Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar & Writing（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语动词-ing形式（的短语）作状语和宾语补足语核心语法点，系统梳理作状语时的形式（一般式doing/being done、完成式having done/having been done）、类型（时间、原因、结果等）及注意事项（逻辑主语、从属连词等），衔接作宾语补足语的四种情况（感官动词、使役动词等后），并延伸至评论性文章写作指导，构建从语法规则到语用实践的学习支架。 该资料通过表格对比、例题解析等结构化设计，助力学生精准掌握语法规则，提升语言运用能力。写作部分以“总—分—总”结构为框架，结合范文与练习，培养学生分析现象、阐述观点的思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后提供分层练习与范文参考，帮助学生自主查漏补缺，强化学习效果。

Grammar & Writing 动词ing形式(的短语)作状语和宾语补足语 要点①　动词ing形式(的短语)作状语 1．动词ing形式(的短语)作状语时的形式 主动 形式 被动 形式 时态意义 语态意义 一 般 式 doing being done 表示动作与谓语表示的动作(几乎)同时发生或之后发生 主动形式表示构成动词ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；被动形式表示构成动词ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 续表 主动 形式 被动 形式 时态意义 语态意义 完 成 式 having done having been done 表示动作先于谓语表示的动作发生 主动形式表示构成动词ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；被动形式表示构成动词ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 　　Representing the student association, I went to the airport to meet the international students. 代表学生会，我去机场迎接国际学生。 Having finished his summary, he went out for a walk. 完成总结后，他出去散步了。 语法填空 ①The staff is friendly and helpful， (provide) you with a map of the city when you arrive，and offering advice if you require some. 解析　句意：工作人员友好而乐于助人，当你到达时，他们会为你提供城市地图，如果你需要一些建议，他们也会提供建议。provide与句子主语The staff是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以填providing。 答案　providing ②All the football players on the playground cheered loudly， (say) that I had a talent for football. 解析　say与其逻辑主语All the football players之间为主谓关系，且其表示的动作与谓语动词cheered所表示的动作同时发生，故空处应用动词ing形式，表示伴随。 答案　saying ③ (work)for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 解析　此处表示工作了两天之后，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。句子的主语为Steve，与work之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，又因work表示的动作发生在managed所表示的动作之前，故用动词ing形式的完成式。 答案　Having worked 2．动词ing形式(的短语)作状语的类型 动词ing形式(的短语)作状语时可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、结果、方式或伴随状况；作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列成分；作原因、条件、让步、时间状语时相当于对应的状语从句；作结果状语时表示一种必然的结果，常置于句末，可转换为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。 状语 类型 例句 时间 Hearing the news，they immediately set off for Shanghai.(＝ When they heard the news，they immediately set off for Shanghai.) 听到这个消息，他们立即出发去上海了。 原因 Being tired, I stopped to have a rest. (＝Because I was tired，I stopped to have a rest.) 我累了，于是停下来休息。 结果 The snow lasted a week，resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area.(＝The snow lasted a week and resulted in serious traffic confusion in the whole area.) 这场雪持续了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。 条件 Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.(＝ If you turn to the right，you will find a path leading to his cottage.) 向右转弯，你就可以找到一条通往他的小屋的小路。 让步 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her Best. (＝Although I admit what she has said，I still think that she hasn't tried her best.) 尽管我承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽她最大的努力。 方式 Please answer the question using another way. (＝Please answer the question and use another way.) 请用另一种方式回答这个问题。 伴随 I stood there，waiting for her. (＝I stood there and waited for her.) 我站在那儿等她。 语法填空 ④After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college， (work) to pay her tuition (学费)，because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. 解析　句意：中学毕业后，詹妮弗就读于当地的一所专业技术学院，学费是她打工赚来的，因为家里没有余钱供她上大学。动词work与其逻辑主语Jennifer是主谓关系，因此用动词ing形式作伴随状语。 答案　working ⑤I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes (read) up to three books a day as a child. 解析　句意：我一直是个狂热的读者，小时候有时一天读的书多达三本。主语I与动词read是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用动词ing形式。 答案　reading ⑥One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments (use) some common vegetables. 解析　句意：他最近的项目之一是用一些常见的蔬菜做实验，让植物发光。use与其逻辑主语One of his latest projects是主谓关系，故用动词ing形式作方式状语。 答案　using ⑦Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the everincreasing populations，greatly (reduce) waterfowl habitat(栖息地). 解析　句意：数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，为不断增长的人口提供食物和住房，大大减少了水禽的栖息地。空处所填词作结果状语，且reduce与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词ing形式作结果状语。 答案　reducing [名师点津]　 动词ing形式作结果状语时，表示自然而然的结果，前面常有“thus，therefore”等词；不定式作结果状语时，常表示出人意料的结果，前面常有“only”。两者通常都放在句末，且用逗号将其与句子其他部分隔开。 ►The old scientist died all of a sudden，leaving the project unfinished．那位老科学家突然去世了，留下了未完成的事业。 ►We hurried to the station to see Mary off，only to find the train had already gone．我们匆匆赶到车站为玛丽送行，却发现火车已经开走了。 3．动词ing形式(的短语)作状语时的注意事项 (1)动词ing形式(的短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，通常要在动词ing形式前面加上它自己的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的动词ing形式被称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构同动词ing形式一样，在句中作状语。注意：动词ing形式作结果状语时，动词ing形式的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子；逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 Turning around, we saw an old woman walking towards the river. 我们转过身，看见一位老太太向河边走去。(动词ing形式的短语Turning around的逻辑主语是句子的主语we) The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making air conditioning unnecessary. 凉风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要开空调。(动词ing形式的短语making air conditioning unnecessary的逻辑主语是前面的整个句子) Nobody having any more to say，the deal was closed. 没有人再要说什么，这桩买卖就成交了。(having any more to say的逻辑主语是Nobody，不是句子的主语the deal) She walked along the path，her danghter following close behind. 她沿着小路走，她的女儿紧跟其后。(following close behind的逻辑主语是her daughter，不是句子的主语She) (2)动词ing形式(的短语)作状语时，为明确状语的类型，有时可在其前面加上相应的从属连词(when，while，after，before，since，once，unless，as if，even if，though等)。“从属连词＋动词ing形式”可以视为状语从句的省略。 While(he was)waiting for the bus，he met Mary. 等公共汽车时，他遇到了玛丽。 语法填空 ⑧She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while (do) something she loves：nursing. 解析　句意：她决定回到大学(深造)来促进她的事业发展，这样能更好地养家糊口，同时做她喜欢的事情：护理。主语She与do是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填doing，while doing...nursing也可看作状语从句的省略形式。 答案　doing (3)动词ing形式(的短语)作状语时用一般式还是用完成式，要看动词ing形式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作有没有明显的先后顺序。若动词ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生或之后发生，要用动词ing形式的一般式；若动词ing形式表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词表示的动作之前，就要用动词ing形式的完成式。 They sat there，listening to the radio. 他们坐在那里，听着广播。(动词ing形式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作几乎同时发生) She went home，finding the door locked. 她回到家，发现门锁着。(动词ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后) Having spent nearly all our money，we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. 我们花完了几乎所有的钱，没钱住旅馆了。(动词ing形式表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生) 语法填空 ⑨ which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice. A．Not knowing　　　 B．Knowing not C．Not known D．Known not 解析　句意：由于不知道上哪所大学，那个女孩向她的老师征求意见。the girl与know之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且动词ing形式的否定式为“not＋动词ing”，所以选A。 答案　A (4)动词ing形式的否定形式是“not/never＋动词ing”。 Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam. 由于没有尽最大努力，他这次考试没能通过。 (5)有些动词ing形式(的短语)已成为习惯用语，用来饰整个句子，作状语。如： judging from/by...从……来判断 supposing...假设…… providing that...假如…… assuming...假如…… frankly speaking坦白地说 considering...考虑到…… seeing that...鉴于……；既然…… generally speaking一般说来 according to...按照……；据……所说 taking...into consideration考虑到…… Ⅰ.(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①The park was full of people，enjoying (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. ②Having worked (work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. ③Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars. ④Having spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age. (2)完成句子 ⑤While reading the book，he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。 ⑥Not knowing his address，I can't send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。 ⑦His father died，leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 要点②　动词ing形式(的短语)作宾语补足语 动词ing形式(的短语)作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语是主动关系。它主要用于以下四种情况。 (1)在感官动词后作宾语补足语 如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，catch(当场发现)，find，listen to，look at，notice，observe等。 I saw a girl crying in the street. 我看见一个女孩正在街上哭泣。 I caught him reading my private letters. 我发现他在偷看我的私人信件。 误区警示　 “感官动词see，hear，watch，observe等＋doing”作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行；“see，hear，watch，observe等＋do”作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程。 I saw Linda whispering to Danny. 我看见琳达正在和丹尼交头接耳。(表示动作正在进行) I saw Linda whisper to Danny. 我看见琳达和丹尼交头接耳。(表示动作的全过程) (2)在使役动词后作宾语补足语 如set，keep，have，get，leave等。 The joke set her bursting out laughing. 那个笑话让她大笑起来。 We shouldn't keep our lights burning in the day. 我们白天不应该开着灯。 (3)在with的复合结构中作宾语补足语 I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on. 噪声不断，我没法做家庭作业。(表示正在进行的主动动作) With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。(表示正在进行的主动动作) (4)在有些动词(短语)，如regard，deseribe，accept，think of，look on等之后，可由as引出动词ing形式作宾语补足语。 They describe the film starring Louis as being attractive. 他们描述说那部由路易斯主演的影片很吸引人。 Ⅱ.单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Mr. Smith suggested a good way to have her written English improved(improve)in a short period. ②Don't leave the water running(run)while you brush your teeth. ③Mother has the little girl play(play)the piano this afternoon. ④He needed to have some paper work delivered(deliver)across the country the next day. ⑤I love my school with students working (work) hard to realize their dreams and teachers helping (help) us like our parents. ⑥China's image is improving steadily，with more countries recognizing(recognize)its role in international affairs. ⑦With Christmas approaching(approach)，a Christmas party will be held in the school. ⑧I noticed a thief stealing money from the old woman's pocket yesterday. 昨天我注意到一个小偷正在从那位上年纪的女士口袋里偷钱。 ⑨She heard someone knocking at the door. 她听到有人在敲门。 ⑩He saw a girl get on the car and drive off． 他看见一个女孩上车把车开走了。 ⑪Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ 如何写评论性文章 评论是针对新发生的或具有普遍意义的事件发表议论、阐述道理的文章。在写评论时，可采用“总—分—总”结构。首先要介绍所要评论的事件或现象，其次分析其产生的原因以及对社会的影响，然后针对这一事件或现象发表自己的评论，最后可提出解决的办法或发出倡议。 写评论性文章时，要注意以下两点： 1．所评事件或现象的起因和当前社会已有的反响要详尽全面； 2．观点要明朗，不能自相矛盾。 1．We are all aware that every coin has two sides. 2．This phenomenon has caused a heated discussion among the social critics who are concerned about its social effects. 3．The discussion mainly falls into two opposite parts. 4．Opinions of ...vary from person to person. 5．Now，however，with the popularity of ...its advantages and disadvantages have been discussed. 6．...now plays such an important part in people's lives that it is essential for us to decide whether it is a blessing(好事) or a curse(祸端). 7．In recent years with fast economic growth，...has appeared in major cities of China. 8. ...，the controversial question has aroused fierce arguments. 科技发展给人们带来便利的同时也引发了很多困扰：人际间的沟通困难、生存环境恶化、疾病蔓延……面对这些问题，我们该何去何从？请根据自身体会并结合具体事例，谈谈你的看法和建议。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。 With the fast development of science and technology，we enjoy its convenience as well as suffer the troubles. 这是一篇议论文，要求就“科技发展给人们带来便利的同时也引发了很多困扰”这个问题谈谈你的看法和建议。写作应首先简单解释要讨论的问题；接着在文章主体部分亮出自己的观点，说明自己提倡什么、支持什么和反对什么，可采用一两个论据来论证自己的观点；最后总结全文。 With the fast development of science and technology，we enjoy its convenience as well as suffer the troubles.People nowadays live a life on the go with a mobile phone，which makes them bend over it even when they are sitting face to face.Meanwhile，the industry brings more products as well as pollutes air and water，in turn contributing to more deadly diseases like cancers. As a matter of fact，human beings are to blame for all these problems.If we wish to leave our next generations a still beautiful world，we have to take action from now on.Stop destroying the earth by dealing with the relationship between technology and the environment appropriately.What's the most important is to educate the public and carry out relevant laws. Personally，I hope these combined efforts will pay off one day. 本文要点齐全，结构清晰合理。文章使用了较多的高级词语和衔接词，使其过渡自然。一些高级表达的运用为文章增色不少。如非限制性定语从句“...which makes them bend over the phone even when they are sitting face to face.”；动词ing形式作状语，表结果：“...，in turn contributing to more deadly diseases like cancers.”；条件状语从句“If we wish to leave our next generations a still beautiful world，we have to take action from now on.”主语从句“What's the most important is to educate the public and carry out relevant laws.”等。 请根据要点提示，写一篇关于电影《泰坦尼克号》的影评。 1．《泰坦尼克号》是由James Cameron导演的一部关于Rose与Jack爱情故事的影片。 2．当大船撞上冰山(iceberg)开始沉入水里时，Rose放弃了生还的希望和Jack一起等待死亡的来临。 3．泰坦尼克号真实地演绎了一幕幕感人的场面：家人、朋友在危难降临之际的表现。 4．你的感受。 注意：1.以上要点必须包含在作文之中，不能逐词翻译。 2．词数80左右。 [参考范文] Titanic directed by James Cameron tells a love story of Rose and Jack. My favourite part of the film is that after the super ship hit the iceberg and sank into the deep sea, Rose gave up the chance of surviving and stayed with Jack waiting for the death coming. This love story made us truly feel how the people on the Titanic were feeling at that exact moment. We were deeply involved in the feelings the director created. The film brought our thought of the meaning of the life.It also told us a truth: we must cherish our life. [基础通关] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Attempting (attempt) to pass the exam，he studied harder than ever before. 2．The TV series has been on these days，appealing(appeal) to a lot of audience. 3．The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，letting (let) in the natural light during the day. 4．Having said (say) that she didn't have the potential，I don't think I am abler than her. 5．Having put (put) up with many insults (辱骂)，the man finally made his way in life. 6．Having collected (collect) all the necessary material，she began to write her report. 7．Having been appointed (appoint) as chairman，Tony held a family get­together to celebrate it. 8．A lorry broke down in Bond Street，causing (cause) a massive traffic jam. 9．Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period，exceeding (exceed) the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts. 10．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing (allow) more patients to be treated. 11．Along the way，we saw many people playing (play) music，singing (sing) and dancing(dance). 12．She heard someone knocking (knock) at the door. 13．You have kept me waiting (wait) the whole morning. 14．He's interested in the music, feeling (feel)every note, and I have to say，“Turn, turn！” 15．Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever­increasing populations, greatly reducing (reduce)waterfowl habitat (栖息地). Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Generally speaking (一般说来)，women live longer than men. 2．Supposing you fail a second time (假如你又一次失败)，don't get disappointed，but try again. 3．Turning to the right (向右转弯)，you will find a path leading to his cottage. 4．Having finished the work(完成工作后)，she went home. 5．Working hard(努力工作)，you will make your way in the company. Ⅲ.用动词ing形式改写下列句子 1．Tim was feeling tired，so he went to bed as soon as he got home. 答案　Feeling tired，Tim went to bed as soon as he got home. 2．As I came out of my house，I saw the volcano erupting(爆发). 答案　Coming out of my house，I saw the volcano erupting. 3．After she turned fifteen，she became interested in travelling. 答案　After turning fifteen，she became interested in travelling. 4．Because she didn't want to be late，Sally ran to the subway station. 答案　Not wanting to be late，Sally ran to the subway station. 5．After we watched the movie for ten minutes，we felt so bored that we decided to leave. 答案　After watching/Having watched the movie for ten minutes，we felt so bored that we decided to leave. Ⅳ.单句写作 1．我已经花了大量时间提升我的数学。 I have spent a great deal of time ． 答案　improving my maths 2．当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 When we returned to the school，we found a stranger ． 答案　standing at the entrance 3．不知道要去哪儿，她向警察寻求帮助。 where to go，she went to the police for help. 答案　Not knowing 4．一般来说，女性比男性更有耐心。 ，women are more patient than men. 答案　Generally speaking 5．一群人在广场上跳舞，我难以集中精力学习。 I can't focus on my study，with a group of people . 答案　dancing on the square 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $