热点14 科研成果与生化医疗（热点专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题材热点14 科研成果与生化医疗 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 在许多国家，“进门脱鞋”是一种习惯和礼节。而在另一些国家，这条规矩则不那么绝对。如果在家里穿着外出的穿的鞋，哪些东西会被带入家中？进门不脱鞋真的会造成严重的问题吗？本文探讨在家里穿着外出穿的鞋可能带来的危害。 【原文欣赏】 Outdoor shoes in the house What are the dangers 1 “Welcome! Shoes off please.” In many Asian countries, removing shoes when you enter someone’s home is expected—it shows respect and ensures cleanliness. In other places, such as the UK, however, the social norms are more ambiguous. Some Brits might have a strict “shoes off” rule, while others may be squeamish about seeing others’ socks or bare feet. What do the scientists say? 2 If you remove your shoes at the door for cleanliness, you’re probably thinking about the visible dirt—urban dust, mud and grass that has hitched a ride from the outside world on the sole of your shoe. But the real problems are microscopic. A review of research called ‘Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission’ found a high prevalence of dangerous bacteria on shoe soles, which could lead to illness. Children under five are particularly at risk because of their closeness to the floor and developing immune systems. 3 Germs aside, shoe soles can also bring in nasty chemicals like pesticides and herbicides, exposure to which can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, according to a study by Muhammad Sarwar, published in Cogent Medicine. Allergens such as pollen can also enter your home via your shoes, which can be a big issue if you suffer with hay fever or have respiratory issues. Isn’t your home meant to be a safe haven? 4 But it’s not just about hygiene. Going shoeless can improve things such as balance, body awareness and strength and stability in your muscles, according to a medically reviewed article called ‘Does Walking Barefoot Have Health Benefits?’. “In theory, walking barefoot more closely restores our ‘natural’ walking pattern, also known as our gait,” explains foot and ankle specialist Jonathan Kaplan. 5 In cultures where a shoe-free home is the norm, the reasons are backed by science. And in places where the rules are less clear, maybe it’s time to think about leaving our outdoor shoes at the threshold. There’s an old African proverb that states “When you leave your shoes at the doorstep, you leave your troubles behind.” 【译文赏析】 回家不换鞋有哪些危害？ 1 “欢迎！请脱鞋”。在许多亚洲国家，进入他人住所时脱鞋是社会规范——这既体现尊重又确保卫生。然而在英国等地区，社会规范则更为模糊。部分英国人可能严格执行“脱鞋”规则，而另一些人则可能对看到他人袜子或赤脚感到不适。科学家怎么说？ 2 若你出于卫生考虑在门口脱鞋，可能是因为想到鞋底附着的可见污垢——城市灰尘、泥沙和杂草从外界带入。但真正的问题在于微观层面。一项名为《鞋底作为病原体传播潜在载体》的研究综述发现，鞋底上存在高比例危险细菌，可能导致疾病。五岁以下儿童因与地面接触密切且免疫系统发育，风险尤为突出。 3 除病菌外，鞋底还可能携带农药、除草剂等有害化学物质，接触这些物质可引发头痛、头晕、恶心和呕吐，Muhammad Sarwar在《Cogent Medicine》发表的研究证实。花粉等过敏原亦可通过鞋类进入室内，对于花粉症或呼吸系统疾病患者而言，这可能构成重大问题。难道家不该是安全港湾吗？ 4 但问题不仅限于卫生层面。根据一篇名为《赤足行走是否具有健康益处？》的医学综述文章，赤足行走可改善平衡能力、身体意识以及肌肉力量与稳定性。足踝专科医师Jonathan Kaplan解释道：“理论上，赤足行走更接近恢复我们的‘自然’步态模式。” 5. 在以无鞋居家为常态的文化中，这一观点已得到科学支持。而在规则尚不明确的地区，或许是时候考虑将户外鞋留在门槛处了。非洲有句古老谚语：“当你把鞋子留在门口时，烦恼也随之而去。” 测验与练习 一、根据文章内容选出正确的段落。 1. Which paragraph contains a benefit of removing outdoor shoes that is unrelated to cleanliness? 二、根据文章内容选出正确的选项。 1. It’s normal in all cultures to remove your outdoor shoes in the home. a. True            b. False            c. Not given 2. Why is it a problem to bring bacteria into the home via shoe soles? a. it makes the house dirty b. it’s not good for our health c. it can cause hay fever 3. Food allergens can enter the home on the soles of shoes. a. True            b. False            c. Not given 4. How does the article writer feel about removing outdoor shoes in the house? a. positively        b. negatively        c. neutral 5. Which word could replace ‘norm’ in the following sentence? In cultures where a shoe-free home is the norm, the reasons are backed by science. a. pattern          b. exception          c. standard 三、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 gait pathogens threshold squeamish safe haven shoeless hay fever Homes should be a 1)________—a place to feel comfortable and protected. But if you cross over the 2)_______ and enter the house with your shoes on, you might be bringing in dangerous 3)_______. In cultures where a shoe-free home is not the norm, people may feel 4)_______ about the idea of going 5)_______. 【词汇积累】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 cleanliness 清洁，洁净 ambiguous 不明确的，模棱两可的 squeamish 感到不自在的，易受惊吓的 hitch a ride 搭乘，搭便车 sole 鞋底 microscopic 需要用显微镜才能看到的 pathogen 病原体 prevalence 普遍程度 germ 病菌，细菌 pesticide 杀虫剂 herbicide 除草剂 nausea 恶心，呕吐感 pollen 花粉 hay fever 花粉过敏症 safe haven 避风港，安全的地方 shoeless 不穿鞋的 barefoot 光脚的，赤脚的 gait 步态 shoe-free 不穿鞋的 threshold 门槛，门口  （建议用时：40分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Lost Continent of Icelandia Present-day Iceland could mark the tip of an ancient lost continent, according to a new theory by an international group of scientists. Iceland is an island in the northern Atlantic Ocean that measures roughly 300 miles 1 200 miles and is famous for its volcanoes and hot springs. It sits on the mid-Atlantic rift (裂缝), a long crack 2 (lie) mostly beneath the ocean. Along the rift, plates that form the Earth’s rocky crust (地壳) are pulling apart. At the same time, underwater volcanoes create new rock to fill the gap. Over the past 200 million years, these separating plates have created a low-lying area between Europe and North American 3 is now filled by the ocean — but why does Iceland stick up in the middle? Most experts think that the island formed in the past 60 million years 4 layers of rock built up over a “hot spot” of volcanic eruptions. However, some say the crust beneath Iceland is far too thick 5 (form) in this way — it’s more like the crust beneath continents that builds up over billions of years. When a team led by Professor Gillian Foulger, from Durham University, England, looked at maps of the sea floor, they noticed 6 Iceland sits on a broad, raised ridge (山脊) that extends to its east and west. “If the sea level dropped 600 meters, then we would see a lot more land above the surface of the ocean,” explained Foulger. She and her colleagues think that this ridge 7 mark the remains of a large landmass, nicknamed Icelandia, that was six times the size present-day Iceland and once 8 (connect) Europe with North America. Around 10 million years ago, they suggest, the eastern and western sides sank below the waves, leaving the island 9 (cut) off. The new idea, however, 10 (not support) by everyone. Doubters point to signs that the crust on the ridge was created by the same volcanic eruptions as the rest of the Atlantic sea bed. 题型02 选词填空 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．banning B．contact C． equivalent D．expanding E. extra F. floating G. host H. installations I. multiple J. proportions K. vary Solar panels won’t go beyond golf courses One of the UK’s green targets is to cover 0.4% of its land in solar panels by the end of the decade — less than the area covered by golf courses, known for their high water usage and chemical-intensive maintenance practices. An analysis by researchers at the University of Lancaster showed solar farms occupy about 0.06% of land today. The vast majority have been built on former farmland. The previous government considered 11 solar power on the richest agricultural land. It proposed land use guidelines that would discourage solar panel 12 on the best soils. A study of satellite images revealed that 65% of solar farms were built on former arable (可耕种的) land and 30% on grassland. The rest was former landfill, mines and other uses. However, Hollie Blay, a senior research associate at Lancaster, said that in absolute terms the area occupied by solar farms was very small. “We’ve worked out that 0.06%, or 15,580 hectares (公顷), is roughly 13 to a tenth of the area of Greater London,” she said. There are about a thousand solar farms in the UK, with the current target of 14 capacity three times by 2030. If all the panels to meet this goal are mounted on the ground, the researchers found solar farms would require a(n) 15 80,920 hectares. That would take solar’s share of UK land to 0.4%, or 0.83% of farmland. Estimates 16 but golf courses are believed to cover about 0.5% of land. In reality, some of the panels are likely to be installed on the rooftops of large industrial facilities, and some could even be 17 on vast waters. This means the true share of land is likely to be even lower. Based on current 18 of where panels are installed, solar would occupy 0.22% of land. “Solar farms are likely to occupy a small land area compared to primary land uses, such as agriculture, and could combine 19 land uses,” the researchers wrote. Sheep can be raised between rows of panels and solar farms can help with nature recovery; they can, according to a recent study by a University of Cambridge team, 20 more birds than nearby arable fields. 题型03 完形填空 In the scientific field, just as important as raising our voices is how we come together. Progress doesn’t happen 21 ; it’s fueled by cooperation. Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the 22 of its parts. I’ve witnessed that cooperative power firsthand through an initiative called Native Plant Hub. This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners. Their 23 mission? Addressing critical shortages in native plant materials to support fire reduction, foreign species control, and habitat restoration across the western United States. It couldn’t have succeeded without the combined expertise of these 24 groups. Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen 25 ; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment. It’s a model for how we should 26 solutions that encourage innovation and transform the world. That’s why I’m so passionate about the CES network — it’s right there in the name: Cooperative Ecosystem Studies. Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress. Through partnerships, improvements emerge that might 27 remain difficult to achieve. For example, a project highlight I’m currently writing looks at the cooperation between University of Oregon researchers and the Park Service to study the cultural landscape of Carlsbad Caverns. When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team 28 hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation. But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved 29 . One key moment came when the team faced the 30 of a worsening historic wooden staircase, which had become a habitat for microorganisms. Without precautions(预防措施,), disturbing the structure could have 31 the cave’s delicate ecosystem. Before removing it, the microbiologist proposed covering the staircase to 32 unintended harm. After the successful relocation, the team proposed using projected images to illustrate its former 33 , enabling visitors to appreciate its historical significance. This cooperation — combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation — safeguarded both the cave’s ecological 34 and historical significance. The result is an approach that 35 environmental conservation and cultural preservation, ensuring the long-term protection of our national parks. Too often, scientific research operates separately. But real progress doesn’t come from opposition; it comes from cooperation. 21．A．in time B．under discussion C．for good D．in isolation 22．A．difference B．change C．sum D．management 23．A．respective B．deserted C．transitional D．shared 24．A．diverse B．educational C．foreign D．regional 25．A．slowly B．alongside C．overnight D．properly 26．A．unlock B．skip C．interpret D．classify 27．A．similarly B．otherwise C．altogether D．eventually 28．A．consequently B．regretfully C．fortunately D．initially 29．A．unrealistic B．invaluable C．misleading D．conventional 30．A．establishment B．decoration C．removal D．coverage 31．A．sustained B．replaced C．reformed D．ruined 32．A．cause B．mask C．prevent D．suffer 33．A．presence B．expression C．pollution D．strategy 34．A．supervision B．integrity C．guidance D．occupation 35．A．accesses B．balances C．evaluates D．traces 题型04 阅读理解 On farms all over the country, even the most traditional ones, thought is being given to the possibilities of AI. For the moment, artificial intelligence isn’t making much of an impact on the daily lives of most British farmers. But the way AI can change agriculture in the near future is very much a reality in universities and research labs. My eyes were opened to the possibilities on a visit to a lab where cows were being automatically (自动化) monitored in an innovative ‘smart’ dairy. AI was learning to recognize each individual cow and keep a record of its behavior. It then analyzed the data to warn of any signs of illness.   Meanwhile, in my home county, work is underway to ensure that the upcoming generation of farmers isn’t left behind. In a few weeks’ time, newly arrived students at the Royal Agricultural University (RAU) will start their course in Agricultural Technology, at the heart of which is AI’s role in making farming more effective, productive and adaptive in a world of changing weather patterns. This would have sounded like science fiction in the 1950s, but now, 70 years on, I’m encouraged that tomorrow’s farmers are being armed with the know-how to succeed in the new digital age.   Naturally, there are concerns about what all this might mean for the countless number of people who depend on farming for their livelihood (生计). Soft fruit and seasonal vegetables are extremely tender and need an army of pickers and packers who may find themselves replaced at some point by the sort of standard precision-robots that have been trialled (试用) on a strawberry farm.   In recent years many places have struggled to employ and keep seasonal workers, so rather than create unemployment, AI might just provide the answer to a worrying labor gap. It’s worth saying that this technology will need a whole new set of workers to produce the hardware, input new data and then install (安装), maintain, repair and replace systems and kit. So don’t lose hope but do consider upskilling (技能提升).   Since the Industrial Revolution, every generation of farmers has had to deal with the technological changes of the day and they have successfully adapted to survive. Who knows! AI may well turn out to be just the latest in a long line of challenges to be accepted by adaptable and spirited farmers. And anything that saves me the worry of checking the weather forecast day and night during harvest season must be a good thing. 36．What did the author discover during his visit to the lab? A．AI has made automation a reality in the dairy industry. B．AI has helped most British farmers to closely monitor cows. C．AI is being developed to improve cow health through behavior analysis. D．AI is primarily being used to change universities and labs across Britain. 37．What is the focus of the course in Agricultural Technology at the RAU? A．The role of traditional methods in increasing crop productivity. B．The development of AI in agricultural practices in the UK. C．The ways climate change affects global food security. D．The impact of AI on improving farming efficiency and productivity. 38．What can be inferred about the introduction of AI in agriculture from the third and the fourth paragraphs? A．It will lead to widespread unemployment. B．It may help address the labor shortage issue. C．It will remove the need for human labor completely. D．It doesn’t affect the nature of seasonal workers. 39．What is the author’s attitude towards the use of AI in agriculture? A．Optimistic. B．Distrustful. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned. $ 题材热点14 科研成果与生化医疗 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 在许多国家，“进门脱鞋”是一种习惯和礼节。而在另一些国家，这条规矩则不那么绝对。如果在家里穿着外出的穿的鞋，哪些东西会被带入家中？进门不脱鞋真的会造成严重的问题吗？本文探讨在家里穿着外出穿的鞋可能带来的危害。 【原文欣赏】 Outdoor shoes in the house What are the dangers 1 “Welcome! Shoes off please.” In many Asian countries, removing shoes when you enter someone’s home is expected—it shows respect and ensures cleanliness. In other places, such as the UK, however, the social norms are more ambiguous. Some Brits might have a strict “shoes off” rule, while others may be squeamish about seeing others’ socks or bare feet. What do the scientists say? 2 If you remove your shoes at the door for cleanliness, you’re probably thinking about the visible dirt—urban dust, mud and grass that has hitched a ride from the outside world on the sole of your shoe. But the real problems are microscopic. A review of research called ‘Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission’ found a high prevalence of dangerous bacteria on shoe soles, which could lead to illness. Children under five are particularly at risk because of their closeness to the floor and developing immune systems. 3 Germs aside, shoe soles can also bring in nasty chemicals like pesticides and herbicides, exposure to which can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, according to a study by Muhammad Sarwar, published in Cogent Medicine. Allergens such as pollen can also enter your home via your shoes, which can be a big issue if you suffer with hay fever or have respiratory issues. Isn’t your home meant to be a safe haven? 4 But it’s not just about hygiene. Going shoeless can improve things such as balance, body awareness and strength and stability in your muscles, according to a medically reviewed article called ‘Does Walking Barefoot Have Health Benefits?’. “In theory, walking barefoot more closely restores our ‘natural’ walking pattern, also known as our gait,” explains foot and ankle specialist Jonathan Kaplan. 5 In cultures where a shoe-free home is the norm, the reasons are backed by science. And in places where the rules are less clear, maybe it’s time to think about leaving our outdoor shoes at the threshold. There’s an old African proverb that states “When you leave your shoes at the doorstep, you leave your troubles behind.” 【译文赏析】 回家不换鞋有哪些危害？ 1 “欢迎！请脱鞋”。在许多亚洲国家，进入他人住所时脱鞋是社会规范——这既体现尊重又确保卫生。然而在英国等地区，社会规范则更为模糊。部分英国人可能严格执行“脱鞋”规则，而另一些人则可能对看到他人袜子或赤脚感到不适。科学家怎么说？ 2 若你出于卫生考虑在门口脱鞋，可能是因为想到鞋底附着的可见污垢——城市灰尘、泥沙和杂草从外界带入。但真正的问题在于微观层面。一项名为《鞋底作为病原体传播潜在载体》的研究综述发现，鞋底上存在高比例危险细菌，可能导致疾病。五岁以下儿童因与地面接触密切且免疫系统发育，风险尤为突出。 3 除病菌外，鞋底还可能携带农药、除草剂等有害化学物质，接触这些物质可引发头痛、头晕、恶心和呕吐，Muhammad Sarwar在《Cogent Medicine》发表的研究证实。花粉等过敏原亦可通过鞋类进入室内，对于花粉症或呼吸系统疾病患者而言，这可能构成重大问题。难道家不该是安全港湾吗？ 4 但问题不仅限于卫生层面。根据一篇名为《赤足行走是否具有健康益处？》的医学综述文章，赤足行走可改善平衡能力、身体意识以及肌肉力量与稳定性。足踝专科医师Jonathan Kaplan解释道：“理论上，赤足行走更接近恢复我们的‘自然’步态模式。” 5. 在以无鞋居家为常态的文化中，这一观点已得到科学支持。而在规则尚不明确的地区，或许是时候考虑将户外鞋留在门槛处了。非洲有句古老谚语：“当你把鞋子留在门口时，烦恼也随之而去。” 测验与练习 一、根据文章内容选出正确的段落。 1. Which paragraph contains a benefit of removing outdoor shoes that is unrelated to cleanliness? 二、根据文章内容选出正确的选项。 1. It’s normal in all cultures to remove your outdoor shoes in the home. a. True            b. False            c. Not given 2. Why is it a problem to bring bacteria into the home via shoe soles? a. it makes the house dirty b. it’s not good for our health c. it can cause hay fever 3. Food allergens can enter the home on the soles of shoes. a. True            b. False            c. Not given 4. How does the article writer feel about removing outdoor shoes in the house? a. positively        b. negatively        c. neutral 5. Which word could replace ‘norm’ in the following sentence? In cultures where a shoe-free home is the norm, the reasons are backed by science. a. pattern          b. exception          c. standard 三、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 gait pathogens threshold squeamish safe haven shoeless hay fever Homes should be a 1)________—a place to feel comfortable and protected. But if you cross over the 2)_______ and enter the house with your shoes on, you might be bringing in dangerous 3)_______. In cultures where a shoe-free home is not the norm, people may feel 4)_______ about the idea of going 5)_______. 答案 一、根据文章内容选出正确的段落。 Paragraph 3. It’s about the physiological benefits of going barefoot, not cleanliness. 二 、根据文章内容选出正确的选项。 1. b. False.  In other places, such as the UK, however, the social norms are more ambiguous. 2. b. A review of research…found a high prevalence of dangerous bacteria on shoe soles, which could lead to illness. 3. c. Not given. The allergen pollen is mentioned, but food allergens are not mentioned. 4. a. The article writer outlines lots of benefits of removing shoes in the house. 5. c. ‘standard’ is closest in meaning to the word ‘norm’. 三、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 Homes should be a safe haven—a place to feel comfortable and protected. But if you cross over the threshold and enter the house with your shoes on, you might be bringing in dangerous pathogens. In cultures where a shoe-free home is not the norm, people may feel squeamish about the idea of going shoeless. 【词汇积累】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 cleanliness 清洁，洁净 ambiguous 不明确的，模棱两可的 squeamish 感到不自在的，易受惊吓的 hitch a ride 搭乘，搭便车 sole 鞋底 microscopic 需要用显微镜才能看到的 pathogen 病原体 prevalence 普遍程度 germ 病菌，细菌 pesticide 杀虫剂 herbicide 除草剂 nausea 恶心，呕吐感 pollen 花粉 hay fever 花粉过敏症 safe haven 避风港，安全的地方 shoeless 不穿鞋的 barefoot 光脚的，赤脚的 gait 步态 shoe-free 不穿鞋的 threshold 门槛，门口  （建议用时：40分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Lost Continent of Icelandia Present-day Iceland could mark the tip of an ancient lost continent, according to a new theory by an international group of scientists. Iceland is an island in the northern Atlantic Ocean that measures roughly 300 miles 1 200 miles and is famous for its volcanoes and hot springs. It sits on the mid-Atlantic rift (裂缝), a long crack 2 (lie) mostly beneath the ocean. Along the rift, plates that form the Earth’s rocky crust (地壳) are pulling apart. At the same time, underwater volcanoes create new rock to fill the gap. Over the past 200 million years, these separating plates have created a low-lying area between Europe and North American 3 is now filled by the ocean — but why does Iceland stick up in the middle? Most experts think that the island formed in the past 60 million years 4 layers of rock built up over a “hot spot” of volcanic eruptions. However, some say the crust beneath Iceland is far too thick 5 (form) in this way — it’s more like the crust beneath continents that builds up over billions of years. When a team led by Professor Gillian Foulger, from Durham University, England, looked at maps of the sea floor, they noticed 6 Iceland sits on a broad, raised ridge (山脊) that extends to its east and west. “If the sea level dropped 600 meters, then we would see a lot more land above the surface of the ocean,” explained Foulger. She and her colleagues think that this ridge 7 mark the remains of a large landmass, nicknamed Icelandia, that was six times the size present-day Iceland and once 8 (connect) Europe with North America. Around 10 million years ago, they suggest, the eastern and western sides sank below the waves, leaving the island 9 (cut) off. The new idea, however, 10 (not support) by everyone. Doubters point to signs that the crust on the ridge was created by the same volcanic eruptions as the rest of the Atlantic sea bed. 【答案】 1．by 2．lying 3．that/which 4．because 5．to form 6．that 7．may 8．connected 9．cut 10．isn’t supported 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新科学理论：如今的冰岛或许是远古失落大陆“冰岛亚”的残余部分，该理论解释了冰岛地壳厚度异常的现象，但也存在不少质疑者。 1．考查介词。句意：冰岛是北大西洋上的一座岛屿，面积约为300英里乘200英里，以火山和温泉闻名。表示“长、宽、高”的尺寸时，常用by连接两个数值。故填by。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它位于中大西洋裂谷，这是一条大部分位于海底的狭长裂缝。lie与逻辑主语a long crack是主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填lying。 3．考查定语从句关系词。句意：在过去的2亿年里，这些分离的板块在欧洲和北美之间形成了一片低洼区域，如今这片区域已被海洋淹没。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是a low-lying area，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 4．考查连词。句意：大多数专家认为这座岛屿形成于过去6000万年，因为火山喷发热点上方的岩层不断堆积。此处引导原因状语从句，应用because“因为”。故填because。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，一些人表示，冰岛下方的地壳太厚，不可能以这种方式形成。固定结构too + adj. + to do表示“太……而不能……”。故填to form。 6．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：当英国杜伦大学的吉莉安·福尔杰教授带领团队查看海底地图时，他们注意到冰岛坐落在一个向东、向西延伸的宽阔隆起山脊之上。此处引导宾语从句，从句成分齐全、句意完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 7．考查情态动词。句意：她和她的同事们认为，这条山脉可能标志着一块巨大陆地的遗迹，这块陆地曾被戏称为“冰岛尼亚”，其面积是现今冰岛的六倍，并且曾经将欧洲与北美连接在了一起。此处表示推测，有可能，但不确定，应用情态动词may。故填may。 8．考查动词时态。句意：她和她的同事们认为，这条山脉可能标志着一块巨大陆地的遗迹，这块陆地曾被戏称为“冰岛尼亚”，其面积是现今冰岛的六倍，并且曾经将欧洲与北美连接在了一起。根据时间状语once可知，句子陈述过去事实，应用一般过去时。故填connected。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们认为，大约1000万年前，这块陆地的东西两侧沉入海底，使这座岛屿被隔绝开来。cut off与宾语the island是被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填cut。 10．考查动词语态。句意：然而，这一新观点并未得到所有人的支持。主语The new idea与support是被动关系，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为单数，否定形式为isn’t supported。故填isn’t supported。 题型02 选词填空 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．banning B．contact C． equivalent D．expanding E. extra F. floating G. host H. installations I. multiple J. proportions K. vary Solar panels won’t go beyond golf courses One of the UK’s green targets is to cover 0.4% of its land in solar panels by the end of the decade — less than the area covered by golf courses, known for their high water usage and chemical-intensive maintenance practices. An analysis by researchers at the University of Lancaster showed solar farms occupy about 0.06% of land today. The vast majority have been built on former farmland. The previous government considered 11 solar power on the richest agricultural land. It proposed land use guidelines that would discourage solar panel 12 on the best soils. A study of satellite images revealed that 65% of solar farms were built on former arable (可耕种的) land and 30% on grassland. The rest was former landfill, mines and other uses. However, Hollie Blay, a senior research associate at Lancaster, said that in absolute terms the area occupied by solar farms was very small. “We’ve worked out that 0.06%, or 15,580 hectares (公顷), is roughly 13 to a tenth of the area of Greater London,” she said. There are about a thousand solar farms in the UK, with the current target of 14 capacity three times by 2030. If all the panels to meet this goal are mounted on the ground, the researchers found solar farms would require a(n) 15 80,920 hectares. That would take solar’s share of UK land to 0.4%, or 0.83% of farmland. Estimates 16 but golf courses are believed to cover about 0.5% of land. In reality, some of the panels are likely to be installed on the rooftops of large industrial facilities, and some could even be 17 on vast waters. This means the true share of land is likely to be even lower. Based on current 18 of where panels are installed, solar would occupy 0.22% of land. “Solar farms are likely to occupy a small land area compared to primary land uses, such as agriculture, and could combine 19 land uses,” the researchers wrote. Sheep can be raised between rows of panels and solar farms can help with nature recovery; they can, according to a recent study by a University of Cambridge team, 20 more birds than nearby arable fields. 【答案】 11．A 12．H 13．C 14．D 15．E 16．K 17．F 18．J 19．I 20．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕英国太阳能电池板的土地使用情况展开，介绍了当前太阳能农场的土地占用比例、主要建设区域，以及为实现绿色目标所需的土地面积，同时指出太阳能农场可结合多种土地用途，对生态也有一定益处。 11．考查动词。句意：前政府曾考虑在最肥沃的农业用地禁止太阳能发电。consider doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”，空处需填动名词形式。结合后句“discourage solar panel 2 on the best soils”（不鼓励在优质土壤上安装太阳能电池板），可知此处应表“禁止”，选项A. banning（禁止，动名词形式）符合题意。故选A。 12．考查名词。句意：它提出的土地使用指南不鼓励在最佳土壤上安装太阳能电池板。空处作discourage的宾语，需填名词形式，结合“solar panel”（太阳能电池板），可知此处指“太阳能电池板的安装”，选项H. installations（安装，可数名词复数）符合题意，泛指“安装设施”。故选H。 13．考查形容词。句意：我们计算出，0.06%（即15580公顷）大约相当于大伦敦面积的十分之一。be equivalent to 为固定短语，意为“相当于……”，空处需填形容词作表语，选项C. equivalent（相等的，相当的）符合题意。故选C。 14．考查动名词。句意：英国约有一千个太阳能农场，目前的目标是到2030年将容量扩大三倍。of 为介词，后接动名词作宾语，结合“capacity three times”（容量三倍），可知此处指“扩大容量”，选项D. expanding（扩大，动名词形式）符合题意。故选D。 15．考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，如果要实现这一目标，所有的电池板都安装在地面上，太阳能农场将额外需要80920公顷土地。空处修饰名词hectares（公顷），需填形容词，结合前文“We’ve worked out that 0.06%, or 15,580 hectares”（当前已占用15580公顷），可知此处指“额外需要的”，选项E. extra（额外的）符合题意。故选E。 16．考查动词。句意：估算数值各不相同，但高尔夫球场据信占土地面积的约0.5%。文章整体为一般现在时，空处作谓语，主语Estimates（估算数值）为复数，动词用原形。结合“but”后的转折内容，此处指估算结果不一致，选项K. vary（变化，各不相同）符合题意。故选K。 17．考查动词。句意：实际上，一些电池板可能会安装在大型工业设施的屋顶上，有些甚至可能漂浮在广阔的水面上。空处与前面的be构成进行时态，需填现在分词形式，结合“on vast waters”（在广阔水面上），选项F. floating（漂浮，过去分词形式）符合题意。故选F。 18．考查名词。句意：根据目前电池板安装位置的比例，太阳能将占用0.22%的土地。空处作Based on的宾语，需填名词形式，结合后文“0.22% of land”（土地的0.22%），此处指“安装位置的比例”，选项J. proportions（比例，复数形式）符合题意。故选J。 19．考查形容词。句意：研究人员写道：“与农业等主要土地用途相比，太阳能农场可能占用的土地面积很小，并且可以结合多种土地用途。”空处修饰名词land uses（土地用途），需填形容词，结合后文“Sheep can be raised between rows of panels”（可在电池板行间养羊），可知此处指“多种用途”，选项I. multiple（多种的）符合题意。故选I。 20．考查动词。句意：根据剑桥大学团队最近的一项研究，它们（太阳能农场）可以比附近的耕地吸引更多的鸟类。情态动词can后接动词原形，结合“more birds”（更多鸟类），此处指“吸引鸟类”，选项G. host（容纳，吸引，此处可理解为“吸引”）符合题意。故选G。 题型03 完形填空 In the scientific field, just as important as raising our voices is how we come together. Progress doesn’t happen 21 ; it’s fueled by cooperation. Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the 22 of its parts. I’ve witnessed that cooperative power firsthand through an initiative called Native Plant Hub. This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners. Their 23 mission? Addressing critical shortages in native plant materials to support fire reduction, foreign species control, and habitat restoration across the western United States. It couldn’t have succeeded without the combined expertise of these 24 groups. Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen 25 ; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment. It’s a model for how we should 26 solutions that encourage innovation and transform the world. That’s why I’m so passionate about the CES network — it’s right there in the name: Cooperative Ecosystem Studies. Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress. Through partnerships, improvements emerge that might 27 remain difficult to achieve. For example, a project highlight I’m currently writing looks at the cooperation between University of Oregon researchers and the Park Service to study the cultural landscape of Carlsbad Caverns. When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team 28 hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation. But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved 29 . One key moment came when the team faced the 30 of a worsening historic wooden staircase, which had become a habitat for microorganisms. Without precautions(预防措施,), disturbing the structure could have 31 the cave’s delicate ecosystem. Before removing it, the microbiologist proposed covering the staircase to 32 unintended harm. After the successful relocation, the team proposed using projected images to illustrate its former 33 , enabling visitors to appreciate its historical significance. This cooperation — combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation — safeguarded both the cave’s ecological 34 and historical significance. The result is an approach that 35 environmental conservation and cultural preservation, ensuring the long-term protection of our national parks. Too often, scientific research operates separately. But real progress doesn’t come from opposition; it comes from cooperation. 21．A．in time B．under discussion C．for good D．in isolation 22．A．difference B．change C．sum D．management 23．A．respective B．deserted C．transitional D．shared 24．A．diverse B．educational C．foreign D．regional 25．A．slowly B．alongside C．overnight D．properly 26．A．unlock B．skip C．interpret D．classify 27．A．similarly B．otherwise C．altogether D．eventually 28．A．consequently B．regretfully C．fortunately D．initially 29．A．unrealistic B．invaluable C．misleading D．conventional 30．A．establishment B．decoration C．removal D．coverage 31．A．sustained B．replaced C．reformed D．ruined 32．A．cause B．mask C．prevent D．suffer 33．A．presence B．expression C．pollution D．strategy 34．A．supervision B．integrity C．guidance D．occupation 35．A．accesses B．balances C．evaluates D．traces 【答案】 21．D 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章强调科学进步依赖合作而非孤立，以本土植物中心和洞穴保护项目为例，说明跨领域协作能创造更大价值，实现生态与文化保护的平衡。 21．考查介词短语辨析。句意：进步并非孤立发生；它是合作推动的。A. in time及时；B. under discussion讨论中；C. for good永远；D. in isolation孤立地。根据“it’s fueled by cooperation”和下文“Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the 　2　 of its parts.(就像一支乐队，每种乐器各司其职，来自不同背景的科学家协调他们的专业知识，创造出比各部分总和更伟大的东西。)”可知，只有相互合作，才能取得进步，所以进步并非是孤立发生的。故选D。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像一支乐队，每种乐器各司其职，来自不同背景的科学家协调他们的专业知识，创造出比各部分总和更伟大的东西。A. difference不同；B. change变化；C. sum总和；D. management管理。根据第1小题可知，合作可以推动进步的产生，所以乐队通过各个乐器的合作配合演奏出的乐曲，要胜于单个乐器的简单相加；同样，来自不同背景的科学家协调融合他们的专业知识所创造出来的东西，也要比单个知识简单相加的总和更伟大。故选C。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的共同使命？A. respective各自的、分别的；B. deserted荒废的；C. transitional过渡的；D. shared共同的。根据上文“This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners.(这一倡议将地方政府、部落社区、学术机构以及私人土地所有者聚集在一起。)”可知，这里是问的这些聚集着共同的使命。故选D。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有这些不同群体的综合专业知识，它就不会成功。A. diverse不同的、各种各样的；B. educational教育的；C. foreign外国的；D. regional区域的。根据上文“This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners.(这一倡议将地方政府、部落社区、学术机构以及私人土地所有者聚集在一起。)”可知，成功依赖于这些不同群体的综合的专业知识。故选A。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：每一个都贡献了一些必不可少的东西，证明了大规模的保护工作不是一夜之间就能完成的。A. slowly缓慢地；B. alongside在旁边；C. overnight一夜之间；D. properly适当地、正确地。根据下文“they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment.(它们需要长期的投资、合作以及承诺。)”可知，大规模的保护工作是一个长期的过程，所以不是一夜之间就能完成的。故选C。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个为我们提供应该如何解锁鼓励创新和改变世界的解决方案的范例。A. unlock解锁；B. skip跳过、略过；C. interpret解释；D. classify分类。根据上文“Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen 　　5　　; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment.(每一个都贡献了一些必不可少的东西，证明了大规模的保护工作不是一夜之间就能完成的；它们需要长期的投资、合作以及承诺。)”和本句中的“innovation and transform”可知，大规模的保护工作需要长期的投资、合作和承诺才能实现，这为如何能找到并实施——即解锁鼓励创新和改变世界的解决方法提供了范例。故选A。 27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过合作，可以产生进步，否则这些进步可能难以实现。A. similarly相似地；B. otherwise否则；C. altogether总共；D. eventually最终。根据上文“Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress.(知识交流与专业互鉴是科学进步的基础。)”可知，相互合作是取得科学进步的基础，否则难以取得进步。故选B。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队最初并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用。A. consequently因此、结果；B. regretfully遗憾地、懊悔地；C. fortunately幸运地；D. initially开始、最初。根据下文“But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved 　9　.(但一旦参与其中，这位微生物学家的建议就被证明是非常宝贵的。)”可知，大学团队应该一开始并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用，直到参与其中才发现引进的微生物学家建议的宝贵。故选D。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但一旦参与其中，这位微生物学家的建议就被证明是非常宝贵的。A. unrealistic不切实际的；B. invaluable极宝贵的、无价的；C. misleading误导的；D. conventional惯例的。根据上文“When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team 　8　 hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation.(当公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队最初并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用。)”可知，两句之间为转折关系，说明公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队一开始并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用，但是当微生物学家参与其中后，他所提出的建议应该被证明是非常有效、非常宝贵的。故选B。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个关键时刻到来了，团队面临着拆除一座日益恶化的历史木楼梯的问题，该楼梯已成为微生物的栖息地。A. establishment建立；B. decoration装饰；C. removal移走、清除；D. coverage覆盖、新闻报道。根据下文的“Before removing it,(在拆除它之前)”可知，团队面临的应该是要拆除一座历史木楼梯的问题。故选C。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果没有预防措施，扰乱结构可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统。A. sustained维持；B. replaced代替；C. reformed改革；D. ruined毁坏、破坏。根据上文的“which had become a habitat for microorganisms(该楼梯已成为微生物的栖息地)”和常识可知，如果没有预防措施，拆除一座日益恶化的、已成为微生物栖息地的历史木楼梯，扰乱了楼梯的结构，很可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统。故选D。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在拆除它之前，微生物学家建议覆盖楼梯以防止意外伤害。A. cause引起；B. mask掩饰、遮盖；C. prevent阻止、防止；D. suffer遭受。根据第11小题和常识可知，如果不采取预防措施，那么扰乱楼梯结构就很可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统，所以在拆除前覆盖楼梯，是为了防止意外的伤害。故选C。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功搬迁后，团队建议用投影图像来展示其昔日的存在，让游客领略其历史意义。A. presence存在；B. expression表达；C. pollution污染；D. strategy策略。根据句中的“relocation”和“projected images”可知，历史木楼梯已经成功搬走，所以根据团队建议，游客们只能通过投影图像来看到它昔日存在时的全貌。故选A。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种合作将科学专业知识与文化遗产保护结合起来，保障了洞穴的生态完整性和历史意义。A. supervision监督、管理；B. integrity完整性；C. guidance指导；D. occupation职业、占用。根据第11、12小题和上文的“After the successful relocation”可知，历史木楼梯被成功搬迁，并未破坏洞穴的生态系统，所以保障了它的完整性。故选B。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其结果是一种平衡环境保护和文化保护的方法，确保我们国家公园的长期保护。A. accesses接近、进入；B. balances平衡；C. evaluates评估；D. traces追踪。根据上文“This cooperation—combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation—safeguarded both the cave’s ecological 　14　 and historical significance.(这种合作将科学专业知识与文化遗产保护结合起来，保障了洞穴的生态完整性和历史意义。)”可知，这种合作既保护了文化遗产，又保护了生态环境，是一种平衡环境保护和文化保护的方法。故选B。 题型04 阅读理解 On farms all over the country, even the most traditional ones, thought is being given to the possibilities of AI. For the moment, artificial intelligence isn’t making much of an impact on the daily lives of most British farmers. But the way AI can change agriculture in the near future is very much a reality in universities and research labs. My eyes were opened to the possibilities on a visit to a lab where cows were being automatically (自动化) monitored in an innovative ‘smart’ dairy. AI was learning to recognize each individual cow and keep a record of its behavior. It then analyzed the data to warn of any signs of illness.   Meanwhile, in my home county, work is underway to ensure that the upcoming generation of farmers isn’t left behind. In a few weeks’ time, newly arrived students at the Royal Agricultural University (RAU) will start their course in Agricultural Technology, at the heart of which is AI’s role in making farming more effective, productive and adaptive in a world of changing weather patterns. This would have sounded like science fiction in the 1950s, but now, 70 years on, I’m encouraged that tomorrow’s farmers are being armed with the know-how to succeed in the new digital age.   Naturally, there are concerns about what all this might mean for the countless number of people who depend on farming for their livelihood (生计). Soft fruit and seasonal vegetables are extremely tender and need an army of pickers and packers who may find themselves replaced at some point by the sort of standard precision-robots that have been trialled (试用) on a strawberry farm.   In recent years many places have struggled to employ and keep seasonal workers, so rather than create unemployment, AI might just provide the answer to a worrying labor gap. It’s worth saying that this technology will need a whole new set of workers to produce the hardware, input new data and then install (安装), maintain, repair and replace systems and kit. So don’t lose hope but do consider upskilling (技能提升).   Since the Industrial Revolution, every generation of farmers has had to deal with the technological changes of the day and they have successfully adapted to survive. Who knows! AI may well turn out to be just the latest in a long line of challenges to be accepted by adaptable and spirited farmers. And anything that saves me the worry of checking the weather forecast day and night during harvest season must be a good thing. 36．What did the author discover during his visit to the lab? A．AI has made automation a reality in the dairy industry. B．AI has helped most British farmers to closely monitor cows. C．AI is being developed to improve cow health through behavior analysis. D．AI is primarily being used to change universities and labs across Britain. 37．What is the focus of the course in Agricultural Technology at the RAU? A．The role of traditional methods in increasing crop productivity. B．The development of AI in agricultural practices in the UK. C．The ways climate change affects global food security. D．The impact of AI on improving farming efficiency and productivity. 38．What can be inferred about the introduction of AI in agriculture from the third and the fourth paragraphs? A．It will lead to widespread unemployment. B．It may help address the labor shortage issue. C．It will remove the need for human labor completely. D．It doesn’t affect the nature of seasonal workers. 39．What is the author’s attitude towards the use of AI in agriculture? A．Optimistic. B．Distrustful. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned. 【答案】36．C 37．D 38．B 39．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要探讨了人工智能在农业领域的应用及其影响，通过作者参观实验室和皇家农业大学的课程介绍，展现了AI在提升农业效率、解决劳动力短缺问题等方面的潜力，并表达了作者对AI在农业中应用的乐观态度。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段中“AI was learning to recognize each individual cow and keep a record of its behavior. It then analyzed the data to warn of any signs of illness.(人工智能正在学习识别每一头奶牛，并记录它们的行为。然后，它分析数据以警告任何疾病的迹象)”可知，作者在参观实验室时发现，AI正在被开发用于通过行为分析来改善奶牛健康。故选C项。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a few weeks’ time, newly arrived students at the Royal Agricultural University (RAU) will start their course in Agricultural Technology, at the heart of which is AI’s role in making farming more effective, productive and adaptive in a world of changing weather patterns.(几周后，皇家农业大学(RAU)的新生将开始他们的农业技术课程，其核心是人工智能在变化的气候模式下使农业更有效、多产和适应性的作用)”可知，RAU农业技术课程的核心是人工智能在提高农业效率和生产力方面的作用。故选D项。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Soft fruit and seasonal vegetables are extremely tender and need an army of pickers and packers who may find themselves replaced at some point by the sort of standard precision-robots that have been trialled (试用) on a strawberry farm.(软果和季节性蔬菜非常娇嫩，需要大量的采摘者和包装工，他们可能会在某个时候被在草莓农场试用的那种标准精密机器人所取代)”以及第四段中“In recent years many places have struggled to employ and keep seasonal workers, so rather than create unemployment, AI might just provide the answer to a worrying labor gap.(近年来，许多地方都在努力雇佣和留住季节性工人，因此，人工智能可能不会造成失业，而是为令人担忧的劳动力缺口提供答案)”可推知，人工智能的引入可能有助于解决农业中的劳动力短缺问题。故选B项。 39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since the Industrial Revolution, every generation of farmers has had to deal with the technological changes of the day and they have successfully adapted to survive. Who knows! AI may well turn out to be just the latest in a long line of challenges to be accepted by adaptable and spirited farmers. And anything that saves me the worry of checking the weather forecast day and night during harvest season must be a good thing.(自工业革命以来，每一代农民都不得不应对当时的技术变革，并且他们成功地适应了生存。谁知道呢!人工智能很可能只是一系列挑战中的最新一个，这些挑战将被适应性强、精神饱满的农民所接受。任何能让我在收获季节不用日夜担心天气预报的事情都是好事)”可推知，作者对人工智能在农业中的应用持乐观态度。故选A项。 $