易错14 阅读理解主旨大意题（3大易错点+易错闯关练）（天津专用）2026高考英语二轮复习讲练测

易错14 阅读理解主旨大意题（3大易错点+易错闯关练） 目录 第一部分 易错点剖析............................................................................................................1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01：以偏概全................................................................................................................1 易错02：范围不当................................................................................................................5 易错03：主观臆断................................................................................................................9 第二部分 易错点闯关...........................................................................................................14 易错01：以偏概全 易错典题 【例】 （2021·天津和平·一模）By law drones are supposed to be operated within an operator's line of sight. They have to remain below an altitude of 400ft to avoid interfering with aircraft and flown at least 164ft away from people and buildings. The government has already toughened up regulations in recent years. This includes requiring all operators to pass an online test before being allowed to fly devices. Other changes to the regulations include allowing drones that weigh up to 25kg to be operated, compared with a previous limit of 20kg. 16．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Ways of operating drones. B．The requirements on drones. C．Online test on drone operators. D．Methods of making standard drones. 【答案】B 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了首次出台无人机登记的规定，其目的是保护隐私。 本题为主旨大意题。文章第五段中提到“By law drones are supposed to be operated within an operator's line of sight.（根据法律，无人机应该在操作者的视线范围内操作）”；“They have to remain below an altitude of 400ft …and flown at least 164ft away from people and buildings.”，对无人机飞行的高度和离人和建筑物的距离都做出了规定；“requiring all operators to pass an online test”，要求操作者通过在线测试；“Other changes to the regulations include allowing drones that weigh up to 25kg to be operated”，其他规定的变化还包括允许无人机的重量限制增加到25公斤。因此该段是关于无人机的一些具体的要求。故选B。 【错因分析】 A. Ways of operating drones. (操作无人机的方法)错误原因：段落并未介绍操作无人机的具体步骤或技术，而是说明法律层面的规定和限制。属于偏离主旨。 C. Online test on drone operators. (对操作者的在线测试)错误原因：在线测试只是政府加强监管的一个具体措施，是支撑主旨的细节之一。选项将其作为段落核心，犯了典型的以偏概全错误。 D. Methods of making standard drones. (制造标准无人机的方法)错误原因：段落完全未涉及无人机的制造过程或标准，属于无关信息。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 定位主旨句：重点阅读首尾段及段落首尾句，把握文章核心。 概括比对：选项若仅对应某段内容或个别例子，则可能片面。 警惕绝对细节：包含具体数字、事例的选项，常是干扰项。 【干货必记】 “以偏概全”选项的三大特征 细节当主旨 标志：选项内容原文中确实提到，但只是一个例子、一个数据或一个分论点。 口诀：只见树木，不见森林。 片面当全面 标志：选项只概括了文章某一段落或部分内容，无法覆盖全文（尤其是首尾段）。 口诀：以段代篇，范围缩水。 事实当观点 标志：选项陈述了一个文中提及的客观事实，但文章主旨是探讨该事实背后的原因、影响或意义。 口诀：就事论事，缺乏深度。 破题三看 一看首尾段：主旨句绝大多数出现在这里。 二看段落首句：快速串起文章脉络。 三看选项关键词：遇到包含具体细节、绝对化表述（如only, best, all） 或明显只对应某一段内容的选项，高度警惕！ 举一反三 1. （2021·天津南开·模拟预测） I think one of the most significant values I have gained through my experience at St. Clare’s Hospital is the importance of service. Service, involves making a difference in the lives of others and contributing to the community. Each time I end my volunteer shift, I feel better and as if I have done something worthwhile. This feeling has fueled me to continue volunteering, and has now become something I see as irreplaceable. In the past I have been frustrated by my situation, and was discouraged because I felt I might not make a significant difference due to my young age. However, I am relieved of this because I feel that through the hospital volunteer program I can try to do my part and help others. 19．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．I realized the importance of service. B．Each time I end my volunteer job, I feel better. C．Service is something irreplaceable. D．I am relieved of frustration. 【答案】 19．A 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己在圣克莱尔医院的志愿者经历帮助他在高中时期形成了积极的经验表明一个人的高中时期是他们将经历的最重要的时期之一，通常被视为塑造人生的关键时期。本题为段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“I think one of the most significant values I have gained through my experience at St. Clare’s Hospital is the importance of service. ”（我认为我在圣克莱尔医院的经历让我获得的最重要的价值之一就是服务的重要性）可知，第二段主要是讲“我”明白了服务的重要性。故选A。 2.（21-22高三上·天津南开·期末） It took more than half a century for scientists to start pinning down how many planets could possibly host life. In 1961, astronomers knew of no worlds orbiting stars other than the sun — and although planetary formation theories suggested exoplanets（系外行星） should be common, we had no observational evidence that they existed. But over the past decade, it’s become clear that planets are extremely common, outnumbering stars in the Milky Way. On average, nearly every star is home to at least one orbiting world. 26．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．The importance of planetary formation theories. B．Exoplanets are common. C．Scientists spent more than half a century to find out how many planets host life. D．Astronomers have known of no worlds orbiting stars other than the sun since 1961. 【答案】 26．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们对于银河系里宜居行星的研究。本题为主旨大意题。根据第五段中“It took more than half a century for scientists to start pinning down how many planets could possibly host life.”可知，科学家们花了半个多世纪来确定多少个行星有可能孕育生命。再根据“On average, nearly every star is home to at least one orbiting world.”可知，平均每个行星都至少有一个绕地球运行的星球。由此可知，本段主要是在讲科学家们的研究，结果表明系外行星是很常见的。故选B。 3.（20-21高一上·天津和平·月考） The scientists are unsure what let the ship sink. However, the ship's guns, which are in their"ready to fire" positions, indicate it may have been the victim of a naval battle. Since the ship dates back to the early 16th century, historians predict it may have sunk during Sweden's three year independence war with its Danish rulers between 1521 and 1523. Alternatively, it could also have been involved in the border dispute (争端) between Russia and Sweden from 1554 to 1557. 31．What's Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The damage to the ship. B．The causes of the ship's sinking. C．The construction of the ship. D．The possible function of the ship. 【答案】 31．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。一艘保存完好的沉船在冰冷的波罗的海沉睡了500多年，如今它终于得到了证实。文章介绍了这艘沉船保存完好的原因和沉没的原因，以及研究者的更多发现。本题为段落大意题。根据第四段中“The scientists are unsure what let the ship sink. However, the ship's guns, which are in their"ready to fire" positions, indicate it may have been the victim of a naval battle. ”可知，科学家们不确定是什么让这艘船沉没的。然而，舰炮处于“随时准备开火”的位置，表明它可能是海战的受害者。由此可知，第四段讲述的是“船沉没的原因。”故选B。 易错02：范围不当 易错典题 【例】（2024-2025天津高三月考） When it comes to teen mobile phone use, parents often worry about screen time and social media influence. But a new study on teenagers and their mobile phones finds that in many cases, the phone is a tool for connection, not just distraction. The study, which surveyed over 1,500 teens aged 13-17, found that 78% of teens use their phones to keep in touch with family members daily, and 65% use them to check in with friends who are going through hard times. Most teens also said their phones help them feel less lonely when they are at home alone. Of course, the study also noted that some teens spend too much time on games and short videos, which can affect their homework. But the researchers stressed that the key is to guide teens to use phones wisely, not to ban them completely. What is the main idea of the paragraph? A. Teenagers’ mobile phone use has both advantages and disadvantages B. Mobile phones have a bad influence on teenagers’ daily life C. Electronic products change the way teenagers communicate with others D. Parents should learn to control their children’s screen time strictly 答案：A 解析：本段结构清晰，先指出父母对手机使用的担忧，转而通过研究数据展示手机的积极连接作用（与家人朋友联系、减少孤独），随后客观提及潜在问题（过度使用影响作业），最后强调引导而非禁止的平衡观点。因此，段落核心在于全面呈现青少年手机使用的利与弊，选项A准确概括了这一主旨。 【错因分析】 选项 B：Mobile phones have a bad influence on teenagers’ daily life 错误类型：范围过小.原文核心既讲了手机对青少年的优势（保持家庭联系、安慰困境中的朋友、缓解孤独），也提及了弊端（沉迷游戏和短视频影响作业），是 “利弊并存” 的客观表述。该选项仅聚焦原文中 “弊端” 这一局部细节，完全忽略了 “手机作为连接工具的优势” 这一核心内容，属于把局部信息等同于全文主旨，范围远小于原文讨论的内容. 选项 C：Electronic products change the way teenagers communicate with others 错误类型：范围过大.原文的核心讨论对象是teenagers’ mobile phone use（青少年的手机使用），“mobile phone（手机）” 是具体的单一电子产品。该选项将核心对象扩大为 “Electronic products（电子产品）”，涵盖了手机、电脑、平板、游戏机等所有电子类产品，覆盖的内容远超原文实际讨论的话题，且原文仅讲手机对青少年沟通、独处的影响，并非仅聚焦 “沟通方式的改变”. 选项 D：Parents should learn to control their children’s screen time strictly 错误类型：主观臆断 + 偏离核心. 段落最后强调“引导明智使用，而非完全禁止”，并未建议“严格控制”。该选项是读者基于常识可能产生的推断，但并非作者在段落中表达的观点，属于主观臆断。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 范围过大：选项内容超出文章论述，将主题过度拔高或泛化。 标志：出现文章未提及的更大范畴，如文章谈“某地保护措施”，选项升格为“全球策略”。 范围过小：即“以偏概全”，选项仅对应文章某个细节或段落，无法覆盖全文核心。 【干货必记】 面对一个选项，立即问自己2个问题： 1.“主语”是否完全一致？ 范围过大：选项的主语比文章讨论的主体更宽泛。 例：文章讲“天津泥人张的传承与创新”，选项说“中国传统手工艺的保护”。（将“泥人张”扩大到所有“手工艺”） 范围过小：选项的主语只是文章的一部分。 例：文章讲“社交媒体对青少年社交的影响”，选项说“短视频App对青少年注意力的影响”。（将“社交媒体”缩小到“短视频App”） 2.“限定词/角度”是否精准？ 文章往往从一个特定角度讨论一个主题。正确选项必须包含这个关键角度。 例：文章讲“通过脑机接口技术帮助瘫痪患者恢复部分运动功能”。 范围过大：“科技发展为残疾人带来希望。”（丢失核心角度“脑机接口”） 范围过小：“某次实验中患者成功移动了机械手臂。”（只是一个实验细节） 精准选项：“脑机接口技术在帮助瘫痪患者恢复运动功能方面的应用与前景。” 识别两种错误选项的特征 1. 范围过大的选项特征： 表述过于空泛、正确，像一句“正确的废话”。 关键词是抽象名词（如：重要性、挑战、发展、影响），缺乏文章具体信息。 可套用于多篇同类文章，没有本文独特性。 2. 范围过小的选项特征： 主语是文中一个细节（如：具体人物、时间、数据、实验）。 内容是某一段的段落大意，或一个支撑性的例子。 使用了文章里的原词原句，极具迷惑性，但只是“碎片”。 举一反三 1.（2020·天津和平·三模）Exploration is about how we experience our most meaningful geography. A geography education without actively learning how to explore places is as frustrating as teaching music lessons without sound. Besides that, in its widest sense, exploration has the potential to be one of the most enjoyable and rewarding things we humans will ever do. It can be good for developing problem-solving, teamwork, social and other vital skills. Therefore, we should be given the opportunities to learn properly how to do it. 21．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．The way to reach full potential. B．The methods of doing exploration. C．The different attitudes to exploration. D．The importance of doing exploration. 【答案】21．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了出外探索的重要性，提出了儿童在外接触自然的时间较少的原因。最后文章从父母，医生和老师的角度提出了解决方案。本题为主旨大意题。文章第一段认为A geography education without actively learning how to explore places is as frustrating as teaching music lessons without sound（地理教育如果不积极地学习如何探索地方，就像教音乐课没有声音一样令人沮丧）。另外作者认为Besides that, in its widest sense, exploration has the potential to be one of the most enjoyable and rewarding things we humans will ever do. It can be good for developing problem-solving, teamwork, social and other vital skills（除此之外，在最广泛的意义上，探索有可能成为我们人类将要做的最愉快和最有回报的事情之一。它有助于培养解决问题、团队合作、社交和其他重要技能）。综合分析，文章第一段在告诉我们出外探索重要性。故选D项。 2.（2020·天津和平·一模）Spending over a year in the bleak (荒凉的) Antarctica might change your brain for the worse, according to new research out this month. It seems to show that polar explorers who lived for 14 months at an Antarctica research station experienced brain shrinkage, likely as a result of their loneliness and boredom. ... Still, since people will continue traveling to and from Antarctica for long periods of time, the findings are definitely worth keeping in mind and exploring further. They might even prove relevant for the rare few people who might travel as far as Mars in the future — perhaps the only similarly scientific, months-long mission that would be even more lonely. 20．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The importance of the finding. B．The disadvantage of the finding. C．The future development of the space. D．The possibility of travelling to Mars. 【答案】 20．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有研究表明，在一个孤独的地方呆了很长时间会对大脑造成损害。文介绍了这项研究的过程、相关研究人员对此的看法和这一发现的重要性。 20．主旨大意题。根据最后一段Still, since people will continue traveling to and from Antarctica for long periods of time, the findings are definitely worth keeping in mind and exploring further. They might even prove relevant for the rare few people who might travel as far as Mars in the future — perhaps the only similarly scientific, months- long mission that would be even more lonely.可知，尽管如此，由于人们将在很长一段时间内继续往返于南极洲之间，这些发现绝对值得我们牢记在心，并进行进一步的探索。他们甚至可能会被证明与未来可能远行到火星的极少数人有关——也许只有类似的科学性、长达数月的任务才会更加孤独。由此可知，最后一段主要讲了这一发现的重要性。故选A。 3. （20-21高三上·天津·期中） The researchers trained a machine-learning model to distinguish differences between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound’s intensity(强度)and frequency.Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. 4．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．why some tobacco makes louder sounds. B．why the surroundings are vital to plants. C．how important the sound’s intensity and frequency are. D．how to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. 【答案】 4．C 【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述植物在不同压力下能发出不同频率的声音，而这是人类无法用耳朵听到的。同时提及了该研究发现有可能对农业带来潜在的应用。本题为主旨大意题。根据第四段首句中的“The researchers trained a machine-learning model to distinguish differences between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound’s intensity(强度)and frequency.(研究人员训练了一个机器学习模型，以区分植物的声音与温室里的风、雨和其他噪音之间的差异，在大多数情况下根据声音的强度和频率，正确识别压力是由干燥还是割伤引起的)”可知，本段主要介绍研究人员根据声音的强度和频率来区分植物的声音和其他声音之间的差异的，突出了声音强度和频率的重要性。故选C。 易错03：主观臆断 易错典题 （2024高三·天津·专题练习） Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know（e. g. Exercise is good for you, and polluted air isn’t）. Still, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, along with the rest of us. A recent example is the phenomenon of disappearing lakes in parts of the frozen treeless Arctic（北极的） region. You might think these lakes would be expanding, not disappearing. As climate change warms the region — melting（融化）surface snow and ice as well as the permafrost（永冻层）— there should be more surface water, forming larger lakes and even new ones. Recently, however, scientists have observed not just shrinking（缩小的） lakes but lakes that have completely gone away. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．General knowledge can at times turn out to be true. B．Commonsense assumptions can sometimes prove wrong. C．Research findings should be built on popular assumptions. D．Scientific research is inspired by an unknown phenomenon. 【答案】B 【解析】本文是篇说明文。文章通过对在冰冻无树的北极地区部分湖泊消失的现象这一实例的分析，表明了直接观察自然世界对科学研究是必要的。本题为主旨大意题。根据第一段“Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know. (研究有时会用数据证明我们或多或少已经知道的事情。)”和“Still, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, along with the rest of us. (尽管如此，有时我们的假设是不正确的，科学发现让研究人员和我们其他人感到惊讶。)”可知，该段表明有时一些常识性的假设可能被证明是错误的。故选B。 【错因分析】 选项 A：General knowledge can at times turn out to be true.以偏概全，抓局部细节弃核心主旨.第一段首句仅为铺垫内容，目的是通过 “研究有时印证常识” 的常规情况，引出后文 “但有时常识假设是错误的” 这一核心观点，且后文立刻用北极湖泊的例子支撑核心观点。该选项仅聚焦首句的铺垫细节，完全忽略了段落中 “still” 转折后的核心内容，属于把局部信息等同于全段主旨. 选项 C：Research findings should be built on popular assumptions.主观臆断，过度推断且与原文相悖.原文仅客观陈述 “研究有时印证常识，有时推翻常识假设”，从未提及“研究发现应该基于大众假设” 这一观点，该选项是考生根据 “研究与常识有关联” 的表面信息，自行添加的 “应然性要求”，属于脱离原文的主观推断。同时，原文中 “北极湖泊消失的研究推翻了常识假设” 这一例子，本身就与 “研究基于常识假设” 的表述相悖，进一步说明该选项无原文依据。 选项 D：Scientific research is inspired by an unknown phenomenon.偏题，抓非核心信息且范围 / 表述失真.一方面，北极湖泊消失并非 “unknown phenomenon（未知现象）”，原文明确说明这是 “scientists have observed（科学家已观察到）” 的现象，选项对关键信息的表述与原文不符. 避错攻略 【方法总结】 核心原则：所有主旨结论均来自原文，拒绝 “常识延伸”“经验脑补”“逻辑过度推导”. 方法： 1.勾画出选项中的关键词，回到原文中寻找支撑它的多个信息点。如果只有一个细节或例子支持，而全文大部分内容在说别的，那这个选项就很可能是陷阱。 2.问自己：这篇文章是在 “介绍一个现象/研究”，还是在 “论证一个观点/推销一个理念”？主旨题常常考的是写作目的。介绍现象是客观的，论证观点是主观的。如果全文都在描述、列举、说明，那么主旨通常是中立的。 【干货必记】 做题时，遵循以下三步来锁定客观主旨： 第一步：读后自述 读完文章后，先不看选项，用一句最平实的话概括：“这篇文章主要讲了关于______的______。” 例如：“这篇文章主要讲了关于‘远程办公’的‘其优缺点及发展趋势’。” 这个自述要力求中立、基于文本。 第二步：选项“验票” 看每个选项时，像检票员一样，要求它出示“证据”。问：“这个选项的每一个关键词，在文中哪些地方有对应？” 将选项分为三类： 细节选项（只对应某一段）：排除。 主观/绝对选项（含有文中未出现的强烈判断）：警惕并优先排除。 概括性选项（能覆盖多个段落的核心信息）：进入最终审查。 第三步：态度校准 对于入围的概括性选项，进行最终检查： 文中作者是否用了大量感情色彩词？如果没有，那么选项中也不应有。 全文的结尾是开放式的，还是下了明确的结论？这决定了主旨的倾向性。 举一反三 1. （2025高三·天津·专题练习） Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. For something to be considered scientific, it must, by definition, be testable. There is a problem here: it may not need to be testable right now, but it must be testable at some point in the future by experiment. If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. What message does Paragraph 4 convey? A．Some puzzles about the universe are way beyond scientific exploration. B．Experimental research lays solid foundations for space technology. C．Boundaries of science can be pushed back with determined efforts. D．Limitations of science may result from insufficient testing. 【答案】A 【解析】文章主要探讨了科学在探索宇宙奥秘中的作用及其局限性。本题为主旨大意题。根据第四段“Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. (有时我们所遭遇的限制是根本性的。存在着一些自然法则，即便我们的大脑变得再先进，我们也可能永远无法理解。还有一些实验我们可能永远无法进行。我们或许永远无法验证是什么导致了宇宙的诞生，以及是什么导致了宇宙诞生的原因。这就是科学可能永远无法取得突破的地方)”可知，第4段传达了有些关于宇宙的谜题远远超出了科学探索的范畴。故选A。 2. （2021·天津河东·一模） Inspired by the movement to protect the Carmanah Valley and Clayoquot Sound, I decided to devote myself to producing images for conservation full-time in 1992. Since that time my work has taken me all over the world and my photos have appeared in many major magazines. However, many of my most rewarding moments have come from working on projects in British Columbia, Canada, and sharing those images in slide show tours I have given throughout Canada, the U.S. and Europe. The more I travel and photograph in other parts of the world, the more I have come to realize the wilderness we have in Canada is truly special and rare. 3．In the first paragraph, the author mainly tells us about________. A．his working experiences B．his goal as a photographer C．his skills in photographing D．his understanding about conservation 【答案】3．A 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者是一位加拿大环保摄影师，他向我们谈了他的个人工作经历、对摄影事业的理解以及一些摄影技巧。本题为主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Inspired by the movement to protect the Carmanah Valley and Clayoquot Sound…I have given throughout Canada, the U.S. and Europe.(1992年，受到保护卡尔玛纳山谷和克雷奥科特声音运动的启发，我决定全身心地投入到图像保护工作中。从那时起，我的工作带我到世界各地，我的照片出现在许多主要杂志上。然而，我的许多最有价值的时刻都来自于在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的项目工作，以及在我在加拿大、美国和欧洲各地的幻灯片放映之旅中分享这些图像)”可知，第一段主要介绍作者作为一名环保摄影者的工作经历。故选A。 3. （2021·天津河北·一模） Should we focus on our goal, or on the process? ... “After you set a goal, it’s best to shift your focus from the goal itself to the process that gives you the best chance of achieving it and to judge yourself based on how well you complete that process,” columnist Brad Stulberg wrote on the website The Cut. Ultimately, changing your attention from goals to process will cause you to achieve little victories on your way to accomplishing long-term goals. Amy Cuddy, a Harvard Business School psychology professor, wrote that focusing on this process “leaves you with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, regardless of the measurable outcome”. 11．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．Ways of judging a goal. B．Ways to set long-term goals. C．The best chance of achieving goals. D．Benefits of focusing on the process. 【答案】 11．D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要表达了作者的观点，在我们做一件事情时，不要过分专注于目标，而要更多的专注于实现目标的过程。本题为主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段内容““After you set a goal, it’s best to shit your focus from the goal itself to the process that gives you the best chance of achieving it and to judge yourself based on how well you complete that process,” columnist Brad Stulberg wrote on the website The Cut.”（专栏作家Brad Stulberg在网站the Cut上写道：“设定目标后，最好将注意力从目标本身转移到给你实现目标最好机会的过程上，并根据你完成这一过程的程度来判断自己。”）和最后一段关键句“Ultimately, changing your attention from goals to process will cause you to achieve little victories on your way to accomplishing long-term goals.”（最终，把你的注意力从目标转移到过程中，会使你在实现长期目标的道路上取得小小的胜利。）可知，在最后两段中，作者引用了专栏作家Brad Stulberg和哈佛商学院心理学教授Amy Cuddy的话，告诉我们把你的注意力从目标转移到过程中，有利于你实现长期目标。由此可知，最后两段主要讲了关注过程的好处。故选D项。 （一） （25-26高三上·天津和平·月考）Many think that language is what sets humans apart from other animals, and that for us to think, language is a decisive factor. British philosopher Bertrand Russell even claimed in 1948 that no intelligent thinking can take place without language. However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain. They are, in short, “far more independent than we imagined”, wrote ZME Science. The study, conducted by scientists from the US, explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches. First, they studied patients suffering from global aphasia, who had lost much of their ability to understand or speak due to damage to the left hemisphere of their brain. However, they can still complete complex tasks. “You can ask people with global aphasia to solve math problems or perform social reasoning tests, and as long as the instructions are non-verbal, they can succeed,” Evelina Fedorenko, one of the study’s authors from the US Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told ZME Science. The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities. In other words, we generally need language to express our thoughts but we can still think without words. So, if language isn’t necessary for thinking, then why did humans develop it? Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication. “Most of the things that you probably learned about the world, you learned through language and not through direct experience with the world,” she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary advantage. Although language does not give rise to thoughts, past research shows that how we speak can heavily influence how we think. For example, the English sentence “he fired the gun” is usually phrased as “the gun went off” in Japanese. As a result, English speakers are more likely to focus on the person responsible for an accident than Japanese speakers, according to Psychology Today. 1．What does the recent study show about language and thought? A．Language and thought work separately. B．Language is the basis of intelligent thought. C．Language and thought depend on each other. D．Language determines the complexity of thought. 2．What is the main purpose of the study mentioned in the passage? A．To prove that language is essential for intelligent thinking. B．To examine the relationship between language and thought. C．To develop new treatments for patients with global aphasia. D．To identify the brain regions responsible for non-verbal reasoning. 3．What did brain-imaging tools reveal about healthy volunteers performing non-verbal task? A．They struggled with problem-solving. B．Their language centers became overactive. C．Their language regions showed little activity. D．They would unconsciously use verbal strategies. 4．How can language serve humans, according to Fedorenko? A．It helps humans generate thoughts. B．It decides humans’ evolutionary direction. C．It replaces direct experience with the world. D．It facilitates the exchange of complicated ideas. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．Thought can operate independently from language. B．Language plays a decisive role in shaping human thought. C．Language and thought are deeply interdependent in the brain. D．The absence of language makes complex thought impossible. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究发现，语言和思维是独立的大脑功能，思维无需语言也可进行。语言主要是交流工具，帮助人类传递复杂信息获得进化优势，但思维活动与语言区域关联不大。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain. They are, in short, “far more independent than we imagined”, wrote ZME Science.(该研究发现，语言和思维是两个独立的实体，分别在大脑的不同区域运作。简而言之，它们“远比我们想象的要独立得多”，据ZME科学网站报道)”可知，最近的研究表明语言和思维是分开工作的。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain.(然而，最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究却得出了相反的结论。该研究发现，语言和思维是两个独立的实体，分别在大脑的不同区域运作)”以及第二段“The study, conducted by scientists from the US, explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches.(这项研究由来自美国的科学家开展，他们通过两种研究方法来探究语言与思维之间的关系)”可知，文章提到的这项研究的主要目的是探究语言和思维之间的关系。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities.(研究人员还利用脑成像技术对健康志愿者的大脑进行了研究，观察他们在完成诸如解谜和规划等非语言任务时的情况。结果发现，在这些活动中，大脑的语言区域大多处于不活跃状态)”可知，大脑成像工具显示，健康志愿者在进行非语言任务时，他们的大脑语言区域几乎没有活动。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication. “Most of the things that you probably learned about the world, you learned through language and not through direct experience with the world,” she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary advantage.(Fedorenko表示，语言主要是一种交流工具。“你对世界的大部分认知，都是通过语言而非直接与世界接触所获得的，”她说。通过借助语言来传递复杂信息，人类获得了进化上的优势)”可知，根据Fedorenko的说法，语言可以促进复杂思想的交流，从而为人类服务。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain.(然而，最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究却得出了相反的结论。该研究发现，语言和思维是两个独立的实体，分别在大脑的不同区域运作)”以及文章主要介绍了语言和思维之间的关系，研究表明，思维可以在没有语言的情况下独立运作。A选项“思想可以独立于语言而存在”概括文章主要内容，符合题意。故选A项。 （二） （25-26高三上·天津·月考）Like many teens, I often felt that my best friend was my diary. I’d enter my bedroom in a terrible mood, but as the sentences took shape on the page, whatever was troubling me no longer felt like quite as much of a disaster. I wasn’t able to remove my deep sadness, but often I felt calmer. These moments always brought to mind a scene in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, in which the headteacher at Hogwarts, AI bus Hogwarts, takes out upsetting memories with his magic stick and places them in a shallow bowl called the “Pensieve”. In this way, he can view things without emotional interference (干扰). Writing, for me, provided the same relief. As a science writer, I have been delighted to discover that the practice not only comforts a troubled soul but also improves physical health. Given these benefits, the question arises: Why is writing so stress- relieving in the first place? One possibility is that externalizing our thoughts gives us more head space to think about other things. We now know that simply writing a to- do list can release people’s cognitive (认知的) resources for other activities, as it reduces the amount of information in their minds. This eases stress and if done before bedtime, it can even improve sleep. However, no single way will suit everyone: writing is just one tool and some may be unwilling to set out their feelings in detail. If you’d like to include it in your own mental first aid kit, though, there are some ways to maximize its benefits. When writing about your experiences, try to keep some natural flow in a story-like way. For example, briefly describe what happened and what led to the situation. Clearly state the emotions you feel — whether it’s annoyance, depression, disappointment, or something else. Identifying these feelings accurately can help you understand them better. Also, think about how the situation shows your positive qualities or what you care about, like showing strength or kindness, or realizing how important certain friendships are. 6．What can we know about the author when he was a teenager? A．He was unpopular with friends. B．He was active in social activities. C．He tended to hide his true feelings. D．He had a way to adjust his emotions. 7．Why does Hogwarts use the Pensieve according to paragraph 2? A．To share memories with others. B．To awake delighted memories. C．To observe memories objectively. D．To find inspiration for teaching. 8．Writing gives us more space to think about other things by _________. A．changing memory patterns B．freeing up mental capacity C．seeking comfort from others D．generating more cognitive confidence 9．What can be inferred about writing as a stress- relief method? A．It is a one-size-fits-all solution. B．It requires professional guidance. C．Its role has been universally proven. D．Its effect varies from person to person. 10．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．Suggestions on expressive writing. B．Strategies for managing daily stress. C．Importance of developing real friendship. D．Reflections on interpersonal relationships. 【答案】6．D 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述作者青少年时以写日记调节情绪，指出写作能减压、有益身心健康，并分析其原理，还给出了提升写作减压效果的实用建议。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段“Like many teens, I often felt that my best friend was my diary. I’d enter my bedroom in a terrible mood, but as the sentences took shape on the page, whatever was troubling me no longer felt like quite as much of a disaster. I wasn’t able to remove my deep sadness, but often I felt calmer. (和许多青少年一样，我常常觉得我的挚友就是我的日记。我心情糟糕地走进卧室，但当文字在纸上逐渐成形时，困扰我的那些事情就不再那么令人感到绝望了。我无法消除内心的深深悲伤，但很多时候我却感觉平静了一些。)”可知，作者有调节情绪的方法。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段“In this way, he can view things without emotional interference (干扰). (这样一来，他就能够不受情绪干扰地审视事物了。)”可知，霍格沃茨的校长使用冥想镜是为了客观地观察记忆。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段“We now know that simply writing a to- do list can release people’s cognitive (认知的) resources for other activities, as it reduces the amount of information in their minds. (我们现在了解到，仅仅列出待办事项清单就能释放人们的认知资源，使其能够用于其他活动，因为这样做能减少他们头脑中的信息量。)”可知，写作让我们有更多空间去思考其他事情，因为它能释放我们的思维空间。故选B。 9．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, no single way will suit everyone: writing is just one tool and some may be unwilling to set out their feelings in detail. (然而，没有一种方式能适用于所有人：写作只是其中一种手段，有些人可能不愿意详细地表达自己的情感。)”可知，写作作为一种缓解压力的方法，其效果因人而异。故选D。 10．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“When writing about your experiences, try to keep some natural flow in a story-like way. For example, briefly describe what happened and what led to the situation. Clearly state the emotions you feel — whether it’s annoyance, depression, disappointment, or something else. Identifying these feelings accurately can help you understand them better. Also, think about how the situation shows your positive qualities or what you care about, like showing strength or kindness, or realizing how important certain friendships are. (撰写个人经历时，尽量用类似讲故事的方式，让内容自然流畅。比如，简要描述事件的经过以及导致该情况发生的缘由。清晰地表达你内心的情绪 —— 无论是烦躁、沮丧、失望，还是其他感受。准确地识别这些情绪，能帮助你更好地理解自己的内心状态。同时，思考一下这件事如何体现出你的优良品质或你所珍视的事物，比如展现出的勇气与善良，或是让你意识到某些友谊的珍贵之处。)”可知，最后一段主要讲了关于表达性写作的建议。故选A。 （三） （25-26高三上·天津·月考）Erica Solove remembers December 30, 2021, like it was yesterday. She was at home in Superior, Colorado, a Boulder suburb at the foot of the Rockies. “It was an extremely windy day,” she says. “Hurricane-force winds. And we quickly realized it’s not just wind coming down the mountain — it’s fire.” She grabbed her napping two-year-old daughter out of her crib while her husband scooped up their five-year-old son. The family got in the car, struggling to open the doors against the wind, and fled without wallets, coats, or even shoes. She remembers how half the sky was black with smoke, while the other half was a bright crystalline blue. They were fleeing the Marshall Fire, the costliest in Colorado history. Her family lost everything. In the early weeks after the disaster, Solove experienced panic attacks on windy days, and the kids went to trauma therapy. “What an absolute nightmare,” she says. But three years later, Solove, an organizational psychologist, says she feels stronger than before, even “triumphant.” She now finds it easier to put little stressors in perspective. Her life has grown richer in some ways: She and her neighbors became as close as extended family. Solove’s Marshall Fire story is an example of what researchers call Post-Traumatic (创伤) Growth (PTG) — a term first coined in 1995. Studies have consistently found that on average, between half and two-thirds of survivors report positive changes and a new life outlook after a tragedy or crisis. Resilience can be defined broadly as “bouncing back” from adversity, returning to how you were before the hardship struck. When people experience post-traumatic growth, by contrast, they identify improvements in their lives. Recently, researchers have been finding brain structures that correlate with this kind of growth. And they’ve been unearthing new social and community factors and personal behaviors contribute to fostering it. The researchers also stress that you don’t need to go through extreme hardship yourself to draw lessons from the phenomenon of post-traumatic growth. We all face some level of adversity, and the experiences of people like Solove hold inspiration for anyone looking to build a more satisfying, connected, joyful life. 11．What can we learn about the Marshall Fire from the passage? A．It happened in a city far from the Rockies. B．It caused no harm to Solove’s family except property loss. C．It was the most expensive fire disaster in Colorado’s history. D．It broke out on a quiet, windless day. 12．Why does the author include Erica’s personal story in the passage? A．To showcase transformative effects of tragedy B．To establish emotional connection with readers C．To demonstrate the psychological findings D．To provide background on trauma research 13．What does the last paragraph convey? A．Highlight the accessibility of PTG principles B．The universality of confronting obstacles C．Learn from others’ traumatic experiences D．Draw strength from everyday challenges 14．What does Erica Solove’s experience show? A．Always have, always will. B．A blessing in disguise. C．The beginning of one thing can be the rest of everything. D．Our greatest glory is in rising every time when we fall. 15．According to the description and curve, which one is true according to the passage? A．I  Ⅱ B．I  Ⅲ C．Ⅱ  Ⅲ D．Ⅲ  Ⅳ 【答案】11．C 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章借Erica经历火灾后创伤后成长的事例，介绍创伤后成长（PTG）的概念、相关研究及启示。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They were fleeing the Marshall Fire, the costliest in Colorado history.(他们正在逃离马歇尔大火，这是科罗拉多州历史上代价最高的火灾)”可知，它是科罗拉多州历史上最昂贵的火灾灾难。故选C。 12．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Solove’s Marshall Fire story is an example of what researchers call Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) — a term first coined in 1995.(索洛维的马歇尔火灾故事是研究人员所说的创伤后成长（PTG）的一个例子——这个术语最早是在 1995 年提出的)”可知，作者用她的故事是为了展示这一心理学发现。故选C。 13．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“The researchers also stress that you don’t need to go through extreme hardship yourself to draw lessons from the phenomenon of post-traumatic growth. We all face some level of adversity, and the experiences of people like Solove hold inspiration for anyone looking to build a more satisfying, connected, joyful life.(研究人员还强调，你不需要亲身经历极端困难就能从创伤后成长的现象中吸取教训。我们都会面临一定程度的逆境，而像索洛维这样的人的经历，对任何想要构建更令人满意、更有联结、更快乐的生活的人来说都有启发)”可知，该段强调了PTG原则的可获得性。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But three years later, Solove, an organizational psychologist, says she feels stronger than before, even “triumphant.” She now finds it easier to put little stressors in perspective. Her life has grown richer in some ways: She and her neighbors became as close as extended family.(但三年后，身为组织心理学家的索洛维说，她感觉比以前更强大，甚至“胜利了”。她现在更容易正确看待小压力。她的生活在某些方面变得更丰富了：她和邻居的关系变得像大家庭一样亲密)”可知，Erica 的经历体现了“塞翁失马，焉知非福”的道理。故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Studies have consistently found that on average, between half and two-thirds of survivors report positive changes and a new life outlook after a tragedy or crisis.(研究一致发现，平均而言，一半到三分之二的幸存者在经历悲剧或危机后，会报告积极的变化和新的生活展望)”可知，I选项“one third of survivors(三分之一的幸存者)”表述错误；根据第五段中“Resilience can be defined broadly as “bouncing back” from adversity, returning to how you were before the hardship struck.(韧性大致可以定义为从逆境中“反弹”，回到困境发生前的状态)”可知，曲线可体现Ⅱ选项“resilience(韧性)”；根据第四段中“Solove’s Marshall Fire story is an example of what researchers call Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) — a term first coined in 1995. Studies have consistently found that on average, between half and two-thirds of survivors report positive changes and a new life outlook after a tragedy or crisis.(索洛维的马歇尔火灾故事是研究人员所说的创伤后成长（PTG）的一个例子 —— 这个术语最早是在 1995 年提出的。多项研究一致表明，在灾难或危机发生后，平均有超过一半到三分之二的幸存者会报告出现积极的变化，并拥有全新的生活态度)”可知，曲线可体现Ⅲ选项“the process of PTG works(PTG运行的过程)”；根据第三段中“she feels stronger than before, even “triumphant.”(她感觉比以前更强大，甚至“胜利了”)”可知，Ⅳ选项“Erica’s emotion(Erica的情绪)”的曲线未对应。因此Ⅱ和Ⅲ正确。故选C。 （四） （21-22高三上·天津·期末）For many men, the idea that they have a better sense of direction than women has been improved by a scientific study． Researchers from Norway scanned the brains of volunteers as they completed navigation tasks to discover men are more skillful at finding their way because they use a separate part of their brain．According to lead researcher Dr．Carl Pintzka from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology（NTNU）, men and women have different navigational strategies． Men use basic directions-the use of north, south, east and west-during navigation to a greater degree．Men's sense of direction was more effective.They quite simply got to their destination faster．"If they're going to the Student Society building in Trondheim, for example, men usually go in the general direction where it's located．" Dr．Pintzka explained． Women usually orient（标定方向） themselves along a route to get there, for example, go past the hairdresser and then up the street and turn right after the store． The study shows that using basic directions is more efficient because it is a more flexible strategy．The destination can be reached faster because the strategy depends less on where you start． Meanwhile, the study also shows both men and women use large areas of the brain when they navigate, but some areas are different．The men use the hippocampus more, whereas women use their frontal areas to a greater extent．That agrees with the fact that the hippocampus is necessary to make use of basic directions．Losing one's sense of direction is one of the first symptoms in Alzheimer's disease． Understanding how men and women use different brain areas and strategies to navigate, researchers will be able to enhance the understanding of the disease's development, and develop coping strategies for those already affected． 16．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．It makes no sense to use basic directions according to the research． B．Men use basic directions more skillfully than women． C．Men prefers to form different images of road conditions． D．Women tend to use a separate part of the brain while navigating． 17．What strategy do men usually take to find a place? A．Finding out all possible routes． B．Remembering all the landmarks． C．Making out the general direction． D．Drawing a general map of the place． 18．Why is man's strategy more efficient? A．it is much easier to be carried out． B．it is more helpful to identify roads． C．it is simpler for telling directions． D．it is less limited by the starting place． 19．We can learn from Paragraph 6 that hippocampus _______________． A．appears to be more powerful in men B．is adopted more often used by women C．is important in using basic directions D．is the production of Alzheimer's disease 20．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Getting to the destination is no more a difficult thing． B．Men have a better sense of direction than women． C．Alzheimer's disease can be prevented effectively． D．Hippocampus is playing a key role in navigation． 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．D 19．C 20．B 【解析】本文是说明文，主要介绍了男性的方向感要比女性更好的科学原理。 16．细节理解题。根据第三段“Men use basic directions-the use of north, south, east and west-during navigation to a greater degree．”（ 男性在导航时更大程度上使用基本的方向，即使用东西南北方向。）可知，男性在使用基本指示方面比女性更熟练。故选B项。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段“If they're going to the Student Society building in Trondheim, for example, men usually go in the general direction where it's located”（ 例如，如果男性要去特隆赫姆的学生社团大楼，他们通常会走大致的方向。）可知，男性主要是通过确定大概的方位来寻找具体的地点的。故选C项。 18．细节理解题。根据第五段“The study shows that using basic directions is more efficient because it is a more flexible strategy．The destination can be reached faster because the strategy depends less on where you start．”（研究表明，使用基本方向更有效，因为这是一种更灵活的策略。你可以更快地到达目的地，因为你的策略对起点的依赖更小。）可知，男性确定方位的方法不受开始的方位的影响，更加灵活。故选D项。 19．细节理解题。根据第六段“That agrees with the fact that the hippocampus is necessary to make use of basic directions”（ 这与海马体在使用基本方向时是必要的这一事实是一致的。）可知，海马体在使用基本方向时很重要。故选C项。 20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“For many men, the idea that they have a better sense of direction than women has been improved by a scientific study．”（对许多男人来说，他们的方向感比女人强的观点已经被一项科学研究证实了。）再结合下文陈述的研究结果可知，本文主要讲述男人的方向感比女性更好，在下文中给出了科学的解释。故选B项。 （五） （25-26高二上·天津·期中）My life experience is anything but ordinary. Raised by my hardworking single mother on Australia's Gold Coast, I was encouraged to pursue higher education. Though I ranked top academically, my passion was cooking, a path my mother hesitated to support due to its challenges. To please her, I attended university while working part-time as a chef. However, my love for the kitchen soon surpassed my studies, and I dropped out to pursue cooking full-time. Over the next 12 years, I climbed the ranks as a chef, landing head chef positions in North Queensland. Life seemed perfect — I was engaged, had great friends and enjoyed stability. Yet, a lingering restlessness (挥之不去的焦躁感) grew within me. A trip to Bali became a turning point. I realized I desired something beyond conventional (守旧) existence. Despite guilt, I walked away from my settled life, returning to my mother's home on the Gold Coast. Soon, I fell back into old patterns — working in kitchens and feeling unfulfilled. Then, Instagram changed everything. As an early user, I poured my creativity into the platform, discovering a talent for photography and storytelling. By 2012, my audience grew to 200,000 followers, and tourism boards began reaching out. Recognizing the opportunity, I quit my job to pursue travel photography and social media full-time. The early days were tough. I created a “solo influencer package”, offering brands social media content, photography and campaign reports. As a pioneer in Australia's influencer market, my services became highly popular. I traveled on and on-50 trips a year at my peak-while expanding into consulting, public speaking, and project management. Now, I run a multifaceted (多层面) business, including photography, social media, and travel. I co-founded the Travel Bootcamp, teaching others to build careers in the industry, and launched an online photography course for beginners. Next year, I'll lead my first photography tour in Zimbabwe, my wife's homeland, combining my passions with conservation and community support. My journey has been challenging yet deeply fulfilling. Money is no longer the main driver — instead, I seek meaningful experiences and opportunities to inspire others. What began as a small idea has grown into a life of adventure, creativity and purpose. 21．What does the underlined word “surpassed” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Went beyond. B．Broke up. C．Continued. D．Improved. 22．Why did the author quit his job in North Queensland? A．He wanted to make a trip to Bali. B．He didn't enjoy working in the kitchen. C．He was eager to experience more in life. D．He preferred to live a conventional life. 23．How did the author's mother treat his choice of career? A．She eventually accepted her son's choice of career. B．She never supported her son's interest in cooking. C．She encouraged him to continue his university studies. D．She was the reason why he gave up his job in Queensland. 24．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．Why Instagram changed the author's mindset. B．Why followers liked to read the author's posts. C．How Internet benefited millions of online users. D．How the author started a career as a solo influencer. 25．What message does the text convey? A．Big results require big ambitions. B．The future is built on great ideas. C．Bravery never goes out of fashion. D．Your heart is the birthplace of dreams. 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者不平凡的人生经历，从厨师长到创业者的华丽蜕变，告诉我们要勇敢追求梦想，创造精彩生活的人生道理。 21．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中划线词surpassed后文的内容“and I dropped out to pursue cooking full-time. (我辍学了去做全职厨师)”可知，划线词后文提到作者选择辍学了，去做全职厨师，故可推知划线词surpassed与A项“Went beyond(超过，超越)”意思相近，因为作者对厨房的热爱很快超过了学业，因此而选择辍学，做了全职厨师。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Life seemed perfect — I was engaged, had great friends and enjoyed stability. Yet, a lingering restlessness (挥之不去的焦躁感) grew within me. A trip to Bali became a turning point. I realized I desired something beyond conventional (守旧) existence. (生活似乎很完美——我订了婚，有很好的朋友，生活也很稳定。然而，我内心却越来越感到不安。去巴厘岛旅行成为了一个转折点。我意识到我渴望超越传统的生活方式。)”可知，作者辞去在昆士兰北部的工作是因为他渴望体验更多的人生即渴望超越传统的生活方式。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Despite guilt, I walked away from my settled life, returning to my mother's home on the Gold Coast. (即使感到羞愧，但我还是离开了稳定的生活，回到了在黄金海岸的母亲的家。)”可知，作者的母亲最初希望他接受高等教育，并不支持他选择烹饪职业，但作者在放弃长期从事的烹饪职业后，回到了母亲家居住，由此可推知，作者与母亲的关系没有决裂，因此母亲最终同意了作者烹饪职业的选择。故选A。 24．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段中的“The early days were tough. I created a “solo influencer package”, offering brands social media content, photography and campaign reports. As a pioneer in Australia's influencer market, my services became highly popular. (早期很艰难。我创建了一个“个人网红套餐”，为品牌提供社交媒体内容、摄影和宣传活动报告。作为澳大利亚网红市场的先驱，我的服务变得非常受欢迎。)”可知，本段主要讲述了作者的网络生涯的经历，即是如何开始他的个人网红职业生涯的。故选D。 25．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“My journey has been challenging yet deeply fulfilling. Money is no longer the main driver — instead, I seek meaningful experiences and opportunities to inspire others. What began as a small idea has grown into a life of adventure, creativity and purpose. (我的旅程充满挑战却又意义深远。金钱不再是主要动力——相反，我寻求有意义的经历和机会来激励他人。一个小小的想法已经发展成为充满冒险、创造力和目标的一生。)”可知，本文传达的信息是因为作者内心渴望体验更多人生，尝试超越传统的生活方式，由此激发作者追求的人生旅程充满挑战但又极具成就感，不断地追求有意义的经历和机会。故D选项“Your heart is the birthplace of dreams. (你的内心是梦想的发源地。)”符合题意。故选D。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错14 阅读理解主旨大意题（3大易错点+易错闯关练） 目录 第一部分 易错点剖析............................................................................................................1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01：以偏概全................................................................................................................1 易错02：范围不当................................................................................................................4 易错03：主观臆断................................................................................................................8 第二部分 易错点闯关...........................................................................................................11 易错01：以偏概全 易错典题 【例】 （2021·天津和平·一模）By law drones are supposed to be operated within an operator's line of sight. They have to remain below an altitude of 400ft to avoid interfering with aircraft and flown at least 164ft away from people and buildings. The government has already toughened up regulations in recent years. This includes requiring all operators to pass an online test before being allowed to fly devices. Other changes to the regulations include allowing drones that weigh up to 25kg to be operated, compared with a previous limit of 20kg. 16．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Ways of operating drones. B．The requirements on drones. C．Online test on drone operators. D．Methods of making standard drones. 【答案】B 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了首次出台无人机登记的规定，其目的是保护隐私。 本题为主旨大意题。文章第五段中提到“By law drones are supposed to be operated within an operator's line of sight.（根据法律，无人机应该在操作者的视线范围内操作）”；“They have to remain below an altitude of 400ft …and flown at least 164ft away from people and buildings.”，对无人机飞行的高度和离人和建筑物的距离都做出了规定；“requiring all operators to pass an online test”，要求操作者通过在线测试；“Other changes to the regulations include allowing drones that weigh up to 25kg to be operated”，其他规定的变化还包括允许无人机的重量限制增加到25公斤。因此该段是关于无人机的一些具体的要求。故选B。 【错因分析】 A. Ways of operating drones. (操作无人机的方法)错误原因：段落并未介绍操作无人机的具体步骤或技术，而是说明法律层面的规定和限制。属于偏离主旨。 C. Online test on drone operators. (对操作者的在线测试)错误原因：在线测试只是政府加强监管的一个具体措施，是支撑主旨的细节之一。选项将其作为段落核心，犯了典型的以偏概全错误。 D. Methods of making standard drones. (制造标准无人机的方法)错误原因：段落完全未涉及无人机的制造过程或标准，属于无关信息。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 定位主旨句：重点阅读首尾段及段落首尾句，把握文章核心。 概括比对：选项若仅对应某段内容或个别例子，则可能片面。 警惕绝对细节：包含具体数字、事例的选项，常是干扰项。 【干货必记】 “以偏概全”选项的三大特征 细节当主旨 标志：选项内容原文中确实提到，但只是一个例子、一个数据或一个分论点。 口诀：只见树木，不见森林。 片面当全面 标志：选项只概括了文章某一段落或部分内容，无法覆盖全文（尤其是首尾段）。 口诀：以段代篇，范围缩水。 事实当观点 标志：选项陈述了一个文中提及的客观事实，但文章主旨是探讨该事实背后的原因、影响或意义。 口诀：就事论事，缺乏深度。 破题三看 一看首尾段：主旨句绝大多数出现在这里。 二看段落首句：快速串起文章脉络。 三看选项关键词：遇到包含具体细节、绝对化表述（如only, best, all） 或明显只对应某一段内容的选项，高度警惕！ 举一反三 1. （2021·天津南开·模拟预测） I think one of the most significant values I have gained through my experience at St. Clare’s Hospital is the importance of service. Service, involves making a difference in the lives of others and contributing to the community. Each time I end my volunteer shift, I feel better and as if I have done something worthwhile. This feeling has fueled me to continue volunteering, and has now become something I see as irreplaceable. In the past I have been frustrated by my situation, and was discouraged because I felt I might not make a significant difference due to my young age. However, I am relieved of this because I feel that through the hospital volunteer program I can try to do my part and help others. 19．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．I realized the importance of service. B．Each time I end my volunteer job, I feel better. C．Service is something irreplaceable. D．I am relieved of frustration. 2.（21-22高三上·天津南开·期末） It took more than half a century for scientists to start pinning down how many planets could possibly host life. In 1961, astronomers knew of no worlds orbiting stars other than the sun — and although planetary formation theories suggested exoplanets（系外行星） should be common, we had no observational evidence that they existed. But over the past decade, it’s become clear that planets are extremely common, outnumbering stars in the Milky Way. On average, nearly every star is home to at least one orbiting world. 26．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．The importance of planetary formation theories. B．Exoplanets are common. C．Scientists spent more than half a century to find out how many planets host life. D．Astronomers have known of no worlds orbiting stars other than the sun since 1961. 3.（20-21高一上·天津和平·月考） The scientists are unsure what let the ship sink. However, the ship's guns, which are in their"ready to fire" positions, indicate it may have been the victim of a naval battle. Since the ship dates back to the early 16th century, historians predict it may have sunk during Sweden's three year independence war with its Danish rulers between 1521 and 1523. Alternatively, it could also have been involved in the border dispute (争端) between Russia and Sweden from 1554 to 1557. 31．What's Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The damage to the ship. B．The causes of the ship's sinking. C．The construction of the ship. D．The possible function of the ship. 易错02：范围不当 易错典题 【例】（2024-2025天津高三月考） When it comes to teen mobile phone use, parents often worry about screen time and social media influence. But a new study on teenagers and their mobile phones finds that in many cases, the phone is a tool for connection, not just distraction. The study, which surveyed over 1,500 teens aged 13-17, found that 78% of teens use their phones to keep in touch with family members daily, and 65% use them to check in with friends who are going through hard times. Most teens also said their phones help them feel less lonely when they are at home alone. Of course, the study also noted that some teens spend too much time on games and short videos, which can affect their homework. But the researchers stressed that the key is to guide teens to use phones wisely, not to ban them completely. What is the main idea of the paragraph? A. Teenagers’ mobile phone use has both advantages and disadvantages B. Mobile phones have a bad influence on teenagers’ daily life C. Electronic products change the way teenagers communicate with others D. Parents should learn to control their children’s screen time strictly 答案：A 解析：本段结构清晰，先指出父母对手机使用的担忧，转而通过研究数据展示手机的积极连接作用（与家人朋友联系、减少孤独），随后客观提及潜在问题（过度使用影响作业），最后强调引导而非禁止的平衡观点。因此，段落核心在于全面呈现青少年手机使用的利与弊，选项A准确概括了这一主旨。 【错因分析】 选项 B：Mobile phones have a bad influence on teenagers’ daily life 错误类型：范围过小.原文核心既讲了手机对青少年的优势（保持家庭联系、安慰困境中的朋友、缓解孤独），也提及了弊端（沉迷游戏和短视频影响作业），是 “利弊并存” 的客观表述。该选项仅聚焦原文中 “弊端” 这一局部细节，完全忽略了 “手机作为连接工具的优势” 这一核心内容，属于把局部信息等同于全文主旨，范围远小于原文讨论的内容. 选项 C：Electronic products change the way teenagers communicate with others 错误类型：范围过大.原文的核心讨论对象是teenagers’ mobile phone use（青少年的手机使用），“mobile phone（手机）” 是具体的单一电子产品。该选项将核心对象扩大为 “Electronic products（电子产品）”，涵盖了手机、电脑、平板、游戏机等所有电子类产品，覆盖的内容远超原文实际讨论的话题，且原文仅讲手机对青少年沟通、独处的影响，并非仅聚焦 “沟通方式的改变”. 选项 D：Parents should learn to control their children’s screen time strictly 错误类型：主观臆断 + 偏离核心. 段落最后强调“引导明智使用，而非完全禁止”，并未建议“严格控制”。该选项是读者基于常识可能产生的推断，但并非作者在段落中表达的观点，属于主观臆断。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 范围过大：选项内容超出文章论述，将主题过度拔高或泛化。 标志：出现文章未提及的更大范畴，如文章谈“某地保护措施”，选项升格为“全球策略”。 范围过小：即“以偏概全”，选项仅对应文章某个细节或段落，无法覆盖全文核心。 【干货必记】 面对一个选项，立即问自己2个问题： 1.“主语”是否完全一致？ 范围过大：选项的主语比文章讨论的主体更宽泛。 例：文章讲“天津泥人张的传承与创新”，选项说“中国传统手工艺的保护”。（将“泥人张”扩大到所有“手工艺”） 范围过小：选项的主语只是文章的一部分。 例：文章讲“社交媒体对青少年社交的影响”，选项说“短视频App对青少年注意力的影响”。（将“社交媒体”缩小到“短视频App”） 2.“限定词/角度”是否精准？ 文章往往从一个特定角度讨论一个主题。正确选项必须包含这个关键角度。 例：文章讲“通过脑机接口技术帮助瘫痪患者恢复部分运动功能”。 范围过大：“科技发展为残疾人带来希望。”（丢失核心角度“脑机接口”） 范围过小：“某次实验中患者成功移动了机械手臂。”（只是一个实验细节） 精准选项：“脑机接口技术在帮助瘫痪患者恢复运动功能方面的应用与前景。” 识别两种错误选项的特征 1. 范围过大的选项特征： 表述过于空泛、正确，像一句“正确的废话”。 关键词是抽象名词（如：重要性、挑战、发展、影响），缺乏文章具体信息。 可套用于多篇同类文章，没有本文独特性。 2. 范围过小的选项特征： 主语是文中一个细节（如：具体人物、时间、数据、实验）。 内容是某一段的段落大意，或一个支撑性的例子。 使用了文章里的原词原句，极具迷惑性，但只是“碎片”。 举一反三 1.（2020·天津和平·三模）Exploration is about how we experience our most meaningful geography. A geography education without actively learning how to explore places is as frustrating as teaching music lessons without sound. Besides that, in its widest sense, exploration has the potential to be one of the most enjoyable and rewarding things we humans will ever do. It can be good for developing problem-solving, teamwork, social and other vital skills. Therefore, we should be given the opportunities to learn properly how to do it. 21．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．The way to reach full potential. B．The methods of doing exploration. C．The different attitudes to exploration. D．The importance of doing exploration. 2.（2020·天津和平·一模）Spending over a year in the bleak (荒凉的) Antarctica might change your brain for the worse, according to new research out this month. It seems to show that polar explorers who lived for 14 months at an Antarctica research station experienced brain shrinkage, likely as a result of their loneliness and boredom. ... Still, since people will continue traveling to and from Antarctica for long periods of time, the findings are definitely worth keeping in mind and exploring further. They might even prove relevant for the rare few people who might travel as far as Mars in the future — perhaps the only similarly scientific, months-long mission that would be even more lonely. 20．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The importance of the finding. B．The disadvantage of the finding. C．The future development of the space. D．The possibility of travelling to Mars. 3. （20-21高三上·天津·期中） The researchers trained a machine-learning model to distinguish differences between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound’s intensity(强度)and frequency.Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. 4．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．why some tobacco makes louder sounds. B．why the surroundings are vital to plants. C．how important the sound’s intensity and frequency are. D．how to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. 易错03：主观臆断 易错典题 （2024高三·天津·专题练习） Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know（e. g. Exercise is good for you, and polluted air isn’t）. Still, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, along with the rest of us. A recent example is the phenomenon of disappearing lakes in parts of the frozen treeless Arctic（北极的） region. You might think these lakes would be expanding, not disappearing. As climate change warms the region — melting（融化）surface snow and ice as well as the permafrost（永冻层）— there should be more surface water, forming larger lakes and even new ones. Recently, however, scientists have observed not just shrinking（缩小的） lakes but lakes that have completely gone away. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．General knowledge can at times turn out to be true. B．Commonsense assumptions can sometimes prove wrong. C．Research findings should be built on popular assumptions. D．Scientific research is inspired by an unknown phenomenon. 【答案】B 【解析】本文是篇说明文。文章通过对在冰冻无树的北极地区部分湖泊消失的现象这一实例的分析，表明了直接观察自然世界对科学研究是必要的。本题为主旨大意题。根据第一段“Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know. (研究有时会用数据证明我们或多或少已经知道的事情。)”和“Still, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, along with the rest of us. (尽管如此，有时我们的假设是不正确的，科学发现让研究人员和我们其他人感到惊讶。)”可知，该段表明有时一些常识性的假设可能被证明是错误的。故选B。 【错因分析】 选项 A：General knowledge can at times turn out to be true.以偏概全，抓局部细节弃核心主旨.第一段首句仅为铺垫内容，目的是通过 “研究有时印证常识” 的常规情况，引出后文 “但有时常识假设是错误的” 这一核心观点，且后文立刻用北极湖泊的例子支撑核心观点。该选项仅聚焦首句的铺垫细节，完全忽略了段落中 “still” 转折后的核心内容，属于把局部信息等同于全段主旨. 选项 C：Research findings should be built on popular assumptions.主观臆断，过度推断且与原文相悖.原文仅客观陈述 “研究有时印证常识，有时推翻常识假设”，从未提及“研究发现应该基于大众假设” 这一观点，该选项是考生根据 “研究与常识有关联” 的表面信息，自行添加的 “应然性要求”，属于脱离原文的主观推断。同时，原文中 “北极湖泊消失的研究推翻了常识假设” 这一例子，本身就与 “研究基于常识假设” 的表述相悖，进一步说明该选项无原文依据。 选项 D：Scientific research is inspired by an unknown phenomenon.偏题，抓非核心信息且范围 / 表述失真.一方面，北极湖泊消失并非 “unknown phenomenon（未知现象）”，原文明确说明这是 “scientists have observed（科学家已观察到）” 的现象，选项对关键信息的表述与原文不符. 避错攻略 【方法总结】 核心原则：所有主旨结论均来自原文，拒绝 “常识延伸”“经验脑补”“逻辑过度推导”. 方法： 1.勾画出选项中的关键词，回到原文中寻找支撑它的多个信息点。如果只有一个细节或例子支持，而全文大部分内容在说别的，那这个选项就很可能是陷阱。 2.问自己：这篇文章是在 “介绍一个现象/研究”，还是在 “论证一个观点/推销一个理念”？主旨题常常考的是写作目的。介绍现象是客观的，论证观点是主观的。如果全文都在描述、列举、说明，那么主旨通常是中立的。 【干货必记】 做题时，遵循以下三步来锁定客观主旨： 第一步：读后自述 读完文章后，先不看选项，用一句最平实的话概括：“这篇文章主要讲了关于______的______。” 例如：“这篇文章主要讲了关于‘远程办公’的‘其优缺点及发展趋势’。” 这个自述要力求中立、基于文本。 第二步：选项“验票” 看每个选项时，像检票员一样，要求它出示“证据”。问：“这个选项的每一个关键词，在文中哪些地方有对应？” 将选项分为三类： 细节选项（只对应某一段）：排除。 主观/绝对选项（含有文中未出现的强烈判断）：警惕并优先排除。 概括性选项（能覆盖多个段落的核心信息）：进入最终审查。 第三步：态度校准 对于入围的概括性选项，进行最终检查： 文中作者是否用了大量感情色彩词？如果没有，那么选项中也不应有。 全文的结尾是开放式的，还是下了明确的结论？这决定了主旨的倾向性。 举一反三 1. （2025高三·天津·专题练习） Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. For something to be considered scientific, it must, by definition, be testable. There is a problem here: it may not need to be testable right now, but it must be testable at some point in the future by experiment. If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. What message does Paragraph 4 convey? A．Some puzzles about the universe are way beyond scientific exploration. B．Experimental research lays solid foundations for space technology. C．Boundaries of science can be pushed back with determined efforts. D．Limitations of science may result from insufficient testing. 2. （2021·天津河东·一模） Inspired by the movement to protect the Carmanah Valley and Clayoquot Sound, I decided to devote myself to producing images for conservation full-time in 1992. Since that time my work has taken me all over the world and my photos have appeared in many major magazines. However, many of my most rewarding moments have come from working on projects in British Columbia, Canada, and sharing those images in slide show tours I have given throughout Canada, the U.S. and Europe. The more I travel and photograph in other parts of the world, the more I have come to realize the wilderness we have in Canada is truly special and rare. 3．In the first paragraph, the author mainly tells us about________. A．his working experiences B．his goal as a photographer C．his skills in photographing D．his understanding about conservation 3. （2021·天津河北·一模） Should we focus on our goal, or on the process? ... “After you set a goal, it’s best to shift your focus from the goal itself to the process that gives you the best chance of achieving it and to judge yourself based on how well you complete that process,” columnist Brad Stulberg wrote on the website The Cut. Ultimately, changing your attention from goals to process will cause you to achieve little victories on your way to accomplishing long-term goals. Amy Cuddy, a Harvard Business School psychology professor, wrote that focusing on this process “leaves you with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, regardless of the measurable outcome”. 11．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．Ways of judging a goal. B．Ways to set long-term goals. C．The best chance of achieving goals. D．Benefits of focusing on the process. （一） （25-26高三上·天津和平·月考）Many think that language is what sets humans apart from other animals, and that for us to think, language is a decisive factor. British philosopher Bertrand Russell even claimed in 1948 that no intelligent thinking can take place without language. However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain. They are, in short, “far more independent than we imagined”, wrote ZME Science. The study, conducted by scientists from the US, explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches. First, they studied patients suffering from global aphasia, who had lost much of their ability to understand or speak due to damage to the left hemisphere of their brain. However, they can still complete complex tasks. “You can ask people with global aphasia to solve math problems or perform social reasoning tests, and as long as the instructions are non-verbal, they can succeed,” Evelina Fedorenko, one of the study’s authors from the US Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told ZME Science. The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities. In other words, we generally need language to express our thoughts but we can still think without words. So, if language isn’t necessary for thinking, then why did humans develop it? Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication. “Most of the things that you probably learned about the world, you learned through language and not through direct experience with the world,” she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary advantage. Although language does not give rise to thoughts, past research shows that how we speak can heavily influence how we think. For example, the English sentence “he fired the gun” is usually phrased as “the gun went off” in Japanese. As a result, English speakers are more likely to focus on the person responsible for an accident than Japanese speakers, according to Psychology Today. 1．What does the recent study show about language and thought? A．Language and thought work separately. B．Language is the basis of intelligent thought. C．Language and thought depend on each other. D．Language determines the complexity of thought. 2．What is the main purpose of the study mentioned in the passage? A．To prove that language is essential for intelligent thinking. B．To examine the relationship between language and thought. C．To develop new treatments for patients with global aphasia. D．To identify the brain regions responsible for non-verbal reasoning. 3．What did brain-imaging tools reveal about healthy volunteers performing non-verbal task? A．They struggled with problem-solving. B．Their language centers became overactive. C．Their language regions showed little activity. D．They would unconsciously use verbal strategies. 4．How can language serve humans, according to Fedorenko? A．It helps humans generate thoughts. B．It decides humans’ evolutionary direction. C．It replaces direct experience with the world. D．It facilitates the exchange of complicated ideas. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．Thought can operate independently from language. B．Language plays a decisive role in shaping human thought. C．Language and thought are deeply interdependent in the brain. D．The absence of language makes complex thought impossible. （二） （25-26高三上·天津·月考）Like many teens, I often felt that my best friend was my diary. I’d enter my bedroom in a terrible mood, but as the sentences took shape on the page, whatever was troubling me no longer felt like quite as much of a disaster. I wasn’t able to remove my deep sadness, but often I felt calmer. These moments always brought to mind a scene in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, in which the headteacher at Hogwarts, AI bus Hogwarts, takes out upsetting memories with his magic stick and places them in a shallow bowl called the “Pensieve”. In this way, he can view things without emotional interference (干扰). Writing, for me, provided the same relief. As a science writer, I have been delighted to discover that the practice not only comforts a troubled soul but also improves physical health. Given these benefits, the question arises: Why is writing so stress- relieving in the first place? One possibility is that externalizing our thoughts gives us more head space to think about other things. We now know that simply writing a to- do list can release people’s cognitive (认知的) resources for other activities, as it reduces the amount of information in their minds. This eases stress and if done before bedtime, it can even improve sleep. However, no single way will suit everyone: writing is just one tool and some may be unwilling to set out their feelings in detail. If you’d like to include it in your own mental first aid kit, though, there are some ways to maximize its benefits. When writing about your experiences, try to keep some natural flow in a story-like way. For example, briefly describe what happened and what led to the situation. Clearly state the emotions you feel — whether it’s annoyance, depression, disappointment, or something else. Identifying these feelings accurately can help you understand them better. Also, think about how the situation shows your positive qualities or what you care about, like showing strength or kindness, or realizing how important certain friendships are. 6．What can we know about the author when he was a teenager? A．He was unpopular with friends. B．He was active in social activities. C．He tended to hide his true feelings. D．He had a way to adjust his emotions. 7．Why does Hogwarts use the Pensieve according to paragraph 2? A．To share memories with others. B．To awake delighted memories. C．To observe memories objectively. D．To find inspiration for teaching. 8．Writing gives us more space to think about other things by _________. A．changing memory patterns B．freeing up mental capacity C．seeking comfort from others D．generating more cognitive confidence 9．What can be inferred about writing as a stress- relief method? A．It is a one-size-fits-all solution. B．It requires professional guidance. C．Its role has been universally proven. D．Its effect varies from person to person. 10．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．Suggestions on expressive writing. B．Strategies for managing daily stress. C．Importance of developing real friendship. D．Reflections on interpersonal relationships. （三） （25-26高三上·天津·月考）Erica Solove remembers December 30, 2021, like it was yesterday. She was at home in Superior, Colorado, a Boulder suburb at the foot of the Rockies. “It was an extremely windy day,” she says. “Hurricane-force winds. And we quickly realized it’s not just wind coming down the mountain — it’s fire.” She grabbed her napping two-year-old daughter out of her crib while her husband scooped up their five-year-old son. The family got in the car, struggling to open the doors against the wind, and fled without wallets, coats, or even shoes. She remembers how half the sky was black with smoke, while the other half was a bright crystalline blue. They were fleeing the Marshall Fire, the costliest in Colorado history. Her family lost everything. In the early weeks after the disaster, Solove experienced panic attacks on windy days, and the kids went to trauma therapy. “What an absolute nightmare,” she says. But three years later, Solove, an organizational psychologist, says she feels stronger than before, even “triumphant.” She now finds it easier to put little stressors in perspective. Her life has grown richer in some ways: She and her neighbors became as close as extended family. Solove’s Marshall Fire story is an example of what researchers call Post-Traumatic (创伤) Growth (PTG) — a term first coined in 1995. Studies have consistently found that on average, between half and two-thirds of survivors report positive changes and a new life outlook after a tragedy or crisis. Resilience can be defined broadly as “bouncing back” from adversity, returning to how you were before the hardship struck. When people experience post-traumatic growth, by contrast, they identify improvements in their lives. Recently, researchers have been finding brain structures that correlate with this kind of growth. And they’ve been unearthing new social and community factors and personal behaviors contribute to fostering it. The researchers also stress that you don’t need to go through extreme hardship yourself to draw lessons from the phenomenon of post-traumatic growth. We all face some level of adversity, and the experiences of people like Solove hold inspiration for anyone looking to build a more satisfying, connected, joyful life. 11．What can we learn about the Marshall Fire from the passage? A．It happened in a city far from the Rockies. B．It caused no harm to Solove’s family except property loss. C．It was the most expensive fire disaster in Colorado’s history. D．It broke out on a quiet, windless day. 12．Why does the author include Erica’s personal story in the passage? A．To showcase transformative effects of tragedy B．To establish emotional connection with readers C．To demonstrate the psychological findings D．To provide background on trauma research 13．What does the last paragraph convey? A．Highlight the accessibility of PTG principles B．The universality of confronting obstacles C．Learn from others’ traumatic experiences D．Draw strength from everyday challenges 14．What does Erica Solove’s experience show? A．Always have, always will. B．A blessing in disguise. C．The beginning of one thing can be the rest of everything. D．Our greatest glory is in rising every time when we fall. 15．According to the description and curve, which one is true according to the passage? A．I  Ⅱ B．I  Ⅲ C．Ⅱ  Ⅲ D．Ⅲ  Ⅳ （四） （21-22高三上·天津·期末）For many men, the idea that they have a better sense of direction than women has been improved by a scientific study． Researchers from Norway scanned the brains of volunteers as they completed navigation tasks to discover men are more skillful at finding their way because they use a separate part of their brain．According to lead researcher Dr．Carl Pintzka from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology（NTNU）, men and women have different navigational strategies． Men use basic directions-the use of north, south, east and west-during navigation to a greater degree．Men's sense of direction was more effective.They quite simply got to their destination faster．"If they're going to the Student Society building in Trondheim, for example, men usually go in the general direction where it's located．" Dr．Pintzka explained． Women usually orient（标定方向） themselves along a route to get there, for example, go past the hairdresser and then up the street and turn right after the store． The study shows that using basic directions is more efficient because it is a more flexible strategy．The destination can be reached faster because the strategy depends less on where you start． Meanwhile, the study also shows both men and women use large areas of the brain when they navigate, but some areas are different．The men use the hippocampus more, whereas women use their frontal areas to a greater extent．That agrees with the fact that the hippocampus is necessary to make use of basic directions．Losing one's sense of direction is one of the first symptoms in Alzheimer's disease． Understanding how men and women use different brain areas and strategies to navigate, researchers will be able to enhance the understanding of the disease's development, and develop coping strategies for those already affected． 16．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．It makes no sense to use basic directions according to the research． B．Men use basic directions more skillfully than women． C．Men prefers to form different images of road conditions． D．Women tend to use a separate part of the brain while navigating． 17．What strategy do men usually take to find a place? A．Finding out all possible routes． B．Remembering all the landmarks． C．Making out the general direction． D．Drawing a general map of the place． 18．Why is man's strategy more efficient? A．it is much easier to be carried out． B．it is more helpful to identify roads． C．it is simpler for telling directions． D．it is less limited by the starting place． 19．We can learn from Paragraph 6 that hippocampus _______________． A．appears to be more powerful in men B．is adopted more often used by women C．is important in using basic directions D．is the production of Alzheimer's disease 20．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Getting to the destination is no more a difficult thing． B．Men have a better sense of direction than women． C．Alzheimer's disease can be prevented effectively． D．Hippocampus is playing a key role in navigation． （五） （25-26高二上·天津·期中）My life experience is anything but ordinary. Raised by my hardworking single mother on Australia's Gold Coast, I was encouraged to pursue higher education. Though I ranked top academically, my passion was cooking, a path my mother hesitated to support due to its challenges. To please her, I attended university while working part-time as a chef. However, my love for the kitchen soon surpassed my studies, and I dropped out to pursue cooking full-time. Over the next 12 years, I climbed the ranks as a chef, landing head chef positions in North Queensland. Life seemed perfect — I was engaged, had great friends and enjoyed stability. Yet, a lingering restlessness (挥之不去的焦躁感) grew within me. A trip to Bali became a turning point. I realized I desired something beyond conventional (守旧) existence. Despite guilt, I walked away from my settled life, returning to my mother's home on the Gold Coast. Soon, I fell back into old patterns — working in kitchens and feeling unfulfilled. Then, Instagram changed everything. As an early user, I poured my creativity into the platform, discovering a talent for photography and storytelling. By 2012, my audience grew to 200,000 followers, and tourism boards began reaching out. Recognizing the opportunity, I quit my job to pursue travel photography and social media full-time. The early days were tough. I created a “solo influencer package”, offering brands social media content, photography and campaign reports. As a pioneer in Australia's influencer market, my services became highly popular. I traveled on and on-50 trips a year at my peak-while expanding into consulting, public speaking, and project management. Now, I run a multifaceted (多层面) business, including photography, social media, and travel. I co-founded the Travel Bootcamp, teaching others to build careers in the industry, and launched an online photography course for beginners. Next year, I'll lead my first photography tour in Zimbabwe, my wife's homeland, combining my passions with conservation and community support. My journey has been challenging yet deeply fulfilling. Money is no longer the main driver — instead, I seek meaningful experiences and opportunities to inspire others. What began as a small idea has grown into a life of adventure, creativity and purpose. 21．What does the underlined word “surpassed” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Went beyond. B．Broke up. C．Continued. D．Improved. 22．Why did the author quit his job in North Queensland? A．He wanted to make a trip to Bali. B．He didn't enjoy working in the kitchen. C．He was eager to experience more in life. D．He preferred to live a conventional life. 23．How did the author's mother treat his choice of career? A．She eventually accepted her son's choice of career. B．She never supported her son's interest in cooking. C．She encouraged him to continue his university studies. D．She was the reason why he gave up his job in Queensland. 24．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．Why Instagram changed the author's mindset. B．Why followers liked to read the author's posts. C．How Internet benefited millions of online users. D．How the author started a career as a solo influencer. 25．What message does the text convey? A．Big results require big ambitions. B．The future is built on great ideas. C．Bravery never goes out of fashion. D．Your heart is the birthplace of dreams. 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $