热点15 海洋探索与宇宙奥秘（热点专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题材热点15 海洋探索与宇宙奥秘 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 科学家们直到二十世纪晚期才发现，其实许多小行星的运行轨道经常会接近地球。虽然这些小行星很可能只是与我们“擦肩而过”，但发生撞击的概率并非为零。那么，我们被一颗小行星撞击的概率有多大？最近，一颗代号为2025 YR4的小行星受到了天文学家的持续追踪，因为它被预测有2.3%的概率在2032年撞击地球。本文浅谈小行星撞击地球的概率有多大。 【原文欣赏】 What are the chances of an asteroid hitting you ? 1 An asteroid ended the age of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago. Could something as catastrophic as that happen again? 2 Asteroids are something astronomers closely track. Recently, the asteroid named 2024 YR4 made headlines for its tiny, but real, chance of colliding with Earth in 2032. In February 2025, NASA increased the impact probability of this asteroid hitting us to 2.3%. Scientists have calculated that YR4 is between 40m and 90m in diameter. It would have the power of a nuclear bomb if it was to hit Earth, causing severe damage if the impact was in a populated area. However, Dr Robert Massey of the Royal Astronomical Society urges calm. He said he is not “losing sleep over” the asteroid, but stresses that funding planetary defence and spotting potential threats is essential. 3 So what are asteroids? They are fragments of rock left over from the creation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago. They frequently orbit close to Earth pushed by the gravity of other planets, though it was only in the late 1900s that scientists were able to systematically track near-Earth objects and learn this. They found that asteroids of more than 40m across, that’s large enough to destroy a city, cross the Earth’s path within lunar distance several times a year. 4 The chance of an asteroid being large enough to penetrate our atmosphere intact and destroy a city is likely to happen once in every hundred years. In 1908, an asteroid exploded over Siberia, injuring people and buildings across more than 500 square kilometres. However, actual impacts aren’t as common as near-misses. For example, the asteroid Apophis raised alarms after it was discovered in 2004 because it was estimated to be around the size of a cruise ship. Even scarier, in 1994, the comet named Shoemaker-Levy 9 crashed into Jupiter, and, if it had hit Earth, all life would have been wiped out, just like the dinosaurs were. 5 So, it’s safe to enjoy admiring the night sky because the chances of you being hit by an asteroid are very, very small, even if they’re not zero. 【译文赏析】 你被一颗小行星撞击的概率有多大？ 1 6600万年前，一颗小行星终结了恐龙时代。如此灾难性事件是否可能重演？ 2 天文学家密切关注小行星动态。最近，编号2024 YR4的小行星因2032年与地球发生碰撞的微小但真实可能性引发关注。2025年2月，美国宇航局将该小行星撞击地球的概率提升至2.3%。科学家测算其直径介于4000万至9000万米之间。若撞击地球，其威力堪比核弹，若发生在人口密集区将造成严重破坏。不过英国皇家天文学会的罗伯特·梅西博士呼吁保持冷静，他表示自己“并未为此夜不能寐”，但强调资助行星防御系统和监测潜在威胁至关重要。 3 那么什么是小行星？它们是46亿年前太阳系形成时遗留的岩石碎片。尽管直到20世纪末科学家才系统追踪近地天体并掌握相关知识，但这些天体常在其他行星引力作用下绕地球运行。研究发现，直径超过4000万米（足以摧毁一座城市）的小行星每年会多次穿越地球轨道至月球距离。 4 一颗足以穿透地球大气层并摧毁城市的大型小行星，百年一遇。1908年，一颗小行星在西伯利亚上空爆炸，造成500多平方公里范围内人员伤亡和建筑物损毁。不过，真正的撞击事件远不如擦肩而过的情况常见。例如，2004年发现的阿波菲斯小行星就曾引发警报，因其体积估计与游轮相当。更令人胆寒的是，1994年被命名为舒梅克-列维9号的彗星曾撞击木星，若当时撞上地球，所有生命都将灭绝，就像恐龙灭绝那样。 5. 因此，我们完全有理由安心欣赏夜空——即使存在被小行星撞击的可能，但概率微乎其微，远非零。 测验与练习 一、为本文选择总结句。 a. Asteroids are more common than you think. b. Asteroids are unlikely to impact you. c. Asteroids are more of a danger than ever. 二、根据文章内容选出正确的选项。 1. Scientists expect 2024 YR4 to hit Earth in the next ten years. a. True          b. False          c. Not given 2. What does Dr Massey say is very important? a. remaining calm in the event of an impact b. ensuring budget is spent on space trips c. continuing to research the likelihood of asteroid impacts 3. Asteroids come close to our planet because of… a. the gravitational pull of Earth. b. lunar forces impacting Earth. c. the gravitational push from other planets. 4. What does ‘this’ refer to in the following sentence? …it was only in the late 1900s that scientists were able to systematically track near-Earth objects and learn this. a. That asteroids regularly come close to Earth. b. Gravity plays a role in the movement of asteroids. c. That asteroids of 40m in diameter could destroy a city. 5. Apophis was a large asteroid that hit Earth in 2004. a. True          b. False          c. Not given 三、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 planetary defence near-misses nuclear bomb fragments wipe out asteroid intact A/an 1) _______ could 2) _______ humanity, but it’s unlikely. 3) _______ are more common than impacts, though 4) _______ is something that money should be spent on because the chance isn’t zero. An asteroid the size of YR4 could hit with the power of a 5) _______, for example. 【词汇积累】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 astronomer 天文学家 collide 碰撞 diameter 直径 nuclear bomb 核弹 lose sleep 失眠 planetary defence 行星防卫 fragment 碎片 left over 被剩下的 solar system 太阳系 orbit 沿轨道运行 gravity 重力 systematically 系统性地 penetrate 穿透，突破 intact 完好无损的 near-miss 擦肩而过，差点击中 raise alarm 发出警报，引起警惕 wipe out 彻底摧毁   （建议用时：60分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Beaches on MarsThey’re not like those in the Caribbean, but the Red Planet’s beaches may still have attracted microbial (微生物的) tourists. New research suggests that not only was Mars once a perfect holiday destination 1 you’re willing to overlook the radiation exposure and absence of food sources, but was also in possession of the right conditions to host alien life. It all stems from the discovery of ancient sandy beaches on Mars 2 (suggest) a large liquid ocean once spread over the northern part of the Red Planet. The team behind the research says that this ancient shoreline is the clearest evidence yet that Mars was previously habitable. “When we look back at where the 3 (early) life on Earth developed, it was in the interaction between oceans and land. So this discovery is painting a picture of ancient habitable environments capable of harbouring conditions friendly 4 microbial life,” said Benjamin Cardenas, one of the researchers on the team. “We found evidence for wind, waves, no shortage of sand — a proper, vacation-style beach.” The researchers used the radar imaging equipment aboard China’s Zhurong rover 5 (explore) the ground beneath Utopia Planitia (乌托邦平原) on Mars. The scans picked up 76 hidden formations buried 10-35m below the surface that the evidence suggests 6 (produce) by sedimentary (沉积的) deposits. The shape, thickness and length of the Martian deposits indicate that they were formed by a stable ancient ocean, almost identical to 7 , found in 21 locations on Earth, including the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean. Such formations 8 are called ‘foreshore deposits’ detected beneath the Martian surface slope down at an angle of 15° towards what was once an ocean and were formed by tides carrying sediments. “We tend to think about Mars as an unchanging snapshot of a planet, but it was evolving with rivers flowing, sediment moving, and land 9 (build) and eroded,” said Cardenas. “This type of sedimentary geology can tell us 10 the landscape looked like, how it evolved and, importantly, help us identify where we would want to look for past life.” 题型02 选词填空 Directions: Fill in eat blank with a proper word chosen form the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．arrives    B．observable  C． boundless.    D．contained. E. distancing. F. expansion G. lies    H. parallel    I. perceiving    J. threads    K. volume What Comes After Space? Looking at a clear night sky you witness the vastness of space, which holds everything humans know to exist. To find out what 11 beyond a good place to start is to determine where the universe ends. However, the problem is that scientist are uncertain about where space ends or whether it ends at all. The 12 universe The furthest humans can see out into space,using all the technology currently available to us,is 46 billion light years (alight year is the distance that light can travel in one year,and is equivalent to about 9. 5 million million kilometres). The 13 of space that humans can see is called the visible universe. Beyond this, it remains a mystery whether it’s an expanse of more galaxies and stars or possibly the edge of the universe. Some think that the universe is 14 , meaning space goes on forever in every direction. In this case,there is nothing after space,because space is everything. Moving further away Experts have captured images of the entire Earth from space,and some astronauts have personally witnessed its beauty from orbit. Perhaps 15 the limits of the universe would also be possible too, if only humans knew where to go to look for it. Another challenge is the universe’s rapid 16 . As galaxies move further away their light  takes longer to reach us. Eventually, some galaxies may be so distant that their light never 17 . This might imply that any edge— and whatever is on the other side — is increasingly 18 itself from us. Regardless of these uncertainties, scientists still spend a lot of time thinking about what comes after space. Many universes? It’s possible that there isn’t just one universe, and that our universe is just one small part of a “multiverse”. Perhaps our universe is 19 within its own distinct region of space, separated from others by vast expanses of nothingness. Or maybe 20 universes exist pressed tightly against each other. Getting an idea of the universe’s true shape may help astronomers find out whether it has an edge. What comes after that could be an even great mystery. 题型03 完形填空 “It will be marvelous. It will be spiritual.” This is the 21 tagline that Virgin Galactic used in 2004 to attract potential customers to its planned space tourism services. It promised that, within five years, it would take a total of over 3,000 passengers on life-changing trips in its spaceships. On July 11, 2021, after a last 90-minute delay, Virgin Galactic finally began its fulfillment of that original 22 . For four minutes, its six temporarily weightless passengers, including the firm’s British co-founder, Sir Richard Branson, saw the planet against the blackness of outer space. Back on the ground, Sir Richard called the experience “magical”. He may have 23 the fact that he was able to reach space earlier than Jeff Bezos, a fellow billionaire but much wealthier. On July 20, Bezos would go slightly higher, for slightly less time, in a vehicle that had been built by his own spacefaring company, Blue Origin. The two tycoons (大亨) are among a growing number of 24 who believe that space tourism’s time has come. Suborbital (亚轨道的) tourism is part of a broader space economy that has rapidly grown over the past decade 25 technological advances. However, it is highly 26 that this will be true. For now, Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic will offer 27 suborbital flights to paying customers. Blue Origin is focusing much more on the development of a large new rocket that will be used for the launching of satellites, on selling advanced rocket engines to other companies, and on bidding (投标) on NASA contracts such as the recently announced plan to send humans back to the moon. 28 , Bezos doesn’t see Blue Origin as a provider of services to adventure-seekers. Even this 4-minute suborbital travels have a(n) 29 , apparently. A major survey found that nearly two in five people with a net worth of over five million dollars would consider paying $250,000, Virgin Galactic’s current price, for a ticket. The business could be 30 , once regular flights begin to offset (抵消) the rockets’ development costs. But how fast and by how much is 31 . Without tourist-friendly destinations to visit (the capacity of the International Space Station is strictly limited), orbital tourism, with its far higher ticket prices, will not be a huge earner. Another challenge — and the industry’s biggest remaining uncertainty — relates to 32 . History has shown that a disaster, 33 in the early stages of an industry, can set progress back by years. NASA 34 its plan to send the untrained to orbit in 1986 after a school teacher was killed along with the rest of the crew in the Challenger tragedy. It was another 15 years before the next untrained person would 35 the journey on a Russian craft. 21．A．modest B．demanding C．motivational D．unclear 22．A．obligation B．commitment C．requirement D．survey 23．A．felt ashamed of B．kept an eye on C．felt content with D．got upset with 24．A．optimists B．opponents C．experts D．objectors 25．A．thanks to B．but for C．apart from D．in spite of 26．A．impossible B．undoubted C．probable D．favorable 27．A．long-lasting B．inexpensive C．automatic D．brief 28．A．On the contrary B．What’s more C．In the long run D．Above all 29．A．shortcoming B．limitation C．advantage D．appeal 30．A．profitable B．uneconomic C．eco-friendly D．globalized 31．A．predictable B．essential C．irrelevant D．uncertain 32．A．development B．security C．stability D．novelty 33．A．particularly B．critically C．precisely D．unforeseeably 34．A．initiated B．drafted C．modified D．suspended 35．A．brave B．abandon C．steer D．pause 题型04 六选四 The Health Risk in Space On May 30, 2023, China achieved a significant milestone by successfully launching three astronauts to its fully operational space station aboard the Shenzhou 16 spacecraft. This brought the population in orbit at the same time to a record high of 17. With more countries planning missions and commercial companies bringing people to space, opportunities for human space travel are rapidly expanding. 36 Since NASA wants to send a manned mission to Mars in the 2030s, scientists need to find solutions sooner rather than later. The Earth has a protective barrier, which is the area of space around a planet that is controlled by its magnetic field (磁场) and blocks radiation. 37 . As the equivalent between 150 and 6,000 chest X-rays, this level of radiation can harm the human body, leading to heart disease. In addition, it can make the blood-brain barrier leak, exposing the brain to chemicals and proteins that are harmful to it. Astronauts must be well protected on future long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit. NASA is developing technology that can protect travelers on a Mars mission from radiation by building radiation-resistant materials into space vehicles and spacesuits. 38 Developing ways to reduce the effects of space radiation will enable missions other than traveling in space. 39 For example, products that protect astronauts from space radiation and reduce its harmful effects on the human body can also treat cancer patients receiving radiation treatments. A．However, astronauts traveling farther than the space station will face continuous exposure to this radiation. B．Medical and technological advances in the field bring benefits on Earth. C．Space exploration has led to many technological achievements advancing water treatment and satellite systems. D．Certain diets also bring the effects of radiation to a minimum. E．Despite the progress, traveling to space poses risks to the human body. F．NASA is planning dedicated extended-duration research on the space station. 题型05 概要写作 Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The idea of humans making a new home on Mars is mind-bending enough on the surface. What's even wilder is that human colonization of the Red Planet's harsh and exotic atmosphere — if we can achieve it — might accelerate our species' evolution. "Given how different the Martian environment is, you'd expect strong natural selection," says Scott Solomon, an evolutionary biologist at Rice University in Houston. Mars sits about 34 million miles away from Earth, and Earthlings still face plenty of obstacles before we even reach it. But if we do (somehow) get to Mars and establish a colony of permanent residents, factors like comparatively higher radiation, lower gravity and a vast change in lifestyle could prompt significant evolutionary changes in our bodies-much more quickly than those that have transpired on our home planet. There is a determining factor in this potential shift, which would vastly influence how rapidly humans would adapt to new condition. If humans moved back and forth between Earth and Mars as often as every generation or two, new introduction of Earth-born human genes might low the effects of certain genetic mutations (基因突变). By contrast, remaining on a Martian colony for longer stretches could quicken that change. More tense radiation on Mars could provoke elevated rates of genetic mutations in humans born there. And any favorable mutations that help humans better cope with conditions on Mars may be inherited by future generations. Survival of the fittest is a key concept in evolution. But based on major advances in gene-editing tools like CRISPR, it's possible that humans on Mars may not need to leave evolution up to nature. Solomon says we currently have the tools to help support potential Mars residents." It could potentially be a powerful tool to make changes so people could survive and be appted to the Martain environment," Solomon says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $ 题材热点15 海洋探索与宇宙奥秘 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 科学家们直到二十世纪晚期才发现，其实许多小行星的运行轨道经常会接近地球。虽然这些小行星很可能只是与我们“擦肩而过”，但发生撞击的概率并非为零。那么，我们被一颗小行星撞击的概率有多大？最近，一颗代号为2025 YR4的小行星受到了天文学家的持续追踪，因为它被预测有2.3%的概率在2032年撞击地球。本文浅谈小行星撞击地球的概率有多大。 【原文欣赏】 What are the chances of an asteroid hitting you ? 1 An asteroid ended the age of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago. Could something as catastrophic as that happen again? 2 Asteroids are something astronomers closely track. Recently, the asteroid named 2024 YR4 made headlines for its tiny, but real, chance of colliding with Earth in 2032. In February 2025, NASA increased the impact probability of this asteroid hitting us to 2.3%. Scientists have calculated that YR4 is between 40m and 90m in diameter. It would have the power of a nuclear bomb if it was to hit Earth, causing severe damage if the impact was in a populated area. However, Dr Robert Massey of the Royal Astronomical Society urges calm. He said he is not “losing sleep over” the asteroid, but stresses that funding planetary defence and spotting potential threats is essential. 3 So what are asteroids? They are fragments of rock left over from the creation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago. They frequently orbit close to Earth pushed by the gravity of other planets, though it was only in the late 1900s that scientists were able to systematically track near-Earth objects and learn this. They found that asteroids of more than 40m across, that’s large enough to destroy a city, cross the Earth’s path within lunar distance several times a year. 4 The chance of an asteroid being large enough to penetrate our atmosphere intact and destroy a city is likely to happen once in every hundred years. In 1908, an asteroid exploded over Siberia, injuring people and buildings across more than 500 square kilometres. However, actual impacts aren’t as common as near-misses. For example, the asteroid Apophis raised alarms after it was discovered in 2004 because it was estimated to be around the size of a cruise ship. Even scarier, in 1994, the comet named Shoemaker-Levy 9 crashed into Jupiter, and, if it had hit Earth, all life would have been wiped out, just like the dinosaurs were. 5 So, it’s safe to enjoy admiring the night sky because the chances of you being hit by an asteroid are very, very small, even if they’re not zero. 【译文赏析】 你被一颗小行星撞击的概率有多大？ 1 6600万年前，一颗小行星终结了恐龙时代。如此灾难性事件是否可能重演？ 2 天文学家密切关注小行星动态。最近，编号2024 YR4的小行星因2032年与地球发生碰撞的微小但真实可能性引发关注。2025年2月，美国宇航局将该小行星撞击地球的概率提升至2.3%。科学家测算其直径介于4000万至9000万米之间。若撞击地球，其威力堪比核弹，若发生在人口密集区将造成严重破坏。不过英国皇家天文学会的罗伯特·梅西博士呼吁保持冷静，他表示自己“并未为此夜不能寐”，但强调资助行星防御系统和监测潜在威胁至关重要。 3 那么什么是小行星？它们是46亿年前太阳系形成时遗留的岩石碎片。尽管直到20世纪末科学家才系统追踪近地天体并掌握相关知识，但这些天体常在其他行星引力作用下绕地球运行。研究发现，直径超过4000万米（足以摧毁一座城市）的小行星每年会多次穿越地球轨道至月球距离。 4 一颗足以穿透地球大气层并摧毁城市的大型小行星，百年一遇。1908年，一颗小行星在西伯利亚上空爆炸，造成500多平方公里范围内人员伤亡和建筑物损毁。不过，真正的撞击事件远不如擦肩而过的情况常见。例如，2004年发现的阿波菲斯小行星就曾引发警报，因其体积估计与游轮相当。更令人胆寒的是，1994年被命名为舒梅克-列维9号的彗星曾撞击木星，若当时撞上地球，所有生命都将灭绝，就像恐龙灭绝那样。 5. 因此，我们完全有理由安心欣赏夜空——即使存在被小行星撞击的可能，但概率微乎其微，远非零。 测验与练习 一、为本文选择总结句。 a. Asteroids are more common than you think. b. Asteroids are unlikely to impact you. c. Asteroids are more of a danger than ever. 二、根据文章内容选出正确的选项。 1. Scientists expect 2024 YR4 to hit Earth in the next ten years. a. True          b. False          c. Not given 2. What does Dr Massey say is very important? a. remaining calm in the event of an impact b. ensuring budget is spent on space trips c. continuing to research the likelihood of asteroid impacts 3. Asteroids come close to our planet because of… a. the gravitational pull of Earth. b. lunar forces impacting Earth. c. the gravitational push from other planets. 4. What does ‘this’ refer to in the following sentence? …it was only in the late 1900s that scientists were able to systematically track near-Earth objects and learn this. a. That asteroids regularly come close to Earth. b. Gravity plays a role in the movement of asteroids. c. That asteroids of 40m in diameter could destroy a city. 5. Apophis was a large asteroid that hit Earth in 2004. a. True          b. False          c. Not given 三、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 planetary defence near-misses nuclear bomb fragments wipe out asteroid intact A/an 1) _______ could 2) _______ humanity, but it’s unlikely. 3) _______ are more common than impacts, though 4) _______ is something that money should be spent on because the chance isn’t zero. An asteroid the size of YR4 could hit with the power of a 5) _______, for example. 答案 一、为本文选择总结句。 b. The chances of you being hit are very, very small, but they’re not zero. 二、根据文章内容选出正确的选项。 1. b. False.In February 2025, NASA increased the impact probability of this asteroid hitting us to 2.3%. 2. c. …but stresses that funding planetary defence and spotting potential threats is essential. 3. c. They frequently orbit close to Earth pushed by the gravity of other planets. 4. a. They frequently orbit close to Earth pushed by the gravity of other planets, though it was only in the late 1900s that scientists were able to systematically track near-Earth objects and learn this. 5. c. Not given. It says the asteroid raised alarms, meaning caused people to worry, but doesn’t say if it hit Earth or not. The asteroid Apophis raised alarms after it was discovered in 2004 because it was estimated to be around the size of a cruise ship. 三、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 An asteroid could wipe out humanity, but it’s unlikely. Near-misses are more common than impacts, though planetary defence is something that money should be spent on because the chance isn’t zero. An asteroid the size of YR4 could hit with the power of a nuclear bomb, for example. 【词汇积累】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 astronomer 天文学家 collide 碰撞 diameter 直径 nuclear bomb 核弹 lose sleep 失眠 planetary defence 行星防卫 fragment 碎片 left over 被剩下的 solar system 太阳系 orbit 沿轨道运行 gravity 重力 systematically 系统性地 penetrate 穿透，突破 intact 完好无损的 near-miss 擦肩而过，差点击中 raise alarm 发出警报，引起警惕 wipe out 彻底摧毁   （建议用时：60分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Beaches on MarsThey’re not like those in the Caribbean, but the Red Planet’s beaches may still have attracted microbial (微生物的) tourists. New research suggests that not only was Mars once a perfect holiday destination 1 you’re willing to overlook the radiation exposure and absence of food sources, but was also in possession of the right conditions to host alien life. It all stems from the discovery of ancient sandy beaches on Mars 2 (suggest) a large liquid ocean once spread over the northern part of the Red Planet. The team behind the research says that this ancient shoreline is the clearest evidence yet that Mars was previously habitable. “When we look back at where the 3 (early) life on Earth developed, it was in the interaction between oceans and land. So this discovery is painting a picture of ancient habitable environments capable of harbouring conditions friendly 4 microbial life,” said Benjamin Cardenas, one of the researchers on the team. “We found evidence for wind, waves, no shortage of sand — a proper, vacation-style beach.” The researchers used the radar imaging equipment aboard China’s Zhurong rover 5 (explore) the ground beneath Utopia Planitia (乌托邦平原) on Mars. The scans picked up 76 hidden formations buried 10-35m below the surface that the evidence suggests 6 (produce) by sedimentary (沉积的) deposits. The shape, thickness and length of the Martian deposits indicate that they were formed by a stable ancient ocean, almost identical to 7 , found in 21 locations on Earth, including the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean. Such formations 8 are called ‘foreshore deposits’ detected beneath the Martian surface slope down at an angle of 15° towards what was once an ocean and were formed by tides carrying sediments. “We tend to think about Mars as an unchanging snapshot of a planet, but it was evolving with rivers flowing, sediment moving, and land 9 (build) and eroded,” said Cardenas. “This type of sedimentary geology can tell us 10 the landscape looked like, how it evolved and, importantly, help us identify where we would want to look for past life.” 【答案】 1．if 2．suggesting 3．earliest 4．to 5．to explore 6．were produced 7．those 8．as 9．being built 10．what 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了研究表明火星上存在古代沙滩，这暗示火星北部曾有大片液态海洋，具备宜居条件，甚至可能存在过微生物生命。文章还介绍了研究团队利用中国“祝融号”火星车的雷达成像设备进行探测的过程，以及对火星沉积岩层的分析的意义。 1．考查连词。句意：新的研究表明，只要你愿意忽略辐射暴露和食物来源的缺失，火星不仅曾经是一个完美的度假胜地，而且还具备孕育外星生命的适宜条件。根据句意可知，此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果；只要”，用连词if。故填if。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一切都源于在火星上发现的古代沙滩，这些沙滩表明这颗红色星球的北部曾经覆盖着大片液态海洋。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，ancient sandy beaches与suggest之间是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。故填suggesting。 3．考查形容词最高级。句意：该研究团队的研究员之一本杰明·卡德纳斯说：“当我们回顾地球上最早的生命诞生之地时，会发现是在海洋与陆地的相互作用中。因此，这一发现描绘出了古代宜居环境的图景，这种环境具备孕育微生物生命的友好条件。”根据语境及定冠词the可知，此处表示“最早的”，用early的最高级earliest。故填earliest。 4．考查介词。句意：该研究团队的研究员之一本杰明·卡德纳斯说：“当我们回顾地球上最早的生命诞生之地时，会发现是在海洋与陆地的相互作用中。因此，这一发现描绘出了古代宜居环境的图景，这种环境具备孕育微生物生命的友好条件。”be friendly to是固定搭配，意为“对……友好”。故填to。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员利用中国“祝融号”火星车上的雷达成像设备，对火星乌托邦平原地表以下的区域进行了探测。use sth. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to explore。 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：扫描结果发现了76个隐藏在地表以下10至35米处的构造，有证据表明这些构造是由沉积物形成的。根据语境可知，“构造被形成”是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时；formations与produce之间是被动关系，用被动语态。主谓一致，故填were produced。 7．考查代词。句意：火星沉积物的形状、厚度和长度表明，它们是由一个稳定的古代海洋形成的，这与在地球上21个地点（包括印度洋的孟加拉湾）发现的（沉积物）几乎相同。此处指代前文提到的“deposits”，为避免重复，用those指代同名异物的复数名词。故填those。 8．考查定语从句。句意：在火星地表下探测到的这种被称为“前滨沉积层”的构造，朝着曾经的海洋以15度角倾斜，是由携带沉积物的潮汐形成的。此处先行词formations被such修饰，且为限制性定语从句，根据语法规则，先行词被such修饰时，关系代词需用as，as在从句中作主语。故填 as。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：卡德纳斯说：“我们往往把火星看作是一个一成不变的星球快照，但实际上它一直在演化——河流在流动，沉积物在移动，陆地在形成和侵蚀。”分析句子结构可知，空处与前文并列作with的复合宾语，land与build之间是被动关系并强调进行，用现在分词的被动形式。故填being built。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：这种沉积地质学可以告诉我们地貌曾经的样子、它是如何演化的，更重要的是，帮助我们确定应该去哪里寻找过去的生命痕迹。此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且表示“……的样子”，用连接代词what。故填what。 题型02 选词填空 Directions: Fill in eat blank with a proper word chosen form the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．arrives    B．observable  C． boundless.    D．contained. E. distancing. F. expansion G. lies    H. parallel    I. perceiving    J. threads    K. volume What Comes After Space? Looking at a clear night sky you witness the vastness of space, which holds everything humans know to exist. To find out what 11 beyond a good place to start is to determine where the universe ends. However, the problem is that scientist are uncertain about where space ends or whether it ends at all. The 12 universe The furthest humans can see out into space,using all the technology currently available to us,is 46 billion light years (alight year is the distance that light can travel in one year,and is equivalent to about 9. 5 million million kilometres). The 13 of space that humans can see is called the visible universe. Beyond this, it remains a mystery whether it’s an expanse of more galaxies and stars or possibly the edge of the universe. Some think that the universe is 14 , meaning space goes on forever in every direction. In this case,there is nothing after space,because space is everything. Moving further away Experts have captured images of the entire Earth from space,and some astronauts have personally witnessed its beauty from orbit. Perhaps 15 the limits of the universe would also be possible too, if only humans knew where to go to look for it. Another challenge is the universe’s rapid 16 . As galaxies move further away their light  takes longer to reach us. Eventually, some galaxies may be so distant that their light never 17 . This might imply that any edge— and whatever is on the other side — is increasingly 18 itself from us. Regardless of these uncertainties, scientists still spend a lot of time thinking about what comes after space. Many universes? It’s possible that there isn’t just one universe, and that our universe is just one small part of a “multiverse”. Perhaps our universe is 19 within its own distinct region of space, separated from others by vast expanses of nothingness. Or maybe 20 universes exist pressed tightly against each other. Getting an idea of the universe’s true shape may help astronomers find out whether it has an edge. What comes after that could be an even great mystery. 【答案】 11．G 12．B 13．K 14．C 15．I 16．F 17．A 18．E 19．D 20．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。看着晴朗的夜空，你会看到浩瀚的太空，它容纳了人类所知道的一切。太空之后是什么？作者分享了几个有关太空的谜团。 11．考查动词。句意：找到一个好的起点之外的东西就是确定宇宙的终点。分析句子可知，空格处是what引导的宾语从句的谓语动词；根据句中is to determine where the universe ends 可知，此处应用一般现在时态。主语是单数，故谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式。根据句意，此处指“好的起点之外还有什么”，故选lies。故选G。 12．考查形容词。句意：可观测的宇宙。此处是一个名词短语，空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意，此处指“可观测的宇宙”，故选observable。故选B。 13．考查名词。句意：人类所能看到的空间体积被称为可见宇宙。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作主语。根据句意，此处指“体积”，故选volume。故选K。 14．考查形容词。句意：有些人认为宇宙是无边际的，这意味着空间永远朝着各个方向发展。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据句意及句中“meaning space goes on forever in every direction”可知，此处指“无边际的”，故选 boundless。故选C。 15．考查动名词。句意：如果人类知道去哪里寻找宇宙，也许感知宇宙的极限也是可能的。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动名词作主语。根据句意及句中“if only humans knew where to go to look for it”可知，此处指“感知”，故选perceiving 。故选I。 16．考查名词。句意：另一个挑战是宇宙的快速扩张。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作表语。根据句意，此处指“扩张”，故选 expansion。故选F。 17．考查动词。句意：最终，一些星系可能离我们太远，以至于它们的光永远不会到达。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时态，且主语 their light 是单数，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。根据句意，此处指“到达”，故选arrives 。故选A。 18．考查时态。句意：这可能意味着，任何边缘——以及另一边的边缘——都在与我们越来越疏远。根据空前is increasingly可知，空处应填入现在分词，构成现在进行时。根据句意，此处指“与……疏远”，故选distancing。故选E。 19．考查时态语态。句意：也许我们的宇宙包含在它自己独特的空间区域内，与其他宇宙被浩瀚的虚无所分隔。根据空前is可知，空处应填入过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意，此处指“包含”，故选contained。故选D。 20．考查形容词。句意：或者也许平行的宇宙紧紧地压在一起。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意，此处指“平行的”，故选 parallel。故选H。 题型03 完形填空 “It will be marvelous. It will be spiritual.” This is the 21 tagline that Virgin Galactic used in 2004 to attract potential customers to its planned space tourism services. It promised that, within five years, it would take a total of over 3,000 passengers on life-changing trips in its spaceships. On July 11, 2021, after a last 90-minute delay, Virgin Galactic finally began its fulfillment of that original 22 . For four minutes, its six temporarily weightless passengers, including the firm’s British co-founder, Sir Richard Branson, saw the planet against the blackness of outer space. Back on the ground, Sir Richard called the experience “magical”. He may have 23 the fact that he was able to reach space earlier than Jeff Bezos, a fellow billionaire but much wealthier. On July 20, Bezos would go slightly higher, for slightly less time, in a vehicle that had been built by his own spacefaring company, Blue Origin. The two tycoons (大亨) are among a growing number of 24 who believe that space tourism’s time has come. Suborbital (亚轨道的) tourism is part of a broader space economy that has rapidly grown over the past decade 25 technological advances. However, it is highly 26 that this will be true. For now, Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic will offer 27 suborbital flights to paying customers. Blue Origin is focusing much more on the development of a large new rocket that will be used for the launching of satellites, on selling advanced rocket engines to other companies, and on bidding (投标) on NASA contracts such as the recently announced plan to send humans back to the moon. 28 , Bezos doesn’t see Blue Origin as a provider of services to adventure-seekers. Even this 4-minute suborbital travels have a(n) 29 , apparently. A major survey found that nearly two in five people with a net worth of over five million dollars would consider paying $250,000, Virgin Galactic’s current price, for a ticket. The business could be 30 , once regular flights begin to offset (抵消) the rockets’ development costs. But how fast and by how much is 31 . Without tourist-friendly destinations to visit (the capacity of the International Space Station is strictly limited), orbital tourism, with its far higher ticket prices, will not be a huge earner. Another challenge — and the industry’s biggest remaining uncertainty — relates to 32 . History has shown that a disaster, 33 in the early stages of an industry, can set progress back by years. NASA 34 its plan to send the untrained to orbit in 1986 after a school teacher was killed along with the rest of the crew in the Challenger tragedy. It was another 15 years before the next untrained person would 35 the journey on a Russian craft. 21．A．modest B．demanding C．motivational D．unclear 22．A．obligation B．commitment C．requirement D．survey 23．A．felt ashamed of B．kept an eye on C．felt content with D．got upset with 24．A．optimists B．opponents C．experts D．objectors 25．A．thanks to B．but for C．apart from D．in spite of 26．A．impossible B．undoubted C．probable D．favorable 27．A．long-lasting B．inexpensive C．automatic D．brief 28．A．On the contrary B．What’s more C．In the long run D．Above all 29．A．shortcoming B．limitation C．advantage D．appeal 30．A．profitable B．uneconomic C．eco-friendly D．globalized 31．A．predictable B．essential C．irrelevant D．uncertain 32．A．development B．security C．stability D．novelty 33．A．particularly B．critically C．precisely D．unforeseeably 34．A．initiated B．drafted C．modified D．suspended 35．A．brave B．abandon C．steer D．pause 【答案】 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．A 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．D 30．A 31．D 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太空旅行的发展、吸引力以及行业的不确定性。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是维珍银河公司在2004年用以吸引潜在客户使用其计划中的太空旅游服务的激励性口号。A. modest谦虚的；B. demanding要求高的；C. motivational激励的；D. unclear不清楚的。根据上文“It will be marvelous. It will be spiritual.”可知，此处表示这是公司吸引潜在客户的激励性口号。故选C项。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2021年7月11日，在最后90分钟的延迟后，维珍银河终于开始履行最初的承诺。A. obligation义务；B. commitment承诺；C. requirement要求；D. survey调查。根据上文“It promised that, within five years, it would take a total of over 3,000 passengers on life-changing trips in its spaceships.”可知，公司承诺会让乘客乘坐宇宙飞船去旅行，此处表示公司开始履行最初的承诺。故选B项。 23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他可能对自己能够比杰夫·贝佐斯更早到达太空感到满意，贝佐斯是一位比他更富裕的亿万富翁。A. felt ashamed of感到羞愧；B. kept an eye on密切关注；C. felt content with满足于；D. got upset with感到沮丧。根据下文“he was able to reach space earlier than Jeff Bezos, a fellow billionaire but much wealthier.”可知，贝佐斯比他更富有，推测他对于自己比贝佐斯更早到达太空感到满意。故选C项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两位大亨是越来越多的乐观主义者之一，他们认为太空旅游的时代已经到来。A. optimists乐观主义者；B. opponents对手；C. experts专家；D. objectors反对者。根据下文“who believe that space tourism’s time has come”可知，他们认为太空旅游的时代已经到来，所以这两位大亨是乐观主义者。故选A项。 25．考查介词短语辨析。句意：亚轨道旅游业是更广泛的空间经济的一部分，由于科技进步，在过去十年中，该经济迅速增长。A. thanks to由于；B. but for要不是；C. apart from除了；D. in spite of尽管。根据下文“technological advances”以及常识可知，由于科技进步，亚轨道旅游业作为空间经济的一部分，得以迅速增长。故选A项。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，毫无疑问，这是真的。A. impossible不可能的；B. undoubted毫无疑问的；C. probable可能的；D. favorable有利的。根据上文“Suborbital tourism is part of a broader space economy that has rapidly grown over the past decade ______ technological advances.”可知，由于科技进步，亚轨道旅游业作为空间经济的一部分，得以迅速增长，毫无疑问，这是真的。故选B项。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前，Blue Origin和Virgin Galactic将为付费客户提供短暂的亚轨道飞行。A. long-lasting持久的；B. inexpensive廉价的；C. automatic自动的；D. brief短暂的。根据下文“this 4-minute suborbital travels”可知，Blue Origin和Virgin Galactic将提供短暂的亚轨道飞行。故选D项。 28．考查介词短语辨析。句意：从长远来看，贝佐斯并不只是把Blue Origin看作一家为冒险者提供服务的公司。A. On the contrary正相反；B. What’s more更重要的是；C. In the long run从长远来看；D. Above all首先。根据上文“Blue Origin is focusing much more on the development of a large new rocket that will be used for the launching of satellites, on selling advanced rocket engines to other companies, and on bidding on NASA contracts such as the recently announced plan to send humans back to the moon.”可知，Blue Origin专注于其他项目，所以从长远来看，贝佐斯并不仅仅把Blue Origin看作一家为冒险者提供服务的公司，而是为了更远大的目标。故选C项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，即使是这种4分钟的亚轨道旅行也有吸引力。A. shortcoming缺点；B. limitation限制；C. advantage优势；D. appeal吸引力。根据下文“A major survey found that nearly two in five people with a net worth of over five million dollars would consider paying $250,000, Virgin Galactic’s current price, for a ticket.”可知，4分钟的亚轨道旅行是有吸引力的。故选D项。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦定期航班开始抵消火箭的开发成本，该业务能够有利可图。A. profitable有利可图的；B. uneconomic不盈利的；C. eco-friendly环保的；D. globalized全球化的。根据下文“once regular flights begin to offset (抵消) the rockets’ development costs.”可知，火箭的开发成本被抵消之后，业务会有利可图。故选A项。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但速度和幅度尚不确定。A. predictable可预测的；B. essential基本的；C. irrelevant无关的；D. uncertain不确定的。根据下文“Without tourist-friendly destinations to visit (the capacity of the International Space Station is strictly limited), orbital tourism, with its far higher ticket prices, will not be a huge earner.”可知，业务有利可图的速度和幅度都还不确定。故选D项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个挑战——也是该行业现存最大的不确定性——与安全有关。A. development发展；B. security安全；C. stability稳定性；D. novelty新颖性。根据下文“History has shown that a disaster,  ______  in the early stages of an industry, can set progress back by years.”可知，另一个挑战与安全有关。故选B项。 33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：历史已经表明，一场灾难，尤其是在一个行业的早期阶段，可能会阻碍进展数年。A. particularly特别是；B. critically批判地；C. precisely精确地；D. unforeseeably不可预见地。根据语境以及常识，灾难，尤其是在行业的早期阶段，会阻碍进展。故选A项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1986年，在挑战者号悲剧中，一名学校教师和其他机组人员丧生后，NASA暂缓了将未经训练的宇航员送入轨道的计划。A. initiated发起；B. drafted起草；C. modified修改；D. suspended暂缓。根据下文“after a school teacher was killed along with the rest of the crew in the Challenger tragedy.”可知，在一名学校教师和其他机组人员丧生后，NASA暂缓了计划。故选D项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：又过了15年，下一个未经训练的人才会勇敢地乘坐俄罗斯飞船旅行。A. brave勇敢面对；B. abandon放弃；C. steer操纵；D. pause暂停。根据上文“a school teacher was killed along with the rest of the crew in the Challenger tragedy.”可知，未经训练的人乘坐飞船旅行是危险的，所以此处表示15年后，下一个未经训练的人才勇敢地乘坐飞船旅行。故选A项。 题型04 六选四 The Health Risk in Space On May 30, 2023, China achieved a significant milestone by successfully launching three astronauts to its fully operational space station aboard the Shenzhou 16 spacecraft. This brought the population in orbit at the same time to a record high of 17. With more countries planning missions and commercial companies bringing people to space, opportunities for human space travel are rapidly expanding. 36 Since NASA wants to send a manned mission to Mars in the 2030s, scientists need to find solutions sooner rather than later. The Earth has a protective barrier, which is the area of space around a planet that is controlled by its magnetic field (磁场) and blocks radiation. 37 . As the equivalent between 150 and 6,000 chest X-rays, this level of radiation can harm the human body, leading to heart disease. In addition, it can make the blood-brain barrier leak, exposing the brain to chemicals and proteins that are harmful to it. Astronauts must be well protected on future long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit. NASA is developing technology that can protect travelers on a Mars mission from radiation by building radiation-resistant materials into space vehicles and spacesuits. 38 Developing ways to reduce the effects of space radiation will enable missions other than traveling in space. 39 For example, products that protect astronauts from space radiation and reduce its harmful effects on the human body can also treat cancer patients receiving radiation treatments. A．However, astronauts traveling farther than the space station will face continuous exposure to this radiation. B．Medical and technological advances in the field bring benefits on Earth. C．Space exploration has led to many technological achievements advancing water treatment and satellite systems. D．Certain diets also bring the effects of radiation to a minimum. E．Despite the progress, traveling to space poses risks to the human body. F．NASA is planning dedicated extended-duration research on the space station. 【答案】36．E 37．A 38．F 39．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是太空辐射对宇航员健康的影响及未来火星任务中可能采取的防护措施。 36．根据上文的“With more countries planning missions and commercial companies bringing people to space, opportunities for human space travel are rapidly expanding.(随着更多国家计划太空任务以及商业公司将人们送入太空，人类太空旅行的机会正在迅速扩大。)”可知，人类太空旅行的机会迅速增加，结合下文的“Since NASA wants to send a manned mission to Mars in the 2030s, scientists need to find solutions sooner rather than later.(由于NASA计划在2030年代派遣载人任务前往火星，科学家需要尽快找到解决方案，而不是拖延。)”可知，NASA计划在21世纪30年代执行载人火星任务，需要尽快解决健康问题，由此可知，此空为承上启下的作用，E选项“Despite the progress, traveling to space poses risks to the human body.(尽管取得了进展，前往太空仍然对人体构成风险。)”中的“progress”承接了上文的“太空旅行机会的扩大”，且引出下文介绍的要解决“太空旅行对身体的威胁”这一问题，符合语境。故选E项。 37．根据上文的“The Earth has a protective barrier, which is the area of space around a planet that is controlled by its magnetic field (磁场) and blocks radiation.(地球有一个保护屏障，这是由行星的磁场控制的周围空间区域，能够阻挡辐射。)”可知，地球磁场对辐射有保护作用，结合下文的“As the equivalent between 150 and 6,000 chest X-rays, this level of radiation can harm the human body, leading to heart disease.(这种水平的辐射相当于150到6000次胸部X光检查的辐射量，可能会对人体造成伤害，导致心脏病。)”可知，辐射对人体的危害严重，由此可知，此空应与上文为转折关系，引出下文，A选项“However, astronauts traveling farther than the space station will face continuous exposure to this radiation.(然而，比空间站更远的宇航员将面临这种辐射的持续暴露。)”讲述的内容与上文为转折关系，符合逻辑，且引出下文介绍辐射对人体的危害，其中的radiation为解题关键信息。故选A项。 38．根据上文的“Astronauts must be well protected on future long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit. NASA is developing technology that can protect travelers on a Mars mission from radiation by building radiation-resistant materials into space vehicles and spacesuits.(宇航员在未来超越低地球轨道的长期任务中必须得到良好的保护。NASA正在开发能够通过在航天器和太空服中加入抗辐射材料来保护火星任务中的旅行者免受辐射的技术。)”可知，NASA正在开发技术来保护火星任务中的旅行者免受辐射，由此可知，此处应继续讲述如何减少辐射影响的方法，F选项“NASA is planning dedicated extended-duration research on the space station.(NASA计划在空间站进行专门的延长时长研究。)”讲述的内容与本段的主题吻合，同时说明了NASA在保护火星任务中的旅行者免受辐射的研究计划，承接了上文中“正在开发技术保护火星任务中的旅行者免受辐射”，符合语境。故选F项。 39．根据上文的“Developing ways to reduce the effects of space radiation will enable missions other than traveling in space.(开发减少太空辐射影响的方法将使除太空旅行之外的任务成为可能。)”可知，本段介绍的是减少太空辐射效应的方法不仅限于太空旅行，结合下文“For example, products that protect astronauts from space radiation and reduce its harmful effects on the human body can also treat cancer patients receiving radiation treatments.(例如，能够保护宇航员免受太空辐射并减少其对人体有害影响的产品，也可以用于治疗接受放射治疗的癌症患者。)”可知，此空讲述的内容与这些方法对其他领域的益处相关，B选项“Medical and technological advances in the field bring benefits on Earth.(该领域的医疗和技术进步为地球带来了益处。)”与本段的主题吻合，且引出下文列举的这些方法对医疗领域的益处的实例，符合语境。故选B项。 题型05 概要写作 Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The idea of humans making a new home on Mars is mind-bending enough on the surface. What's even wilder is that human colonization of the Red Planet's harsh and exotic atmosphere — if we can achieve it — might accelerate our species' evolution. "Given how different the Martian environment is, you'd expect strong natural selection," says Scott Solomon, an evolutionary biologist at Rice University in Houston. Mars sits about 34 million miles away from Earth, and Earthlings still face plenty of obstacles before we even reach it. But if we do (somehow) get to Mars and establish a colony of permanent residents, factors like comparatively higher radiation, lower gravity and a vast change in lifestyle could prompt significant evolutionary changes in our bodies-much more quickly than those that have transpired on our home planet. There is a determining factor in this potential shift, which would vastly influence how rapidly humans would adapt to new condition. If humans moved back and forth between Earth and Mars as often as every generation or two, new introduction of Earth-born human genes might low the effects of certain genetic mutations (基因突变). By contrast, remaining on a Martian colony for longer stretches could quicken that change. More tense radiation on Mars could provoke elevated rates of genetic mutations in humans born there. And any favorable mutations that help humans better cope with conditions on Mars may be inherited by future generations. Survival of the fittest is a key concept in evolution. But based on major advances in gene-editing tools like CRISPR, it's possible that humans on Mars may not need to leave evolution up to nature. Solomon says we currently have the tools to help support potential Mars residents." It could potentially be a powerful tool to make changes so people could survive and be appted to the Martain environment," Solomon says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage discusses the potential for human evolution to accelerate on Mars due to its harsh environment. Factors like higher radiation and lower gravity could cause significant genetic changes, especially if humans remain on Mars for extended periods without returning to Earth. Advances in gene-editing technology might also play a role in helping humans adapt to Martian conditions. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了人类在火星上定居可能导致进化加速的可能性。文章指出，火星的高辐射、低重力和生活方式的巨大变化等因素可能会引起人类显著的遗传变化。如果人类在火星上停留时间较长而不频繁往返地球，这些进化变化可能会更加明显。此外，基因编辑技术的进步也可能帮助人类适应火星环境。 【详解】要点摘录 ① The harsh Martian environment could accelerate human evolution. ② Factors like higher radiation and lower gravity could cause significant genetic changes. ③ Prolonged stays on Mars may enhance evolutionary changes more than frequent Earth-Mars travel. ④ Advances in gene-editing technology could help humans adapt to Martian conditions. 缜密构思 将第①和②个要点结合，阐述火星环境对人类进化的潜在影响；将第③个要点单独呈现，强调长时间停留在火星上的重要性；最后，将第④个要点作为补充，介绍基因编辑技术的作用。 遣词造句 The passage explores the potential acceleration of human evolution on Mars due to its extreme environmental conditions. Key factors include increased radiation, reduced gravity, and lifestyle changes, which could lead to significant genetic mutations. Prolonged stays on Mars, as opposed to frequent Earth-Mars travel, may enhance these evolutionary changes. Additionally, advancements in gene-editing technologies could aid in human adaptation to Mars. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The passage explores the potential acceleration of human evolution on Mars due to its extreme environmental conditions. 使用介词短语做状语。 【高分句型2 】Key factors include increased radiation, reduced gravity, and lifestyle changes, which could lead to significant genetic mutations.使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为Key factors。 $