理解 8 较易 说明文,环境保护,志愿服务 9 较易 说明文,情绪,意见/建议,词句猜测,主旨大意,细节理解 10 较易 说明文,文化差异 11 较易 个人庆典,说明文 12 适中 说明文,方法/策略,疾病,篇章结构,主旨大意,细节理解 13 较易 说明文,方法/策略,意见/建议 14 适中 说明文,传统工艺,推理判断,细节理解 15 容易 说明文,发明与创造,科学技术 【中考真题】 Relationships with your siblings (兄弟姐妹) can help you practice social skills. Having a good relationship with them can help you communicate with other people, and understand other people’s feelings. You can even learn things when you don’t get on with your siblings. When you have argued (争吵) with them, you have to work out how to be in the same space as them. As a result, you often learn how to accept differences. It is very useful in the outside world. It’s completely normal (正常的) that sometimes you and your sibling won’t see eye to eye. “Have a good think about why the two of you don’t get on. Try to talk when you both cool down,” says Dr. Owen, a researcher in how children develop. “Tell them how you feel. You could say, ‘It really hurts me when you make jokes about me.’ If the trouble carries on, talk to a trusted adult (成年人).” All families are different. What if you don’t have siblings? That doesn’t mean you won’t experience the advantages people get from having a brother or sister. There are ways to help only children develop these skills too. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Advantages of having siblings. B．Causes of arguing with others. C．Practices of accepting differences. D．Ways of building relationships. 2．What do the underlined words “see eye to eye” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Joke with each other. B．Hear from each other. C．Agree with each other. D．Learn from each other. 3．What will probably be talked about next? A．Why all families are different. B．When we can talk to a trusted adult. C．What is important for communication. D．How only children develop social skills. Dennis Hong and his students design (设计) human-like robots. This includes a cooking robot called Project YORI. YORI is only the latest of Hong’s robot inventions. There’s DAVID, the world’s first and only car that can be driven by the blind. And SAFFiR, a two-legged robot that can do dangerous work that humans are often unable to do. Hong is finding plenty of work for his robots. When he was asked about his biggest success, Hong chose the robot called DARwIn-OP. He thought it was one of the most widely used human-like robots for research and education. Hong’s team made DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use. They have seen many projects using the design. And they consider it a gift to the robotics community. “Many people only want to see our successes and not the failures that came before those, but failure is simply a stepping stone in developing new technology. If you’re too afraid of failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation (创新),” said Hong. “I tell my students to try breaking the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn anything.” 1．Which robot is the most recent invention by Dennis Hong’s team? A．YORI. B．DAVID． C．SAFFiR. D．DARwIn-OP. 2．What is special about DARwIn according to the text? A．Its technology is the latest. B．It is a popular robot for the blind. C．It is the first human-like robot. D．Its design is free for anyone to use. 3．What does Dennis Hong encourage his students to do? A．Walk on the safer side. B．Do more for education. C．Keep trying and learning. D．Avoid making mistakes. What makes you fall asleep? The main cause is your body clock, a time-keeper inside your body. But how to control and use your body clock? Scientists suggested having a shower before bed. Jumping into the shower around an hour before bed could mean you sleep better. A warm shower helps you relax, and then after it warms you up, your core（核心）body temperature drops. This encourages you to fall asleep more quickly and sleep more soundly. A study in 2019 said that a water temperature of 40℃ to 42. 4℃ produces the best-quality（最优质的）sleep. After people lie down, most of them take about 20 minutes to fall asleep. However, if you have a shower one to two hours before going to bed, you will fall asleep 10 minutes earlier. Core body temperature drops naturally before you sleep, then drops further during the night. It rises again as you wake up. It is thought that taking a warm shower will speed up the drop in temperature before bed, as it brings blood to the surface of the body, and then the heat is given off. 1．What did scientists suggest people do before bed to sleep better? A．Sleep an hour earlier. B．Jump into bed. C．Have a warm shower. D．Set a time clock. 2．What does the underlined word “soundly” probably mean? A．Deeply. B．Poorly. C．Kindly. D．Slowly. 3．Which water temperature produces the best-quality sleep according to the study? A．44.2℃ B．41.5℃ C．36.4℃ D．32.4℃ 4．In which part of a newspaper can you find the text? A．Art. B．Weather. C．History. D．Health. 【热点话题练习】 Today, we often see pictures created with the help of an AI tool. It seems that these pictures are real ones. Siwei Lyu, a computer scientist from America, offers some tips about how to find out whether a picture online is AI-created or not. The first step is to slow down. It only takes an AI tool 0.013 seconds to produce a picture. That may be enough to notice what it is, but not enough to think about whether it’s real or not. “Next time we see something interesting or funny, take more time to look and think about it.” Lyu says. Secondly, AI programs are trained to create pictures by looking at a large number of real ones. These programs only know what they’ve been given. They don’t know what details to pay attention to. This results in problems that are easy to find through careful checks: If there is a person in a picture, Lyu suggests looking at their hands and eyes. Today’s AI programs aren’t good at producing lifelike hands. They may have six fingers, or fingers that are in the same length or look strange. And why the eyes? Humans almost always have round pupils (瞳孔), but AI often produces strangely shaped ones. Thirdly, many AI-created pictures have unnatural smoothness where there should be textures (纹理). Things that should be straight may be curved (弯曲的). You can start looking out for AI-created pictures today. Check first before you believe anything you see! 1．Why does Lyu suggest looking at hands and eyes of a person in a picture? A．Because everyone’s eyes and hands are different. B．Because AI-created pictures always have unnatural smoothness. C．Because AI programs are not able to create lifelike hands and eyes. D．Because it takes people more time to look at their details. 2．What can we infer (推测) from the text? A．AI-created pictures are different from those real ones. B．AI-created pictures still have a long way to improve. C．AI clearly knows what it should pay attention to when creating pictures. D．AI can create pictures if they look at a large number of real ones. 3．Why does the writer write this article? A．To ask readers to think critically about the things they see online. B．To introduce the problems of AI-created pictures. C．To share some ways to tell if a picture is AI-created or not. D．To encourage readers to create some lifelike pictures. ①One morning, I got up early and decided to make an apple pie for my mum. I enjoyed every step so much that I didn’t notice three hours pass by. Although the pie looked terrible and was not that delicious, Mum ate it up and told me it was the best pie that she had ever had. For the first time, I realized that although I didn’t make the pie successfully, I really enjoyed the process. ②The process is important because it brings us something bigger than the result itself. That is, we always have new experiences during the process, which may help us improve our skills or form good relationships with others. If we just concentrate on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely to feel upset and want to give up. ③But in this busy world, we see a lot of people are in competition. How can we enjoy the process? Well, the question has the answer in itself. ④Don’t always compare yourself with others. We are all different and success means different things to us. For some, success means being famous, while for others, it may be health or power. Ride your own ride. ⑤Slow down. You need to stop expecting immediate results in what you do and learn to be patient. Impatience leads to unhappiness. Do it slowly, but never stop. ⑥Reward yourself. Divide the process into small steps, and give yourself a reward after completing each of them. Rewarding yourself for small wins can go a long way. 1．How does the writer start the article? A．By giving an example. B．By comparing facts. C．By using old sayings. D．By listing numbers. 2．What do the underlined words “concentrate on” mean in paragraph 2? A．make up. B．get ready for. C．point out. D．pay attention to. 3．Which of the following is NOT a suggestion if we want to enjoy the process? A．Focus on ourselves. B．Be patient. C．Treat ourselves in time. D．Forget about the time. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? （①= paragraph 1, …） A．①②∥③④⑤∥⑥ B．①②∥③④∥⑤⑥ C．①∥②∥③∥④⑤⑥ D．①∥②∥③∥④⑤∥⑥ Have you ever felt angry while scrolling (滚动) through short videos or social media? You might think you’re just in a bad mood, but actually, you may have fallen for “rage bait”—the Oxford Word of the Year 2025. What is rage bait? It’s easy to understand: “rage” means anger, and “bait” means something to attract. So, rage bait is online content made to cause anger and upset on purpose. This term first appeared in 2002, which was used to describe a driver’s overreaction to another’s overtaking (超车) signal. Later, with the rise of the Internet, creators make it just to get more clicks, comments or shares. Rage bait has many common forms on social media that you may have met. For example, some short videos overstate (夸大) small arguments between classmates, such as “Students who refuse to share books are bullies”. There are also posts with one-sided views on popular hobbies, like “People who like this game are wasting time”. These headlines make you uncomfortable, angry and eager to comment. ▲ Teenagers react more strongly to negative feelings than positive ones. When they feel angry, their brains release a chemical called dopamine (多巴胺), which makes them want to watch more similar content and comment angrily. This creates a bad cycle: the more angry they feel, the more such content the app shows them. Some students even learn bad words or unfair opinions. In 2025, more and more people are talking about rage bait because they realize how it changes our feelings. For teenagers who often use the Internet, knowing how to deal with it properly is very important. This makes it necessary to learn some practical ways to stay away from its negative influences. 1．What can we know about rage bait from paragraph 2? ①Its meaning.    ②Its danger.    ③Its purpose.    ④Its origin. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 2．What is the best sentence to be put at ____▲____ in paragraph 3? A．But such seemingly harmless reactions may influence teenagers negatively. B．These angry reactions seem small but can make teenagers popular online. C．These angry comments can make people more interested in social media. D．It seems to serve as a way to express your feelings freely on the internet. 3．According to the article, which of the following headlines is rage bait? A．Ways to Make Friends with Classmates Easily. B．All Students Who Play Online Games Are Lazy. C．A Guide to Choosing Useful Clothes for Parties. D．Interesting Facts about Teenagers’ Hobbies. 4．What may the writer talk about after the last paragraph? A．Ways to help drivers avoid overreacting when overtaking. B．The bad influences of rage bait on teenagers’ daily lives. C．Tips for teenagers to deal with rage bait online. D．The number of people talking about rage bait in 2025. Have you seen circles, squares and triangles (三角形) everywhere in your daily life? Have you thought about their meanings in films? Much like colors, different shapes can show different features (特征) of characters in the scenes. Circles represent (象征) things that are soft and natural. The round shape reminds us of things that appear in nature, like the sun, flowers, raindrops and so on. We can also connect circles with beautiful eyes, babies’ round faces... All these things make us feel happy and warm. This is why so many cartoon characters’ bodies—heroes, kids, good people—are round in shape, because circles represent goodness, happiness and friendliness. Squares show things that are unnatural or man-made, or things that are boring or old-fashioned. In Up (《飞屋环游记》), Carl, an elderly man, has a square face and wears square glasses, while Russell, an 8-year-old boy with a round face, always wears round medals. These shapes show the characters’ personalities. Carl is stubborn (执拗的) and lonely, while Russell is lovely and full of energy. The angriest shape is the triangle. Kids who draw a monster with sharp teeth draw a row of triangles, don’t they? That’s because the shape represents fear, distrust and doubt in some way. If you look at the bad guys in cartoons, you’ll find they’re all drawn with plenty of points and triangles. And triangles are stable and don’t easily fall down. In films, this feature makes bad people difficult to deal with. Not only in cartoons, but also in other kinds of films, different shapes are used for the same purpose. So, next time you see a film, try to find the hidden shapes and you will know what the characters are like. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving an example. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Cartoon characters in round shapes can be friendly and happy. B．Cartoon characters with a square face can be lovely and full of energy. C．Cartoon characters drawn with triangles can be good and brave. D．Cartoon characters in triangles can be easy to get along with. 3．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1...) A． B． C． D． Plastic pollution has become a serious issue in coastal​ (沿海的) cities. In Green City, a group of middle school students noticed that plastic bags and bottles were harming marine​ (海洋的) life. They decided to take action by launching the “Clean Ocean Project”. First, they organized beach clean-up activities every weekend. Dozens of volunteers collected plastic waste along the coastline. Then, they visited local supermarkets to encourage customers to use reusable bags. To spread their message, they created short videos and shared them on social media. The project gained support quickly. Nearby schools joined them, and even the city government provided recycling bins ​(回收箱). Within a year, the amount of plastic waste on beaches decreased by 30%. The students felt proud that their small actions had made a visible difference. 1．What was the main goal of the “Clean Ocean Project”? A．To attract tourists to the beaches. B．To reduce plastic waste in the ocean. C．To help supermarkets sell more bags. D．To teach people how to make videos. 2．How did the students promote their project? A．By selling reusable bags. B．By asking the government for money. C．By creating online videos. D．By collecting bottles every day. 3．What does the underlined word “volunteers” mean? A．People who work for payment. B．People who help willingly without pay. C．People who pollute the environment. D．People who live near the beach. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Beauty of Green City B．How to Protect Marine Life C．Students’ Fight Against Plastic Pollution D．The Importance of Social Media Everyone feels disappointed sometimes. Maybe you didn’t get the grade you wanted, your team lost an important game, or your plans for the weekend were canceled. Disappointment is a sad feeling you get when things don’t turn out as you have hoped or expected. It’s a normal part of life, especially when you’re growing up. It’s okay to feel this way. Allow yourself to feel disappointed for a little while. Don’t try to mask your feelings. Talking to a friend or family member about how you feel can often make you feel better. They might help you see things differently or just listen to you. Sometimes, writing down your thoughts in a diary can also help. After that, it helps you to think about what you can learn from the experience. Did you study the best way you could? Could you practice more for the next game? Sometimes, things are out of your control. For example, a picnic was canceled because of bad weather. When this happens, try to think of a different fun activity, like watching movies at home or playing games indoors. Remember that disappointment doesn’t last forever. Everyone faces disappointments, even successful people. What’s important is how you deal with them. Each time you get through a disappointment, you become stronger and better at handling difficult situations. New chances and happier days will always come again. 1．What is one example of disappointment given in the first paragraph? A．Breaking a favorite toy from your parents. B．Missing the school bus in the morning. C．Forgetting your best friend’s birthday. D．Losing an important game. 2．What does the underlined word “mask” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Hide. B．Create. C．Lose. D．Touch. 3．How should you deal with the things that are out of your control? A．By writing down the thoughts in a diary. B．By thinking of a different fun activity. C．By giving up trying anything new quickly. D．By waiting for someone to help you. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Disappointment will never go away. B．Successful people never feel disappointed. C．You can be stronger by learning to solve disappointment. D．It’s best to avoid situations that might cause disappointment. You may hear “subway”, “underground” and “metro” when people talk about city trains. They all mean the same thing—a train system (系统) in a city. But people use them in different places. “Subway” is mostly used in American English. It comes from “sub-”, which means “under”. For example, people say “New York City Subway” or “Boston Subway”. But be careful! In the UK, “subway” usually means a “pedestrian underpass” (a road for people under the street), not the train. “Underground” is a British English word. It is often written as “Underground” because it is the official (官方的) name of London’s subway system—the “London Underground”. British people also use “tube” (like a small pipe (管道)) to talk about city trains in daily life. It is more common than “underground”. “Metro” comes from the French word “métropolitain”. It is the most common word around the world. You can hear it in Europe, Asia, Africa and other places. For example, there is the “Paris Métro”, “Beijing Metro” and “Moscow Metro”. All in all, America often uses “subway”, London uses “underground”, and “metro” works almost everywhere. Now you won’t mix them up! 1．What does “subway” usually mean in the UK? A．A city train’s name. B．A pedestrian underpass. C．A busy street. D．A train station. 2．What do the British also use to talk about city trains? A．Underground. B．Pipe. C．Tube. D．Metro. 3．Where does the word “metro” come from? A．A French word. B．A German word. C．A Chinese word. D．A Japanese word. 4．What’s the best title (标题) for this text? A．How to take a subway in different cities? B．When were city trains built in different countries? C．Why do people need city trains to travel to other countries? D．What’s the difference between “subway”, “underground” and “metro”? In Mexico, a young person’s fifteenth birthday is a very important celebration, especially for girls. This birthday is called a “quinceañera”. It marks a girl’s change from childhood to a young woman. The celebration is a big event that involves (牵涉) family, friends, food, music, and dancing. The day usually starts with a special ceremony in a church (教堂) . The girl, dressed in a beautiful dress similar to a wedding gown (婚纱) , gives thanks and receives the wish. After the ceremony, there is a large party. The party venue (场所)  is often decorated with flowers and balloons. There is always lots of delicious Mexican food like tacos, tamales, and a large birthday cake. One of the most important customs during the quinceañera party is the changing of the shoes. The father of the birthday girl helps her change from flat shoes to high heels. This symbolizes her step into womanhood. Another tradition is the “last doll” ceremony. The girl is given a special doll, which she then passes to a younger sister or cousin. This act represents saying goodbye to the toys of her childhood. The party continues with music and everyone dances. The birthday girl has a special dance first with her father, and then with her friends. It is a joyful and memorable day for everyone involved. 1．What is a “quinceañera” in Mexico? A．A dance party for friends only. B．A traditional Mexican food festival. C．A wedding ceremony for young women. D．A special 15th birthday celebration, especially for girls. 2．Where does the quinceañera ceremony usually start? A．At a nearby park. B．In a church. C．In the birthday girl’s home. D．In a Mexican restaurant. 3．Who helps the girl change her shoes during the ceremony? A．Her mother. B．Her best friend. C．Her father. D．Her younger sister. 4．What is the main purpose of the “last doll” ceremony? A．To symbolize her saying goodbye to childhood. B．To celebrate her younger sister’s birthday. C．To give the girl a new toy to play with. D．To decorate the party venue. As the weather changes from day to day, sometimes it’s impossible to avoid catching a cold or the flu. However, that doesn’t mean we have to suffer terribly. Since the only way to get better from a cold is to go through the process, many natural remedies (疗法) have helped to reduce the symptoms (症状) of the common cold. If you feel cold, you should drink something warm. Add honey and lemon to hot water or tea. You will keep warm while you’re drinking tea. In traditional Chinese medicine, ginger (姜) has been used for over two thousand years. A cup of ginger tea helps to improve blood circulation and make you sweat through your body. Garlic (大蒜) is a super food. Garlic helps to fight off germs (细菌) when eaten daily. It can reduce the number of colds you get each year and shorten cold symptoms. If you don’t mind eating uncooked garlic, it’s best to eat a few pieces every three to four hours when you feel the first signs of a cold. It’s no secret that salt gets rid of germs. For a sore throat, mix about half a teaspoon of salt into warm water and use as a mouthwash. Whether it’s for breakfast, lunch or dinner, the Japanese enjoy umeboshi (梅干), sour and salty apricots (杏子) that help keep the doctor away. Using a neti pot is an old practice from India that helps people breathe better. As a mixture of salt and water pours into the nose, the germs are cleared away. Although cutting an onion (圆葱) can make you cry, it’s good for a blocked nose. People in Mexico and Spain eat hot peppers to get their sense of smell back temporarily (暂时的) during a cold. Of course, you’d better be ready to experience a wave of heat! In Korea, kimchi (泡菜) is a popular side dish that keeps people healthy. It’s made from pickled vegetables, red hot sauce and sometimes garlic and ginger. It is common to have a cold, and Mother Nature’s remedies will be there for you to lower your pain when you need to fight against that cold! 1．The passage mainly wants to tell us that ________. A．people can catch a cold and the flu in many ways B．natural remedies are helpful when people catch colds C．Mother Nature’s food can take the place of medicine D．natural food helps people fight against all the illnesses 2．According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A．a neti pot is always used to keep warm B．ginger is newly found to be good for health C．kimchi is a main dish made from vegetables D．umeboshi is a kind of salty and sour apricot that Japanese people like 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?(①=Paragraph 1) A．①/②③④⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ D．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ Many people feel nervous before speaking or performing in front of others. This feeling is often called “stage fright (舞台恐惧)”. It’s a very common kind of worry. Your heart may beat faster, your hands may feel cold and sweaty (出汗的), and you may forget what you want to say. These feelings are your body’s natural way to react to a stressful moment. It’s important to know these feelings are normal. Even famous actors and singers feel stage fright, too. The most important thing is not to let these feelings stop you from doing well. There are ways to deal with this worry. Practicing your talk or show many times can make you feel more sure of yourself. Taking deep and slow breaths before you start can also help calm your body down. Another good tip is to focus on what you want to say or your show, not on the audience (观众). Imagine you’re talking to a friend. Remember, the audience usually wants to help you and hope you do well. They probably won’t even notice you’re nervous. When you finish, you’ll probably feel very relaxed and proud. Facing what scares you can make you feel stronger and more sure of yourself next time. 1．What does the writer suggest doing to feel more confident before performing? A．Drinking a lot of water. B．Practicing many times. C．Thinking about the audience. D．Arriving at the stage late. 2．What is the main advice given in the third paragraph? A．Take deep breaths to calm down. B．Remember to eat before you perform. C．Ask someone to guide you. D．Focus on your task instead of the audience. 3．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Overcome Stage Fright B．Famous People and Their Fears C．Why Being Brave Is Important D．Different Types of Feelings In ancient China, many people made their own cloth shoes. Tangchang, a town in Sichuan Province, is quite famous for its cloth shoes. The town has over 700 years of shoe-making history. Tangchang cloth shoes are made from natural materials such as flour (面粉), cotton, cloth and wool, which are more comfortable than those with plastic soles (鞋底) in the market and they are easy to walk in and don’t get wet easily. But the process of making cloth shoes is not easy. Growing up in Tangchang, Lai Shuang is a master of making cloth shoes. The 65-year-old woman has been making shoes for 40 years. She said that there are 32 steps that go into the production of the shoes. The most important step is making the soles. Layers (层) of white cloth are glued together with paste (面糊) made from flour. “ To make the proper paste, we have to keep the heat at an exact temperature of 85℃. If it’s too low or too high, the paste will fail,” Lai said. After this,  the layered cloth is again stretched until it is tight enough to make shoes, as well as the upper parts of the shoes. Over time, sneakers (运动鞋) began to gain more popularity among consumers. Fewer and fewer people choose cloth shoes. To make a living and help the cultural heritage alive, Lai and her co-workers added Shu embroidery (刺绣) to make the shoes more fashionable. They now sell about 10, 000 pairs of shoes each year, both online and in their store. 1．What can we know about Tangchang cloth shoes? A．The shoes are expensive. B．The shoes are made from natural materials. C．There are 40 steps to produce the shoes. D．The shoes are only sold online. 2．What do Lai’s words mean? A．It is not easy to make the shoes. B．Lai is enjoying making the shoes. C．The shoes are easy to walk in and they don’t get wet easily. D．The shoes can keep warm. 3．What do Lai and her co-workers do to make a living and help the cultural heritage alive? A．By lowering the price of shoes. B．By using other materials for the shoes. C．By adding Shu embroidery to make the shoes more fashionable. D．By stopping the production of cloth shoes. On April 19, 2025, Beijing E-Town held a special half marathon (马拉松) where humans and robots ran together. Over 9,000 people and 20 robot teams from China joined the 21-kilometer race at 7:30 a.m. This event mixed sports with technology in a creative way. The robots amazed everyone with their skills. Some were tall like “Iron Man”, while others were light and moved gracefully. To walk on roads, hills, and grass, the robot runners changed their steps and used special tools to keep balance. Teams could swap batteries (替换电池) in just 10 seconds during the race, helping robots keep moving. Human helpers, like engineers, ran alongside to guide them. The winner, Tiangong Ultra (1.8 meters tall), finished in 2 hours, 40 minutes, and 42 seconds. The second-place robot, N2, kept balance well even in wind. The third-place robot, Xingzhe II (28 kg), moved like a human. Although some robots fell, they quickly stood up, making the crowd cheer. This event showed how robots and humans can work as a team. Experts called it an important step for robot technology. The race wasn’t just about speed-it encouraged young people to study science and teamwork. As one organizer said, “If humans run marathons to test their physical limits (极限), robots running marathons mark a new start for technology development.” 1．Why was the event special? A．Because it was a half marathon. B．Because it was on April 19, 2025. C．Because it was held in Beijing E-Town. D．Because humans and robots ran together. 2．Who won the half marathon in the end? A．N2. B．Iron Man. C．Tiangong Ultra. D．Xingzhe II. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．The robot runners looked the same. B．The robot runners ran faster than humans. C．When the robot runners fell, they could not continue to run. D．The robot runners marked a new start for Chinese technology development. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (安徽专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 说明文,家庭关系,意见/建议,词句猜测,主旨大意,推理判断 2 适中 说明文,发明与创造 3 适中 科普知识,说明文 4 适中 信息技术,说明文 5 较易 说明文,意见/建议,哲理感悟 6 适中 说明文,语言与文化,青少年问题 7 适中 科普知识,说明文,电影与戏剧,篇章结构,推理判断,细节理解 8 较易 说明文,环境保护,志愿服务 9 较易 说明文,情绪,意见/建议,词句猜测,主旨大意,细节理解 10 较易 说明文,文化差异 11 较易 个人庆典,说明文 12 适中 说明文,方法/策略,疾病,篇章结构,主旨大意,细节理解 13 较易 说明文,方法/策略,意见/建议 14 适中 说明文,传统工艺,推理判断,细节理解 15 容易 说明文,发明与创造,科学技术 【中考真题】 Relationships with your siblings (兄弟姐妹) can help you practice social skills. Having a good relationship with them can help you communicate with other people, and understand other people’s feelings. You can even learn things when you don’t get on with your siblings. When you have argued (争吵) with them, you have to work out how to be in the same space as them. As a result, you often learn how to accept differences. It is very useful in the outside world. It’s completely normal (正常的) that sometimes you and your sibling won’t see eye to eye. “Have a good think about why the two of you don’t get on. Try to talk when you both cool down,” says Dr. Owen, a researcher in how children develop. “Tell them how you feel. You could say, ‘It really hurts me when you make jokes about me.’ If the trouble carries on, talk to a trusted adult (成年人).” All families are different. What if you don’t have siblings? That doesn’t mean you won’t experience the advantages people get from having a brother or sister. There are ways to help only children develop these skills too. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Advantages of having siblings. B．Causes of arguing with others. C．Practices of accepting differences. D．Ways of building relationships. 2．What do the underlined words “see eye to eye” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Joke with each other. B．Hear from each other. C．Agree with each other. D．Learn from each other. 3．What will probably be talked about next? A．Why all families are different. B．When we can talk to a trusted adult. C．What is important for communication. D．How only children develop social skills. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文主要探讨了与兄弟姐妹相处对社交能力的积极影响，包括沟通技巧、情感理解及解决冲突的能力培养，并指出独生子女也可通过其他方式获得类似发展机会。 1．段落大意题。根据“Relationships with your siblings (兄弟姐妹) can help you practice social skills.”可知第一段开篇提出核心观点，即“和兄弟姐妹的关系可以帮助你练习社交技巧”，随后通过好关系和坏关系的具体例子，集中阐述拥有兄弟姐妹在沟通能力、理解他人及接受差异等方面的优势。由此可知，第一段主要介绍了拥有兄弟姐妹的好处。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“It’s completely normal (正常的) that sometimes you and your sibling won’t see eye to eye.”和“Have a good think about why the two of you don’t get on. Try to talk when you both cool down”可知，此处指兄弟姐妹间的不合，既出现不同意对方看法的情况。因此see eye to eye意为“同意彼此的看法”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“There are ways to help only children develop these skills too”可知，文章结尾明确指向独生子女发展社交技能的方法，预示下文将展开此话题。故选D。 Dennis Hong and his students design (设计) human-like robots. This includes a cooking robot called Project YORI. YORI is only the latest of Hong’s robot inventions. There’s DAVID, the world’s first and only car that can be driven by the blind. And SAFFiR, a two-legged robot that can do dangerous work that humans are often unable to do. Hong is finding plenty of work for his robots. When he was asked about his biggest success, Hong chose the robot called DARwIn-OP. He thought it was one of the most widely used human-like robots for research and education. Hong’s team made DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use. They have seen many projects using the design. And they consider it a gift to the robotics community. “Many people only want to see our successes and not the failures that came before those, but failure is simply a stepping stone in developing new technology. If you’re too afraid of failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation (创新),” said Hong. “I tell my students to try breaking the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn anything.” 1．Which robot is the most recent invention by Dennis Hong’s team? A．YORI. B．DAVID． C．SAFFiR. D．DARwIn-OP. 2．What is special about DARwIn according to the text? A．Its technology is the latest. B．It is a popular robot for the blind. C．It is the first human-like robot. D．Its design is free for anyone to use. 3．What does Dennis Hong encourage his students to do? A．Walk on the safer side. B．Do more for education. C．Keep trying and learning. D．Avoid making mistakes. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了丹尼斯·洪和他的学生设计的类人机器人。 1．细节理解题。根据“Dennis Hong and his students design (设计) human-like robots. This includes a cooking robot called Project YORI.”可知，YORI是丹尼斯·洪的团队最近发明的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Hong’s team made DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use.”可知，它的特殊之处在于它的设计对任何人都是免费的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“If you’re too afraid of failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation (创新)”和“I tell my students to try breaking the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn anything.”可推断出，丹尼斯·洪鼓励他的学生不断尝试和学习。故选C。 What makes you fall asleep? The main cause is your body clock, a time-keeper inside your body. But how to control and use your body clock? Scientists suggested having a shower before bed. Jumping into the shower around an hour before bed could mean you sleep better. A warm shower helps you relax, and then after it warms you up, your core（核心）body temperature drops. This encourages you to fall asleep more quickly and sleep more soundly. A study in 2019 said that a water temperature of 40℃ to 42. 4℃ produces the best-quality（最优质的）sleep. After people lie down, most of them take about 20 minutes to fall asleep. However, if you have a shower one to two hours before going to bed, you will fall asleep 10 minutes earlier. Core body temperature drops naturally before you sleep, then drops further during the night. It rises again as you wake up. It is thought that taking a warm shower will speed up the drop in temperature before bed, as it brings blood to the surface of the body, and then the heat is given off. 1．What did scientists suggest people do before bed to sleep better? A．Sleep an hour earlier. B．Jump into bed. C．Have a warm shower. D．Set a time clock. 2．What does the underlined word “soundly” probably mean? A．Deeply. B．Poorly. C．Kindly. D．Slowly. 3．Which water temperature produces the best-quality sleep according to the study? A．44.2℃ B．41.5℃ C．36.4℃ D．32.4℃ 4．In which part of a newspaper can you find the text? A．Art. B．Weather. C．History. D．Health. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了控制和使用的生物钟的一个方法——在睡觉前一小时左右洗一个热水澡能帮助人们睡觉。 1．细节理解题。根据“Jumping into the shower around an hour before bed could mean you sleep better”可知，建议睡觉前冲个澡，故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“This encourages you to fall asleep more quickly and sleep more soundly.”可知，能让你更快地入睡，睡得更香，所以划线单词与deeply词义相近，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“A study in 2019 said that a water temperature of 40℃ to 42. 4℃ produces the best-quality（最优质的）sleep”可知，40到42℃的水温能产生最优质的睡眠，故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了在睡觉前一小时左右洗一个热水澡能帮助人们睡觉，与健康有关，故选D。 【热点话题练习】 Today, we often see pictures created with the help of an AI tool. It seems that these pictures are real ones. Siwei Lyu, a computer scientist from America, offers some tips about how to find out whether a picture online is AI-created or not. The first step is to slow down. It only takes an AI tool 0.013 seconds to produce a picture. That may be enough to notice what it is, but not enough to think about whether it’s real or not. “Next time we see something interesting or funny, take more time to look and think about it.” Lyu says. Secondly, AI programs are trained to create pictures by looking at a large number of real ones. These programs only know what they’ve been given. They don’t know what details to pay attention to. This results in problems that are easy to find through careful checks: If there is a person in a picture, Lyu suggests looking at their hands and eyes. Today’s AI programs aren’t good at producing lifelike hands. They may have six fingers, or fingers that are in the same length or look strange. And why the eyes? Humans almost always have round pupils (瞳孔), but AI often produces strangely shaped ones. Thirdly, many AI-created pictures have unnatural smoothness where there should be textures (纹理). Things that should be straight may be curved (弯曲的). You can start looking out for AI-created pictures today. Check first before you believe anything you see! 1．Why does Lyu suggest looking at hands and eyes of a person in a picture? A．Because everyone’s eyes and hands are different. B．Because AI-created pictures always have unnatural smoothness. C．Because AI programs are not able to create lifelike hands and eyes. D．Because it takes people more time to look at their details. 2．What can we infer (推测) from the text? A．AI-created pictures are different from those real ones. B．AI-created pictures still have a long way to improve. C．AI clearly knows what it should pay attention to when creating pictures. D．AI can create pictures if they look at a large number of real ones. 3．Why does the writer write this article? A．To ask readers to think critically about the things they see online. B．To introduce the problems of AI-created pictures. C．To share some ways to tell if a picture is AI-created or not. D．To encourage readers to create some lifelike pictures. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文介绍了美国计算机科学家Siwei Lyu给出的辨别AI生成图片的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Today’s AI programs aren’t good at producing lifelike hands. They may have six fingers, or fingers that are in the same length or look strange.”以及“Humans almost always have round pupils, but AI often produces strangely shaped ones.”可知，AI程序不擅长生成逼真的手和眼睛，这是辨别AI图片的关键，所以Lyu建议观察手和眼睛。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Today’s AI programs aren’t good at producing lifelike hands”“AI often produces strangely shaped ones”“many AI-created pictures have unnatural smoothness where there should be textures”可知，AI生成图片存在诸多细节问题，说明其技术还不完善，仍有很大的改进空间。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Siwei Lyu, a computer scientist from America, offers some tips about how to find out whether a picture online is AI-created or not.”以及后文详细介绍的三个辨别方法，可知文章核心目的是分享辨别AI生成图片的方法。故选C。 ①One morning, I got up early and decided to make an apple pie for my mum. I enjoyed every step so much that I didn’t notice three hours pass by. Although the pie looked terrible and was not that delicious, Mum ate it up and told me it was the best pie that she had ever had. For the first time, I realized that although I didn’t make the pie successfully, I really enjoyed the process. ②The process is important because it brings us something bigger than the result itself. That is, we always have new experiences during the process, which may help us improve our skills or form good relationships with others. If we just concentrate on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely to feel upset and want to give up. ③But in this busy world, we see a lot of people are in competition. How can we enjoy the process? Well, the question has the answer in itself. ④Don’t always compare yourself with others. We are all different and success means different things to us. For some, success means being famous, while for others, it may be health or power. Ride your own ride. ⑤Slow down. You need to stop expecting immediate results in what you do and learn to be patient. Impatience leads to unhappiness. Do it slowly, but never stop. ⑥Reward yourself. Divide the process into small steps, and give yourself a reward after completing each of them. Rewarding yourself for small wins can go a long way. 1．How does the writer start the article? A．By giving an example. B．By comparing facts. C．By using old sayings. D．By listing numbers. 2．What do the underlined words “concentrate on” mean in paragraph 2? A．make up. B．get ready for. C．point out. D．pay attention to. 3．Which of the following is NOT a suggestion if we want to enjoy the process? A．Focus on ourselves. B．Be patient. C．Treat ourselves in time. D．Forget about the time. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? （①= paragraph 1, …） A．①②∥③④⑤∥⑥ B．①②∥③④∥⑤⑥ C．①∥②∥③∥④⑤⑥ D．①∥②∥③∥④⑤∥⑥ 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过作者做苹果派的经历引出过程的重要性，并阐述了过程比结果更能给我们带来一些东西，如新体验、技能提升和良好人际关系等，最后给出了如何享受过程的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“One morning, I got up early and decided to make an apple pie for my mum. I enjoyed every step…”可知，作者通过讲述自己早起为妈妈做苹果派，虽然派看起来糟糕且不太好吃，但妈妈吃完了还说这是她吃过的最好的派，作者由此意识到自己很享受制作过程这一例子来引出文章主题，所以作者是通过举例开始文章的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“If we just concentrate on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely to feel upset and want to give up.”可知，如果我们只……结果而不享受过程，我们更有可能感到沮丧并想要放弃，结合语境可推测出concentrate on意思是“关注，注意”，与pay attention to意思相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四至六段内容，作者提出了三条建议：①Don’t always compare yourself with others.（即Focus on ourselves）；② Slow down.（Be patient）；③ Reward yourself. Divide the process into small steps, and give yourself a reward after completing each of them.（Treat ourselves in time）。而选项D“Forget about the time”（忘记时间）在文中并未提及。因此D项不是作者的建议。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段通过具体事例引出话题；第二段提出核心观点，分析过程的重要性；第三段以设问的方式过渡，引出如何享受过程的问题；第四、五、六段分别给出享受过程的具体建议。因此文章结构为①∥②∥③∥④⑤⑥。故选C。 Have you ever felt angry while scrolling (滚动) through short videos or social media? You might think you’re just in a bad mood, but actually, you may have fallen for “rage bait”—the Oxford Word of the Year 2025. What is rage bait? It’s easy to understand: “rage” means anger, and “bait” means something to attract. So, rage bait is online content made to cause anger and upset on purpose. This term first appeared in 2002, which was used to describe a driver’s overreaction to another’s overtaking (超车) signal. Later, with the rise of the Internet, creators make it just to get more clicks, comments or shares. Rage bait has many common forms on social media that you may have met. For example, some short videos overstate (夸大) small arguments between classmates, such as “Students who refuse to share books are bullies”. There are also posts with one-sided views on popular hobbies, like “People who like this game are wasting time”. These headlines make you uncomfortable, angry and eager to comment. ▲ Teenagers react more strongly to negative feelings than positive ones. When they feel angry, their brains release a chemical called dopamine (多巴胺), which makes them want to watch more similar content and comment angrily. This creates a bad cycle: the more angry they feel, the more such content the app shows them. Some students even learn bad words or unfair opinions. In 2025, more and more people are talking about rage bait because they realize how it changes our feelings. For teenagers who often use the Internet, knowing how to deal with it properly is very important. This makes it necessary to learn some practical ways to stay away from its negative influences. 1．What can we know about rage bait from paragraph 2? ①Its meaning.    ②Its danger.    ③Its purpose.    ④Its origin. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 2．What is the best sentence to be put at ____▲____ in paragraph 3? A．But such seemingly harmless reactions may influence teenagers negatively. B．These angry reactions seem small but can make teenagers popular online. C．These angry comments can make people more interested in social media. D．It seems to serve as a way to express your feelings freely on the internet. 3．According to the article, which of the following headlines is rage bait? A．Ways to Make Friends with Classmates Easily. B．All Students Who Play Online Games Are Lazy. C．A Guide to Choosing Useful Clothes for Parties. D．Interesting Facts about Teenagers’ Hobbies. 4．What may the writer talk about after the last paragraph? A．Ways to help drivers avoid overreacting when overtaking. B．The bad influences of rage bait on teenagers’ daily lives. C．Tips for teenagers to deal with rage bait online. D．The number of people talking about rage bait in 2025. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了“rage bait”这一2025年牛津年度词汇，解释了其含义、起源、目的，阐述了其在社交媒体上的常见形式，以及它对青少年的负面影响，强调了青少年学会应对它的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“What is rage bait? It’s easy to understand: ‘rage’ means anger, and ‘bait’ means something to attract. So, rage bait is online content made to cause anger and upset on purpose.”可知介绍了“rage bait”的含义；根据“This term first appeared in 2002, which was used to describe a driver’s overreaction to another’s overtaking (超车) signal.”可知介绍了其起源；根据“Later, with the rise of the Internet, creators make it just to get more clicks, comments or shares.”可知介绍了其目的。文中未提及它的危险。所以从第二段我们能了解到“rage bait”的含义、目的和起源，即①③④。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段开头“Rage bait has many common forms on social media that you may have met.”可知此段在介绍社交媒体上“rage bait”的常见形式，再结合第四段“Teenagers react more strongly to negative feelings than positive ones... Some students even learn bad words or unfair opinions.”可知青少年对负面情绪的反应比对正面情绪更强烈，一些学生甚至学会了脏话或不公平的观点，这些都是“rage bait”对青少年的负面影响，所以“But such seemingly harmless reactions may influence teenagers negatively.”放在此处能很好地衔接上下文。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Rage bait has many common forms on social media that you may have met. For example, some short videos overstate (夸大) small arguments between classmates, such as ‘Students who refuse to share books are bullies’. There are also posts with one-sided views on popular hobbies, like ‘People who like this game are wasting time’. These headlines make you uncomfortable, angry and eager to comment.”可知“rage bait”是一些夸大事实、带有片面观点，能让人不舒服、生气并急于评论的内容。B选项“All Students Who Play Online Games are Lazy.”（所有玩网络游戏的学生都很懒）是带有片面观点，能引起他人愤怒的内容，属于“rage bait”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For teenagers who often use the Internet, knowing how to deal with it properly is very important. This makes it necessary to learn some practical ways to stay away from its negative influences.”可知对于经常上网的青少年来说，知道如何正确应对“rage bait”很重要，有必要学习一些远离其负面影响的方法，所以接下来作者可能会谈论青少年应对网上“rage bait”的技巧。故选C。 Have you seen circles, squares and triangles (三角形) everywhere in your daily life? Have you thought about their meanings in films? Much like colors, different shapes can show different features (特征) of characters in the scenes. Circles represent (象征) things that are soft and natural. The round shape reminds us of things that appear in nature, like the sun, flowers, raindrops and so on. We can also connect circles with beautiful eyes, babies’ round faces... All these things make us feel happy and warm. This is why so many cartoon characters’ bodies—heroes, kids, good people—are round in shape, because circles represent goodness, happiness and friendliness. Squares show things that are unnatural or man-made, or things that are boring or old-fashioned. In Up (《飞屋环游记》), Carl, an elderly man, has a square face and wears square glasses, while Russell, an 8-year-old boy with a round face, always wears round medals. These shapes show the characters’ personalities. Carl is stubborn (执拗的) and lonely, while Russell is lovely and full of energy. The angriest shape is the triangle. Kids who draw a monster with sharp teeth draw a row of triangles, don’t they? That’s because the shape represents fear, distrust and doubt in some way. If you look at the bad guys in cartoons, you’ll find they’re all drawn with plenty of points and triangles. And triangles are stable and don’t easily fall down. In films, this feature makes bad people difficult to deal with. Not only in cartoons, but also in other kinds of films, different shapes are used for the same purpose. So, next time you see a film, try to find the hidden shapes and you will know what the characters are like. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving an example. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Cartoon characters in round shapes can be friendly and happy. B．Cartoon characters with a square face can be lovely and full of energy. C．Cartoon characters drawn with triangles can be good and brave. D．Cartoon characters in triangles can be easy to get along with. 3．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1...) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文介绍了圆形、正方形、三角形在影视中象征的不同人物特征，解读形状与角色性格的关联。 1．推理判断题。根据“Have you seen circles, squares and triangles (三角形) everywhere in your daily life? Have you thought about their meanings in films?”可知，作者通过提出两个问题开篇，引出文章主题，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“This is why so many cartoon characters’ bodies—heroes, kids, good people—are round in shape, because circles represent goodness, happiness and friendliness.”可知，圆形的卡通角色通常象征着友善和快乐，A选项表述正确，故选A。 3．篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，①段总起提出形状在电影中具有象征意义的观点；②③④段分别介绍圆形、正方形、三角形象征的人物特征；⑤段总结呼吁观众观影时留意隐藏的形状。结构为①/②③④/⑤，对应图A的“总—分—总”结构，故选A。 Plastic pollution has become a serious issue in coastal​ (沿海的) cities. In Green City, a group of middle school students noticed that plastic bags and bottles were harming marine​ (海洋的) life. They decided to take action by launching the “Clean Ocean Project”. First, they organized beach clean-up activities every weekend. Dozens of volunteers collected plastic waste along the coastline. Then, they visited local supermarkets to encourage customers to use reusable bags. To spread their message, they created short videos and shared them on social media. The project gained support quickly. Nearby schools joined them, and even the city government provided recycling bins ​(回收箱). Within a year, the amount of plastic waste on beaches decreased by 30%. The students felt proud that their small actions had made a visible difference. 1．What was the main goal of the “Clean Ocean Project”? A．To attract tourists to the beaches. B．To reduce plastic waste in the ocean. C．To help supermarkets sell more bags. D．To teach people how to make videos. 2．How did the students promote their project? A．By selling reusable bags. B．By asking the government for money. C．By creating online videos. D．By collecting bottles every day. 3．What does the underlined word “volunteers” mean? A．People who work for payment. B．People who help willingly without pay. C．People who pollute the environment. D．People who live near the beach. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Beauty of Green City B．How to Protect Marine Life C．Students’ Fight Against Plastic Pollution D．The Importance of Social Media 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了绿城的中学生发起“清洁海洋项目”，通过一系列行动对抗塑料污染、保护海洋生物的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“a group of middle school students noticed that plastic bags and bottles were harming marine life. They decided to take action by launching the ‘Clean Ocean Project’”以及后文学生清理海滩塑料垃圾、倡导环保的行为可知，该项目的主要目的是减少海洋中的塑料垃圾。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“To spread their message, they created short videos and shared them on social media.”可知，学生们通过制作并发布网络视频的方式宣传他们的项目。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。结合上下文，学生们组织海滩清理活动，参与的人是自发来帮忙清理塑料垃圾的，结合常识可知，volunteers指的是自愿无偿提供帮助的人。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。文章通篇围绕绿城中学生发起项目对抗塑料污染、保护海洋展开，核心是学生们与塑料污染的抗争。故选C。 Everyone feels disappointed sometimes. Maybe you didn’t get the grade you wanted, your team lost an important game, or your plans for the weekend were canceled. Disappointment is a sad feeling you get when things don’t turn out as you have hoped or expected. It’s a normal part of life, especially when you’re growing up. It’s okay to feel this way. Allow yourself to feel disappointed for a little while. Don’t try to mask your feelings. Talking to a friend or family member about how you feel can often make you feel better. They might help you see things differently or just listen to you. Sometimes, writing down your thoughts in a diary can also help. After that, it helps you to think about what you can learn from the experience. Did you study the best way you could? Could you practice more for the next game? Sometimes, things are out of your control. For example, a picnic was canceled because of bad weather. When this happens, try to think of a different fun activity, like watching movies at home or playing games indoors. Remember that disappointment doesn’t last forever. Everyone faces disappointments, even successful people. What’s important is how you deal with them. Each time you get through a disappointment, you become stronger and better at handling difficult situations. New chances and happier days will always come again. 1．What is one example of disappointment given in the first paragraph? A．Breaking a favorite toy from your parents. B．Missing the school bus in the morning. C．Forgetting your best friend’s birthday. D．Losing an important game. 2．What does the underlined word “mask” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Hide. B．Create. C．Lose. D．Touch. 3．How should you deal with the things that are out of your control? A．By writing down the thoughts in a diary. B．By thinking of a different fun activity. C．By giving up trying anything new quickly. D．By waiting for someone to help you. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Disappointment will never go away. B．Successful people never feel disappointed. C．You can be stronger by learning to solve disappointment. D．It’s best to avoid situations that might cause disappointment. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了失望是生活中的正常现象，并提供了应对失望的建议，如表达情感、反思学习、调整心态等，强调通过处理失望可以变得更强大。 1．细节理解题。根据“your team lost an important game”可知，文中提到“输掉重要比赛”是失望的例子之一。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Allow yourself to feel disappointed for a little while. Don’t try to mask your feelings. Talking to a friend or family member about how you feel can often make you feel better.”可知，要允许自己失望一会，并建议和朋友或家人交谈，由此可知，是建议不要试图隐藏自己的情绪，划线单词表示“隐藏”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Sometimes, things are out of your control. ... When this happens, try to think of a different fun activity, like watching movies at home or playing games indoors.”可知，面对不可控的事情时，应想一个不同的有趣活动。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Each time you get through a disappointment, you become stronger and better at handling difficult situations.”可知，本段主要讲述通过克服失望变得更加强大。故选C。 You may hear “subway”, “underground” and “metro” when people talk about city trains. They all mean the same thing—a train system (系统) in a city. But people use them in different places. “Subway” is mostly used in American English. It comes from “sub-”, which means “under”. For example, people say “New York City Subway” or “Boston Subway”. But be careful! In the UK, “subway” usually means a “pedestrian underpass” (a road for people under the street), not the train. “Underground” is a British English word. It is often written as “Underground” because it is the official (官方的) name of London’s subway system—the “London Underground”. British people also use “tube” (like a small pipe (管道)) to talk about city trains in daily life. It is more common than “underground”. “Metro” comes from the French word “métropolitain”. It is the most common word around the world. You can hear it in Europe, Asia, Africa and other places. For example, there is the “Paris Métro”, “Beijing Metro” and “Moscow Metro”. All in all, America often uses “subway”, London uses “underground”, and “metro” works almost everywhere. Now you won’t mix them up! 1．What does “subway” usually mean in the UK? A．A city train’s name. B．A pedestrian underpass. C．A busy street. D．A train station. 2．What do the British also use to talk about city trains? A．Underground. B．Pipe. C．Tube. D．Metro. 3．Where does the word “metro” come from? A．A French word. B．A German word. C．A Chinese word. D．A Japanese word. 4．What’s the best title (标题) for this text? A．How to take a subway in different cities? B．When were city trains built in different countries? C．Why do people need city trains to travel to other countries? D．What’s the difference between “subway”, “underground” and “metro”? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了“subway”“underground”和“metro”这三个词的含义、使用地区及来源，帮助读者区分它们的用法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the UK, ‘subway’ usually means a ‘pedestrian underpass’ (a road for people under the street), not the train.”可知，在英国“subway”通常指人行地下通道。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“British people also use ‘tube’ (like a small pipe (管道)) to talk about city trains in daily life.”可知，英国人在日常生活中也用“tube”来谈论城市列车。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Metro’ comes from the French word ‘métropolitain’.” 可知，“metro”这个词来自法语单词。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章围绕“subway”“underground”和“metro”的含义、使用地区和来源展开，介绍了它们的区别。选项D“‘subway’、‘underground’和‘metro’之间有什么区别？”精准概括了这一主题。故选D。 In Mexico, a young person’s fifteenth birthday is a very important celebration, especially for girls. This birthday is called a “quinceañera”. It marks a girl’s change from childhood to a young woman. The celebration is a big event that involves (牵涉) family, friends, food, music, and dancing. The day usually starts with a special ceremony in a church (教堂) . The girl, dressed in a beautiful dress similar to a wedding gown (婚纱) , gives thanks and receives the wish. After the ceremony, there is a large party. The party venue (场所)  is often decorated with flowers and balloons. There is always lots of delicious Mexican food like tacos, tamales, and a large birthday cake. One of the most important customs during the quinceañera party is the changing of the shoes. The father of the birthday girl helps her change from flat shoes to high heels. This symbolizes her step into womanhood. Another tradition is the “last doll” ceremony. The girl is given a special doll, which she then passes to a younger sister or cousin. This act represents saying goodbye to the toys of her childhood. The party continues with music and everyone dances. The birthday girl has a special dance first with her father, and then with her friends. It is a joyful and memorable day for everyone involved. 1．What is a “quinceañera” in Mexico? A．A dance party for friends only. B．A traditional Mexican food festival. C．A wedding ceremony for young women. D．A special 15th birthday celebration, especially for girls. 2．Where does the quinceañera ceremony usually start? A．At a nearby park. B．In a church. C．In the birthday girl’s home. D．In a Mexican restaurant. 3．Who helps the girl change her shoes during the ceremony? A．Her mother. B．Her best friend. C．Her father. D．Her younger sister. 4．What is the main purpose of the “last doll” ceremony? A．To symbolize her saying goodbye to childhood. B．To celebrate her younger sister’s birthday. C．To give the girl a new toy to play with. D．To decorate the party venue. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这篇文章介绍了墨西哥独特的成人礼——quinceañera，详细描述了其仪式流程、核心习俗和文化意义，展现了墨西哥家庭对女孩步入成年的重视与庆祝。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段第1-2句“In Mexico, a young person’s fifteenth birthday is a very important celebration, especially for girls. This birthday is called a ‘quinceañera’.” 可知，quinceañera就是墨西哥女孩的15岁生日庆典。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第2段第1句“The day usually starts with a special ceremony in a church.” 可知，庆典通常以教堂里的特殊仪式开场。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第3段第2句“The father of the birthday girl helps her change from flat shoes to high heels.” 可知，是女孩的父亲帮她换鞋。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第3段最后一句“This act represents saying goodbye to the toys of her childhood.” 可知，“最后一个玩偶”仪式的目的是象征女孩告别童年。故选A。 As the weather changes from day to day, sometimes it’s impossible to avoid catching a cold or the flu. However, that doesn’t mean we have to suffer terribly. Since the only way to get better from a cold is to go through the process, many natural remedies (疗法) have helped to reduce the symptoms (症状) of the common cold. If you feel cold, you should drink something warm. Add honey and lemon to hot water or tea. You will keep warm while you’re drinking tea. In traditional Chinese medicine, ginger (姜) has been used for over two thousand years. A cup of ginger tea helps to improve blood circulation and make you sweat through your body. Garlic (大蒜) is a super food. Garlic helps to fight off germs (细菌) when eaten daily. It can reduce the number of colds you get each year and shorten cold symptoms. If you don’t mind eating uncooked garlic, it’s best to eat a few pieces every three to four hours when you feel the first signs of a cold. It’s no secret that salt gets rid of germs. For a sore throat, mix about half a teaspoon of salt into warm water and use as a mouthwash. Whether it’s for breakfast, lunch or dinner, the Japanese enjoy umeboshi (梅干), sour and salty apricots (杏子) that help keep the doctor away. Using a neti pot is an old practice from India that helps people breathe better. As a mixture of salt and water pours into the nose, the germs are cleared away. Although cutting an onion (圆葱) can make you cry, it’s good for a blocked nose. People in Mexico and Spain eat hot peppers to get their sense of smell back temporarily (暂时的) during a cold. Of course, you’d better be ready to experience a wave of heat! In Korea, kimchi (泡菜) is a popular side dish that keeps people healthy. It’s made from pickled vegetables, red hot sauce and sometimes garlic and ginger. It is common to have a cold, and Mother Nature’s remedies will be there for you to lower your pain when you need to fight against that cold! 1．The passage mainly wants to tell us that ________. A．people can catch a cold and the flu in many ways B．natural remedies are helpful when people catch colds C．Mother Nature’s food can take the place of medicine D．natural food helps people fight against all the illnesses 2．According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A．a neti pot is always used to keep warm B．ginger is newly found to be good for health C．kimchi is a main dish made from vegetables D．umeboshi is a kind of salty and sour apricot that Japanese people like 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?(①=Paragraph 1) A．①/②③④⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ D．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了多种自然疗法如何帮助缓解感冒症状。 1．主旨大意题。根据“many natural remedies (疗法) have helped to reduce the symptoms (症状) of the common cold”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述自然疗法对缓解感冒症状的帮助。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“the Japanese enjoy umeboshi (梅干), sour and salty apricots”可知，umeboshi是日本人喜欢的咸酸杏子。故选D。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，①引入主题（自然疗法缓解感冒）→②-⑤分述具体疗法（茶饮、大蒜、盐、洋葱等）→⑥总结（自然疗法减轻痛苦）。故选B。 Many people feel nervous before speaking or performing in front of others. This feeling is often called “stage fright (舞台恐惧)”. It’s a very common kind of worry. Your heart may beat faster, your hands may feel cold and sweaty (出汗的), and you may forget what you want to say. These feelings are your body’s natural way to react to a stressful moment. It’s important to know these feelings are normal. Even famous actors and singers feel stage fright, too. The most important thing is not to let these feelings stop you from doing well. There are ways to deal with this worry. Practicing your talk or show many times can make you feel more sure of yourself. Taking deep and slow breaths before you start can also help calm your body down. Another good tip is to focus on what you want to say or your show, not on the audience (观众). Imagine you’re talking to a friend. Remember, the audience usually wants to help you and hope you do well. They probably won’t even notice you’re nervous. When you finish, you’ll probably feel very relaxed and proud. Facing what scares you can make you feel stronger and more sure of yourself next time. 1．What does the writer suggest doing to feel more confident before performing? A．Drinking a lot of water. B．Practicing many times. C．Thinking about the audience. D．Arriving at the stage late. 2．What is the main advice given in the third paragraph? A．Take deep breaths to calm down. B．Remember to eat before you perform. C．Ask someone to guide you. D．Focus on your task instead of the audience. 3．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Overcome Stage Fright B．Famous People and Their Fears C．Why Being Brave Is Important D．Different Types of Feelings 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文主要说明了舞台恐惧是常见且正常的感受，并提供了克服它的具体方法，帮助读者在表演或演讲前缓解紧张，建立自信。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Practicing your talk or show many times can make you feel more sure of yourself.”可知，多次练习你的演讲或表演能让你更自信。水、想着观众、晚到舞台均未被提及为提升自信的方法，因此排除。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Another good tip is to focus on what you want to say or your show, not on the audience (观众).”可知，另一个建议是专注于你要说的内容或表演，而非观众。深呼吸是辅助放松的方法，并非该段核心建议；请人指导、表演前吃饭在该段完全未提及，因此排除。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。文章整体围绕“stage fright（舞台恐惧）”展开，先说明这种感受很常见且正常，再给出克服它的具体方法（练习、深呼吸、专注内容等），因此最佳标题是How to Overcome Stage Fright（如何克服舞台恐惧）。故选A。 In ancient China, many people made their own cloth shoes. Tangchang, a town in Sichuan Province, is quite famous for its cloth shoes. The town has over 700 years of shoe-making history. Tangchang cloth shoes are made from natural materials such as flour (面粉), cotton, cloth and wool, which are more comfortable than those with plastic soles (鞋底) in the market and they are easy to walk in and don’t get wet easily. But the process of making cloth shoes is not easy. Growing up in Tangchang, Lai Shuang is a master of making cloth shoes. The 65-year-old woman has been making shoes for 40 years. She said that there are 32 steps that go into the production of the shoes. The most important step is making the soles. Layers (层) of white cloth are glued together with paste (面糊) made from flour. “ To make the proper paste, we have to keep the heat at an exact temperature of 85℃. If it’s too low or too high, the paste will fail,” Lai said. After this,  the layered cloth is again stretched until it is tight enough to make shoes, as well as the upper parts of the shoes. Over time, sneakers (运动鞋) began to gain more popularity among consumers. Fewer and fewer people choose cloth shoes. To make a living and help the cultural heritage alive, Lai and her co-workers added Shu embroidery (刺绣) to make the shoes more fashionable. They now sell about 10, 000 pairs of shoes each year, both online and in their store. 1．What can we know about Tangchang cloth shoes? A．The shoes are expensive. B．The shoes are made from natural materials. C．There are 40 steps to produce the shoes. D．The shoes are only sold online. 2．What do Lai’s words mean? A．It is not easy to make the shoes. B．Lai is enjoying making the shoes. C．The shoes are easy to walk in and they don’t get wet easily. D．The shoes can keep warm. 3．What do Lai and her co-workers do to make a living and help the cultural heritage alive? A．By lowering the price of shoes. B．By using other materials for the shoes. C．By adding Shu embroidery to make the shoes more fashionable. D．By stopping the production of cloth shoes. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了四川唐昌镇的布鞋，其有700多年制鞋历史，由天然材料制成，制作过程复杂，随着运动鞋流行，布鞋受众减少，赖女士和同事通过添加蜀绣让布鞋更时尚，以维持生计并传承文化遗产。 1．细节理解题。根据“Tangchang cloth shoes are made from natural materials such as flour (面粉), cotton, cloth and wool”可知，唐昌布鞋是由面粉、棉花、布料和羊毛等天然材料制成的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“She said that there are 32 steps that go into the production of the shoes. The most important step is making the soles. Layers (层) of white cloth are glued together with paste (面糊) made from flour.”以及“To make the proper paste, we have to keep the heat at an exact temperature of 85℃. If it’s too low or too high, the paste will fail”可知，赖女士说制鞋有32个步骤，制作合适的面糊要把温度精确控制在85℃，温度过高或过低面糊都会失败，由此可推测出做鞋不容易。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“To make a living and help the cultural heritage alive, Lai and her co-workers added Shu embroidery (刺绣) to make the shoes more fashionable.”可知，赖女士和她的同事为了维持生计并帮助文化遗产得以传承，添加了蜀绣使鞋子更时尚。故选C。 On April 19, 2025, Beijing E-Town held a special half marathon (马拉松) where humans and robots ran together. Over 9,000 people and 20 robot teams from China joined the 21-kilometer race at 7:30 a.m. This event mixed sports with technology in a creative way. The robots amazed everyone with their skills. Some were tall like “Iron Man”, while others were light and moved gracefully. To walk on roads, hills, and grass, the robot runners changed their steps and used special tools to keep balance. Teams could swap batteries (替换电池) in just 10 seconds during the race, helping robots keep moving. Human helpers, like engineers, ran alongside to guide them. The winner, Tiangong Ultra (1.8 meters tall), finished in 2 hours, 40 minutes, and 42 seconds. The second-place robot, N2, kept balance well even in wind. The third-place robot, Xingzhe II (28 kg), moved like a human. Although some robots fell, they quickly stood up, making the crowd cheer. This event showed how robots and humans can work as a team. Experts called it an important step for robot technology. The race wasn’t just about speed-it encouraged young people to study science and teamwork. As one organizer said, “If humans run marathons to test their physical limits (极限), robots running marathons mark a new start for technology development.” 1．Why was the event special? A．Because it was a half marathon. B．Because it was on April 19, 2025. C．Because it was held in Beijing E-Town. D．Because humans and robots ran together. 2．Who won the half marathon in the end? A．N2. B．Iron Man. C．Tiangong Ultra. D．Xingzhe II. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．The robot runners looked the same. B．The robot runners ran faster than humans. C．When the robot runners fell, they could not continue to run. D．The robot runners marked a new start for Chinese technology development. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了2025年北京经开区举办的人类与机器人共同参与的半程马拉松活动。 1．细节理解题。根据“On April 19, 2025, Beijing E-Town held a special half marathon (马拉松) where humans and robots ran together.”可知，此处提及该活动特别的原因是人类和机器人一起参赛。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“The winner, Tiangong Ultra (1.8 meters tall), finished in 2 hours, 40 minutes, and 42 seconds.”可知，此处提及比赛的获胜者是Tiangong Ultra。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“‘If humans run marathons to test their physical limits (极限), robots running marathons mark a new start for technology development.’”可知，此处提及机器人参赛标志着中国科技发展的新开端。故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $