Unit 7 The value of money 定语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材冀教版八年级下册

Unit 7 The value of money 核心语法精练（ 定语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 语法填空 9 题型二 阅读理解 11 定语从句 定语从句基本概念与结构 项目 核心内容 示例 定义 修饰名词或代词（即先行词）的从句，相当于形容词的作用，常翻译为 “…… 的” This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。） 三大要素 1. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词 / 代词 2. 关系词：连接主句和从句的词（分为关系代词、关系副词） 3. 定语从句：修饰先行词的句子部分 句中： - 先行词：the book - 关系词：that - 定语从句：I bought yesterday 位置规律 通常紧跟在先行词之后，避免歧义 错误：I saw a girl in the park who wears a red dress. 正确：I saw a girl who wears a red dress in the park. 关系代词的用法（重点） 关系代词 指代对象 在句中成分 可省略情况 示例 who 人（主格） 主语 不可省略 The boy who is talking is my brother.（正在说话的男孩是我弟弟。） whom 人（宾格） 宾语 可省略（口语中常用 who 代替） The teacher whom you met yesterday is very kind.（你昨天见到的那位老师很和蔼。） which 物 / 事 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 1. The pen which is on the desk is mine.（桌子上的那支笔是我的。） 2. This is the song which I like best.（这是我最喜欢的歌。） that 人 / 物 / 事 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 1. The man that helped me is a doctor.（帮我的那个人是医生。） 2. The story that she told is interesting.（她讲的故事很有趣。） whose 人 / 物（所有格） 定语（后接名词） 不可省略 1. This is the student whose bag was lost.（这是那个丢了书包的学生。） 2. I live in a house whose windows face south.（我住在一栋窗户朝南的房子里。） 一、单项选择 1．The book ________ my father bought for me last week is very popular among students. A．who B．which C．where D．whose 2．The doctors ________ work hard to save lives in the hospitals are looked up to by everyone. A．which B．where C．when D．who 3．This is the best movie ________ I have ever seen. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 4．The computer ________ my father bought for me last week works very well. A．who B．what C．where D．which 5．—What kind of movies do you like? —I prefer movies ______ give me something to think about. A．whom B．who C．which D．what 6．The tree ________ cut down was over 500 years old. A．who was B．that were C．which was D．which were 7．Doubao is a helpful app ________ offers many useful study materials for junior high school students. A．which B．who C．whose 8．The man _________ gave us a talk yesterday is Mr. Brown. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 9．On November 20, people around the world celebrated World Children’s Day ________ reminds us play is a right for every child. A．what B．which C．who 10．The scarf ________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it. A．who B．that C．what D．whose 11．Roy prefers music ________ he can dance to. Every evening, he sings and dances in his bedroom. A．who B．that C．when D．where 12．The teacher asked us ________ we knew the student ________ father is a famous scientist. A．that; who B．whether; which C．why; whom D．if; whose 13．Those ________ finished doing it put up your hands. A．who have B．who has C．which have D．which has 14．Li Ming says he loves singers ________ their own music. A．whom writes B．that writes C．whose write D．who write 15．I prefer movies ________ me something to think about. A．which gives B．that gives C．that give D．who give 16．I often think of the days ________ I had happy moments in my primary school. A．what B．when C．that D．which 17．I wonder who knows the name of the girl ________ father works in Dongying Railway Station. A．which B．that C．whose D．who 18．I’ll never forget the days ________ we spent together five years ago. A．which B．when C．where D．how 19．—What are they talking about? —They are talking about the greatest inventors __________ made a big difference to our daily life. A．which has B．that have C．that has 20．We’ll never forget those ________ lost their lives for our country. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 二、完成句子 21．正在广场上放烟花的人是我的叔叔。 The man is off fireworks in the square is my uncle. 22．昨天给我们做环保讲座的那位专家是我爸爸的朋友。 The expert us an environmental lecture yesterday is my father’s friend. 23．我更喜欢能帮助我在一天的学习之后放松的音乐。 I music helps me relax after a day’s learning. 24．Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. (改为定语从句) Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas in the forests. 25．The houses were expensive. They were sold last week. (改写为含有定语从句的复合句) 26．我仍记得那个已经在我心底留下深刻印象的电影。 I still remember the film left a deep impression on my heart. 27．卡拉更喜欢那种带给她思考的电影。 Carla prefers movies her something to think about. 28．中国是第三个将人送入太空的国家。 China is the third nation a person into space. 29．我对跑步很痴迷。那是我唯一想做的事情。 I am crazy about running. That’s the I’ve wanted to do. 30．The book with a purple cover is about information technology. （改为复合句） The book a purple cover is about information technology. 题型一 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Long ago, people did not use money. Instead, people traded one thing for another thing. A chicken, for example, was traded for something else that had value. 1 the value was the problem. One chicken did not have the value of one cow. 2 world needed something that would have the same value everywhere. That something was gold. At the beginning, gold was used 3 (trade). To be used for trade, the gold had to be checked to see if it was real gold. It was a lot of trouble. Then, around 700 BC, gold was made into coins. It became a lot 4 (easy) to buy things with coins that could be counted. It was not until the 1700s that the 5 (one) paper money was made. Paper money brought a new problem, though. If a country printed a lot of money, the money would lose 6 (it) value. Paper money needed to be tied to something of value. Again, that thing was gold. In 1821, England introduced the gold standard. That meant that paper money 7 (support) by gold. Paper money could be traded for gold in an equal (同样的) value. Most large 8 (country) followed England in using the gold standard. After World War I, the world economy (经济) was not good. Also, new gold was not found fast enough. Economic problems appeared again. Soon, people stopped using the gold standard. They began to base their money on the value of the 9 (Britain) pound or American dollar. The gold standard worked fine 10 the past. But times change, and the gold standard is now just history. 题型二 阅读理解 Do we still need cash? The days of holding cash in our hands may be numbered. The progress of technology and the development of new electronic devices in the world change how we make payments. With a swipe (刷) of a card or a click of a mobile-phone app, our wealth goes easily at our fingertips. Happiness also arises. As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society. One of the main problems of a cashless world is the risk of being cheated and the inconvenience (不便) that follows. The digital world is not completely safe. Our present state of technology is unable to provide a safe cashless environment that could stop bad people from entering the system and abusing (滥用) the personal data. Occasionally, when an account (账户) is “locked” because of a wrong activity, having cash in hand becomes important. In a cashless society, a client would find himself locked out of his account and unable to get his money until the case is solved. Going cash-free causes great inconvenience in this case. Another reason we should not move towards becoming completely cashless is that humans might become less thrifty (节俭的). Many studies have suggested that using cash for shopping causes a psychological (心理的) pain, so people are more careful with their spending. However, payments without cash ease that psychological pain somewhat. In fact, it could make us much more reckless (草率的). We cannot choose to ignore (忽略) the fact that a large percentage of poor people in the developing world depend on cash to buy everyday goods such as rice and vegetables. Being cashless may not be as beneficial to the poor as it is made out to be. The idea of society finally going completely cashless is a very real, even an exciting one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to build a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one. 1．When will you most probably feel happier? A．When you buy your favorite shoes with cash in a store. B．When you click your payment app on your mobile phone. C．When you pay for your everyday goods such as rice and vegetables. D．When you get more benefits from cash-free transactions with poor people. 2．What does the underlined word “ease” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Increase. B．Interest. C．Reduce. D．Stop. 3．What does the writer probably agree? A．Cash-free provides people a more convenient environment. B．The technology nowadays is safe enough for clients. C．Cashless society can stop people from abusing the data. D．We should not move towards a completely cashless society. 4．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A．Is Cash-Free Society Coming? B．Is Cashless Society Really Free? C．The Benefits of Cash-Free Society. D．Cashless Society Brings us Convenience. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 The value of money 核心语法精练（ 定语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 语法填空 9 题型二 阅读理解 11 定语从句 定语从句基本概念与结构 项目 核心内容 示例 定义 修饰名词或代词（即先行词）的从句，相当于形容词的作用，常翻译为 “…… 的” This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。） 三大要素 1. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词 / 代词 2. 关系词：连接主句和从句的词（分为关系代词、关系副词） 3. 定语从句：修饰先行词的句子部分 句中： - 先行词：the book - 关系词：that - 定语从句：I bought yesterday 位置规律 通常紧跟在先行词之后，避免歧义 错误：I saw a girl in the park who wears a red dress. 正确：I saw a girl who wears a red dress in the park. 关系代词的用法（重点） 关系代词 指代对象 在句中成分 可省略情况 示例 who 人（主格） 主语 不可省略 The boy who is talking is my brother.（正在说话的男孩是我弟弟。） whom 人（宾格） 宾语 可省略（口语中常用 who 代替） The teacher whom you met yesterday is very kind.（你昨天见到的那位老师很和蔼。） which 物 / 事 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 1. The pen which is on the desk is mine.（桌子上的那支笔是我的。） 2. This is the song which I like best.（这是我最喜欢的歌。） that 人 / 物 / 事 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 1. The man that helped me is a doctor.（帮我的那个人是医生。） 2. The story that she told is interesting.（她讲的故事很有趣。） whose 人 / 物（所有格） 定语（后接名词） 不可省略 1. This is the student whose bag was lost.（这是那个丢了书包的学生。） 2. I live in a house whose windows face south.（我住在一栋窗户朝南的房子里。） 一、单项选择 1．The book ________ my father bought for me last week is very popular among students. A．who B．which C．where D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我父亲上周给我买的那本书在学生中很受欢迎。 考查关系词辨析。who谁，指人；which哪一个，指物；where哪里，指地点；whose谁的，表示所有。分析句子可知，空格后的句子为定语从句，先行词“book”为物，从句缺少宾语，应用which引导。故选B。 2．The doctors ________ work hard to save lives in the hospitals are looked up to by everyone. A．which B．where C．when D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那些在医院里努力工作挽救生命的医生们受到所有人的尊敬。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。which指物；where指地点；when指时间；who指人。从句“...work hard to save lives in the hospitals”位于名词The doctors之后，属于定语从句，先行词The doctors指人，且在从句中作主语，所以使用who。故选D。 3．This is the best movie ________ I have ever seen. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是我看过的最好的电影。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。which指物，作主语或宾语；that指人或物，作主语或宾语；who指人，作主语；whom指人，作宾语。先行词“movie”是物，且被形容词最高级“the best”修饰，定语从句中缺宾语，此时关系词通常用“that”而不用“which”。故选B。 4．The computer ________ my father bought for me last week works very well. A．who B．what C．where D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我爸爸上周给我买的电脑运转得很好。 考查定语从句的关系代词。who指人，作主语或宾语；what不引导定语从句；where指地点，作状语；which指物，作主语或宾语。分析句子结构可知，空格后“my father bought for me last week”为定语从句，修饰先行词“The computer”，且从句中缺少宾语，先行词为物，故用which。故选D。 5．—What kind of movies do you like? —I prefer movies ______ give me something to think about. A．whom B．who C．which D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢哪种电影？——我更喜欢能给我一些思考内容的电影。 考查定语从句引导词辨析。whom引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语，先行词一般指人；who引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词一般指人；which引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词一般指物；what不能引导定语从句。根据句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，先行词“movies”指物，且在从句中作主语，所以应该用which引导。故选C。 6．The tree ________ cut down was over 500 years old. A．who was B．that were C．which was D．which were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那棵被砍倒的树有500多年树龄了。 考查定语从句关系词及主谓一致。who was先行词指人，单数；that were先行词指人或指物，复数；which was先行词指物，单数；which were先行词指物，复数。先行词The tree指物，为单数形式，且其后的定语从句中，关系词指代先行词The tree作主语，谓语需用表示单数的was。故选C。 7．Doubao is a helpful app ________ offers many useful study materials for junior high school students. A．which B．who C．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：豆包是一款有用的应用程序，它为初中生提供了许多有用的学习材料。 考查定语从句关系代词辨析。which指物；who指人；whose表示所属关系。先行词“app”是物，且从句中缺少主语，应使用指物的关系代词which。故选A。 8．The man _________ gave us a talk yesterday is Mr. Brown. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨天给我们作报告的那个人是布朗先生。 考查定语从句。who谁（关系代词，指人，可作主语）；what什么（不能引导定语从句）；which哪一个（关系代词，指物）；whom谁（关系代词，指人，作宾语）。根据“The man...gave us a talk yesterday is Mr. Brown.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是The man，指人，且该关系代词在定语从句中作主语，因此用who。故选A。 9．On November 20, people around the world celebrated World Children’s Day ________ reminds us play is a right for every child. A．what B．which C．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：11月20日，世界各地的人们庆祝世界儿童日，这个节日提醒我们玩耍是每个孩子的权利。 考查定语从句的关系词。what不能引导定语从句；which指代物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语；who指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。本句中先行词是“World Children’s Day”，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导定语从句。故选B。 10．The scarf ________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it. A．who B．that C．what D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这条围巾是由丝绸制成的，非常昂贵。我买不起它。 考查定语从句的关系代词辨析。 who（用于人）；that（用于人或物）；what（用于名词性从句）；whose（表示所有格）。先行词“scarf”（围巾）是物，应选用于物的关系代词“that”。故选B。 11．Roy prefers music ________ he can dance to. Every evening, he sings and dances in his bedroom. A．who B．that C．when D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Roy更喜欢他能够跟着跳舞的音乐。每天晚上，他在卧室里唱歌跳舞。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。who谁，指人；that关系代词，指物或人；when当……时，表时间；where在哪里，表地点。根据“Roy prefers music…he can dance to.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词“music”（音乐）是物，在从句“he can dance to”中作介词“to”的宾语，需用关系代词“that”引导定语从句。故选B。 12．The teacher asked us ________ we knew the student ________ father is a famous scientist. A．that; who B．whether; which C．why; whom D．if; whose 【答案】D 【详解】句意：老师问我们是否认识那个父亲是著名科学家的学生。 考查宾语从句及定语从句。that那；who谁；whether是否；which哪一个；why为什么；whom谁；if是否；whose谁的。根据“The teacher asked us ... we knew the student”可知，空一处是询问是否认识那个学生，用whether或if引导宾语从句；根据“we knew the student ... father is a famous scientist.”可知，空二处是定语从句，且指的是那个学生的父亲，用whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰名词father。故选D。 13．Those ________ finished doing it put up your hands. A．who have B．who has C．which have D．which has 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那些已经完成它的人举手。 考查定语从句的用法和主谓一致。根据“Those...finished doing it put up your hands.”可知，此句是定语从句，先行词those指人，应用关系代词 who；且those为复数，从句谓语动词需用复数形式have。故选A。 14．Li Ming says he loves singers ________ their own music. A．whom writes B．that writes C．whose write D．who write 【答案】D 【详解】句意：李明说他喜欢自己写音乐的歌手。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，从句缺少主语，且先行词singers指人，所以用关系代词who引导定语从句，排除A和C；又因为关系代词在从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致，先行词singers是复数，所以谓语动词用原形write，排除B。故选D。 15．I prefer movies ________ me something to think about. A．which gives B．that gives C．that give D．who give 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我更喜欢那些给我一些思考的电影。 考查定语从句和主谓一致。句子是定语从句，先行词是movies，且关系词在从句中作主语，用that/which引导定语从句，且关系词指代名词复数，谓语动词用原形。故选C。 16．I often think of the days ________ I had happy moments in my primary school. A．what B．when C．that D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我经常想起我在小学时度过快乐时光的那些日子。 考查定语从句引导词辨析。what不能引导定语从句；when引导定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词 (如 day, time, year 等)，在从句中作时间状语；that引导定语从句，可在从句中作主语或宾语，修饰人或物；which引导定语从句，修饰物或整个句子，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据“the days…I had happy moments in my primary school.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是“days”，在从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导，表示“在那些日子里”。故选B。 17．I wonder who knows the name of the girl ________ father works in Dongying Railway Station. A．which B．that C．whose D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我想知道谁知道那个女孩的名字，她的父亲在东营火车站工作。 考查关系代词。which指物，不用于人；that可用于人或物，但不表示所有格；whose表示所有格；who用于人，作主语或宾语，不表示所有格。分析句子可知，此处表示“女孩的父亲”，应用whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the girl”。故选C。 18．I’ll never forget the days ________ we spent together five years ago. A．which B．when C．where D．how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记五年前我们一起度过的那些日子。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。which哪一个，关系代词；when当……时，关系副词；where在……地方，关系副词；how如何，关系副词。根据句子结构，先行词“the days”在定语从句“we spent together five years ago”中作动词“spent”的宾语，需用关系代词which指代物并充当宾语。故选A。 19．—What are they talking about? —They are talking about the greatest inventors __________ made a big difference to our daily life. A．which has B．that have C．that has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——他们在谈论什么？——他们在谈论那些对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明家。 考查定语从句引导词及主谓一致。which先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语；that先行词指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语。结合题干可知，本句是定语从句，先行词inventors指人且被最高级“the greatest”修饰，关系词用that；先行词为复数，从句谓语用have。故选B。 20．We’ll never forget those ________ lost their lives for our country. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们永远不会忘记那些为我们的国家牺牲生命的人。 考查关系代词辨析。who谁，主格；which哪个，指物；whom谁，宾格；whose谁的，所有格。根据“We’ll never forget those...lost their lives for our country.”可知，空格处引导定语从句修饰“those”，这里指的是人，并在从句中作主语，指代人时主格关系代词用“who”。故选A。 二、完成句子 21．正在广场上放烟花的人是我的叔叔。 The man is off fireworks in the square is my uncle. 【答案】 who/that setting 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺“引导定语从句的关系词”和“正在放（烟花）”。先行词为the man，指人且在从句中作主语，关系代词用who/that；“放烟花”使用set off fireworks；此处为正在进行时，故用setting。故填who/that；setting。 22．昨天给我们做环保讲座的那位专家是我爸爸的朋友。 The expert us an environmental lecture yesterday is my father’s friend. 【答案】 who/that gave 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处为定语从句，give a lecture“做讲座”，根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，故此处应用过去式gave；第一空为定语从句引导词，从句缺主语，先行词The expert为人，故应用who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that；gave。 23．我更喜欢能帮助我在一天的学习之后放松的音乐。 I music helps me relax after a day’s learning. 【答案】 prefer that/which 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处表示“更喜欢”和“……的”，“更喜欢”用动词“prefer”，句子描述个人喜好，用一般现在时，主语I是第一人称，动词用原形；该句为定语从句，先行词music，关系代词“that”或“which”，故填prefer；that/which。 24．Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. (改为定语从句) Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas in the forests. 【答案】 that/which live 【详解】句意：科学家说，现在生活在森林里的大熊猫不到2000只。分析句子可知pandas是先行词，属于物，关系代词用that或which，引导定语从句；从句时态是一般现在时，主语是指代复数，所以谓语动词用原形live。故填that/which；live。 25．The houses were expensive. They were sold last week. (改写为含有定语从句的复合句) 【答案】The houses which were sold last week were expensive/The houses that were sold last week were expensive. 【详解】句意：房子是昂贵的。它们上周被卖掉了。考查简单句和主从复合句的转换。分析句子可知第二个句子可以作定语从句，先行词为houses，为“物”，关系词应用which/that，在从句中作主语，即“上周被卖的房子是昂贵的”，故填The houses which/that were sold last week were expensive. 26．我仍记得那个已经在我心底留下深刻印象的电影。 I still remember the film left a deep impression on my heart. 【答案】 which/that has 【详解】分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是the film，且关系词在句中作主语，所以用which/that引导从句；根据汉语“已经”可知，时态是现在完成时，主语是单数，所以助动词用has。故填which/that；has。 27．卡拉更喜欢那种带给她思考的电影。 Carla prefers movies her something to think about. 【答案】 that/which give 【详解】句子是定语从句，先行词movies指物，用that或which引导定语从句，“带给”give，根据“prefers”可知用一般现在时，movies是复数，从句中谓语用动词原形。故填that/which；give。 28．中国是第三个将人送入太空的国家。 China is the third nation a person into space. 【答案】 that sent 【详解】根据“China is the third nation ... a person into space.”可知，此句含有定语从句，先行词是物，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词被序数词修饰，应该用that引导定语从句；send“送入”，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填that；sent。 29．我对跑步很痴迷。那是我唯一想做的事情。 I am crazy about running. That’s the I’ve wanted to do. 【答案】 only thing that 【详解】the only thing“唯一的事”，先行词是the only thing，需用that引导定语从句。故填only；thing；that。 30．The book with a purple cover is about information technology. （改为复合句） The book a purple cover is about information technology. 【答案】 that/which has 【详解】句意：这本紫色封面的书是关于信息技术的。“有紫色封面”作定语，修饰名词book，此处可用定语从句，先行词是the book，关系词在从句中作主语，用that/which引导，从句用一般现在时，从句谓语动词用单三has“有”。故填that/which；has。 题型一 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Long ago, people did not use money. Instead, people traded one thing for another thing. A chicken, for example, was traded for something else that had value. 1 the value was the problem. One chicken did not have the value of one cow. 2 world needed something that would have the same value everywhere. That something was gold. At the beginning, gold was used 3 (trade). To be used for trade, the gold had to be checked to see if it was real gold. It was a lot of trouble. Then, around 700 BC, gold was made into coins. It became a lot 4 (easy) to buy things with coins that could be counted. It was not until the 1700s that the 5 (one) paper money was made. Paper money brought a new problem, though. If a country printed a lot of money, the money would lose 6 (it) value. Paper money needed to be tied to something of value. Again, that thing was gold. In 1821, England introduced the gold standard. That meant that paper money 7 (support) by gold. Paper money could be traded for gold in an equal (同样的) value. Most large 8 (country) followed England in using the gold standard. After World War I, the world economy (经济) was not good. Also, new gold was not found fast enough. Economic problems appeared again. Soon, people stopped using the gold standard. They began to base their money on the value of the 9 (Britain) pound or American dollar. The gold standard worked fine 10 the past. But times change, and the gold standard is now just history. 【答案】 1．But 2．The 3．for trade 4．easier 5．first 6．its 7．was supported 8．countries 9．British 10．in 【导语】本文主要讲述了货币的发展史。 1．句意：但是价值才是问题所在。“One chicken did not have the value of one cow.”与“A chicken, for example, was traded for something else that had value.”构成转折关系，but“但是”，连词，句首首字母大写。故填But。 2．句意：世界需要某种在任何地方都有相同价值的东西。word为独一无二的事物，其前需加定冠词the，句首首字母大写。故填The。 3．句意：一开始，黄金被用来进行交易。be used for sth.“被用来做某事”。故填for trade。 4．句意：用可以数出来的硬币买东西变得容易多了。本句表达用硬币买东西比以前硬币没出现时更容易，结合“a lot”修饰形容词比较级，所以此处填写easy的比较级。故填easier。 5．句意：直到18世纪，第一张纸币才被制造出来。根据the及语境可知，此处表达“第一”张纸币，填写one的序数词表示顺序。故填first。 6．句意：如果一个国家印了很多钱，这些钱就会失去它的价值。设空处修饰其后名词value，所以填写it的形容词性物主代词。故填its。 7．句意：这意味着纸币是由黄金支撑的。主语“paper money”与support之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，结合meant，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态表达，主语为不可数名词，be动词用was。故填was supported。 8．句意：大多数大国都在效仿英国采用金本位制。country“国家”，most后接可数名词复数。故填countries。 9．句意：他们开始以英镑或美元的价值为基础。British pound“英镑”，专有名词。故填British。 10．句意：金本位制在过去运行良好。in the past“在过去”，介词短语。故填in。 题型二 阅读理解 Do we still need cash? The days of holding cash in our hands may be numbered. The progress of technology and the development of new electronic devices in the world change how we make payments. With a swipe (刷) of a card or a click of a mobile-phone app, our wealth goes easily at our fingertips. Happiness also arises. As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society. One of the main problems of a cashless world is the risk of being cheated and the inconvenience (不便) that follows. The digital world is not completely safe. Our present state of technology is unable to provide a safe cashless environment that could stop bad people from entering the system and abusing (滥用) the personal data. Occasionally, when an account (账户) is “locked” because of a wrong activity, having cash in hand becomes important. In a cashless society, a client would find himself locked out of his account and unable to get his money until the case is solved. Going cash-free causes great inconvenience in this case. Another reason we should not move towards becoming completely cashless is that humans might become less thrifty (节俭的). Many studies have suggested that using cash for shopping causes a psychological (心理的) pain, so people are more careful with their spending. However, payments without cash ease that psychological pain somewhat. In fact, it could make us much more reckless (草率的). We cannot choose to ignore (忽略) the fact that a large percentage of poor people in the developing world depend on cash to buy everyday goods such as rice and vegetables. Being cashless may not be as beneficial to the poor as it is made out to be. The idea of society finally going completely cashless is a very real, even an exciting one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to build a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one. 1．When will you most probably feel happier? A．When you buy your favorite shoes with cash in a store. B．When you click your payment app on your mobile phone. C．When you pay for your everyday goods such as rice and vegetables. D．When you get more benefits from cash-free transactions with poor people. 2．What does the underlined word “ease” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Increase. B．Interest. C．Reduce. D．Stop. 3．What does the writer probably agree? A．Cash-free provides people a more convenient environment. B．The technology nowadays is safe enough for clients. C．Cashless society can stop people from abusing the data. D．We should not move towards a completely cashless society. 4．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A．Is Cash-Free Society Coming? B．Is Cashless Society Really Free? C．The Benefits of Cash-Free Society. D．Cashless Society Brings us Convenience. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了是否还需要现金以及不应该走向无现金社会的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据“With a swipe (刷) of a card or a click of a mobile-phone app, our wealth goes easily at our fingertips. Happiness also arises.”可知，当你点击手机上的支付应用时，你很可能会感到更开心。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Many studies have suggested that using cash for shopping causes a psychological (心理的) pain, so people are more careful with their spending. However, payments without cash ease that psychological pain somewhat”可知，用现金购物会导致心理上的痛苦，所以人们在消费时会更加小心，然而，没有现金的支付在某种程度上减少了这种心理上的痛苦，故此处划线部分意为“减少”，与reduce意思相近。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society.”可知，作者认为我们不应该走向一个完全没有现金的社会。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了是否还需要现金以及不应该走向无现金社会的原因，故以选项A“无现金社会来了吗”为标题最合适。故选A。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $