Unit 8 Natural disasters 构词法（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材冀教版八年级下册

Unit 8 Natural disasters 核心语法精练（构词法） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、按要求完成题目 10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一 语法填空 12 题型二 阅读理解 15 构词法（Word formation） 合成和派生（Composition and derivation） 了解英语单词的构成规律，对我们记忆、使用单词都有帮助。合成法和派生法（加前缀、后缀）是很重要的两个英语构词方法。 1. 合成词由两个或两个以上的词合并而成，又称为复合词。常见的合成方式如下表： 类别 构成方法 例词 复合名词 名词 + 名词形容词 + 名词副词 + 名词名词 + 动词 coastline basketball highlight blackboard outdoor outside landslide earthquake 复合代词 代词宾格或物主代词 + self (selves)some (any, no) + one (body, thing) myself yourself himself herself ourselves themselves something somebody someone anything anybody anyone nothing nobody 2. 派生词是指在一个单词的前面或后面加一个词缀而形成的新词。常见的前缀、后缀如下表： 前缀 前缀 构成方法 例词 un- 加在某些形容词前，构成其反义词 happy adj.（幸福的）— unhappy adj.（不幸福的）important adj.（重要的）— unimportant adj.（不重要的） dis- 加在某些动词、形容词或名词前，构成其反义词 appear v.（出现）— disappear v.（消失）honest adj.（诚实的）— dishonest adj.（不诚实的）order n.（秩序）— disorder n.（紊乱） en- 加在某些名词或形容词前构成及物动词 courage n.（勇气）— encourage v.（鼓励）large adj.（大的）— enlarge v.（扩大）rich adj.（丰富的）— enrich v.（使丰富） 后缀 后缀 构成方法 例词 -ment -ing -er -or -ion -tion 加在某些动词后，构成名词 develop v.（发展）— development n.（发展）meet v.（遇见）— meeting n.（会议）teach v.（教授）— teacher n.（教师）act v.（表演）— actor n.（演员）discuss v.（讨论）— discussion n.（讨论）explain v.（解释）— explanation n.（解释） -al -ful -y -ly 加在某些名词后，构成形容词 coast n.（海岸）— coastal adj.（沿海的）harm n.（伤害）— harmful adj.（有害的）wind n.（风）— windy adj.（有风的）friend n.（朋友）— friendly adj.（友好的） -less 加在某些名词后，构成词义相反的形容词 care n.（谨慎）— careless adj.（粗心的）home n.（家）— homeless adj.（无家可归的） -ness 加在某些形容词后，构成名词 dark adj.（黑暗的）— darkness n.（黑暗）happy adj.（幸福的）— happiness n.（幸福） -ly 加在某些形容词后，构成副词 busy adj.（忙的）— busily adv.（忙地）clear adj.（清楚的）— clearly adv.（清楚地） 一、单项选择 1．Which word ________ is created in the same way as “blackboard”? They are both compound words (合成词). A．careful B．impolite C．illness D．gentleman 2．Which of the following words is a compound word (合成词)? A．Healthy. B．Passport. C．Illness. D．Helpful. 3．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “driveway”? A．invention B．necessary C．unlucky D．playground 4．Which of the following words is created in the same way as “earthquake”? A．changeable B．tearful C．sunshine D．laughter 5．It is bad for your eyesight to read books in the sun. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word eyesight? A．invention B．necessary C．unlucky D．doorbell 6．“________” has the same word-building like “Handwriting”. A．Humans B．Treasure C．Priceless D．Wildlife 7．Which of the following words is formed like “classroom”? A．visitor B．impatient C．meaningful D．raincoat 8．Which of the following words is a compound word (合成词)? A．Healthy. B．Blackboard. C．Illness. D．Helpful. 9．We form the word “________” in a different way from the other three. A．keyboard B．kindness C．mailbox D．moonlight 10．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “toothache”? A．hunting B．careless C．unhappy D．pancake 11．To form a noun, which word has a different suffix from the others? A．ill B．kind C．dark D．express 12．The following words all have the same suffix (后缀) EXCEPT ________. A．feel B．mean C．sick D．meet 13．We form the word “________” in a different way from the other three. A．kindness B．keyboard C．mailbox D．moonlight 14．Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix? A．Friendly B．Correct C．Able D．Patient 15．We can add the prefix “un-” to ________ to give it the opposite meaning. A．polite B．possible C．correct D．usual 16．The word “reporter” has a suffix, which of the following words has a suffix too? A．incorrect B．north-east C．artist D．daylight 17．We can add “-ance” to ________ to form a noun (名词). A．act B．connect C．real D．important 18．We can add the suffix “or” to the following words to form a new word EXCEPT ________. A．direct B．act C．report 19．Which of the following has a different way of forming words? A．pancake B．lovely C．grandson D．weekday 20．Which of the following words doesn’t have the same suffix (后缀)? A．feel B．ill C．kind D．sick 21．In the words hopeful and meaningful, the suffix “-ful” means ________. A．no B．without C．have the quality of D．very 22．—Can you tell me which word can NOT be added the suffix “ist” to form a noun? —All right. It’s ________. A．art B．act C．piano D．tour 23．Which prefix can we add to the word “polite” to make it mean “not polite”? A．un- B．im- C．in- D．dis- 24．The suffix (后缀) “-y” in the word “windy” means ________. A．full of B．out of C．having the quality of D．without 25．Which of the following words has a different prefix to form an opposite meaning? A．polite B．correct C．complete D．expensive 26．Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix? A．Comfortable B．Correct C．Possible D．Patient 27．Which of the following words can we add the suffix“-ist” to form a noun? A．dance B．win C．piano D．visit 28．Which of the following words can be added the suffix “-ian” to form an adjective? A．America B．Spain C．Italy D．Japan 29．Which of the following words can we add the suffix “-less” to to mean “without”? A．person B．hope C．plan D．wish 30．Which of the following words is created in the same way as “blackboard”? A．impolite B．careless C．British D．pancake 二、按要求完成题目 给下列词加前缀或后缀，构成新词。 31． happy 32． possible 33． healthy 34． agree 35． tell 36．teach 37．ill 38．danger 39．quick 40．care , 将A栏单词与B栏单词重新组合成一个新单词。（每词仅限使用一次） A栏 grand snow black out class basket play B栏 side mate man ground ball board father 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My best friend Ben is 40 years old. He 1 (be) in Alabama for many years. One day, Ben could hear strong winds outside his home. Black clouds were making the sky very dark. All the 2 (block) were empty. The news reported that 3 heavy rainstorm was on the way. Everyone in the neighborhood 4 (be) scared. Ben’s dad was busy 5 (fix) the windows. 6 (he) mom was checking if the flashlights worked 7 (good). Ben was making dinner by 8 (he) when the rain began to beat against the windows. It 9 (sound) terrible. After dinner, they tried to play a card game, 10 it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside. Ben couldn’t sleep 11 first because the wind was 12 (strong) outside than a moment ago. On the 13 (two) day, the sun rose. Ben went outside 14 found the neighborhood in a mess. Many people came back to help clean the neighborhood. The awful storm broke many things apart, but it 15 (bring) families and neighbors closer together. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Did you experience an earthquake (地震)? There was a bad earthquake in Mexico City on September 19th, 1985. A lot of buildings 1 (sudden) fell down, and hundreds of people were in danger. Many people 2 (sleep) at that time. After the earthquake, 40% of Mexico City was without electricity (电). It was reported that about 230 people died in the earthquake. Lots of people in Mexico City became 3 (volunteer) to help others. Some people in other areas also offered to help. They took risks bringing clean water, enough clothes and food to Mexico City. Some doctors and nurses 4 (begin) to give people medicine and tried their best 5 (help) people on crowded streets. The aftershock (余震) happened 6 the evening of September 20th. It was the 7 (strong) aftershock in Mexico. “I told my students two things. First, we should protect 8 (we), because it is not a game. Second, we should get ready for everything in time.” said Adelina, a teacher of the Morelos Middle School. 9 all the buildings in the school were broken, everyone was safe. Because both the students 10 the teachers had learned some life-saving skills, they quickly ran out of the buildings. 题型二 阅读理解 Ragasa (桦加沙), the 18th typhoon of 2025, was a super typhoon with the maximum wind near the center reaching above level 17. Ragasa was predicted to bring extreme rainfall to southern coastal areas of China, with minimal effects on northern areas. While the typhoon’s effects were expected to end by late September, another typhoon moving west into the South China Sea could affect the area in early October and might bring further wind and rain, requiring continued vigilance (警戒). Although Typhoon warnings would be cancelled as Ragasa weakened after landing, heavy rain and strong winds might still cause secondary disasters such as flooding, mudslides and landslides. Close attention was still essential. Generally, typhoons generated from June to August are classified as “summer typhoons”, while those formed from September to November are referred to as “autumn typhoons”. From 1949 to 2024, there were 867 “summer typhoons”, making it the most active season for typhoons. “Autumn typhoons” totalled 859, accounting for 49.8%  of typhoons of each year, and ranking the second-most active period, China Media Group reported. Ragasa is an “autumn typhoon”. According to weather data from 1949 to 2024, “autumn typhoons” tend to be stronger and have a greater effect compared to the summer ones, according to CMG. From August to September, the tropical (热带的) ocean temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) reach the highest point, creating good conditions for typhoon formation and energy increase. As autumn sets in, cold air becomes more active, speeding up the wind near the typhoon’s center, further leading to the intensification of the storm. As a result, the possibility of severe or super typhoons happening in the autumn is higher. Additionally, the combination of “autumn typhoons” and cold air can cause intense rainfall, leading to more severe disasters. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By stating a fact. D．By telling a story. 2．What might happen in early October based on the passage? A．Ragasa would return with stronger winds. B．Another typhoon could bring wind and rain. C．The South China Sea would become calm. D．Summer typhoons would start to form. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 3 about Ragasa? A．Once a typhoon weakens, it causes no more danger at all. B．Typhoons in autumn are much stronger than summer ones. C．Most typhoons happen during the autumn season each year. D．The period from June to August sees the most typhoons. 4．What does the underlined word “intensification” most likely mean in paragraph 5? A．The process of becoming stronger. B．The movement of changing direction C．The process of becoming weaker. D．The stop of all storm activities. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare summer typhoons with autumn typhoons. B．To explain why autumn typhoons are stronger. C．To provide general knowledge about a super typhoon. D．To warn people about the disasters caused by typhoons. Taiwan’s most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd, 2024. It killed about 18 people, hurt more than 900 and caused serious damage (破坏). Many people were reportedly trapped (受困的). The magnitude (震级) 7.3 earthquake hit Taiwan’s east coast near Hualien at 7:58 am, causing more than 100 aftershocks with magnitudes between 3.4 and 6.5. “The shaking was strong and lasted for almost a minute,” a person living in Hualien told Beijing News. “It was impossible to stand still, and things kept falling off the shelves.” Local officials said that schools stopped giving classes and offices were closed in Hualien. This was because a big earthquake made a 10-story building fall down and some other buildings might fall over. Terrible damage was reported in other parts of Taiwan. Stones fell from older buildings as the earthquake shook Taipei, and schools made their students go to sports fields and provided them with yellow safety helmets (安全帽). More than 300,000 homes lost electricity during the earthquake. Train services in Taiwan, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Shanghai stopped for a while after the earthquake, but they slowly started again. After the earthquake, the Chinese government took quick action. They made plans to help and save local people and let passengers cancel tickets for free. In Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian province, train workers and helpers helped passengers change tickets. 1．Where did the magnitude 7.3 earthquake hit on April 3rd, 2024? A．On Taiwan’s west coast. B．In the center of Taiwan. C．On the southern part of Taiwan. D．Near Hualien on Taiwan’s east coast. 2．The underlined word “aftershocks” in Paragraph 2 means “_______” in Chinese. A．震源 B．伤亡人员 C．余震 D．震惊 3．Why did local officials decide to close schools and offices in Hualien? A．Because stones kept falling from many older buildings. B．Because they finished all the classes. C．Because it was not possible for people in Hualien to stand still. D．Because the major earthquake caused a 10-story building to fall down. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A very big earthquake in Taiwan. B．Schools in Taiwan did a lot for students. C．How to keep safe in dangerous situations. D．What the government did to help Taiwan. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Natural disasters 核心语法精练（构词法） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、按要求完成题目 10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一 语法填空 12 题型二 阅读理解 15 构词法（Word formation） 合成和派生（Composition and derivation） 了解英语单词的构成规律，对我们记忆、使用单词都有帮助。合成法和派生法（加前缀、后缀）是很重要的两个英语构词方法。 1. 合成词由两个或两个以上的词合并而成，又称为复合词。常见的合成方式如下表： 类别 构成方法 例词 复合名词 名词 + 名词形容词 + 名词副词 + 名词名词 + 动词 coastline basketball highlight blackboard outdoor outside landslide earthquake 复合代词 代词宾格或物主代词 + self (selves)some (any, no) + one (body, thing) myself yourself himself herself ourselves themselves something somebody someone anything anybody anyone nothing nobody 2. 派生词是指在一个单词的前面或后面加一个词缀而形成的新词。常见的前缀、后缀如下表： 前缀 前缀 构成方法 例词 un- 加在某些形容词前，构成其反义词 happy adj.（幸福的）— unhappy adj.（不幸福的）important adj.（重要的）— unimportant adj.（不重要的） dis- 加在某些动词、形容词或名词前，构成其反义词 appear v.（出现）— disappear v.（消失）honest adj.（诚实的）— dishonest adj.（不诚实的）order n.（秩序）— disorder n.（紊乱） en- 加在某些名词或形容词前构成及物动词 courage n.（勇气）— encourage v.（鼓励）large adj.（大的）— enlarge v.（扩大）rich adj.（丰富的）— enrich v.（使丰富） 后缀 后缀 构成方法 例词 -ment -ing -er -or -ion -tion 加在某些动词后，构成名词 develop v.（发展）— development n.（发展）meet v.（遇见）— meeting n.（会议）teach v.（教授）— teacher n.（教师）act v.（表演）— actor n.（演员）discuss v.（讨论）— discussion n.（讨论）explain v.（解释）— explanation n.（解释） -al -ful -y -ly 加在某些名词后，构成形容词 coast n.（海岸）— coastal adj.（沿海的）harm n.（伤害）— harmful adj.（有害的）wind n.（风）— windy adj.（有风的）friend n.（朋友）— friendly adj.（友好的） -less 加在某些名词后，构成词义相反的形容词 care n.（谨慎）— careless adj.（粗心的）home n.（家）— homeless adj.（无家可归的） -ness 加在某些形容词后，构成名词 dark adj.（黑暗的）— darkness n.（黑暗）happy adj.（幸福的）— happiness n.（幸福） -ly 加在某些形容词后，构成副词 busy adj.（忙的）— busily adv.（忙地）clear adj.（清楚的）— clearly adv.（清楚地） 一、单项选择 1．Which word ________ is created in the same way as “blackboard”? They are both compound words (合成词). A．careful B．impolite C．illness D．gentleman 【答案】D 【详解】句意：哪个单词和“blackboard”的构词方式相同？它们都是合成词。 考查构词法。“blackboard”是由“black”和“board”两个单词组合而成的合成词。careful小心的，是“care”加后缀“-ful”构成的形容词；impolite不礼貌的，是“polite”加前缀“im-”构成的形容词；illness疾病，是“ill”加后缀“-ness”构成的名词；gentleman绅士，是由“gentle”和“man”两个单词组合而成的合成词，与“blackboard”构词方式相同。故选D。 2．Which of the following words is a compound word (合成词)? A．Healthy. B．Passport. C．Illness. D．Helpful. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下列哪个单词是合成词？ 考查词性辨析。Healthy健康的，是形容词，由“health+y”构成，属于派生词；Passport护照，是名词，由“pass+port”构成，属于合成词；Illness疾病，是名词，由“ill+ness”构成，属于派生词；Helpful有帮助的，是形容词，由“help+ful”构成，属于派生词。所以只有Passport是合成词，故选B。 3．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “driveway”? A．invention B．necessary C．unlucky D．playground 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面哪个单词的构成方式与“driveway”相同？ 考查构词法。“driveway”由“drive”和“way”组成，属于合成词。invention是“invent”的名词形式，通过在动词后加后缀“-ion”构成，属于派生词；necessary是形容词，由词根“necess-”加后缀“-ary”构成，属于派生词；unlucky是“lucky”的反义词，通过在形容词前加前缀“un-”构成，属于派生词；playground由“play”和“ground”两个词组成，属于合成词，与“driveway”的构成方式相同。故选D。 4．Which of the following words is created in the same way as “earthquake”? A．changeable B．tearful C．sunshine D．laughter 【答案】C 【详解】句意：以下哪个单词的构词方式与“earthquake”相同？ 考查构词法。“earthquake”是由“earth”和“quake”组合而成的复合词。changeable是由“change”加后缀“-able”构成的形容词；tearful是由“tear”加后缀“-ful”构成的形容词；sunshine是由“sun”和“shine”组合而成的复合词，与“earthquake”构词方式相同；laughter是“laugh”的派生名词。故选C。 5．It is bad for your eyesight to read books in the sun. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word eyesight? A．invention B．necessary C．unlucky D．doorbell 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在阳光下看书对视力有害。下列哪个词语的构成方式与“eyesight”相同？ 考查复合名词。invention发明；necessary必要的；unlucky不幸的；doorbell门铃。eyesight是由eye“眼睛”和sight“视力”组成的复合词，选项中doorbell是由door“门”与bell“铃”组成的复合词，其构词方式与“eyesight”相同。故选D。 6．“________” has the same word-building like “Handwriting”. A．Humans B．Treasure C．Priceless D．Wildlife 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“野生动物”和“笔迹”有着相同的构词结构。 考查合成词及派生词辨析。Humans人类，为名词单数human“人类”的复数形式，为派生词；Treasure财富，派生词，其词根为treas；Priceless无价的，为price“价格”的派生词；Wildlife野生动物，为“wild”和“life”的合成词。题干中的Handwriting“笔迹，手稿”为“hand”与“writing”的合成词，与选项D“wildlife”的构词法一致。故选D。 7．Which of the following words is formed like “classroom”? A．visitor B．impatient C．meaningful D．raincoat 【答案】D 【详解】句意：以下哪个单词的形式像“classroom”？ 考查复合名词。visitor游客；impatient不耐烦的；meaningful有意义的；raincoat雨衣。classroom“教室”，为名词“class”和名词“room”构成的复合名词，raincoat为名词“rain”和名词“coat”构成的复合名词，D项符合。故选D。 8．Which of the following words is a compound word (合成词)? A．Healthy. B．Blackboard. C．Illness. D．Helpful. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下列哪个单词是合成词？ 考查合成词。healthy健康的，不是合成词；blackboard (black+board) 黑板，是合成词；illness疾病，名词，不是合成词；helpful有帮助的，不是合成词。根据题意可知，blackboard是合成词。故选B。 9．We form the word “________” in a different way from the other three. A．keyboard B．kindness C．mailbox D．moonlight 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们组成新单词“kindness”的方法不同于其他三个。 考查构词法。keyboard键盘；kindness善良；mailbox邮箱；moonlight月光。分析每个单词可知，keyboard“键盘”，由key和board合成；kindness“善良”是在单词kind后面加-ness构成；mailbox“邮箱”由mail和box合成；moonlight“月光”由moon和light合成。故选B。 10．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “toothache”? A．hunting B．careless C．unhappy D．pancake 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个单词的构成方式与“toothache”相同？ 考查构词法。hunting打猎；careless粗心的；unhappy不开心的；pancake薄饼。toothache是由tooth和ache组合而成的复合词。hunting是hunt的动名词形式；careless是care加否定后缀-less构成的形容词；unhappy是否定前缀un-加happy开心构成的形容词；pancake是由pan和cake组合而成的复合词，与toothache的构成方式相同。故选D。 11．To form a noun, which word has a different suffix from the others? A．ill B．kind C．dark D．express 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了构成名词，哪个单词的后缀与其他单词不同？ 考查名词后缀辨析。ill生病的，其名词后缀为ness；kind善良的，其名词后缀为ness；dark黑暗的，其名词后缀为ness；express表达，其名词后缀为ion。A、B、C三项均通过加后缀“-ness”构成名词，而D项通过加后缀“-ion”构成名词，后缀与其他三项不同。故选D。 12．The following words all have the same suffix (后缀) EXCEPT ________. A．feel B．mean C．sick D．meet 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下列单词都有相同的后缀，除了“sick”。 考查派生词。feel 感觉；mean 意思是；sick 生病的；meet 遇见。feel感觉，是动词，后缀形式如“feeling”；mean意思是，是动词，后缀形式如“meaning”；meet遇见，是动词，后缀形式如“meeting”；sick生病的，是形容词，不能接“-ing”形成派生词。根据对比可知，其他三个单词的后缀都是-ing。故选C。 13．We form the word “________” in a different way from the other three. A．kindness B．keyboard C．mailbox D．moonlight 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们以不同于其他三个词的方式构成“kindness”这个词。 考查构词法。kindness善良，名词，由形容词kind加后缀-ness构成；keyboard键盘，名词，由key和board两个独立单词合成；mailbox邮箱，名词，由mail和box两个独立单词合成；moonlight月光，名词，由moon和light两个独立单词合成。由此可知，只有kindness是通过添加后缀构成的派生词，构词方式与其他三项不同。故选A。 14．Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix? A．Friendly B．Correct C．Able D．Patient 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下面哪个单词我们可以添加前缀“in-”？ 考查词缀用法。friendly友好的；correct正确的；able能够的；patient有耐心的。根据词缀知识可知，在英语中，通常给单词“correct”添加前缀“in-”变成“incorrect”，表示“不正确的”，而“friendly”“able”“patient”添加前缀“in-”后，不能构成符合英语表达习惯且有意义的新单词。所以应该选“correct”。故选B。 15．We can add the prefix “un-” to ________ to give it the opposite meaning. A．polite B．possible C．correct D．usual 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们可以在下列哪个单词前加前缀“un-”使其具有相反的意思。 考查词缀。polite有礼貌的；possible可能的；correct正确的；usual通常的。根据“We can add the prefix ‘un-’ to…to give it the opposite meaning.”可知，在单词前加前缀“un-”使其具有相反的意思，usual加“un-”变为unusual“不寻常的”。故选D。 16．The word “reporter” has a suffix, which of the following words has a suffix too? A．incorrect B．north-east C．artist D．daylight 【答案】C 【详解】句意：单词“reporter”带有后缀，以下哪个单词也带有后缀？ 考查构词法。reporter记者，由词根“report”+后缀“-er”构成，表“人”；incorrect不正确的，由前缀“in-”+词根“correct”构成，没有后缀；north-east东北，是复合词，由“north”和“east”组合而成，没有后缀；artist艺术家，由词根“art”+后缀“-ist”构成，表“人（艺术家）”；daylight白天，是复合词，由“day”和“light”组合而成，没有后缀。故选C。 17．We can add “-ance” to ________ to form a noun (名词). A．act B．connect C．real D．important 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们可以添加“-ance”到important来构成一个名词。 考查名词后缀。act的名词形式为action；connect的名词形式为connection；real的名词形式为reality；important的名词形式为importance。故选D。 18．We can add the suffix “or” to the following words to form a new word EXCEPT ________. A．direct B．act C．report 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们可以在以下单词后添加后缀“or”构成新单词，除了report。 考查后缀“or”的构词法。director导演；actor演员；direct加or可构成director，act加or可构成actor，而report后加or无法构成合理新单词（其对应的职业名词是reporter，后缀为“er”），故选C。 19．Which of the following has a different way of forming words? A．pancake B．lovely C．grandson D．weekday 【答案】B 【详解】句意：以下哪个单词的构词方式不同？ 考查构词法。pancake由pan和cake组成，是合成词；lovely由love和后缀-ly组成，是派生词；grandson由grand和son组成，是合成词；weekday由week和day组成，是合成词。pancake、grandson、weekday均为两个独立单词组合而成的合成词，而lovely是通过加后缀构成的派生词，构词方式不同。故选B。 20．Which of the following words doesn’t have the same suffix (后缀)? A．feel B．ill C．kind D．sick 【答案】A 【详解】句意：以下哪个单词没有相同的后缀？ 考查后缀辨析。feel感觉，本身没有常见的后缀；ill生病的，添加后缀“-ness”构成名词；kind善良的，添加后缀“-ness”构成名词；sick生病的，可添加后缀“-ness”构成名词。故选A。 21．In the words hopeful and meaningful, the suffix “-ful” means ________. A．no B．without C．have the quality of D．very 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在单词“hopeful”和“meaningful”中，后缀“-ful”的意思是“具有……的性质”。 考查构词法。no不；without没有；have the quality of具有……的性质；very非常。后缀“-ful”表示“具有……的性质”或“充满……的”，如：hopeful“充满希望的”和meaningful“有意义的”。故选C。 22．—Can you tell me which word can NOT be added the suffix “ist” to form a noun? —All right. It’s ________. A．art B．act C．piano D．tour 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我哪个单词不能加后缀“ist”来形成名词吗？——好的。它是“act”。 考查后缀“-ist”的用法。该后缀常用于表示从事某种活动的人或专家。art艺术，加“-ist”可形成名词artist（艺术家）；act行动；表演”，加“-ist”不形成标准名词（通常用actor）；piano钢琴，加“-ist”可形成名词pianist（钢琴家）；tour旅游，加“-ist”可形成名词tourist（游客）。因此，B项不能加“-ist”形成名词。故选B。 23．Which prefix can we add to the word “polite” to make it mean “not polite”? A．un- B．im- C．in- D．dis- 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们可以给“polite”这个词加哪个前缀使它变成“不礼貌的”意思？ 考查前缀辨析。un-通常加在名词、形容词或动词前，表示“不，无，非”等否定意义，但一般不与“polite”搭配；im-加在以“p”开头的单词前，表示否定意义，“impolite”意为“不礼貌的”；in-通常加在以“l”或“r”等开头的单词前表示否定，一般不与“polite”搭配；dis-加在某些单词前表示否定意义，一般不与“polite”搭配 。所以应该用“im-”。故选B。 24．The suffix (后缀) “-y” in the word “windy” means ________. A．full of B．out of C．having the quality of D．without 【答案】C 【详解】句意：单词“windy”中的后缀“-y”意思是什么？ 考查构词法。full of充满；out of从……里面出去；having the quality of具有……性质；without没有。“windy”意为“多风的”，后缀“-y”加在名词“wind（风）”后，表示具有“风”的性质，即“多风的”，所以“-y”在这里的意思是“having the quality of”。故选C。 25．Which of the following words has a different prefix to form an opposite meaning? A．polite B．correct C．complete D．expensive 【答案】A 【详解】句意：以下哪个单词使用不同的前缀来形成相反的意思？ 考查前缀辨析。polite有礼貌的，反义词为impolite，前缀是im-；correct正确的，反义词为incorrect，前缀是in-；complete完整的，反义词为incomplete，前缀是in-；expensive昂贵的，反义词为inexpensive，前缀是in-。A项使用im-前缀，而B、C、D项均使用in-前缀，因此A项的前缀不同。故选A。 26．Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix? A．Comfortable B．Correct C．Possible D．Patient 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们可以在以下哪个单词加前缀“in-”？ 考查构词法。Comfortable舒适的，否定形式为uncomfortable；Correct正确的，否定形式为incorrect；Possible可能的，否定形式为impossible；Patient耐心的，否定形式为impatient。故选B。 27．Which of the following words can we add the suffix“-ist” to form a noun? A．dance B．win C．piano D．visit 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下面哪个单词可以加后缀“-ist”构成名词？ 考查构词法。 dance“跳舞”，动词，常加后缀“-r”变成名词，意为“舞者”；win“赢得”，动词，常加后缀“-ner”变成名词，意为“获胜者”；piano“钢琴”，名词，常去掉“o”，加后缀“-ist”变成名词，意为“钢琴家”；visit“参观”，动词，常加后缀“-or”变成名词，意为“参观者”。故选C。 28．Which of the following words can be added the suffix “-ian” to form an adjective? A．America B．Spain C．Italy D．Japan 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下面哪一个单词可以通过加上后缀“-ian”形成其对应的形容词？ 考查构词法。America美国，名词，加上后缀“-an”构成形容词American；Spain，西班牙，名词，加上后缀“-ish”构成形容词Spanish；Italy意大利，名词，其变化是去掉词尾 “y”再加“-ian”，构成形容词Italian；Japan日本，名词，加上后缀“-ese”构成形容词Japanese。故选C。 29．Which of the following words can we add the suffix “-less” to to mean “without”? A．person B．hope C．plan D．wish 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下面哪个词可以加后缀“-less”表示“没有”？ 考查构词法。person人，不可以加后缀-less；hope希望，后加后缀-less，构成hopeless，形容词，意为“没有希望的”；plan希望，不可以加后缀-less；wish希望，不可以加后缀-less。故选B。 30．Which of the following words is created in the same way as “blackboard”? A．impolite B．careless C．British D．pancake 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面哪个单词是用与“blackboard”相同的方式创造出来的？ 考查构词法。impolite属于加前缀派生；careless属于加后缀派生；British属于转化所得；pancake属pan与cake合成。题干中blackboard是black与board两个词合成的，pancake与其构词法一致。故选D。 二、按要求完成题目 给下列词加前缀或后缀，构成新词。 31． happy 32． possible 33． healthy 34． agree 35． tell 36．teach 37．ill 38．danger 39．quick 40．care , 【答案】 31．unhappy 32．impossible 33．unhealthy 34．disagree 35．retell 36．teacher 37．illness 38．dangerous 39．quickly 40．careful 【解析】31．在happy前面加un构成反义词“不高兴的”，因此答案为：unhappy。 32．在possible前面加im构成反义词“不可能的”，因此答案为：impossible。 33．在healthy前面加un构成反义词“不健康的”，因此答案为：unhealthy。 34．在agree前面加dis构成反义词“不同意”，因此答案为：disagree。 35．在tell前面加re构成新的单词“重复”，因此答案为：retell。 36．在teach后面加而构成名词“老师”，因此答案为：teacher。 37．在ill后面加ness构成名词“疾病”，因此答案为：illness。 38．在danger后面加ous构成形容词“危险的”，因此答案为：dangerous。 39．在quick后面加ly构成副词“快地”，因此答案为：quickly。 40．在care后面加ful构成形容词“小心的”，因此答案为：careful。 将A栏单词与B栏单词重新组合成一个新单词。（每词仅限使用一次） A栏 grand snow black out class basket play B栏 side mate man ground ball board father 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 【答案】41．grandfather 42．snowman 43．blackboard 44．outside 45．classmate 46．basketball 47．playground 【解析】41．分析两栏中的词汇可知，grand + father = grandfather（祖父）。故填 grandfather。 42．分析两栏中的词汇可知，snow + man = snowman（雪人）。故填 snowman。 43．分析两栏中的词汇可知，black + board = blackboard（黑板）。故填 blackboard。 44．分析两栏中的词汇可知，out + side = outside（外面）。故填 outside。 45．分析两栏中的词汇可知，class + mate = classmate（同学）。故填 classmate。 46．分析两栏中的词汇可知，basket + ball = basketball（篮球）。故填 basketball。 47．分析两栏中的词汇可知，play + ground = playground（操场）。故填 playground。 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My best friend Ben is 40 years old. He 1 (be) in Alabama for many years. One day, Ben could hear strong winds outside his home. Black clouds were making the sky very dark. All the 2 (block) were empty. The news reported that 3 heavy rainstorm was on the way. Everyone in the neighborhood 4 (be) scared. Ben’s dad was busy 5 (fix) the windows. 6 (he) mom was checking if the flashlights worked 7 (good). Ben was making dinner by 8 (he) when the rain began to beat against the windows. It 9 (sound) terrible. After dinner, they tried to play a card game, 10 it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside. Ben couldn’t sleep 11 first because the wind was 12 (strong) outside than a moment ago. On the 13 (two) day, the sun rose. Ben went outside 14 found the neighborhood in a mess. Many people came back to help clean the neighborhood. The awful storm broke many things apart, but it 15 (bring) families and neighbors closer together. 【答案】 1．has been 2．blocks 3．a 4．was 5．fixing 6．His 7．well 8．himself 9．sounded 10．but 11．at 12．stronger 13．second 14．and 15．brought 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者的朋友本经历的一次暴风雨。 1．句意：他在阿拉巴马州已经住了很多年了。根据“for many years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语He为单数第三人称，助动词要用has。故填has been。 2．句意：所有的街区都是空的。根据“All”可知，此处应用可数名词block“街区”的复数形式。故填blocks。 3．句意：新闻报道一场暴风雨即将来临。根据“...heavy rainstorm was on the way.”可知，此处泛指一场暴风雨，heavy以辅音音素开头，要用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．句意：社区里的人们都很害怕。本文时态为一般过去时，Everyone作主语，be动词要用was。故填was。 5．句意：本的爸爸正忙着修窗户。根据“was busy...”可知，本题考查be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”。故填fixing。 6．句意：他妈妈正在检查手电筒是否好用。Ben是男孩名，应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mom。故填His。 7．句意：他妈妈正在检查手电筒是否好用。此处应用good“好的”的副词形式well修饰动词worked。故填well。 8．句意：当雨水开始打在窗户上时，本正在自己做晚饭。本题考查by oneself“独自地，单独”，应用he的反身代词形式。故填himself。 9．句意：听起来很可怕。本文时态为一般过去时，动词sound“听起来”要用过去式。故填sounded。 10．句意：晚饭后，他们试着玩纸牌游戏，但外面正下着一场严重的暴风雨，很难玩得开心。根据“they tried to play a card game,...it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside.”可知，前后句为转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。 11．句意：本一开始睡不着，因为外面的风比刚才更大了。本题考查at first“起初，一开始”。故填at。 12．句意：本一开始睡不着，因为外面的风比刚才更大了。根据“than a moment ago”可知，此处应用形容词strong的比较级。故填stronger。 13．句意：第二天，太阳升起了。根据“On the...day”可知，此处指第二天，应用two的序数词形式。故填second。 14．句意：本走到外面，发现周围一片狼藉。went outside和found the neighborhood in a mess之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 15．句意：这场可怕的暴风雨破坏了许多东西，但也拉近了家庭和邻居之间的距离。根据“The awful storm broke many things apart,”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，动词bring“带来”要用过去式。故填brought。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Did you experience an earthquake (地震)? There was a bad earthquake in Mexico City on September 19th, 1985. A lot of buildings 1 (sudden) fell down, and hundreds of people were in danger. Many people 2 (sleep) at that time. After the earthquake, 40% of Mexico City was without electricity (电). It was reported that about 230 people died in the earthquake. Lots of people in Mexico City became 3 (volunteer) to help others. Some people in other areas also offered to help. They took risks bringing clean water, enough clothes and food to Mexico City. Some doctors and nurses 4 (begin) to give people medicine and tried their best 5 (help) people on crowded streets. The aftershock (余震) happened 6 the evening of September 20th. It was the 7 (strong) aftershock in Mexico. “I told my students two things. First, we should protect 8 (we), because it is not a game. Second, we should get ready for everything in time.” said Adelina, a teacher of the Morelos Middle School. 9 all the buildings in the school were broken, everyone was safe. Because both the students 10 the teachers had learned some life-saving skills, they quickly ran out of the buildings. 【答案】 1．suddenly 2．were sleeping 3．volunteers 4．began 5．to help 6．on 7．strongest 8．ourselves 9．Although 10．and 【导语】本文主要介绍了1985年墨西哥的一场大地震。 1．句意：许多建筑物突然倒塌，数百人处于危险之中。根据“A lot of...fell down”可知，此处是修饰动词fell down，应用副词形式。故填suddenly。 2．句意：许多人那个时候在睡觉。根据时间状语“at that time”，此处要使用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”，句子的主语是many people，be动词要用复数形式were。故填were sleeping。 3．句意：墨西哥城的许多人成为志愿者帮助别人。根据“lots of people”可知，此处表示有很多人，应用复数形式。故填volunteers。 4．句意：一些医生和护士开始给人们用药，并尽力在拥挤的街道上帮助人们。文章整体时态是一般过去时，“begin”的过去式是“began”，故填began。 5．句意：一些医生和护士开始给人们用药，并尽力在拥挤的街道上帮助人们。try one’s best to do sth.“尽某人最大努力做某事”，故填to help。 6．句意：余震发生在9月20日晚上。根据“the evening of September 20th”可知，此处要使用介词，用在具体某一天的早、中、晚时间前用on。故填on。 7．句意：这是墨西哥发生的最强烈的余震。根据“It was the....aftershock in Mexico.”及空前的定冠词“the”可知，此处应使用strong的形容词最高级。故填strongest。 8．句意：首先，我们应该保护自己，因为这不是一场游戏。根据“First, we should...not a game.”及所给单词可知，此处应使用反身代词，表示“保护我们自己”，we的反身代词是ourselves。故填ourselves。 9．句意：虽然学校里所有的建筑都被破坏了，但每个人都很安全。根据“...all the buildings...everyone was safe”可知，前句说建筑物损坏，后句说大家安全，存在让步关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，位于句首首字母大写。故填Although。 10．句意：因为学生和老师都学过一些救生技能，所以他们迅速跑出了建筑物。考查短语both...and...“两者都”，故填and。 题型二 阅读理解 Ragasa (桦加沙), the 18th typhoon of 2025, was a super typhoon with the maximum wind near the center reaching above level 17. Ragasa was predicted to bring extreme rainfall to southern coastal areas of China, with minimal effects on northern areas. While the typhoon’s effects were expected to end by late September, another typhoon moving west into the South China Sea could affect the area in early October and might bring further wind and rain, requiring continued vigilance (警戒). Although Typhoon warnings would be cancelled as Ragasa weakened after landing, heavy rain and strong winds might still cause secondary disasters such as flooding, mudslides and landslides. Close attention was still essential. Generally, typhoons generated from June to August are classified as “summer typhoons”, while those formed from September to November are referred to as “autumn typhoons”. From 1949 to 2024, there were 867 “summer typhoons”, making it the most active season for typhoons. “Autumn typhoons” totalled 859, accounting for 49.8%  of typhoons of each year, and ranking the second-most active period, China Media Group reported. Ragasa is an “autumn typhoon”. According to weather data from 1949 to 2024, “autumn typhoons” tend to be stronger and have a greater effect compared to the summer ones, according to CMG. From August to September, the tropical (热带的) ocean temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) reach the highest point, creating good conditions for typhoon formation and energy increase. As autumn sets in, cold air becomes more active, speeding up the wind near the typhoon’s center, further leading to the intensification of the storm. As a result, the possibility of severe or super typhoons happening in the autumn is higher. Additionally, the combination of “autumn typhoons” and cold air can cause intense rainfall, leading to more severe disasters. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By stating a fact. D．By telling a story. 2．What might happen in early October based on the passage? A．Ragasa would return with stronger winds. B．Another typhoon could bring wind and rain. C．The South China Sea would become calm. D．Summer typhoons would start to form. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 3 about Ragasa? A．Once a typhoon weakens, it causes no more danger at all. B．Typhoons in autumn are much stronger than summer ones. C．Most typhoons happen during the autumn season each year. D．The period from June to August sees the most typhoons. 4．What does the underlined word “intensification” most likely mean in paragraph 5? A．The process of becoming stronger. B．The movement of changing direction C．The process of becoming weaker. D．The stop of all storm activities. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare summer typhoons with autumn typhoons. B．To explain why autumn typhoons are stronger. C．To provide general knowledge about a super typhoon. D．To warn people about the disasters caused by typhoons. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了2025年第18号超强台风“桦加沙”（Ragasa）的基本情况，探讨了秋台风的特点、强度成因（如海洋温度高、冷空气活跃等），并提醒持续警惕后续灾害。 1．推理判断题。根据文章开头“Ragasa, the 18th typhoon of 2025, was a super typhoon with the maximum wind near the center reaching above level 17.”可知，作者通过陈述一个事实（台风Ragasa的基本信息）来开始文章。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“...another typhoon moving west into the South China Sea could affect the area in early October and might bring further wind and rain...”可知，十月初可能有另一个台风带来风雨。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“From 1949 to 2024, there were 867 ‘summer typhoons’, making it the most active season for typhoons.”可知，从六月到八月（夏季）是台风最活跃的季节。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“As autumn sets in, cold air becomes more active, speeding up the wind near the typhoon’s center, further leading to the intensification of the storm.”可知，冷空气活动加速台风中心附近的风速，进一步导致风暴的“增强”。“intensification”在这里表示“加强，强化”的意思。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕超强台风Ragasa展开，介绍了其强度、可能影响、所属的秋台风类别特点以及秋台风更强的科学原因，旨在提供关于这个超强台风的一般性知识。故选C。 Taiwan’s most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd, 2024. It killed about 18 people, hurt more than 900 and caused serious damage (破坏). Many people were reportedly trapped (受困的). The magnitude (震级) 7.3 earthquake hit Taiwan’s east coast near Hualien at 7:58 am, causing more than 100 aftershocks with magnitudes between 3.4 and 6.5. “The shaking was strong and lasted for almost a minute,” a person living in Hualien told Beijing News. “It was impossible to stand still, and things kept falling off the shelves.” Local officials said that schools stopped giving classes and offices were closed in Hualien. This was because a big earthquake made a 10-story building fall down and some other buildings might fall over. Terrible damage was reported in other parts of Taiwan. Stones fell from older buildings as the earthquake shook Taipei, and schools made their students go to sports fields and provided them with yellow safety helmets (安全帽). More than 300,000 homes lost electricity during the earthquake. Train services in Taiwan, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Shanghai stopped for a while after the earthquake, but they slowly started again. After the earthquake, the Chinese government took quick action. They made plans to help and save local people and let passengers cancel tickets for free. In Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian province, train workers and helpers helped passengers change tickets. 1．Where did the magnitude 7.3 earthquake hit on April 3rd, 2024? A．On Taiwan’s west coast. B．In the center of Taiwan. C．On the southern part of Taiwan. D．Near Hualien on Taiwan’s east coast. 2．The underlined word “aftershocks” in Paragraph 2 means “_______” in Chinese. A．震源 B．伤亡人员 C．余震 D．震惊 3．Why did local officials decide to close schools and offices in Hualien? A．Because stones kept falling from many older buildings. B．Because they finished all the classes. C．Because it was not possible for people in Hualien to stand still. D．Because the major earthquake caused a 10-story building to fall down. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A very big earthquake in Taiwan. B．Schools in Taiwan did a lot for students. C．How to keep safe in dangerous situations. D．What the government did to help Taiwan. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文讲述了2024年4月3日台湾发生7.3级强震，造成伤亡和破坏，以及震后各方的应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据“The magnitude (震级) 7.3 earthquake hit Taiwan’s east coast near Hualien at 7:58 am”可知，2024年4月3日的7.3级地震发生在台湾东海岸花莲附近，故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The magnitude (震级) 7.3 earthquake hit Taiwan’s east coast near Hualien at 7:58 am, causing more than 100 aftershocks with magnitudes between 3.4 and 6.5.”可知，主震后出现了100多次强度不等的震动，这就是余震，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Local officials said that schools stopped giving classes and offices were closed in Hualien. This was because a big earthquake made a 10-story building fall down and some other buildings might fall over.”可知，花莲停课停业是因为强震导致一栋十层大楼倒塌且其他建筑有倒塌风险，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕2024年台湾发生的这场强烈地震展开，介绍了地震的情况、影响和应对措施，故选A。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $