内容正文:
译林英语八下Unit7单词讲解
(按教材单词表顺序)
1. medical /ˈmedɪkl/ (adj. 医疗的)
常见搭配:medical care(医疗护理);medical team(医疗团队);medical research(医学研究);medical treatment(医疗救治)
考点提示:形容词,修饰名词作定语;名词形式为medicine,表“医学”时为不可数名词,表“药物”时可可数或不可数,注意词性转换。
经典例句:He works in a medical research center.
2. organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ (n. 组织)
常见搭配:an international organization(国际组织);charity organization(慈善组织);non-profit organization(非营利组织)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为organizations;美式拼写为organization,英式拼写为organisation;动词形式为organize(组织),派生词还有organizer(组织者)。
经典例句:The organization helps people in need.
3. lip /lɪp/ (n. 嘴唇)
常见搭配:upper lip(上唇);lower lip(下唇);bite one’s lip(咬嘴唇,表克制情绪);kiss sb. on the lips(亲吻某人的嘴唇)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为lips,通常用复数形式表示“嘴唇”;“bite one’s lip”为高频短语,需牢记其引申义。
经典例句:She bit her lip to keep from crying.
4. interviewer /ˈɪntəvjuːə(r)/ (n. 采访者)
常见搭配:a TV interviewer(电视台采访者);a job interviewer(招聘面试官);an experienced interviewer(资深采访者)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为interviewers;由动词interview(采访、面试)加后缀-er构成,对应“被采访者/应聘者”为interviewee,注意区分两者含义。
经典例句:The interviewer asked some difficult questions.
5. billion /ˈbɪljən/ (n. 十亿)
常见搭配:two billion(二十亿);billions of(数十亿的,大量的);one and a half billion(十五亿)
考点提示:数词,前有具体数字(如two、three)时,billion不加s,也不接of;表示不确定数量时,加s且接of,即billions of。
经典例句:The population of China is over 1.4 billion.
6. cure /kjʊə(r)/ (vt. 治好(疾病);治愈;n. 药物,疗法)
常见搭配:cure sb. of sth.(治愈某人的某种疾病);a cure for cancer(癌症疗法);find a cure for(找到……的治疗方法)
考点提示:可作动词或名词;动词核心搭配为“cure sb. of sth.”,不可省略of;区别于treat(治疗,侧重过程),cure侧重“治愈”的结果。
经典例句:The new drug can cure the disease.
7. treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ (n. 治疗)
常见搭配:medical treatment(医疗治疗);receive treatment(接受治疗);under treatment(在治疗中);effective treatment(有效治疗)
考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;动词形式为treat(医治、对待),常用搭配“treat sb. for sth.”(医治某人的疾病)。
经典例句:He is receiving treatment for his illness.
8. aim /eɪm/ (n. 目的,目标;vt. & vi. 力争做到;旨在)
常见搭配:aim to do sth.(旨在做某事);aim at(瞄准;旨在);with the aim of(旨在,目的是);achieve one’s aim(实现目标)
考点提示:可作名词或动词;作名词时为可数名词,复数形式为aims;作动词时,aim at后可接名词或动名词,aim to后接不定式。
经典例句:The project aims to help poor children.
9. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ (n. 病人;adj. 耐心的)
常见搭配:a patient with cancer(癌症病人);be patient with sb.(对某人耐心);be patient of sth.(容忍某事);see a patient(接诊病人)
考点提示:作名词时为可数名词,复数形式为patients;作形容词时,派生词为patience(耐心,不可数名词)、impatient(不耐烦的),高频搭配为be patient with。
经典例句:The doctor is talking to his patient.
10. afford /əˈfɔːd/ (vt. 能做,买得起)
常见搭配:afford to do sth.(负担得起做某事);afford sth.(买得起某物);can’t afford(负担不起);hardly afford(勉强负担)
考点提示:及物动词,常与can、could、be able to连用,多用于否定句和疑问句;后接名词或不定式,不可接动名词。
经典例句:We can’t afford to buy a new house.
11. go to hospital (固定短语)
常见搭配:go to hospital for treatment(去医院接受治疗);go to hospital with a fever(发烧去看病);need to go to hospital(需要去医院)
考点提示:固定短语,表“去看病、去住院”,为英式英语用法;美式英语中表“去看病”需加定冠词the,即go to the hospital,不加the可能指去医院工作/探望。
经典例句:He went to hospital because of a fever.
12. on board (固定短语)
常见搭配:on board the plane(在飞机上);on board the ship(在船上);on board the train(在火车上);all on board(全体登机/登船)
考点提示:固定短语,表“在飞机、船、火车等交通工具上”,可置于句末或句中;也可引申为“加入团队、成为一员”,如join us on board。
经典例句:All passengers must be on board before departure.
13. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ (vi. 得益于,得利于;n. 优势,益处,成效)
常见搭配:benefit from(从……受益);for the benefit of(为了……的利益);get benefit from(从……获得益处);bring benefit to(给……带来好处)
考点提示:可作动词或名词;作动词时为不及物动词,后接from引出受益对象;作名词时为可数或不可数名词,复数形式为benefits。
经典例句:We can benefit from regular exercise.
14. eye care (固定短语)
常见搭配:eye care products(护眼产品);eye care center(护眼中心);daily eye care(日常眼部护理);eye care tips(护眼小贴士)
考点提示:固定名词短语,表“眼睛保健、眼部护理”,由“名词+名词”构成,eye作定语修饰care,为高频生活类短语。
经典例句:Good eye care is important for students.
15. session /ˈseʃn/ (n. 一场)
常见搭配:a training session(一场训练);a therapy session(一场治疗);a meeting session(一场会议);a class session(一节课)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为sessions;特指有固定时长、目的的“一场活动、一次会议或治疗”,需结合语境理解具体含义。
经典例句:We had a three-hour training session this morning.
16. operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ (vi. 动手术;vt. 操作)
常见搭配:operate on sb.(给某人做手术);operate a machine(操作机器);operate a business(经营生意);operate smoothly(运转顺利)
考点提示:可作及物或不及物动词;表“动手术”时为不及物动词,必须加介词on,即operate on sb.;名词形式为operation(手术、操作)。
经典例句:The doctor will operate on her tomorrow.
17. operate on (固定搭配)
常见搭配:operate on the patient(给病人做手术);operate on the injured leg(给受伤的腿做手术);operate on sb. for sth.(因某事给某人做手术)
考点提示:固定动词搭配,表“给……做手术”,on为介词,后接手术对象(人或身体部位);被动形式为be operated on,如She was operated on last week。
经典例句:The surgeon operated on the injured man.
18. treat /triːt/ (vt. 医治;把…视为)
常见搭配:treat sb. for sth.(医治某人的某种疾病);treat sb. as(把某人当作……);treat sb. to sth.(招待某人吃某物);treat oneself(犒劳自己)
考点提示:及物动词,含义丰富,需结合语境判断;名词形式为treatment(治疗,不可数名词),区别于cure,treat侧重“治疗过程”。
经典例句:The doctor treated her for a cold.
19. carry on (with) (固定短语)
常见搭配:carry on working(继续工作);carry on with the project(继续项目);carry on doing sth.(继续做某事);carry on a conversation(继续交谈)
考点提示:固定短语,表“继续做某事”,carry on后接动名词,carry on with后接名词;可用于鼓励他人“坚持下去”,如Carry on!
经典例句:Please carry on with your work while I’m away.
20. interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ (n. 采访,访谈;面试;vt. 采访)
常见搭配:have an interview(进行面试/采访);interview sb.(采访某人);a job interview(求职面试);a TV interview(电视采访)
考点提示:可作名词或动词;作名词时为可数名词,复数形式为interviews;派生词为interviewer(采访者/面试官)和interviewee(被采访者/应聘者)。
经典例句:She had an interview for the job yesterday.
21. grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ (adj. 感激的)
常见搭配:be grateful to sb.(感激某人);be grateful for sth.(感激某事/某物);be grateful that从句(感激……);deeply grateful(深深感激)
考点提示:形容词,修饰人,表“内心感激的”;同义词为thankful,派生词为gratitude(感激,不可数名词),常用搭配express gratitude。
经典例句:I’m grateful for your help.
22. darkness /ˈdɑːknəs/ (n. 黑暗)
常见搭配:in the darkness(在黑暗中);fear of darkness(怕黑);lose oneself in darkness(迷失在黑暗中);the darkness of night(夜晚的黑暗)
考点提示:不可数名词,无复数形式;形容词形式为dark(黑暗的),注意区分in the dark和in the darkness,前者侧重“在暗处”,后者侧重“在漆黑的环境中”。
经典例句:We walked home in the darkness.
23. blind /blaɪnd/ (vt. 使失明;adj. 失明的)
常见搭配:be blinded by the light(被强光晃瞎);go blind(失明,不及物);be blind in one eye(一只眼失明);turn a blind eye(视而不见)
考点提示:可作动词或形容词;动词过去式、过去分词均为blinded;作形容词时,“the blind”表“盲人”群体,谓语动词用复数。
经典例句:The accident blinded him in one eye.
24. addition /əˈdɪʃn/ (n. 增加;增加物)
常见搭配:in addition(此外,另外);in addition to(除……之外还);an addition to the family(家庭新成员);the addition of(……的增加)
考点提示:不可数名词,表“增加”;表“增加物”时为可数名词;形容词形式为additional(额外的),in addition to后接名词或动名词,可置于句首或句中。
经典例句:In addition, we need to prepare some snacks.
25. in addition (固定短语)
常见搭配:in addition, we have a meeting tomorrow(此外,我们明天有个会);in addition, he is good at music(此外,他还擅长音乐)
考点提示:固定短语,表“除……以外(还)”,用于补充说明,相当于besides;可置于句首、句中或句末,句首时后接逗号。
经典例句:In addition to English, he also speaks French.
26. directly /dəˈrektli; daɪˈrektli/ (adv. 直接)
常见搭配:go directly to the office(直接去办公室);directly answer(直接回答);directly opposite(正对面);contact sb. directly(直接联系某人)
考点提示:副词,修饰动词、形容词或副词;形容词形式为direct(直接的);也可作连词,表“一……就……”,相当于as soon as,引导时间状语从句。
经典例句:She went directly to the manager’s office.
27. train /treɪn/ (vt. & vi. 培训,训练;n. 火车)
常见搭配:train sb. to do sth.(训练某人做某事);train for a race(为比赛训练);train as a doctor(接受医生培训);by train(乘火车)
考点提示:可作动词或名词;作动词时为及物或不及物动词,派生词为training(训练,不可数名词)、trainer(教练);作名词时为可数名词,复数形式为trains。
经典例句:The company trains new employees for three months.
28. leaflet /ˈliːflət/ (n. 传单,小册子)
常见搭配:a promotional leaflet(宣传传单);distribute leaflets(分发传单);a tourist leaflet(旅游手册);print leaflets(印刷传单)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为leaflets;近义词为brochure(小册子),leaflet更侧重“宣传性传单”,体积较小。
经典例句:We handed out leaflets to promote the event.
29. hand out (固定短语)
常见搭配:hand out flyers(分发传单);hand out gifts(分发礼物);hand out food(分发食物);hand out textbooks(分发课本)
考点提示:固定动词短语,表“分发、散发”,为及物短语,宾语可置于hand和out之间,也可置于out之后;区别于give out,hand out更侧重“亲手分发”。
经典例句:Volunteers are handing out food to the homeless.
30. champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ (n. 捍卫者,声援者,拥护者;冠军)
常见搭配:a world champion(世界冠军);a champion of peace(和平的捍卫者);defend the champion(卫冕冠军);a boxing champion(拳击冠军)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为champions;派生词为championship(锦标赛,可数名词);注意区分champion(冠军,人)和championship(赛事)。
经典例句:He is a champion of women’s rights.
31. right /raɪt/ (n. 权利;adj. 正确的;右边的;adv. 正确地;向右)
常见搭配:human rights(人权);the right to vote(选举权);civil rights(公民权利);on the right(在右边);do the right thing(做正确的事)
考点提示:多词性词,作名词表“权利”时为可数名词,常用复数形式rights;需结合语境区分其“权利、正确、右边”等含义,避免混淆。
经典例句:Everyone has the right to education.
32. progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ (n. 进步,进展;vi. 进展)
常见搭配:make progress(取得进步);progress in sth.(在……方面的进步);slow progress(进展缓慢);rapid progress(快速进步)
考点提示:作名词时为不可数名词,不能加s,常用搭配“make progress”,不能说“make a progress”;作动词时发音为/prəˈɡres/,表“进展、进步”。
经典例句:She has made great progress in English.
33. virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ (n. 病毒)
常见搭配:a computer virus(电脑病毒);a virus infection(病毒感染);spread a virus(传播病毒);kill the virus(杀死病毒)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为viruses(特殊变化,不是virus);区别于bacteria(细菌,复数),virus多指“病毒”,需借助药物或免疫系统清除。
经典例句:The virus spread quickly across the country.
34. miss out on (固定短语)
常见搭配:miss out on the opportunity(错失机会);miss out on the fun(错过乐趣);miss out on the party(错过派对);don’t miss out on(别错过)
考点提示:固定短语,表“错失机会、错过(有益的事物)”,out和on不可省略,后接名词或动名词;口语和书面语中均常用。
经典例句:Don’t miss out on this great chance.
35. war /wɔː(r)/ (n. 战争;斗争)
常见搭配:world war(世界大战);a war against poverty(反贫困斗争);at war(处于战争状态);end the war(结束战争);civil war(内战)
考点提示:可数名词,复数形式为wars;“at war”为固定搭配,表“处于战争中”,不加冠词;引申义为“针对……的斗争”,后接against。
经典例句:The country has been at war for years.
36. influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ (adj. 有影响力的)
常见搭配:an influential person(有影响力的人);influential ideas(有影响力的观点);influential leaders(有影响力的领导人);be influential in(在……方面有影响)
考点提示:形容词,修饰人、观点、事物等;名词形式为influence(影响,可作动词或名词),常用搭配“have an influence on”。
经典例句:She is an influential leader in the industry.
(
1
)
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$