内容正文:
期末复习考点串讲
Units 5~6
冀教版·八年级英语下册
目 录
语法梳理·重难专练
重点词句·趣味导入
(单词、短语、句型)
01
02
(被动语态、宾语从句、定语从句、构词法)
第一部分
重点词句·趣味导入
重点词句
根据中文写英文-— 重点单词
1. 机器 ________
2. 知识 ________
3. 发明 ________
4. 工具 ________
5. 拼写 ________
6. 应用 ________
7. 科学家 __________
8. 印刷 __________
9. 词典 __________
10. 加热 _________
11. 速度 _________
12. 能量 _________
machine
invent
spell
application
scientist
print
dictionary
heat
speed
energy
tool
knowledge
Unit 5 Great inventions
1. _________ v. 发明 → _________n. 发明 → _________n. 发明家
2._________adj. 伟大的 → _________ adv.大大地;非常;
3. _________ adj. 容易的 → _________ →adv.容易地
4. _________ v. 创造 → _________ adj.有创造力的→ _________n.创造力;
5 _________ adj. 宽的_________ adv.广泛地;普遍地
6. _________ adj. 简单的 _________ adv.仅仅, 简朴地
invent
invention
great
greatly
easy
easily
create
creative
creativity
wide
widely
simple
simply
词性转换
重点词句
inventor
around the world
communicate with sb
light up
wake..up
in fact
as...as...
be able to
feel like
a symbol of
be connected to
像……一样……
与……相连
象征着
感觉像是
能够
实际上
叫醒;唤醒
照亮
世界各地
和某人交流
search for
agree with sb.
because of
be famous for.
be rich in
富含……
因……而出名
因为
15
14
13
同意某人
12
搜索
11
10
9
8
7
6
2
1
5
4
3
中文提示快说短语
重点词句
重点词句
13. 出现 _________
14. 银的 _________
15. 空的 _________
16. 律师 _________
17. 拒绝 _________
18. 提到 _________
根据中文写英文-— 重点单词
1. 文学 ________
2. 小说 ________
3. 嗓音 ________
4. 安全 ________
5. 拥抱 ________
6. 事故 ________
7. 一刻钟 __________
8. 称重量 __________
9. 熟悉的__________
10. 诚实的 _________
11. 勇敢的 _________
12. 他自己 _________
literature
appear
voice
silver
hug
accident
quarter
weigh
familiar
honest
brave
himself
safety
empty
lawyer
refuse
mention
novel
Unit 6 I love literature
1. _________ n. 意思 → ____________adj.有意义的 ____________adv.有意义地
2._________v. 发现 → _________ n.发现;发觉
3. _________ n. 诗人→ _________ n. 诗歌, 诗集
4. _________ adj.诚实的 → _________ n. 诚实;老实
5 _________ → adj. 突然的_________ adv. 忽然;突然
6. _________ v. 使惊恐 → _________ adj.害怕的→ _________ adj. 令人害怕的
meaning
meaningful
discover
discovery
poet
poetry
honest
honesty
sudden
suddenly
frighten
frightened
frightening
词性转换
重点词句
meaningfully
be rich in
different types/kinds of
so far
hear of
put out a fire
come up with
a quarter of
be full of
be familiar with
feel sorry for sb.
想出
同情某人
熟悉······
充满······
四分之一
灭火
听说
到目前为止
富含···
不同类型的
a third time
be filled with
get mad
run away
put up
张贴
逃离
生气
15
14
13
充满
12
第三次
11
10
9
8
7
6
2
1
4
5
3
中文提示快说短语
重点词句
重点词句
13. 交易 _________
14. 达到 _________
15. 管理 _________
16. 口袋 _________
17. 人口 _________
18. 单元 _________
根据中文写英文-— 重点单词
1. 邮票 ________
2. 目标 ________
3. 大学 ________
4. 和平 ________
5. 销售 ________
6. 价格________
7. 数码的 __________
8. 好奇的 __________
9. 医学的__________
10. 一致的 _________
11. 买得起 _________
12. 标准的 _________
stamp
trade
college
achieve
sale
price
digital
curious
medical
uniform
afford
standard
peace
manage
pocket
population
unit
goal
Unit 3 Amazing sports
1. _________ v.收集;采集 → _________ n.收藏品;作品集
2._________v.储蓄;节约;保存→ _________ n.存款
3._________ v. 挣得;获得 → _________ →n.收入
4._________ n. 医学;药 →______________ → adj. 医学的
5. _________ adj. 明智的 → ____________adv.聪明地;明智地
6._________ adj.耐心的 → ___________ adv.耐心地
7. __________n.小提琴→ ____________ n.小提琴家
collect
collection
save
savings
earn
earning
medicine
medical
wise
wisely
patient
patiently
词性转换
重点词句
violin
violinist
realise one's dream
start with
later on
put one's heart into...
patent transfers
live a very simple life
achieve one's goals
make better decisions
做出更好的决定
实现某人的目标
过着非常简朴的生活
专利转让
全身心投入
后来
实现某人的梦想
从···开始
8
7
6
2
1
5
4
3
中文提示快说短语
重点词句
重点词句
根据中文写英文-— 重点单词
1. 灾难 ________
2. 地震 ________
3. 物体 ________
4. 关闭 ________
5. 闪电 ________
6. 建议 ________
7. 喉咙 __________
8. 真实的 __________
9. 大门 __________
10. 目的 _________
11. 损害 _________
12. 成功地 _________
disaster
object
lightning
advise
throat
real
gate
aim
damage
successfully
shut
earthquake
Unit 8 Natural disasters
plenty of
when it comes to (doing) sth.
pull over
keep an eye out (for sb./sth.)
bring down
less than
half an hour
deal with
解决;处理
半小时
少于
使崩溃
密切注意
靠边停车
大量的;充足的
当涉及某事时
8
7
6
2
1
5
4
3
中文提示快说短语
重点词句
take action
reach up to
采取行动
与……作斗争
9
10
1. The new ________ (机器) helps us work fast.
2.We get much useful ______________ (知识) from books.
3.The light bulb is a great ________ (发明).
4.We carry different ________ (工具) for the work.
5.Can you ________ (拼写) this difficult word?
单词拼写语境练
machine
knowledge
invention
tools
spell
重点词句
Unit 5 Great inventions
6.Yuan Longping is a great ____________ (科学家).
7.Paper is a useful __________ (invent) for people.
8.You can finish the task __________ (easy).
9.He has lots of __________ (create) ideas.
10.English is __________ (wide) used all over the world.
scientist
easily
invention
creative
widely
重点词句
单词拼写语境练
知识梳理·夯实基础
1. It connects people around the world and________ us ____ information, knowledge, an entertainment.它将世界各地的人们连接在一起,并为我们提供信息、知识和娱乐。
2. 2.when I was a student, computers ___________________.但当我是一名学生的时候,电脑还没有被广泛应用。
3. _______________making the world much safer.感谢你让这个世界变得安全很多。
provides
Thank you for
重点句型练
with
were not widely used
1.This ________ (小说) sells very well.
2.She lowered her ________ (嗓音) to talk.
3.We must pay attention to our ________ (安全).
4.I gave my grandma a warm ________ (拥抱).
5.A bad traffic ____________ (事故) happened yesterday.
单词拼写语境练
novel
voice
safety
hug
accident
重点词句
Unit 6 I love literature
6.I am ___________ (熟悉) with this old story.
7.We should have ___________ (honest) in our heart.
8.It rained ___________ (sudden) on our way home.
9.The little girl felt ___________ (frighten) of the dog.
10.That scary film is really ___________ (frighten).
familiar
suddenly
honesty
frightened
frightening
重点词句
单词拼写语境练
知识梳理·夯实基础
1. We're ______________ different types of literature in our English class this week.这周我们在英语课上正在学习不同类型的文学作品。
2. I _____________ learn more about poetry in our next class!
我迫不及待想在下节课上学习更多关于诗歌的知识!。
3.He thought it _________ the king's musicians passing by.
他认为那一定是国王的乐师们路过。
4..Although the King of Qin was furious, he______________________ set Lin free.尽管秦王怒不可遏,却别无选择,只能放蔺相如回去。。
learning about
must be
had no better choice but to
重点句型练
can't wait to
1.I collect many old ___________ (邮票) in my box.
2.Every student has a clear ___________ (目标).
3.She wants to enter a famous ___________ (大学).
4.All people wish for world ___________ (和平).
5.The shop cut the ___________ (价格) of coats.
单词拼写语境练
stamps
goal
college
peace
price
重点词句
Unit 7 The value of money
6. This is a ___________ (medicine) textbook.
7.It’s ___________ (好奇的) of him to ask many questions.
8.A ________ (wise) man always acts __________ (wise).
9.Listen to others __________ and be __________ (patient).
10.She plays the violin and wants to be a __________ (violin).
medical
wise
curious
wisely
patiently
重点词句
单词拼写语境练
patient
violinist
知识梳理·夯实基础
1. Visiting a history museum is _______________ learn more about ancient Chinese currency.参观历史博物馆是一种更深入地了解中国古代货币很好的方式。
2. ________________make smart choices with our money.明智地选择如何花钱是很重要的。。
3.Let' s ____________ these stamps.我们先从这些邮票开始看吧。
4.Ma and her husband ____________________ research.
马旭和丈夫全身心投入研究。。
It's important to
重点句型练
a great way to
start with
put their hearts into
1.A terrible ________ (灾难) hit the village last year.
2.People ran out when the ____________ (地震) came.
3.Move all heavy ________ (物体) away quickly.
4.Don’t ________ (关闭) the window, let fresh air in.
5.We saw bright ___________ (闪电) in dark sky.
单词拼写语境练
disaster
earthquake
objects
shut
lightning
重点词句
Unit 8 Natural disasters
6.Can you give me some useful ________ (建议)?
7.I have a sore __________ (喉咙) and can’t speak loudly.
8.Please tell us the ________ (real) fact.
9.Wait for me at the school __________ (大门).
10.He finished the hard work ___________ (success).
advice
real
throat
gate
successfully
重点词句
单词拼写语境练
知识梳理·夯实基础
1. ________________earthquakes, what should people do to stay safe?
说到地震,人们应该做什么来保持安全?
2.If you are outside, get to an open area______________________ .
如果你在室外,尽快前往开阔的地方。
3.If you are close to the sea, try to get _____________ the water_________ .如果你在海边,尽可能远离海水。
4. ____everyone's responsibility to______________reduce disasters or secondary disasters.采取行动减少灾害或次生灾害是每个人的责任。
When it comes to
as far away from
重点句型练
as fast as you can
as possible
It is
take action to
第二部分
语法梳理·重难专练
语法梳理
Unit 7
Unit 8
Unit 6
Unit 5
Object clauses(宾语从句)
Word formation(构词法)
Passive voice(被动语态)
Attributive clauses(定语从句)
句型 结构 例句
肯定句 主语(动作承受者) + was/were + 动词的___________+ (by + 动作执行者) The club was set up in 2010.
这个俱乐部是 2010 年成立的。
否定句 主语 + was/were + not+ 动词的____________+ 其他 I wasn't told to attend the meeting yesterday. 昨天没有人告诉我去参加会议。
一般疑问句 was/were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者)?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were .
否定回答:No, 主语 + was/were + not. —Were the trees planted last year?
这些树是去年种的吗?
—Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
1.Passive voice(一般过去时的被动语态)
被动语态用来强调动作的________,而不是动作的执行者。
语法梳理
承受者
过去分词
过去分词
2. Object clauses(宾语从句)
语法梳理
宾语从句 用法 例句
引导词
连接词
that 无实际意义 ,在从句中不充当任何成分 ,只起连接作用,可省略 He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。
连接词
whether/ if 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时 ,引导词用 whether/ if, 表示“是否”,不充当句子成分,不可省略 Could you tell me whether/ if it snows in winter in Australia? 你能告诉我澳大利亚冬天是否下雪吗?
连接代词what/ which/ who/whose/ whom 在从句中作一定的成分,如:主语、宾语、定语等 I want to know who made the toy.
我想知道谁制作的这个玩具。
连接副词when/ where/why/ how 在从句中作状语 Please tell me how you go to school. 请告诉我你怎么去学校。
2. Object clauses(宾语从句)
语法梳理
语
序 陈述语序 引导词+主语+谓语+其他 Do you know where Tom lives?
你知道汤姆住在哪里吗?
时
态
需要性原则 主句是现在时(包含一般现在时、现在进行时 、现在完成时)或将来时,从句时态根据实际情况使用相应时态 I hear Joe left for Shanghai yesterday. 我听说乔昨天去上海了。
呼应性原则 主句是过去时(包括一般过去时、 过去进行时),从句使用过去的相应时态 Kate said she was going to school soon. 凯特说她不久将要去学校。
特殊性原则 从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时 Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun. 胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
3. Attributive clauses(定语从句)
在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫________,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的词是关系代词和关系副词。
语法梳理
先行词
关系代词 指代对象 从句中可充当成分 例句
that 既可指人,也可指物 主语、表语、宾语 I don't like the people that get angry easily.
我不喜欢容易生气的人。
which 只指物 主语、表语、宾语 This is the storybook (that/which) I bought yesterday.
这就是我昨天买的那本故事书。
3. Attributive clauses(定语从句)
只能用 which,不能用 that
语法梳理
使用规则 例句
先行词指物,关系代词前有介词 The house in which Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.
鲁迅故居如今是一座博物馆。
引导非限制性定语从句(主从句
用逗号隔开) The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
这棵树有 400 年的历史了,在这里很有名。
先行词为 that /those(指物) What is that which he bought yesterday?
他昨天买的是什么?
3. Attributive clauses(定语从句)
只能用 that,不能用 which
语法梳理
使用规则 例句
先行词为 all、any、something、anything、everything、nothing、much、little、few、none 等不定代词 Is there anything that you don't understand?
你有什么不懂的地方吗?
先行词被 the only、the very、the last 修饰 My necklace is the only thing that is missing.
我的项链是唯一丢失的东西。
先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰 The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
我们应该做的第一件事是弄点儿吃的。
主句以 which/who 开头的特殊疑问句 1. Which is the player that you like best?
你最喜欢的运动员是哪一位?
多个先行词,同时指人 + 指物 The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well-known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很有名。
类型 结构 例词
复合名词 名词 + 名词 thunder+storm—thunderstorm 雷
名词 + 动词 sun+rise—sunrise日出
形容词 + 名词 green+house—greenhouse温室
动词 + 名词 play+ground—playground操场
副词 + 名词 out+side—outside外部
4.Word formation(构词法)
(一)合成法 合成词由两个或两个以上的词合并而成,又称为复合词。常见的复合词有复合名词、复合形容词、复合代词等几种类型。
语法梳理
4.Word formation(构词法)
语法梳理
类型 结构 例词
复合形容词 形容词 + 名词 first+class—first-class一流的
形容词 + 现在分词 good+looking—good-looking好看的
形容词 + 名词 - ed 形式 warm+hearted—warm-hearted热心肠的
名词 + 形容词 home+sick—homesick想家的
名词 + 现在分词 peace+loving—peace-loving爱好和平的
名词 + 过去分词 man+made—man-made人造的
副词 + 现在分词 hard+working—hard-working努力工作的
副词 + 过去分词 well+known—well-known著名的
4.Word formation(构词法)
(二)派生法 派生词是指在一个单词的前面或后面加一个词缀而形成的新词。
语法梳理
前缀 含义及构成方法 例词
dis- 表示“不;非;相反;相对”,可构成动词、名词和形容词,改变单词原有正向含义,形成反义词。 appear(v. 出现)→disappear(v. 消失)advantage(n. 有利条件)→disadvantage(n. 不利条件)honest(adj. 诚实的)→dishonest(adj. 不诚实的)
im- / in- 表示“不;非;相反的”,主要用于构成形容词和副词,否定单词本义。 possible(adj. 可能的)→impossible(adj. 不可能的)correctly(adv. 正确地)→incorrectly(adv. 不正确地)
un- 表示“不;未;非”,适用范围广,可构成形容词、副词、名词和动词,是初中最常用否定前缀。 healthy(adj. 健康的)→unhealthy(adj. 不健康的)lock(v. 锁上)→unlock(v. 开锁)
en- 表示“使处于某种状态”,多用于名词、形容词前,构成及物动词。 courage(n. 勇气)→encourage(v. 鼓励)rich(adj. 丰富的)→enrich(v. 使丰富)
re- 表示“重新;再”,多用于动词、形容词前,可衍生出对应的名词、形容词和副词。 build(v. 建造)→rebuild(v. 重建)new (adj. 新的)→renew(v. 更新)→renewable(adj. 可更新的)
4.Word formation(构词法)
语法梳理
词缀类型 后缀 构成方法 例词
形容词
后缀
-able 加在部分动词、名词后构成形容词,部分单词去 e 再加 accept (v. 接受)→acceptable (可接受的)value (n. 价值)→valuable (有价值的)
-ful 加在名词后构成形容词 hope (n. 希望)→hopeful (满怀希望的)
-less 加在名词后构成形容词 home (n. 家)→homeless (无家可归的)
-ous 加在名词后构成形容词 danger (n. 危险)→dangerous (危险的)
-y 加在名词后构成形容词 wealth (n. 财富)→wealthy (富有的)
-ly 加在名词后构成形容词 friend (n. 朋友)→friendly (友好的)
-al 加在名词后构成形容词 coast (n. 海岸)→coastal (沿海的)
4.Word formation(构词法)
语法梳理
词缀类型 后缀 构成方法 例词
副词后缀 -ly 加在形容词后构成副词 quiet (安静的)→quietly (安静地)
名词后缀
-er 加在动词后表人 / 物 speak (v. 说话)→speaker (演讲者)
-or 加在动词后表人 act (v. 表演)→actor (演员)
-ist 加在动词后表职业,部分去 e 添加 type (v. 打字)→typist (打字员)
-ment 加在动词后表行为、状态 agree (v. 同意)→agreement (同意)
-ing 加在动词后表事物、动作 draw (v. 画)→drawing (图画)
-(t)ion 加在动词后表行为、结果 collect (v. 收集)→collection (收集)
-ness 加在形容词后表性质、状态 dark (黑暗的)→darkness (黑暗)
语法专练
(1) The old bridge ______ hundreds of years ago.
A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds
(2) Could you tell me ______ you will visit the museum tomorrow?
A. if B. what C. who D. whose
(3)This is the most interesting story ______ I have ever read.
A. which B. who C. that D. what
1.单项选择
(4) The girl ______ is standing under the tree is my deskmate.
A. which B. that C. whose D. whom
(5) The housework ______ by my mother when I got home yesterday evening.
A. does B. did C. was done D. is doing
(6)Many trees ______ in our village last spring.
A. were planted B. planted C. are planted D. plant
(7)We should be ______ to everyone around us. (构词法)
A. friend B. friendly C. friendship D. unfriend
语法专练
(1) This kind of machine ____________ (invent) hundreds of years ago.
(2) She is a ____________ (create) artist and she has many new ideas.
(3) It is __________ (help) of you to give me a hand.
(4) All the rooms ____________ (clean) by the workers yesterday.
(5) I think that he __________ (finish) his homework soon.
(6) The man that is standing there is a ____________ (science).
2.用单词的正确形式填空
was invented
creative
helpful
were cleaned
will finish
scientist
语法专练
Many great inventions changed our life a lot. Do you know 1.__________ the ancient compass was invented? It 2.____________ (invent) in China thousands of years ago. It is one of the greatest inventions 3.__________ have influenced the whole world.
Now we have many modern tools. The robot 4._________ (use) in many factories last year. It can do lots of difficult work. My teacher often tells us 5._________ we should learn more knowledge. She also introduces some books 6.___________ are useful to us.
Everyone wants to be a 7.___________ (create) person. Some new ideas 8.__________ (come) up with by young people last month. I believe 9.__________ we will make more amazing things in the future. The things 10._______ we make will make our world better.
3.用括号内单词的正确形式补全短文
that
was invented
when
that/which
creative
语法专练
was used
that
were come
that
that/which
要点总结
(1)Passive voice(被动语态)
(2)Object clauses(宾语从句)
(3)Attributive clauses(定语从句)
(4)Word formation(构词法)
感谢聆听
THANKS FOR LISTENING
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