PART Ⅰ 专题1 第2讲 题型3 词句猜测题-【金版教程】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习冲刺方案课件PPT

WELCOME UNIT PART　Ⅰ　阅读篇 专题一　阅读（四选一） 第二讲　解题必杀技 题型三　词句猜测题 词句猜测题可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断。该题型既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。即主要考查对以下几个方面的猜测：①生词；②短语；③句子；④熟词生义；⑤代词指代。15道阅读题中，通常设置1道此类题目，也有设置2道的情况。 词句猜测题的正确选项特征 1.与所猜测词句的字面意思通常无直接关联。 2.代入上下文后逻辑通顺。 3.与原句表达的核心意思最接近。 技法 目录 CONTENTS 1 强化精练 2 外刊题组精练 3 技法 技法1　构词法 构词法是通过词根、前缀、后缀等来猜测词义的方法。 [真题指路]　(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷) I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. ... My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes, students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the__offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging. 技法 25．What do the underlined words “the offender” in Paragraph 8 refer to? A．The student's parent. B．The maker of the Grandma's Box. C．The author's grandchild. D．The owner of the forbidden fruit. 解析：根据派生法可知，“­er”为后缀，当其与动词组合时，表示“做某事的人或物”。offend为动词，意为“违反；冒犯”，因此offender意为“犯规者；违反者”。结合上文中的“forbidden fruit (违禁物品)”以及下文中的“return the belonging (归还物品)”可推知，画线部分指“携带违禁物品的人”。故选D。 技法 技法2　关注定义词或标点符号 利用定义表达如同位语、定语从句或由is, or, that is (to say), in other words, be called, be known as, means等词汇，以及冒号、破折号等标点符号后的内容来推断词义。 [真题指路1]　(2025· 浙江高考1月) A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it's based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. 技法 28．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from. C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of. 解析：冒号后的内容对前文起解释说明作用，意为“让园艺更接近自然的运作方式”，说明应避免使用化肥和电动工具。结合选项可知，“Eschewing”意为“避免”。故选B。 技法 [真题指路2]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine__through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 技法 28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 解析：shine through本意指“(光线)透过，穿过”，但在本文中结合定义句“learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen”可知，纸质书通常比电子屏幕更能提升学习效果。所以画线短语所在部分指从简单的任务转向高难度任务时，纸质阅读的益处会变得显而易见。由此可推知，“shine through”在此处为熟词生义，意为“显而易见”。故选D。 技法 [真题指路3]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) In__the__wrong__hands,__such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 技法 32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill­intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 解析：画线部分后逗号衔接的内容是关键。根据后文“such a book ... into the understandable (这样一本书可能像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样难以处理，但值得庆幸的是，Campbell (坎贝尔)有20多年的专业经验，可以将深奥的理论转化为通俗易懂的语言)”可知，Campbell因能力胜任才使这本书通俗易懂。由此可推知，“In the wrong hands”指“如果由能力较差的人编写”。故选C。 技法 [真题指路4]　(2023·全国乙卷) In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non－literate societies such as these, all our first－hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation,__we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 技法 34．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Problem. B．History. C．Voice. D．Society. 解析：画线词前文“The Caribbean Taino ... back a voice.”中冒号后面的内容“a history told through things gives them back a voice (以物传史的方式让这些文明重新发声)”是关键；结合后文“we have to read not just the texts, but the objects (我们必须不仅阅读文本，更要解读物件)”可知，如果想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读物品。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。 技法 技法3　重视连接词 通过表示转折、因果、并列或选择关系的连接词来推断词义。 技法 [真题指路1]　(2024·全国甲卷) Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take__this__behavior__up__a__notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 技法 26．Which best explains the phrase “take ... up a notch” in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 解析：根据画线部分前文“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit (狗以其令人赞叹的衔回物品的习性而闻名)”和后文“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意捡拾物品，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，but表转折，说明猫的行为比狗更进一层。由此可推知，“take ... up a notch”意为“做得更出色”。故选D。 技法 [真题指路2]　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) ... Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate__to. 30．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Understand. B．Paint. C．Seize. D．Transform. 解析：前文提到“这些场景可能绘制于数百年前”，连词but表明前后语义形成对比——尽管年代久远，但它们记录的这些瞬间我们都能理解。由此可知，“relate to”意为“理解；认识到”。故选A。 技法 [真题指路3]　(2022·北京高考) ... If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn't be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum. 技法 33．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant. 解析：连词But表语义转折——前文提到“很多技术都经历过被热捧的阶段”，然后强调量子计算有某些特点使其 “especially prone to hype”，此处指“量子计算特别容易被过度炒作”。由此可推知，prone意为“易于……的”，与open (易于接受的)意思相近。故选 A。 技法 [真题指路4]　(2024·北京高考) The 18th－century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things－in－themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions.Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的)experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent__on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. 技法 29．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 解析：因果连词since表原因，其后的内容是关键。画线词所在句指出，如果经验不能揭示现实，那么推理也不能揭示现实，因为它依赖概念和词汇，而概念和词汇又由我们的社会、文化和心理历史决定。由此可推知，contingent on在此处意为“取决于”。故选B。 技法 技法4　依托常识和语境 运用生活常识和上下文语境暗示猜测词义。 [真题指路1]　(2025·全国一卷) As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health­related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal­narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 技法 26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. 解析：根据画线词下一句“The students took on ... touched my heart.”可知，学生提交的作品不仅篇幅充足，还拓展了我的视野、触动了我的心灵。从语境来看，这样的成果远超基础要求；结合“优秀作品往往令人惊喜”的常识可推知，“staggering”意为“惊人的”，与amazing意思相近。故选B。 技法 [真题指路2]　(2025·北京高考) Although my daughter didn't win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we've all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. 技法 29．What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Major achievements. B．Complex feelings. C．Significant impacts. D．Fine differences. 解析：根据语境可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况，现在要重新审视。由此可推知，“nuances”指难以分辨的“细微差别”。故选D。 技法 [真题指路3]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark__on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” 30．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate. 解析：根据前文中的“one of the first”及后文中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project”并结合语境可知，此处指Wendy Wilson (温迪·威尔逊)是最早发起这个项目的人之一。由此可推知，embark on与begin 意思相近。故选C。 技法 [真题指路4]　(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it's just normal. This hit__home__for__me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age. 技法 24．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A．Provided shelter for me. B．Became very clear to me. C．Took the pressure off me. D．Worked quite well on me. 解析：结合语境可知，作者先提出“年轻人对新媒体工具习以为常”，再通过“和孙子相处的经历”进一步印证这一现象。由此可推知，“hit home for me”指“我深刻意识到这一点”，与B项意思相近。故选B。 技法 [真题指路5]　(2022·全国甲卷) Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take__the__plunge． 技法 28．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree. C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise. 解析：前文提到Ginni (金尼)一直渴望深入探索世界，退休后终于有机会实现愿望。结合语境可知，“take the plunge”指她决定“尝试有挑战性的事(如远行)”，与A项意思相近。故选A。 技法 [真题指路6]　(2022·浙江高考) Pasta and pizza were on everyone's lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair­skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn't even name in my native language.Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language. 技法 Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the__little__girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. 技法 22．Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．An Italian teacher. B．A government official. C．The author herself. D．The author's classmate. 解析：根据第一段中的“I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class”可知，作者曾是“午餐队伍里的孩子”；而第二段中的“New immigrants much like the__little__girl in the lunch line”将新移民与“午餐队伍中的小女孩”类比。结合常识人们常以自身经历为参照类比他人可推知，“the little girl”指代作者本人。故选C。 技法 [真题指路7]　(2021·全国甲卷) Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe!__Safe!__Safe！” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. 技法 29．What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe！” probably mean? A．Be careful! B．Well done! C．No way! D．Don't worry! 解析：画线部分所在句是作者“成功完成滑板动作”后朋友们的反应；结合上文中的“Safe meant cool.(‘Safe’可表示‘棒’。)”，并结合常识人们会为他人的成功欢呼可推知，画线部分意为“干得好”，与B项意思相近。故选B。 技法 技法5　理清指代关系 通过寻找指代词的前后文来确定词义。根据就近原则，向上(或向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子，将找到的词、词组或句子代入原文，检查语义和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。 [真题指路1]　(2025·全国二卷) There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says. “They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.” 技法 26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Offering regular lessons. B．Paying extra attention. C．Assigning no schoolwork. D．Showing no sympathy. 解析：根据画线词上文“Some teachers don't give ... express sympathy instead.”和下文“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”可知，一些老师不给生病的孩子们布置作业，相反却表示同情，而孩子们则认为老师这样做是不关心他们的学业。由此可推知，Ho (霍)认为不布置作业对孩子是一种损害。因此，it 指代上文提到的Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments，即C项(不布置作业)。故选C。 技法 [真题指路2]　(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) “We need something on the books that can change people's behavior，” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand－held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.” 30．What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Advice. B．Data. C．Tests. D．Laws. 解析：根据画线词下文“If the Textalyzer ... on the cell phone.”可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。something指代“法律”。故选 D。 技法 技法6　聚焦例子 生词后可能会出现具体例子说明其含义。标志词有such as, for example, including, like等，可从例子共性中提炼核心含义。 [真题指路1]　(2023·全国甲卷) Terri Bolton is a__dab__hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 技法 24．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer. 解析：根据后文列举的例子“Skilled at ... she can do herself.(她擅长安装架子和组装家具，从不花钱让别人做她自己能做的工作。)”可知，Terri Bolton (特里·博尔顿)是一位DIY高手。由此可推知，画线短语a dab hand意为“一位专业人员”。故选C。 技法 [真题指路2]　(2022·全国乙卷) That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts. 技法 29．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones. C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure. 解析：根据后文列举的例子“including sending maintenance staff ... the rail infrastructure”可知，maintenance costs的具体内容包括“派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施”。由此可推知，maintenance指“检查和维修”，与C项意思相近。故选C。 技法 强化精练 (2025·海南省海口市琼山华侨中学高三下学期4月校内模拟考)Pet therapy, a kind of animal-assisted emotional support to those with various mental health issues, dates as far back as the 1600s. It particularly benefits children by providing company, support, and non­judgmental companionship. The animals used in pet therapy vary, with dogs and cats being the most common. Today, the services offered by pet therapy organizations are diverse. Therapeutic Paws of Canada (TPOC), a non­profit organization has been offering pet therapy for over 20 years, having gathered over 600 volunteers and their pets. 强化精练 The programs offered by TPOC require pets to have an additional certification besides the basic one for working with adults and seniors. TPOC's Vice Chair, Michele Peddle, explains that the evaluation the animals require in order to work with children is a completely different test. The cats and dogs have to be “bomb­proof”. As Peddle puts it, “The ones that can handle alarms going off, people running around, just any crazy situation: They are bomb­proof animals.” 强化精练 Peddle recalls a case where her dog, Jasmine, worked closely with a boy with severe disabilities. Peddle would bring Jasmine to this boy's school on a regular basis. In addition to the joy he experienced when seeing Jasmine, the dog's presence encouraged the boy's classmates to interact with and spend more time with him. Jasmine ended up being a lifelong source of comfort and social interaction. The boy is now a young adult and the partnership he had with Jasmine never disappeared. Peddle insists therapy animals naturally support kids, sensing their needs. She said, “You can't train it into them. They either get it or they don't.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宠物疗法的意义以及相关应用案例。 强化精练 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To explain the benefits of pet therapy. B．To introduce the topic of pet therapy. C．To describe the history of pet therapy. D．To stress the importance of pet therapy. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Pet therapy, a kind ... organizations are diverse.”可推知，第一段从宠物疗法的起源、益处、常见动物及服务多样性等方面展开，目的是引出“宠物疗法”这一话题。故选B。 强化精练 2．What does “bomb­proof” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Intelligent. B．Calm. C．Trained. D．Persistent. 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“The ones that can ... any crazy situation”可知，这些动物能够应对警报响起、人们跑来跑去等任何疯狂情况，由此可推知，它们在任何情况下都能够保持冷静。画线词意为“冷静的”，与B项意思相近。故选B。 强化精练 3．What did Jasmine help the boy with severe disabilities achieve? A．Improve physical abilities. B．Develop his interests in animals. C．Build emotional connections. D．Enhance academic performance. 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In addition to the joy ... and social interaction.”可知，Jasmine (贾丝明)不仅给男孩带来快乐，还促进了他与同学的互动，成为他一生的慰藉和社交互动来源，即帮助男孩建立了情感联系。故选C。 强化精练 4．What does Peddle think of therapy animals? A．They are highly sensitive. B．They only work for kids. C．They require special training. D．They rely on natural instincts. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Peddle insists therapy animals ... or they don't.’”可知，Peddle (佩德尔)认为治疗宠物对孩子的支持是本能的，无法通过训练获得。故选D。 强化精练 外刊题组精练 题组9　构词法·关注定义词或标点符号·重视连接词 As any mother would know, it is hard to keep your children occupied for long periods of time. Here are some creative activities at home that can improve your children's concentration and mental growth. Cut and Glue This is a fun activity that can help children develop their artistic skills. Encourage the children to cut out the predetermined shapes on the colored paper. When the cutouts are complete, let your children stick the cutouts onto the drawing paper to create artworks. 外刊题组精练 53 Sticker Fun Stickers have beneficial effects on children, helping them build motor skills and learn patience. Give your children a bunch of stickers and ask them to peel stickers off carefully without damaging the paper body. Let them stick the stickers in a book or on drawing paper to create unique artworks that can be cherished for years. Water Balloon Painting Water balloon painting is a great way to add new textures (质感) and techniques to your children's activities. Fill water balloons and tie them to prevent spillage (洒出). Provide colors on different throwaway plates and let your children dip the balloons in the color. They can dab or roll the balloons on the drawing paper to create unique artworks. 外刊题组精练 54 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了让孩子长时间保持专注的四个居家创意活动。 The Back­and­Forth Drawing Game This parent­child drawing game sparks creativity. Start with a simple sketch, then take turns adding to the drawing. The collaborative process yields surprising final artworks. 外刊题组精练 55 1．What does the underlined word “predetermined” in the “Cut and Glue” section probably mean? A．Drawn in advance. B．Colored randomly. C．Sold in stores. D．Chosen by children. 解析：词义猜测题。根据构词法可知，前缀pre­表示“事先”，根据画线词所在句“Encourage the children ... on the colored paper.”可知，孩子需要沿着某种形状剪裁，A项(事先画好的)符合语境，因此predetermined表示“事先画好的”。故选A。 外刊题组精练 56 2．What should children be careful with when doing the activity of Sticker Fun? A．Removal of the stickers. B．Uniqueness of the artwork. C．Neatness of the sticker book. D．Texture of the drawing paper. 解析：细节理解题。根据Sticker Fun部分中的“ask them to peel stickers off carefully without damaging the paper body”可知，孩子需要小心撕下贴纸，避免损坏纸张。故选A。 外刊题组精练 57 3．Which activity emphasizes interaction between children and parents? A．Sticker Fun. B．Cut and Glue. C．Water Balloon Painting. D．The Back­and­Forth Drawing Game. 解析：细节理解题。根据The Back­and­Forth Drawing Game部分中的“This parent­child drawing game”和“take turns adding to the drawing”可知，这个游戏是家长和孩子轮流在一幅画上添加内容，是一个协作的过程。由此可知，该活动强调孩子和父母之间的互动。故选D。 外刊题组精练 58 In leadership, self­identity matters: seeing oneself as a leader is key to becoming one, while resisting this identity can hold capable people back. Studies with 1，700＋ participants found that the more people fear leadership's reputational risks, the less they identify as leaders. These fears include worrying about seeming domineering, different, or unqualified. 外刊题组精练 59 Many participants expressed concern about being seen as autocratic (专横的), bossy or domineering if they were to take on a leadership role. As one interviewee put it, “I wouldn't want to seem pushy, or that I take advantage of weak people. I wouldn't want to seem cold.” Interestingly, while much has been written on the use of negative words like “bossy” to describe female leaders, we found that in our students, men and women were both afraid of coming across in this manner. 外刊题组精练 60 The second common concern was that acting as a leader would result in being singled out and receiving too much attention for being different from others even if that attention was positive. One participant explained, “I don't want to be looked up to. I am comfortable leading, but at the same time I want to be on the same level as everyone else.” Many people worry that if they become leaders, they will have to sacrifice their sense of belonging within the group. 外刊题组精练 61 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人们因害怕被贴上“专横”的标签，而拒绝认同领导身份的现象，并指出这种心理障碍对个人发展的影响。 Many participants feared being seen as unfit for leadership by others, regardless of self­perceived qualifications. As one noted, “People associate leadership with typical images, making me uneasy. I worry I won't be taken seriously if I pursue a leadership role in my field.” 外刊题组精练 62 1．What does the underlined word “domineering” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Eat the bread of idleness. B．Not consider others' opinions. C．Physically hit other employers. D．Take advantage of weak people. 解析：词义猜测题。第二段中“domineering”与“autocratic (专横的)”“bossy”并列，均描述领导中“独断专行、不考虑他人意见”的特质。B项(不考虑他人意见)符合语境。故选B。 外刊题组精练 63 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Fear of seeming domineering only fits with female leadership. B．Both male and female worry about being seen as bossy. C．Leaders should not care about what others think of them. D．Female leaders are often described in negative words. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Interestingly, while much ... in this manner.”可知，虽然很多言论用负面词汇描述女性领导，但在研究对象中，男性和女性都担心被视为专横。故选B。 外刊题组精练 64 3．What is people's concern about being different? A．Getting less attention from others. B．Being talked about by others. C．Being on the same level as others. D．Lacking sense of belonging to a team. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作为领导者会被区别对待，许多人担心，如果他们成为领导者，他们将不得不牺牲他们在团队中的归属感。故选D。 外刊题组精练 65 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To explain what is reputational fears. B．To encourage people to be leaders. C．To complain about the leaders in our life. D．To explain people's reluctance to be leaders. 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要探讨了人们不愿将自己视为领导者的原因。故选D。 外刊题组精练 66 Corn was of great importance in Maya culture, a subject that has become central to Genner Llanes Ortiz's research. Around ten years ago, the anthropologist Llanes Ortiz observed the prevalence of corn festivals in Mexico and noted that the Maya tradition of praying for cornfields had expanded into large­scale communal prayers at these events.By studying the Maya's relationship to corn, he hopes to gain insight into how they handle their cultural heritage, how they pass on their culture, and what it means for them today. 外刊题组精练 67 Corn has a rich tradition in the cuisine of Latin America. It originated from a Mexican type of grass, from which the Maya cultivated corn 8，000 to 14，000 years ago. Biologists have already reconstructed how they turned this weed into an edible (可食用的) plant, but how corn then spread in South and North America is still a mystery. Llanes is fascinated by it． Archaeologists have mainly concerned themselves with the classical Maya heritage. The history of the native peoples received little attention, partly because so few records were kept. But that there's no written history doesn't mean that nothing was passed on. That did happen, in the form of drawings, plays and images. 外刊题组精练 68 Though ancient Maya cities lie in deserted ruins, the Maya people and their culture endure. Some six million Maya continue passing down their stories, and Llanes has noted cultural revival signs: young Maya are highlighting their identity on social media and sharing Maya cultural knowledge. He grabs his phone, scrolling for his Maya Spotify playlist. “Hiphop's huge with young Maya—its oral traditions mirror ancestors，” he says. Mixing modern rap with ancient Maya texts, his office fills with beats. “They even rap about corn，” he smiles, noting how old­young dialogue rivals ancient stories in fascination. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类学家Llanes Ortiz (利亚内斯·奥尔蒂斯)以玉米为切入点对玛雅文化进行研究，揭示了玛雅文化的传承、现状及复兴迹象。 外刊题组精练 69 1．What is probably the purpose of Llanes' study? A．To introduce the origin of corn to the public. B．To attach importance to the role of corn. C．To collect more information on Mexico. D．To find the way the Maya culture was inherited. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“By studying the Maya's relationship ... for them today.”可知，Llanes研究玉米与玛雅人的关系，目的是了解他们如何处理文化遗产、传承文化以及文化对当下的意义，也就是探寻玛雅文化的传承方式。故选D。 外刊题组精练 70 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The way of cultivating corn. B．The number of dishes using corn. C．The mystery of the spread of corn. D．The origin of a type of Mexican grass. 解析：指代判断题。根据画线词所在句前面的“how corn then spread in South and North America is still a mystery”可知，“it”指代前一句中的“mystery”，即玉米在南北美洲是如何传播的这一谜题。故选C。 外刊题组精练 71 3．The history of the Maya people received little attention because ________． A．the classical Maya heritage is more attractive B．their history is only written in the form of images C．only young Maya fix their attention on their identity D．the books on their history were intentionally destroyed 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Archaeologists have mainly concerned themselves ... because so few records were kept.”可知，考古学家更关注古典玛雅遗产，所以本土民族(玛雅人)的历史受到很少关注，是因为古典玛雅遗产更有吸引力。故选A。 外刊题组精练 72 4．How do the young Maya people get their culture handed down? A．They restore their memories by machines. B．They share their culture on social media. C．They write books in the Maya language. D．They pick up hiphop on mobile phones. 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“young Maya are ... sharing Maya cultural knowledge”可知，年轻的玛雅人在社交媒体上分享玛雅文化知识，以此来传承文化。故选B。 外刊题组精练 73 题组10　依托常识和语境·理清指代关系·聚焦例子 When my med school mentor rejected my Ph.D. recommendation, calling my sensitivity a flaw, her words planted self­doubt. Though crushing, that rejection revealed sensitivity as my strength, shaping how I tackle daily challenges. After six grueling years in medical school, during which my mental health, unnoticed by others or myself, steadily worsened, I embarked on a Ph.D. abroad, driven by a desire to merge medicine and research. This journey, marked by firsts—leaving family, boarding a plane, facing academic unknowns—proved too much to handle. Anxiety gripped me, as tasks others handled easily became daunting. 外刊题组精练 74 The stress, escalating until I reached a breaking point, forced me to switch labs and, in my second Ph.D. year, seek a psychiatrist, who diagnosed smell disorder. Others urged toughness. I hid my struggles, pretending to be fine. Treatment brought some balance. In October 2023, conflict in Israel, where I studied, with sirens blaring, led me to Serbia. Feeling unsafe as a special person, I soon left for Denmark to restart my Ph.D. Denmark offered freedom. New strategies, like photographing experiments, eased stress. Feedback no longer felt like attacks. Medication and open communication with supervisors helped. These steps made my path sustainable. 外刊题组精练 75 Though my mentor's criticism still nags at times, I've reclaimed sensitivity as a superpower. It fuels my kindness as a future doctor, driving research to help patients. This trait, honed by my chronic illness, reminds me that medicine needs both science and heart. Academic pressure tests sensitive souls, but my struggles taught me to honor boundaries and emotions, fueling resilience. This journey proves sensitivity isn't a flaw—it deepens my healing vocation. 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在医学和科研道路上的经历，围绕“敏感性”这一特质展开，展现了其从被否定到被认可的转变过程，以及作者在这一过程中的成长与感悟。 外刊题组精练 76 1．What does the underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Exciting. B．Overwhelming. C．Boring. D．Interesting. 解析：词义猜测题。前文“This journey, marked by ... Anxiety gripped me”提到作者因出国读博面临诸多“第一次”(离开家人、坐飞机、未知的学术领域)，感到承受不住，十分焦虑，与“tasks others handled easily (别人轻松处理的任务)”形成对比，说明这些任务对作者来说是难以应对的。由此可知，daunting指令人难以应对，与overwhelming (压倒性的)语义相近。故选B。 外刊题组精练 77 2．Why did the author switch labs and seek a psychiatrist during their Ph.D.? A．He wanted to explore different research fields. B．The stress became unmanageable and led to a mental health diagnosis. C．He were dissatisfied with his supervisor. D．He needed a break from academic work. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The stress, escalating until ... who diagnosed smell disorder.”可知，压力升级至崩溃点，导致作者更换实验室并寻求精神科医生帮助，医生诊断出了问题，由此可知，作者换实验室和看精神科医生是因为压力难以承受并出现了心理健康问题。故选B。 外刊题组精练 78 3．How did Denmark help the author continue their Ph.D.? A．By providing financial support. B．By offering a safer environment and new coping strategies. C．By introducing him to a new mentor. D．By eliminating academic pressure. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Denmark offered freedom. New strategies ... eased stress.”可知，丹麦提供了安全的环境(对比以色列的冲突)和新的应对策略(如拍照记录实验)，使研究可持续。故选B。 外刊题组精练 79 4．Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A．Sensitivity is a weakness that hinders academic progress. B．The author's journey proves that sensitivity can be a source of strength in medicine. C．Academic pressure in Ph.D. programs is too harsh for sensitive individuals. D．Moving to Denmark was the key to overcoming mental health challenges. 解析：主旨大意题。全文以作者的经历为主线，讲述导师对其“敏感”的否定，以及后续通过挣扎和治疗，认识到“敏感”并非缺陷，而是成为未来医生的优势，B项(作者的经历证明了敏感可以成为医学力量的源泉。)概括文章主旨。故选B。 外刊题组精练 80 If you accidentally stub your toe on a doorframe, your reaction might range from yelling in pain or cursing to uttering specific exclamations like “ouch” or “ow”， depending on how severe the pain is. Linguist Ponsonnet and her team searched 131 world languages for interjections expressing pain, disgust, and joy, covering diverse language families. A study in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America shows many languages have pain interjections—ai­ya in Chinese, aïe in French, yakayi in some Australian dialects. Researchers found the [a] sound dominates non-linguistic pain vocalizations, often subconscious cries. 外刊题组精练 81 In fact, these interjections resembled (像) one another in different languages more than they resembled other words of the same language. This__effect—which did not hold true for interjections expressing joy or disgust—was driven by one category of vowels [a], which often combines with other letters to create sounds such as “ai” and “ow”． To test if pain interjection similarities come from involuntary primitive sounds, Ponsonnet and Pisanski had 166 multilingual speakers make emotion sounds. In this experiment, the team discovered that vocalizations for each emotion across the five languages shared similar vowel sounds: [e] (“uh”) for disgust, [i] (“ee”) for joy, and the familiar [a] for pain. 外刊题组精练 82 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。语言学家通过跨语言研究揭示了表达疼痛的感叹词在不同语言中呈现高度相似性，这种共性源于生物学本能，而表达喜悦或厌恶的词汇则因文化差异更多样。 Pisanski notes global similarity in disgust or joy vocalizations, but more diverse interjections—due to more cultural layers than pain. “Pain is pain, I think, no matter where you're from，” she says. “It's a biological experience.” 外刊题组精练 83 1．What is the main focus of the study conducted by Ponsonnet? A．The cultural dimensions of pain, disgust and joy. B．The certain interjections in different languages. C．The evolution of vocal communication in mammals. D．The biological experience of pain in different cultures. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Ponsonnet (庞索尼)研究的核心是探索不同语言中表达疼痛、厌恶和快乐的感叹词是否存在共性，即不同语言中的某些感叹词。故选B。 外刊题组精练 84 2．What does the underlined section “This effect” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Pain interjections are more alike across languages. B．Joy and disgust are more similar across languages. C．Emotional sounds are similar in the same language. D．Pain interjections are more alike in the same language. 解析：指代判断题。根据第三段中的“In fact, these ... the same language.”可知，不同语言中的疼痛感叹词彼此更相似，甚于它们与同一语言中其他词汇的相似性。因此，This effect指代的是“跨语言的疼痛感叹词更为相似”这一现象。故选A。 外刊题组精练 85 3．What can be inferred from Pisanski's statement in the last paragraph? A．Pain is the only emotion that has a biological basis. B．The expression of pain is more varied than that of joy or disgust. C．Pain is a universal experience that crosses cultural differences. D．The interjections for pain are more complex than those for other emotions. 解析：推理判断题。Pisanski在最后一段提到“Pain is pain ... It's a biological experience.”，强调疼痛是超越文化的普遍生理体验，由此可推知，疼痛是一种跨越文化差异的普遍体验。故选C。 外刊题组精练 86 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Comparing the expressions of emotions in different cultures. B．Exploring the reasons of similar pain­related interjections. C．Analyzing the role of vowels in forming emotional words. D．Studying cultural differences in expressing disgust and joy. 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了语言学家研究不同语言中疼痛感叹词的相似性及其背后的原因。B项(探索与疼痛相关的相似感叹词的原因)概括文章主旨。故选B。 外刊题组精练 87 Recall the visions of the future? From jet packs to artificial intelligence, depictions of tomorrow once dominated our collective imagination. Recently, however, young people have become fixated on looking backward. Supercharged by social media, nostalgia (怀旧) seems to attract Generation Z consumers so much. However, this doesn't mean throwing it back is a cheat__code for marketing success with Generation Z. Brands must understand what their audience is looking for in a nostalgia play and then work out how to feed this appetite. 外刊题组精练 88 So what's behind this nostalgia explosion? Having grown up online, where any trend from any era is instantly accessible and social media platforms deliver an unending stream of memories, this generation is hardwired (与生俱来的) for nostalgia. We see this reflected in the big cultural hits of recent years—TV shows and the music of Olivia Rodrigo—where strongly nostalgic elements inspire wild fandom. Nostalgia works best when paired with hype culture. Gen Z's craving for shared experiences makes nostalgic launches that blend hype effectively, as they tap into ingrained memories of both old and new customers. 外刊题组精练 89 But Gen Z is about more than online hype and being digitally native. Gen Zers want transparency, authenticity, and honesty from their brands. Leaning into nostalgia can help convey this, and when it comes to awakening memories, nothing beats the physical experience. Brands with the vision to bring nostalgia into physical spaces can create an even deeper connection with this audience. Nostalgia remains a key marketing tool, online or offline. To use it effectively, brands must be bold yet subtle, culturally aware yet authentic. Above all, they need to understand their audience—failure to do so will drive customers away. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍并分析了目前一些品牌商家为了迎合Z世代年轻人的需求，采取各种“怀旧营销”策略的现象，并对此给出了一些评价和建议。 外刊题组精练 90 1．Which is closest in meaning to “cheat code” in Paragraph 2? A．The secret to success. B．A way of cheating. C．A fake password. D．A wrong number. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Supercharged by ... so much.”可知，画线部分前的this指“‘怀旧’似乎十分吸引Z世代消费者”这一事实；结合后文“Brands must understand what their audience is looking for (品牌必须理解受众需求)”可推知，此处表示“怀旧营销”不是成功的秘诀。cheat code此处比喻“成功秘诀”。故选A。 外刊题组精练 91 2．Why does nostalgia become so popular with the young generation? A．This generation are born with the love for the Internet. B．Young children are deeply influenced by the adults. C．There are numerous old TV shows and music works. D．Online information about the past is easily accessed. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Having grown up ... for nostalgia.”可知，Z世代成长于网络环境，任何时代的潮流都可即时获取，且社交媒体平台不断推送回忆，这是他们热衷怀旧的主要原因。故选D。 外刊题组精练 92 3．Which of the following is the most effective way to use nostalgia? A．TV advertisements. B．Online hype. C．Physical experience. D．Existing customers. 解析：细节理解题。第五段中的“when it comes to ... with this audience”提到，Z世代重视真实体验，而唤醒记忆的最佳方式是实体体验，品牌若将怀旧融入线下空间，能建立更深连接。故选C。 外刊题组精练 93 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Value of memories about the past times. B．Reasons why nostalgia becomes so popular. C．Characteristics of the Generation Z consumers. D．Suggestions on promoting business with nostalgia. 解析：主旨大意题。全文围绕“品牌如何利用怀旧营销吸引Z世代”展开，第二段指出需理解受众需求，第三、四段分析怀旧流行原因，第五、六段强调真实体验和品牌策略。核心是提出利用怀旧促进商业的建议，D项(用怀旧推广业务的建议。)概括文章主旨。故选D。 外刊题组精练 94 R $