第08期二轮专题 专题06 段落大意题和文章大意题-2026届新高三英语提分培优通关练

第07期 二轮复习微专题 专题06 阅读理解说明文段落大意题和文章大意题 解析版 技能专区：洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货，培优补弱助手 高考真题说明文考点解读 2022-2026高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 典型题 2026浙江1月卷C 349+93 人与社会 人们难以识别虚假评价原因及对策 30推理判断题 2026浙江1月卷D 315+111 人与自然 AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 35推理判断题 2025全国一卷D 331+135 人与自然 减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 32写作手法题 2024新课标I卷D 364+122 人与自然 引导公民们科学记录生物多样性 35建议推断题 2024浙江1月卷C 320+142 人与自然 人工降雨公司推出“冰雹计划”研究 28推理判断题 2024浙江1月卷D 338+149 人与社会 棉花糖测试抵制精神“垃圾食品”诱惑 35标题概括题 2023新课标I卷C 322+107 人与社会 倡导人们过数字极简主义生活方式 29猜测词义题 2023新课标I卷D 338+112 人与社会 介绍“群体智慧”效应的原理以及应用 31推理判断题 2023浙江1月卷C 314+132 人与社会 介绍在辩论中战胜人类的软件程序 27文章大意题 2023浙江1月卷D 318+149 人与自然 新型太阳能农场能够促进农业发展 35标题概括题 2022浙江6月卷B 306+105 人与自我 介绍世界各地“小森林”的兴起情况 25意图推断题 2022浙江6月卷C 302+144 人与自然 研究表明适度的工作会带来成果 29意图推断题 2022浙江1月卷B 354+112 人与自我 介绍一位自营宠物运输方面专家 22猜测词义题 2022浙江1月卷C 284+99 人与社会 讲述蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系 26文体推断题 阅读微技能11：段落大意题 1.命题形式 常见命题形式：What is Paragraph X mainly about? 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? (2025全国二卷) 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? (2024新课标I卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 第一步：结合题干定位到相应段落。 第二步：寻找段落主题句。解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。 第三步：留意段落大意题干扰项四大特点：①过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围②以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容③移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上④主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。 第四步：确定段落关键词。段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。 4.跟踪训练 (2025全国二卷D篇片段) … It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. … 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词paragraph 5。 第二步：根据关键词定位到文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 阅读微技能12：文章大意题 1.设题方式 ①What is the text mainly about? ③What is the passage mainly about? 2.记叙文主旨大意题 ①看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 ③借助主题词或关键词归纳 3.说明文和议论文主旨大意题 ①看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 ②借助主题词或关键词归纳 4.文章大意题错误选项典型错误 ①“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； ②“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； ③“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 5.文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 6.文章大意题思维导图 7.跟踪训练 （2022全国甲卷）As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation. 30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 28-31 ACCA 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。 28. A。词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。 29. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。 30. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。 31. A。主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71 has had a deep love for travel.(今年71岁的吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。由此可知，A childhood dream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。 清北生实战经验反馈区 一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、态度推断题注重“原文定位”和“观点区分”，弄清来龙去脉再判断。 三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 七、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 第一部分：段落大意题专练8篇 01（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Ms. McIntyre, 38, worked as a publisher. She suffered brain cancer and her health got worse despite some medical treatment. But she realized that in a way, she was luckier than some other people. She had insurance to help pay for her medical care. But Ms. McIntyre and her husband, Mr. Gregory, knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay. Though her health was failing, Ms. McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could. The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt, which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others. The group can pay off medical bills for about 100 times less money than they cost. In other words, for every 100 donated, the group can pay off 10,000 in unpaid medical bills. Unfortunately, Ms. McIntyre passed away before long. Mr. Gregory posted a message for Ms. McIntyre on her social media accounts. “If you’re reading this, I have passed away,” the post began. Then the post explained, “To celebrate my life, I’ve arranged to buy up others’ medical debts and then destroy the debts.” The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose. They had hoped to raise about $20,000. Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By November 22, 2023, Ms. McIntyre’s web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in medical debts. Mr. Gregory planned a special event in December to celebrate Ms. McIntyre’s life and to announce how many millions of dollars of medical debts her efforts had paid for. 1. Why did Ms. McIntyre feel luckier than some other people? A. The doctors eventually cured her. B. Her disease didn’t become worse. C. She had medical insurance. D. She had a decent job before being ill. 2. How did Ms. McIntyre and her husband help others? A. By paying for their daily debts. B. By giving away money to them. C. By purchasing medical insurance for them. D. By ridding them of debts from treatments. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The couple’s anticipation. B. The public involvement. C. The operation of a website. D. The increase of medical debts. 4. Which of the following words can best describe Ms. McIntyre? A. Influential and understanding. B. Humorous and elegant. C. Cautious and promising. D. Enthusiastic and adaptable. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了身患绝症的出版商McIntyre女士与其丈夫捐赠善款，通过RIP医疗债务组织帮助他人清偿巨额医疗账单的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But she realized that in a way, she was luckier than some other people. She had insurance to help pay for her medical care. (但她意识到，在某种程度上，她比其他人更幸运。她有保险来帮助支付医疗费用)”可知，McIntyre女士觉得自己比其他一些人要幸运得多，因为她有医疗保险。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Though her health was failing, Ms. McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could. The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt, which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others. (尽管健康状况越来越差，McIntyre女士还是决定帮助尽可能多的人偿还医疗债务。这对夫妇开始向一个名为“终结医疗债务”的组织捐款，该组织致力于帮助他人偿还未付的医疗债务)”可知，McIntyre夫妇通过帮助他人摆脱治疗产生的债务来提供援助。故选D。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. (然而，McIntyre女士的最后一条帖子引起了广泛关注。她网页上的捐款迅速超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网站筹集的资金是预期的10倍，捐款还在不断涌入)”可知，该段主要讲述了公众积极参与捐款的情况。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“But Ms. McIntyre and her husband, Mr. Gregory, knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay. (但McIntyre女士和她的丈夫Gregory先生知道，许多癌症患者因为医疗费用面临艰难抉择，最终欠下远超其偿还能力的债务)”可知，McIntyre女士体谅他人困境，十分善解人意；再根据第四段她的帖子引发公众广泛响应，筹集到巨额捐款可知，她极具影响力。由此推知，A选项“Influential and understanding(有影响力和理解他人的)”最能描述她。故选A。 02（25-26高三上·山东青岛·期中）It was probably five years ago when I was asked to work with a young comedian called Chris. At that time, he came up with this fun idea of a fictional character called Duncan. When I met ‘Duncan’ for the first time, he was wearing a Heart of Midlothian shirt — the team I never supported. He then started eating a packet of crisps right next to me, which is one of my pet hates. He was a complete disappointment to me and I knew immediately that we were going to have some fun. Before the performance, he handed me the lines, I said I couldn’t say half the things as they were too mean. He convinced me it was fine and I went with it, and honestly, it was so funny. I struggled to keep a straight face. It went viral (迅速走红). He was approached by the Edinburgh Festival Fringe — way beyond my comfort zone. But I was so comfortable with Chris by this point, I agreed to do it. I never knew what Chris was going to do onstage. I just had to go along with it, and then I’d tell funny tennis stories when he went offstage to get ready. Making people laugh gave me the greatest pleasure. I thought back to sitting in the audience many times before and I couldn’t believe that I was up there onstage. For many years, my life was just tennis and it was so lovely to go into someone else’s world. Before I partnered with Chris, my sons started winning big in tennis, which made us famous. I had a hard time from the media, seen as the pushy mum, overbearing and never smiling. The fact is not so. Being in the tennis players’ box is not fun. It’s really stressful and there’s a reason why I wasn’t smiling. When I meet people in everyday life now, they point out that I’m always smiling. It’s really nice that people see that side of me. 1. What’s the author’s first impression of Duncan? A. Annoying. B. Polite. C. Talented. D. Funny. 2. What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Growth in different careers. B. Struggle during performances. C. An embarrassing experience in theater. D. An unexpected journey on comedy stage. 3. What’s the author’s attitude to this experience? A. Discouraged. B. Regretful. C. Relieved. D. Grateful. 4. Which of the following might be the best title of the text? A. The Price of Viral Fame B. A New Stage Beyond Tennis C. The Intense Pressure on Stage D. Courtside Tears of a Tennis Mum 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者从网球领域跨界到喜剧舞台的经历，不仅收获了快乐，也让人们看到了她不同的一面。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When I met ‘Duncan’ for the first time, he was wearing a Heart of Midlothian shirt — the team I never supported. He then started eating a packet of crisps right next to me, which is one of my pet hates.(当我第一次见到‘Duncan’时，他穿着Heart of Midlothian队的球衣——那是我从不支持的球队。然后他开始在我旁边吃一包薯片，这是我最讨厌的事情之一。)”可知，作者对Duncan的第一印象是令人讨厌的。故选A。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Before the performance, he handed me the lines, I said I couldn’t say half the things as they were too mean.(演出前，他把台词递给我，我说有一半内容我没法说因为太刻薄了。)”以及“I thought back to sitting in the audience many times before and I couldn’t believe that I was up there onstage. For many years, my life was just tennis and it was so lovely to go into someone else’s world.(我回想起以前多次坐在观众席的样子，不敢相信自己如今站在了舞台上。多年来，我的生活只有网球，能进入另一个人的世界真是太好了。)”可知，这段主要讲述了作者意外开启的喜剧舞台之旅。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Making people laugh gave me the greatest pleasure.(让人们笑给了我最大的快乐。)”以及第四段中“It’s really nice that people see that side of me.(人们能看到我的这一面真的很好。)”可知，作者对这段经历是心怀感激的。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“It was probably five years ago when I was asked to work with a young comedian called Chris.(大概是五年前，我受邀和一位名叫Chris的年轻喜剧演员合作。)”以及第三段中“For many years, my life was just tennis and it was so lovely to go into someone else’s world.(多年来，我的生活只有网球，能进入另一个人的世界真是太好了。)”可知，文章核心是作者跳出网球领域，开启喜剧舞台的新经历。故选B。 03（25-26高三上·重庆·月考）Four days after Hurricane Ida made landfall, the New Orleans meteorologist (气象学家) Margaret Orr took a break after twelve hours on the air to reply to her fans on Twitter. Orr has been reporting the weather for forty-two years. Someone asked why the sun always shines before a storm. “To remind us that the sun will shine again,” she replied, adding a heart emoji. “The real reason? Because you’ve often got high pressure right over you, and it’s hot. The high moves off to the east and pushes the system our way.” Many of her workmates were sleeping at the station, but Orr preferred to go home, where she had running water but no electricity. She could handle not having an air-conditioner. Not having Internet, though, was a hardship. She said, “I couldn’t check my social media until I got to work, which was annoying.” In the days leading up to Ida, people contacted Orr through Twitter to get individualized, practical advice. Orr tried to respond to everyone. This dedication earned her, great respect from the residents. Orr has always been fascinated by weather. In 1965, when she was twelve years old, the wind from Hurricane Betsy blew the roof off her family’s house in New Orleans. She remembers going outside and standing in the eye of the storm. “I looked up and saw the sky and saw the stars,” she said. “Bad weather happens everywhere,” she said. “Every now and then, on Twitter, you’ll see people saying, why do you live there? Well, I live here because it’s my home. This is where I grew up. This is the place I love.” She went on, “After Hurricane Katrina, I thought, could I live anywhere else? And I decided, no, I couldn’t.” She added, “As my daughter said about New Orleans when she was a little girl, ‘I even love the dirt.’” 1. What kind of person is Orr according to paragraph 1? A. Hardworking and serious. B. Curious and committed. C. Professional and inspiring. D. Knowledgeable and brave. 2. Why was Orr respected by the residents? A. She overcame tough living conditions. B. She devoted herself to helping others. C. She had many contacts on the Internet. D. She returned home after the hurricane. 3. Why as Orr’s experience in 1965 mentioned? A. To indicate the absence of rescue efforts. B. To highlight the power of natural disasters. C. To stress the necessity of weather forecasting. D. To show weather conditions’ attraction to her. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Orr’s connection with home. B. Orr’s knowledge of weather. C. Orr’s optimism about life. D. Orr’s love for her daughter. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍气象学家玛格丽特・奥尔坚守岗位、心系民众及热爱家乡的故事。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Orr has been reporting the weather for forty-two years. Someone asked why the sun always shines before a storm. “To remind us that the sun will shine again,” she replied, adding a heart emoji. “The real reason? Because you’ve often got high pressure right over you, and it’s hot. The high moves off to the east and pushes the system our way.” (奥尔已经播报了42年的天气。有人问为什么暴风雨前总是阳光明媚。“提醒我们阳光总会再次照耀，”她补充了一个爱心表情符号回答道。“真正的原因？因为你所处的位置通常会有高压笼罩，天气炎热。高压向东移动，将风暴系统推向我们这边。) ”可知，奥尔既给出了富有感染力的暖心回答，又解释了专业的气象原理，体现出她专业且鼓舞人心的特质。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the days leading up to Ida, people contacted Orr through Twitter to get individualized, practical advice. Orr tried to respond to everyone. This dedication earned her great respect from the residents. (在飓风艾达来临前的日子里，人们通过推特联系奥尔，寻求个性化的实用建议。奥尔努力回复每一个人。这份奉献精神为她赢得了居民们的高度尊重。) ”可知，奥尔因尽心尽力帮助他人而受到居民尊重。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Orr has always been fascinated by weather. In 1965, when she was twelve years old, the wind from Hurricane Betsy blew the roof off her family’s house in New Orleans .(奥尔一直对天气非常着迷。1965年，12岁的她遭遇了飓风贝琪，飓风掀翻了她家在新奥尔良的屋顶。) ”可知，提及这段经历是为了说明天气状况对她的吸引力。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的““Every now and then, on Twitter, you’ll see people saying, why do you live there? Well, I live here because it’s my home. This is where I grew up. This is the place I love.” “After Hurricane Katrina, I thought, could I live anywhere else? And I decided, no, I couldn’t.” (“时不时地，在推特上，你会看到人们说，你为什么住在那里？嗯，我住在这里是因为这是我的家。这是我长大的地方。这是我热爱的故土。”“卡特里娜飓风过后，我曾想，我还能住到别的地方去吗？然后我确定，不能。”)”可知，该段主要讲述奥尔与家乡之间深厚的羁绊。故选A项。 04（25-26高三上·河北·月考）Mark Levine, a 77-year-old American professor, has spent nearly twenty years living and working in China. On teaching days, he leaves his apartment in Beijing’s Haidian District before sunrise and travels over thirty kilometers to Minzu University’s Fengtai campus. Although he moves slowly, he maintains an active schedule, balancing his work as a teacher, writer, and musician. Levine often explains that these roles help him stay connected to the society he regards as home. His interest in China began while he was working for a U.S. labor organization dedicated to improving conditions for low-income workers. As a sociologist, he examined how different countries addressed social inequality and was particularly impressed by China’s progress. Later, a job offer from a college in Huai’an convinced him to take a decisive step and begin a new chapter. He still remembers his first evening in Huai’an, when the streets were crowded with bicycles, a scene that signaled how different his new environment would be. Over the years, he traveled to every provincial-level region in China and delivered lectures at more than eighty universities. In 2007, Levine moved to Beijing. His small apartment is filled with plants, guitars, books about China, and souvenirs from his travels — items that record the life he has built on his own. Although his family lives far away, he insists that he does not feel lonely, largely because of the friendships he has formed with colleagues, neighbors, and students. A key moment in his life came when he met Fu Han, a piano teacher who later became his musical partner. Hoping to present a more complete picture of China to the world, they began writing songs together. A spring festival he spent with her family in rural Hubei left him particularly moved and inspired one of his songs about the warmth he experienced there. In 2016, Levine received Chinese permanent residence, which strengthened his sense of belonging. Today, well known in his neighborhood, he is often greeted by children who call him “Grandpa Santa.” 1. Why did Levine move to China at first? A. To take up a post. B. To further his study. C. To find a well-paid job. D. To explore a college. 2. How does Levine mainly keep loneliness away while living far from his family? A. By writing songs about home. B. By traveling to various places. C. By occupying himself in work. D. By building social connections. 3. What does Levine’s cooperation with Fu Han imply? A. It encouraged him to pursue music full time. B. It pushed him to learn traditional instruments. C. It helped him become an established performer. D. It allowed him to share local stories effectively. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A sociologist’s fight for workers. B. A foreigner’s life rooted in China. C. A foreign teacher’s route to fame. D. A professor’s music achievements. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 【导语】这篇文章是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了77岁的美国教授马克·莱文在中国近二十年的生活与工作经历，展现了一位外国人在中国扎根并找到归属感的生活历程。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Later, a job offer from a college in Huai’an convinced him to take a decisive step and begin a new chapter. (后来，淮安一所大学的工作邀请让他迈出了决定性的一步，开启人生新篇章。)”可知，这位教授最初决定来中国是因为获得了一份大学的工作邀请。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Although his family lives far away, he insists that he does not feel lonely, largely because of the friendships he has formed with colleagues, neighbors, and students. (尽管家人远在大洋彼岸，但他坚持表示自己并不孤单，这主要得益于他与同事、邻居和学生建立的友谊。)”可知，他远离家人却不感到孤独的主要原因是建立了广泛的社交关系来摆脱孤独。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Hoping to present a more complete picture of China to the world, they began writing songs together. (为了向世界展现更全面的中国，他们开始一起创作歌曲。)”可推知，他与Fu Han的合作旨在通过音乐有效分享中国本土的故事与见闻。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。文章从这位教授来华缘由、工作教学、日常生活、社交关系、音乐创作及获得永久居留权等多个方面，全面描述了他如何在中国扎根、融入并找到归属感的过程，核心主题是一位外国人在中国深入生活的故事。故选B项。 05（2026·陕西渭南·一模）Each year, more than 1.2 billion cellphones are produced globally. The production of electronic devices not only is energy-intensive but also consumes valuable natural resources. Additionally, the manufacturing and delivery processes emit a significant amount of CO2, into the atmosphere. Meanwhile, devices are aging faster than ever — users replace their still-functional cellphones on average every 2 to 3 years. At best, old devices are recycled; at worst, they end up in landfills. Although the most sustainable solution would be to change consumer behavior and consider more carefully whether the old one needs to be replaced, this is easier said than done. Therefore, alternative solutions are needed — such as giving old devices an entirely new purpose. This is precisely the approach tested by researchers Huber Flores and Yin Zhigang from the University of Tartu, along with their international colleagues. “Innovation often begins not with something new, but with a new way of thinking about the old, reimagining its role in shaping the future,” explained Flores. They demonstrated that old cellphones can be successfully repurposed into tiny data centers capable of storing and efficiently processing data. They also found that building such a data center costs just around €8. In the project’s first stage, the researchers removed the phones’ batteries and replaced them with external power sources to reduce the risk of chemical leakage into the environment. Then, four phones were connected together, fitted with 3D-printed casings (壳) and holders, and transformed into a working prototype (原型) ready to be reused, fostering sustainable practices for old electronics. The prototype was then successfully tested underwater, where it participated in marine life monitoring by helping to count different marine species. Normally, these kinds of tasks require a professional diver to record videos and bring them to the surface for analysis. But with the prototype, the whole process can be done automatically underwater. These tiny data centers could also be used in urban environments like bus stops to collect real-time data on the number of passengers, which could then be used to optimize public transportation networks. Sustainability is not just about preserving the future; it's about reimagining the present, where yesterday’s devices become tomorrow’s opportunities. 1. What are the environmental concerns associated with cellphone production? A. Causing water and soil pollution. B. High cost and technical complexity. C. Short lifespan and low recycling rates. D. High energy use and carbon emissions. 2. What is the main benefit of the cellphone-repurposing project? A. It fixes the battery leakage problem. B. It discourages buying fewer phones. C. It makes phone production greener. D. It reduces e-waste and saves resources. 3. What’s paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Evaluating the project’s commercial value. B. Describing the building and testing process. C. Explaining the prototype’s working principle. D. Highlighting the researcher's personal efforts. 4. What can be inferred about reusing old cellphones as data centers? A. Automatic data processing is available. B. Software innovation is the main change. C. Old devices can give new functional roles. D. Data centers will replace recycling systems. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍手机生产的环境问题及研究人员将旧手机改造成微型数据中心的环保解决方案。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The production of electronic devices not only is energy-intensive but also consumes valuable natural resources. Additionally, the manufacturing and delivery processes emit a significant amount of CO₂ into the atmosphere (电子设备的生产不仅能源密集，还会消耗宝贵的自然资源。此外，制造和运输过程会向大气中排放大量二氧化碳)”可知，手机生产相关的环境问题是高能耗和碳排放。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Therefore, alternative solutions are needed — such as giving old devices an entirely new purpose (因此，需要替代解决方案——比如为旧设备赋予全新用途)”以及第三段“This is precisely the approach tested by researchers Huber Flores and Yin Zhigang from the University of Tartu, along with their international colleagues. “Innovation often begins not with something new, but with a new way of thinking about the old, reimagining its role in shaping the future,” explained Flores. They demonstrated that old cellphones can be successfully repurposed into tiny data centers capable of storing and efficiently processing data. They also found that building such a data center costs just around €8.(这正是塔尔图大学的研究员休伯・弗洛雷斯、尹志刚及其国际同事所验证的方法。弗洛雷斯解释道：“创新往往并非始于全新的事物，而是源于用全新的视角看待旧物，重新构想其在塑造未来过程中所扮演的角色。” 他们证实，旧手机完全可以被成功改造为微型数据中心，这类数据中心能够存储并高效处理数据。研究人员还发现，搭建这样一个数据中心的成本仅需约 8 欧元)”内容可知，旧手机改造项目的核心是给旧手机新功能，减少电子垃圾，同时节省制造新设备的资源。因此其主要益处是减少电子垃圾并节约资源。故选D项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“In the project’s first stage, the researchers removed the phones’ batteries and replaced them with external power sources to reduce the risk of chemical leakage into the environment. Then, four phones were connected together, fitted with 3D-printed casings (壳) and holders, and transformed into a working prototype (原型) ready to be reused, fostering sustainable practices for old electronics. The prototype was then successfully tested underwater, where it participated in marine life monitoring by helping to count different marine species. Normally, these kinds of tasks require a professional diver to record videos and bring them to the surface for analysis. But with the prototype, the whole process can be done automatically underwater. (在该项目的第一阶段，研究人员拆除了手机内置电池，换用外接电源供电，以此降低化学物质泄漏污染环境的风险。随后，他们将四部手机连接在一起，为其装配上 3D 打印的外壳与支架，把这些手机改造成了一台可投入使用的原型机，为旧电子产品的可持续化利用开辟了路径。这台原型机之后在水下环境中测试成功，它参与了海洋生物监测工作，协助统计不同海洋物种的数量。通常情况下，这类任务需要专业潜水员下水拍摄视频，再将视频带回水面进行分析。但借助这台原型机，整个流程都能在水下自动完成。)”可知，该段主要描述旧手机改造为原型机的建造和测试过程。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They demonstrated that old cellphones can be successfully repurposed into tiny data centers capable of storing and efficiently processing data (他们证明旧手机可以成功改造成能够存储和高效处理数据的微型数据中心)”以及后文的水下监测、公交站数据收集等用途可知，将旧手机改造成数据中心可以让旧设备拥有全新的功能角色。故选C项。 06（2025高三上·陕西西安·专题练习）Los Angeles native Randall Bartlett sat under the rooftop of a traditional Chinese scholar’s studio, occasionally turning a page of his book. The scene was in the reopened Liu Fang Yuan at the Huntington Library，Art Museum and Botanical Gardens. For him, the garden brings to life the Chinese philosophies he learned from books. Phillip E. Bloom, director of the Center for East Asian Garden Studies, said the idea for Liu Fang Yuan goes back to the 1980s with the initial aim of creating a collection of Chinese plants, but after research, they realized plants alone were not sufficient to demonstrate the essence of a Chinese garden. Eventually, it was decided to model a garden on 16th and 17th century scholarly retreats (隐居处) in Suzhou. The decision was made partly due to the fame of Suzhou classical gardens, but also because similarities were found between the Huntington and Suzhou gardens. Bloom said that Henry Huntington, founder of the Huntington Library, was a successful US businessman who used his fortune to collect rare books, artworks and to create gardens. “Many Suzhou gardens were also created by rich people who tried to pursue a scholarly lifestyle,” he added. To preserve the character of the Suzhou gardens, the Huntington Library sought help from Suzhou, giving rise to collaboration between US and Chinese architects, contractor and designers. In all stages of construction, artisans (工匠) from Suzhou came to work on details of the venue. After three years of expansion from 2018 to 2020, Liu Fang Yuan reopened to the public with 4.6 hectares of new landscape, making it one of the largest classical-style Chinese gardens in the world. The additions include courtyards displaying bonsai, a scholar’s studio, a pavilion (亭子) situated at the garden’s highest point, etc. Now, it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden. “A lot of volunteers come to different lectures and exhibitions about Chinese culture that we hold regularly,” Bloom said. By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries. 1. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The introduction to the founder of the garden. B. The fame of Suzhou classical gardens. C. The features of a scholarly lifestyle. D. The reasons for modeling a Suzhou garden. 2. What does the underlined word “collaboration” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Negotiation. B. Cooperation. C. Inspiration. D. Contradiction. 3. Why did Bloom mention local people’s interactions with the garden? A. To show its cultural significance. B. To detail its architectural features. C. To promote its diverse activities. D. To boost its international fame. 4. What do we know about Liu Fang Yuan? A. It used to be a scholarly retreat in Suzhou. B. It was constructed by Suzhou artisans alone. C. It became the largest garden after being expanded. D. It promotes cultural exchanges between America and China. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于亨廷顿图书馆、艺术博物馆和植物园的流芳园，包括其建造原因、扩建情况以及文化意义等。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The decision was made partly due to the fame of Suzhou classical gardens, but also because similarities were found between the Huntington and Suzhou gardens. Bloom said that Henry Huntington, founder of the Huntington Library, was a successful US businessman who used his fortune to collect rare books, artworks and to create gardens. “Many Suzhou gardens were also created by rich people who tried to pursue a scholarly lifestyle,” he added.(做出这个决定，部分是因为苏州古典园林的名气，但也因为在亨廷顿和苏州园林之间发现了相似之处。布鲁姆说，亨廷顿图书馆的创始人亨利·亨廷顿是一位成功的美国商人，他用他的财富收集珍本书籍、艺术品和建造花园。他补充说：“许多苏州园林也是由富人建造的，他们试图追求一种学术的生活方式。”)”可知，本段主要阐述了决定仿建苏州园林的两个原因：一是苏州园林的声誉，二是两个园林创建背景的相似性。故选D项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“To preserve the character of the Suzhou gardens, the Huntington Library sought help from Suzhou, giving rise to collaboration between US and Chinese architects, contractor and designers.(为了保持苏州园林的特色，亨廷顿图书馆向苏州寻求帮助，从而促成了中美建筑师、承包商和设计师之间的collaboration)”以及后文“In all stages of construction, artisans (工匠) from Suzhou came to work on details of the venue.(在建设的各个阶段，苏州的工匠们都来参与场地的细节工作)”可知，中美建筑师、承包商和设计师之间是合作的关系，故collaboration意为“合作”，与cooperation同义。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now, it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden. “A lot of volunteers come to different lectures and exhibitions about Chinese culture that we hold regularly,” Bloom said. By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.(现在，看到当地社区的人们如何与花园互动是很有意义的。布鲁姆说：“很多志愿者会来参加我们定期举办的各种关于中国文化的讲座和展览。”通过让游客接触艺术和文学，流芳园跨越了国际界限，弥合了两国之间的文化差距)”可知，布鲁姆提到当地人与花园的互动，是为了说明流芳园作为文化场所，已经成功吸引了当地社区，并起到了连接中西方文化、促进跨文化交流的作用，即突出了其文化意义。故选A项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.(通过让游客接触艺术和文学，流芳园跨越了国际界限，弥合了两国之间的文化差距)”可知，流芳园促进了中美之间的文化交流，故选D项。 07（25-26高三上·河北石家庄·期中）Heads of governments, senior policymakers and CEOs of tech companies have always gathered to discuss how to tackle the risks of advanced AI technologies. However, there is one group that has been entirely missing from these decision-making processes relating to AI’s design, development and application, and it is the one most affected by advances in AI: children. When the importance of bringing children into these conversations is raised, it is often with reference to the familiar idea that “children are the future”. That’s something I fundamentally disagree with. If we value children because we view them as the future, we are seeing their worth only in terms of their potential, or what they might contribute in years to come. We focus on educating them so they’re equipped to work with AI in the future or solve the problems previous generations hand down, rather than facilitating their involvement in processes to address those problems today. Children aren’t the future. Children are the here and now. In relation to AI, children of all ages already experience it on a daily basis. Babies play with smart toys, young children with smart devices, and AI on social media filters (过滤) the information that teenagers access. In primary and middle schools, AI is used to personalize materials or tailor learning pathways. There are huge opportunities to use AI in positive ways, creating new, playful, fun experiences for children, and supporting them in education through assistive technologies, for example. But there are also significant risks and as yet unknown impacts. Want to get this right? Put children at the heart of decision-making. Usually, problems occur because systems haven’t been designed with children’s needs and interests kept in mind, or assumptions are made based on adults’ experiences and perceptions — no adult today has first-hand experience of being a child in a world with AI. To fully understand children’s experiences with these technologies, or what impacts they might be having, we must involve children themselves and listen to their voice. 1. What problem is stated in paragraph 1? A. The urgency of addressing AI risks. B. The imbalance in AI decision- making. C. Children’s absence from talks about AI. D. AI technologies’ ill effects on children. 2. Why does the author disapprove of the popular idea about children? A. It overstates their potential. B. It ignores their present value. C. It centers too much on them. D. It fails to match educational goals. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The general application of AI. B. The availability of AI to all the children. C. The frequency of daily AI use. D. The interaction between children and AI. 4. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To call for action. B. To explain a problem. C. To generate discussion. D. To give a warning. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出儿童在AI相关决策中缺席的问题，反对将儿童仅视为“未来”的观点，强调儿童当下受AI影响，呼吁将其置于AI决策核心。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Heads of governments, senior policymakers and CEOs of tech companies have always gathered to discuss how to tackle the risks of advanced AI technologies. However, there is one group that has been entirely missing from these decision-making processes relating to AI’s design, development and application, and it is the one most affected by advances in AI: children.(各国政府首脑、高级政策制定者以及科技公司的首席执行官们一直会聚在一起，共同探讨如何应对先进人工智能技术所带来的风险。然而，在与人工智能的设计、开发及应用相关的决策过程中，有一个群体却完全缺席了，那就是受到人工智能进步影响最大的群体——儿童)”可知，第一段中所提到的问题是孩子们在关于人工智能的讨论中缺席。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“That’s something I fundamentally disagree with. If we value children because we view them as the future, we are seeing their worth only in terms of their potential, or what they might contribute in years to come. We focus on educating them so they’re equipped to work with AI in the future or solve the problems previous generations hand down, rather than facilitating their involvement in processes to address those problems today. Children aren’t the future. Children are the here and now.(这一点我从根本上无法认同。如果我们因为将儿童视作未来而重视他们，那我们看到的就只是他们的潜力，或是他们在未来可能做出的贡献。我们注重教育儿童，是为了让他们能在未来驾驭人工智能、解决上一代人遗留的问题，而非推动他们参与到当下解决这些问题的进程中。儿童不是未来，儿童就在此时此刻)”可知，作者不赞同关于儿童的这种普遍观点是因为它忽视了儿童的当下价值。故选B。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“In relation to AI, children of all ages already experience it on a daily basis. Babies play with smart toys, young children with smart devices, and AI on social media filters (过滤) the information that teenagers access. In primary and middle schools, AI is used to personalize materials or tailor learning pathways.(就人工智能而言，各个年龄段的孩子每天都在接触它。婴儿会玩智能玩具，幼儿会使用智能设备，而社交媒体上的人工智能则会筛选青少年获取的信息。在小学和中学，人工智能被用于个性化教学材料或定制学习路径)”可知，第三段主要讲的是儿童与人工智能之间的互动。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Want to get this right? Put children at the heart of decision-making. Usually, problems occur because systems haven’t been designed with children’s needs and interests kept in mind, or assumptions are made based on adults’ experiences and perceptions — no adult today has first-hand experience of being a child in a world with AI. To fully understand children’s experiences with these technologies, or what impacts they might be having, we must involve children themselves and listen to their voice.(想要做到这一点吗？要把孩子放在决策的核心位置。通常，问题之所以会出现，是因为系统的设计没有考虑到孩子的需求和兴趣，或者我们的假设是基于成年人的经验和看法做出的——如今没有哪位成年人有过作为孩子在拥有人工智能的世界中的亲身经历。要全面了解孩子们对这些技术的体验，或者它们可能产生的影响，我们必须让孩子们自己参与进来，并倾听他们的声音)”可推知，最后一段的目的是呼吁采取行动。故选A。 08（25-26高二上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期中）It was obvious with Pinocchio. Every time he told a lie his nose grew longer. But for the rest of us in real life, the result of telling lies isn’t so evident. Is it possible that there are unseen consequences to dishonesty? Since lies are carried by speech, and speech originates in the brain, is it possible that telling lies results in changes in the brain that are not outwardly observable? Psychologists Julia Lee and Ashley Hardin wanted to find out. Drs. Lee and Hardin set up a series of studies to explore the question of dishonesty, with 250 pairs of individuals. In each pair, one was assigned (分派) the task of either lying or telling the truth. The other member of the pair was instructed to evaluate the emotions of the lying or truth-telling partner. Each of the partners was then assigned the task of evaluating the emotions of the other partner. The research found that subjects who were asked to be dishonest were significantly worse at detecting the emotional state of their partners than those who told the truth. Surprisingly, the small, seemingly unimportant moments of dishonesty clouded an individual’s ability to read the emotions of another individual later on. To determine how well the participants could read other people’s emotions, the researchers then had the subjects watch a series of short video clips. In the clips, actors expressed a wide range of emotions in their facial expressions, voices, and body languages. The participants were then asked to identify the emotional state of the actors. Once again, across all the experimental studies, the researchers consistently found that those who were tempted to, and likely did lie, ended up performing worse on the test of empathetic accuracy than those who didn’t lie. We live in a world where businesses, social life, and personal relationships depend on the ability of individuals to interact well with other people. And to interact with them we often need to be able to determine their emotions. As most of us learned in kindergarten: it’s important to tell the truth! 1. What is the aim of the studies? A. To explore the motive for lying. B. To explain the Pinocchio Effect. C. To test if lying causes brain changes. D. To teach people how to detect lies. 2. What does the underlined word “clouded” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Improved. B. Cleared. C. Monitored. D. Weakened. 3. What were the participants asked to do in the studies? A. To learn body languages. B. To make faces. C. To identify different emotions. D. To rate others’ performances. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The application of the study. B. The necessity of being honest. C. The complexity of social interaction. D. The reasons for telling lies. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学家Julia Lee和Ashley Hardin通过一系列研究来探索不诚实行为是否会导致大脑发生变化，并阐述了研究的发现以及诚实的重要性。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Since lies are carried by speech, and speech originates in the brain, is it possible that telling lies results in changes in the brain that are not outwardly observable? Psychologists Julia Lee and Ashley Hardin wanted to find out. (既然谎言是通过言语传递的，而言语又起源于大脑，那么说谎是否可能会导致大脑发生无法从外部观察到的变化？心理学家Julia Lee和Ashley Hardin想要找出答案)”和第三段中“Drs. Lee and Hardin set up a series of studies to explore the question of dishonesty, with 250 pairs of individuals. (Lee博士和Hardin博士设计了一系列关于诚信问题的研究，共邀请了250组参与者)”可知，研究的目的是测试说谎是否会导致大脑发生变化。故选C项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The research found that subjects who were asked to be dishonest were significantly worse at detecting the emotional state of their partners than those who told the truth.(研究发现，被要求说谎的受试者，在辨识同伴情绪状态方面的表现远逊于诚实者)”可知，不诚实会削弱一个人后来读取另一个人情绪的能力。故划线词所在句“Surprisingly, the small, seemingly unimportant moments of dishonesty clouded an individual’s ability to read the emotions of another individual later on.(令人惊讶的是，那些看似微不足道的不诚实行为，竟会clouded个体后续解读他人情绪的能力)”中“clouded”意为“削弱，弱化”，与D项“Weakened”意思相近。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“To determine how well the participants could read other people’s emotions, the researchers then had the subjects watch a series of short video clips. In the clips, actors expressed a wide range of emotions in their facial expressions, voices, and body languages. The participants were then asked to identify the emotional state of the actors.(为了确定参与者能多好地读懂他人的情绪，研究人员让受试者观看一系列短片。在视频中，演员们通过面部表情、声音和肢体语言表达了广泛的情绪。然后要求参与者识别演员的情绪状态)”可知，参与者被要求识别不同的情绪。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“We live in a world where businesses, social life, and personal relationships depend on the ability of individuals to interact well with other people. And to interact with them we often need to be able to determine their emotions. As most of us learned in kindergarten: it’s important to tell the truth!(我们生活在一个商业、社交和个人关系都依赖于个人与他人良好互动能力的世界。为了与他们互动，我们常常需要能够判断他们的情绪。正如我们大多数人在幼儿园学到的那样：说真话很重要!)”可知，最后一段主要讲了诚实的必要性。故选B项。 第二部分：文章大意题专练8篇 01（2026·浙江·一模）According to a recent study by the University of Michigan, using substances to aid sleep has become a common habit among young adults aged 19 to 30. The data shows that nearly 22% of Americans in this group have used medical analgesics (止痛剂) or alcohol to help themselves fall asleep. Medical analgesics are used much more frequently than alcohol for this specific purpose. While many young people turn to these methods hoping for a quick fix to their tiredness, researchers are raising serious alarms about the potential consequences. Experts warn that relying on drugs for sleep can backfire significantly. Megan Patrick, a research professor involved in the study, points out that these substances may interfere with the ability to stay asleep and reduce the overall quality of rest. Long-term use is particularly dangerous. Instead of curing insomnia (失眠), it may lead to worse sleep problems. Regular use can cause the body to develop “tolerance,” meaning a person needs to consume more of the substance to get the same effect. This pattern creates a vicious (凶险的) cycle of increasing use and worsening health. Furthermore, the study highlights notable differences in usage based on gender and race. Women are almost twice as likely as men to use medical analgesics to help them sleep. Additionally, Black young adults are three times more likely than white young adults to use alcohol as a sleep aid. These findings suggest that specific groups may be at higher risk and need targeted attention to prevent the development of a substance use disorder. There is also a dangerous misconception among young adults. Many believe that using medical analgesics or alcohol is helpful for sleep problems. However, evidence suggests that this belief is false. Doing so can actually make sleep problems even worse over time. Since high-quality sleep is critical for mental health and mood regulation, relying on harmful substances can severely damage a young person’s well-being. Finally, because sleep problems and substance use often happen together, health care providers should be alert. Doctors are advised to screen for both issues and offer coordinated support when necessary. Young adults who are trying to manage sleep problems should talk to their doctors instead of self-medicating. They need to understand the potential risks and seek professional help to find safer treatments that do not involve dangerous substances. 1. Why does the author mention “tolerance” in Paragraph 2? A. To explain a side effect. B. To introduce a new drug. C. To prove the benefit of analgesics. D. To compare alcohol with drugs. 2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Men are less likely to use drugs. B. White adults prefer alcohol most. C. Gender affects choice of sleep aids. D. Women suffer more from sleeplessness. 3. What is a common misunderstanding among young adults? A. Sleep problems are rare to see. B. Doctors ignore their health issues. C. Substances improve sleep quality. D. Analgesics are good for mental health. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A survey on sleep aids. B. The harm of alcohol use. C. Ways to cure insomnia. D. Mental health of youth. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了密歇根大学一项研究表明年轻成年人用药物或酒精助眠，存在诸多危害及误解等情况 。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Regular use can cause the body to develop ‘tolerance,’ meaning a person needs to consume more of the substance to get the same effect. This pattern creates a vicious (凶险的) cycle of increasing use and worsening health.(经常使用会导致身体产生“耐受性”，这意味着一个人需要摄入更多的物质才能获得同样的效果。这种模式形成了一个使用量增加和健康恶化的恶性循环)”可知，作者提到“tolerance”是为了解释长期使用助眠物质带来的副作用。故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Women are almost twice as likely as men to use medical analgesics to help them sleep. Additionally, Black young adults are three times more likely than white young adults to use alcohol as a sleep aid.(女性使用医用止痛药帮助睡眠的可能性几乎是男性的两倍。此外，黑人年轻人使用酒精作为助眠剂的可能性是白人年轻人的三倍)”可知，性别会影响助眠方式的选择。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Many believe that using medical analgesics or alcohol is helpful for sleep problems. However, evidence suggests that this belief is false. Doing so can actually make sleep problems even worse over time.(许多人认为使用医用止痛药或酒精有助于解决睡眠问题。然而，有证据表明这种想法是错误的。这样做实际上会使睡眠问题随着时间的推移变得更糟)”可知，年轻人常见的误解是认为药物或酒精能改善睡眠质量。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“According to a recent study by the University of Michigan, using substances to aid sleep has become a common habit among young adults aged 19 to 30.(根据密歇根大学最近的一项研究，使用物质助眠已成为19至30岁年轻人中的常见习惯)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要围绕一项关于年轻人使用助眠物质的调查展开，介绍了使用情况、危害、误解等方面。A项“关于助眠剂的调查”最能概括全文内容。故选A。 02（25-26高三上·浙江杭州·月考）Much has been discussed about how modern lifestyles lead to insufficient sleep, unlike our ancestors who lived in simpler times. However, an analysis of 54 global sleep studies reveals that individuals in small, non-industrial societies actually sleep less than those in more industrialized regions. “Everyone I speak to in Canada and the US complains about poor sleep,” says Leela McKinnon from the University of Toronto Mississauga. “But the data doesn’t support that.” It is commonly believed that the rise of devices like smartphones has resulted in reduced sleep — often referred to as a sleep-loss epidemic. Yet, many studies reporting a decline in sleep duration rely on self-reported data, which is an unreliable measure. Research using more reliable methods, such as activity monitors or brainwave tracking, has not indicated a decrease in sleep over recent decades. For instance, a 2023 review of 168 studies found no significant drop in sleep duration over the past 50 years. However, these studies primarily focused on industrialized nations, leaving the question of whether sleep patterns were different before industrialization unanswered. The availability of wrist-based activity monitors made it easier to study sleep in non-industrial societies. Such studies have revealed short sleep durations. For instance, among hunter-gatherers, the San peoples in southern Africa sleep for 6.7 hours a night on average. McKinnon and her colleague David Samson, also from the University of Toronto Mississauga, have participated in several relevant studies. They compared sleep habits in industrialized nations — like the US and Australia — with those in smaller, non-industrial communities, including local groups in the Amazon, Madagascar, and Tanna Island in the Pacific. Their analysis, the most comprehensive to date, involved direct measurements of sleep in 866 participants aged 18 and older with no serious health issues. They discovered that individuals in non-industrial societies averaged 6.4 hours of sleep, while those in industrial societies averaged 7.1 hours. Additionally, people in non-industrial societies were asleep for 74% of their time in bed, compared to 88% in industrialized areas, a concept known as sleep efficiency. Samson believes that people in industrialized societies sleep longer and better because their environment is more suitable for sleep. “We see that we’ve made some real gains in the safety and security of our sleep sites,” he says, “We no longer need to worry about rival groups or predators at night.” 1. What does Leela McKinnon think of sleep complaints? A. They are overstated by people. B. They are supported by data. C. They are unique to Canada. D. They are caused by smartphones. 2. How did the researchers conduct their research on people’s sleep habits? A. By collecting sleep data of different age groups. B. By interviewing participants about their sleep routines. C. By analyzing health problems of sleep-deficient people. D. By comparing sleep conditions of different societies. 3. Why do people in industrial societies sleep better? A. They sleep less but feel better. B. Their sleep technology is advanced. C. They are more used to short sleep. D. Their sleep environments are safer. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Research challenges beliefs about sleep. B. Technology greatly reduces sleep time. C. Industrialization worsens sleep quality. D. Non-industrial societies sleep better. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕一项研究展开，该研究表明，非工业社会的群体（如狩猎采集者）实际睡眠时间比工业化社会更短，且睡眠效率更低；研究反驳了“现代生活方式导致普遍睡眠不足”的流行观点，并指出工业化社会的安全环境可能促进了更长的睡眠时间。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中““Everyone I speak to in  Canada and the US complains about poor sleep,” says Leela McKinnon from  the University of Toronto Mississauga. “But the data doesn’t support  that.”(“在加拿大和美国，我遇到的每个人都在抱怨睡眠质量差，”多伦多大学密西沙加校区的莉拉・麦金农说，“但数据并不支持这种说法。”)”及“Yet, many studies reporting a decline in sleep duration rely on self-reported data, which is an unreliable measure. (然而，许多声称睡眠时间下降的研究都依赖自我报告的数据，这种测量方式并不可靠)”可推断，她认为人们对睡眠问题的抱怨言过其实。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“They compared sleep habits in industrialized nations — like the US and Australia — with those in smaller, non-industrial communities, including local groups in the Amazon, Madagascar, and Tanna Island in the Pacific. Their analysis, the most comprehensive to date, involved direct measurements of sleep in 866 participants aged 18 and older with no serious health issues. They discovered that individuals in non-industrial societies averaged 6.4 hours of sleep, while those in industrial societies averaged 7.1 hours. Additionally, people in non-industrial societies were asleep for 74% of their time in bed, compared to 88% in industrialized areas, a concept known as sleep efficiency. (他们对比了工业化国家（如美国、澳大利亚）与小型非工业化社群（包括亚马逊、马达加斯加以及太平洋塔纳岛的本地群体）的睡眠习惯。他们的分析是迄今为止最全面的一项，研究对象为866名18岁及以上、无严重健康问题的参与者，并对他们的睡眠情况进行了直接测量。研究发现，非工业化社会人群的平均睡眠时间为6.4小时，而工业化社会人群的平均睡眠时间为7.1小时。此外，非工业化社会人群的睡眠效率（即卧床时间中用于睡眠的比例）为74%，而工业化地区人群的睡眠效率则达到88%)”可知，研究人员对比了工业化国家和非工业化小型社群的睡眠习惯，还对866名参与者的睡眠情况进行了直接测量。由此可知，研究的核心方法是对比不同社会的睡眠状况。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Samson believes that people  in industrialized societies sleep longer and better because their  environment is more suitable for sleep. “We see that we’ve made some  real gains in the safety and security of our sleep sites,” he says, “We  no longer need to worry about rival groups or predators at night.”(萨姆森认为，工业化社会人群睡得更久、质量更高，是因为他们的睡眠环境更适宜睡眠。“我们发现，人类睡眠环境的安全性已经有了实质性的提升，”他说，“我们再也不用担心夜晚会遭遇敌对群体或捕食者的侵袭了。”)”可知，工业化社会的人们睡得更好是因为他们的睡眠环境更安全。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Much has been discussed about how modern lifestyles lead to insufficient sleep, unlike our ancestors who lived in simpler times. However, an analysis of 54 global sleep studies reveals that individuals in small, non-industrial societies actually sleep less than those in more industrialized regions. (关于现代生活方式如何导致睡眠不足的讨论已有很多，这与我们生活在更简单年代的祖先们截然不同。然而，一项涵盖54项全球睡眠研究的分析表明，小型非工业化社会人群的睡眠时间，实际上比工业化程度更高地区的人群要短)”以及通读全文可知，全文围绕一项研究展开，大众普遍认为现代工业化生活方式导致睡眠不足，非工业化社会人群睡眠更好，但研究却发现非工业化社会人群睡眠时长更短、睡眠效率更低，这一结论挑战了人们对睡眠的固有认知。因此，A选项“Research challenges beliefs about sleep. (研究挑战了人们对睡眠的看法)”最符合文章主旨。故选A。 03（25-26高三上·江苏南通·期中）The age of pre-sorting mixed plastic waste may soon be over. The secret weapon is a cheap catalyst (催化剂) targeting the most problematic plastic. The findings are detailed in a study published in the journal Nature Chemistry. Even after decades of worldwide efforts, recycling plastic remains much easier said than done. The frustrating reality is largely thanks to polyolefins (聚烯烃). Humans make about 220 million tons of polyolefin-based products every year, most of which are single-use items like milk bottles, trash bags, and juice boxes. However, less than 10 percent of polyolefin products are recycled annually, resulting in mountains of waste destined for landfills or being burnt. That’s because while other plastics are typically broken down with catalysts, breaking down polyolefin is difficult due to its tough carbon-carbon molecular bonds (分子键). “Polyolefins don’t have any weak links. Every bond is incredibly strong and chemically unreactive,” said Yosi Kratish, a chemist at Northwestern University. Meanwhile, burning polyolefins requires temperatures as high as 700℃. “Everything can be burned, of course,” said Kratish. “But we wanted to find an elegant way to add the minimum amount of energy to obtain the maximum value product.” A potential solution combining hydrogen gas and a catalyst can deconstruct polyolefin plastic into useful hydrocarbons, but the process also involves high temperatures and expensive catalysts. But Kratish’s team found a workaround. Unlike rare metals, engineers discovered that an alternative called cationic nickel (阳离子镍) is cheap and easy to collect. Other nickel-based catalysts include multiple reaction sites. Cationic nickel’s single-site variant allows it to function more like a precise sharp knife. Instead of breaking down all of a plastic’s structure, this option specifically targets those carbon-carbon bonds at a much lower temperature and with half the hydrogen gas pressure. “That is amazing. It’s definitely not something anybody expected” Kratish said. If proven to be scalable (可规模化) and efficient, the new catalyst could largely cut down the need for plastic pre-sorting while also reducing the amount of microplastics released into the environment every day. 1. Recycling polyolefin remains difficult due to its ________. A. industrial value B. practical application C. chemical structure D. environmental impact 2. What does “an elegant way” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Combining hydrogen gas with cationic nickel. B. Deconstructing polyolefins into hydrocarbons. C. Burning polyolefins at a high temperature. D. Breaking down all of a plastic’s structure. 3. What is the advantage of cationic nickel over other catalysts? A. It avoids many steps of processing. B. It operates effectively at a lower cost. C. It breaks down all types of plastic. D. It produces higher quality end products. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. The challenge of recycling polyolefins. B. The process of breaking carbon bonds. C. A basic theory of applying catalysts. D. A new method of recycling polyolefins. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了聚烯烃塑料因化学结构坚固难以回收，多被填埋或焚烧。美国团队研发出廉价的阳离子镍催化剂，可低温高效分解其碳-碳键，有望终结塑料预分类，减少微塑料污染。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“That’s because while other plastics are typically broken down with catalysts, breaking down polyolefin is difficult due to its tough carbon-carbon molecular bonds (分子键).(这是因为，其他塑料通常可以通过催化剂分解，而聚烯烃的分解却很困难，因为其碳-碳分子键非常坚固)”可知，由于聚烯烃的化学结构原因，对其进行回收处理仍然存在困难。故选C。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段提到“potential solution combining hydrogen gas and a catalyst”（氢气+催化剂的潜在解决方案），但传统方案需高温和昂贵催化剂；第五段紧接着介绍Kratish团队的突破——使用廉价的阳离子镍作为催化剂。“an elegant way”指“以最低能量获得最大价值产品的方法”，即“氢气+阳离子镍”的组合，既解决传统方案的弊端，又实现高效分解。故划线词指的是“将氢气与阳离子态的镍相结合”故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Unlike rare metals, engineers discovered that an alternative called cationic nickel (阳离子镍) is cheap and easy to collect. Other nickel-based catalysts include multiple reaction sites. Cationic nickel’s single-site variant allows it to function more like a precise sharp knife. Instead of breaking down all of a plastic’s structure, this option specifically targets those carbon-carbon bonds at a much lower temperature and with half the hydrogen gas pressure.(与稀有金属不同，工程师们发现一种名为“阳离子镍”的替代品价格低廉且易于获取。其他基于镍的催化剂具有多个反应位点。阳离子镍的单位型变体使其更像是一把精准锋利的刀。它不会破坏塑料的整个结构，而是专门针对那些碳-碳键，且在更低的温度下操作，氢气压力也仅为常规方法的一半)”可知，与其他催化剂相比，阳离子镍成本更低，运行效果却更佳。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The age of pre-sorting mixed plastic waste may soon be over. The secret weapon is a cheap catalyst (催化剂) targeting the most problematic plastic. The findings are detailed in a study published in the journal Nature Chemistry.(对混合塑料废弃物进行预先分类的时代或许即将结束。其关键在于一种廉价的催化剂，它专门针对那些最难处理的塑料。相关研究结果发表在《自然化学》杂志上)”结合文章开篇点明“混合塑料预分类时代或终结，核心是针对难回收塑料的廉价催化剂”，随后围绕聚烯烃回收难题展开，重点介绍 Kratish 团队研发的“阳离子镍催化剂”这一新方法，包括其优势和应用前景。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是一种回收聚烯烃的新方法。故选D。 04（25-26高三上·江苏徐州·月考）When Sarah, a book lover logged into her neighborhood’s AI-powered app, she never expected an algorithm (算法) to spark a lifelong friendship. The app, which analyzes residents’ hobbies and interaction patterns, suggested she connect with Mike, a fellow poetry enthusiast who lived just three blocks away — yet they’d never crossed paths in five years of living nearby. Their first offline encounter at a local cafe led to a monthly neighborhood book club, now a cornerstone of community life. AI is evolving into a powerful driver for fostering inclusive social connections within communities. In daily life, by using data analysis to understand residents’ interests and contact patterns, algorithms can form specific interest-based communities — from gardening groups to hiking clubs. For instance, neighbors living in suburban areas of the United States exchange professional knowledge through online platforms, which in turn helps organize offline activities such as seed-swapping events and joint community garden projects. However, hidden risks may arise from the popularity of AI use in daily life. As social technology expert Dr. Lisa Chen points out, the digital gap leaves elderly people who don’t know how to use smart devices out of community information and social activities. Smart monitoring and data collection also cause privacy worries, as community platforms often share data with third parties without permission. Worse still, algorithms focusing on bad events may increase distrust in communities and stop natural engagement. Experts advocate that communities ought to bridge the digital divide through AI literacy initiatives, safeguard data privacy via well-defined frameworks, and adjust algorithmic conduct based on moral standards. Ultimately, the core value of AI lies in complementing rather than replacing human connections. It is only by integrating technological efficiency with human warmth that we can promote more harmonious communities. 1. What can we learn about AI app from Sarah’s story? A. It redefined interaction patterns. B. It directly launched a book club. C. It greatly aroused social exclusion. D. It enhanced Sarah’s literacy innovation. 2. Which best explains “inclusive social connections” in communities? A. Residents’ interests are known to all. B. All jobs are done on online platforms. C. AI focuses on professional skill-sharing. D. Neighbors interact more online and offline. 3. What solutions may be effective for AI’s risks? A. Allowing data sharing with third parties. B. Letting AI evolve freely to ensure efficiency. C. Helping people, especially the elderly, use AI. D. Banning AI in activities to prevent privacy issues. 4. What’s the passage mainly about? A. AI facilitates diverse interest-based communities. B. AI both fosters connections and brings potential risks. C. Experts raise practical proposals to address AI issues. D. The digital gap threatens elderly people’s participation. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍人工智能能助力社区构建兴趣社交圈、促进邻里互动，但同时也存在数字鸿沟、隐私泄露等隐患，以及对应的解决办法。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The app, which analyzes residents’ hobbies and interaction patterns, suggested she connect with Mike, a fellow poetry enthusiast who lived just three blocks away — yet they’d never crossed paths in five years of living nearby. Their first offline encounter at a local cafe led to a monthly neighborhood book club, now a cornerstone of community life. (这款应用会分析居民的爱好和互动模式，它建议萨拉和迈克建立联系，迈克是一名诗歌爱好者，就住在三个街区之外——然而在附近住了五年，他们却从未谋面。他们在当地一家咖啡馆的首次线下见面，促成了每月一次的社区读书俱乐部，如今这已是社区生活的重要支柱。)”可知，这款人工智能应用打破了萨拉和迈克原本毫无交集的状态，促成了新的社交联结，重新定义了邻里的互动模式。故选A项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“In daily life, by using data analysis to understand residents’ interests and contact patterns, algorithms can form specific interest-based communities — from gardening groups to hiking clubs. For instance, neighbors living in suburban areas of the United States exchange professional knowledge through online platforms, which in turn helps organize offline activities such as seed-swapping events and joint community garden projects. (在日常生活中，算法通过数据分析了解居民的兴趣和联系模式，能够组建起特定的兴趣社群——从园艺小组到徒步俱乐部不一而足。例如，美国郊区的邻居们通过线上平台交流专业知识，进而协助组织线下活动，如种子交换活动和联合社区花园项目。)”可知，“inclusive social connections”指的是人工智能促成的邻里之间线上线下多方面的互动交流。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Experts advocate that communities ought to bridge the digital divide through AI literacy initiatives, safeguard data privacy via well-defined frameworks, and adjust algorithmic conduct based on moral standards. (专家主张，社区应当通过人工智能知识普及项目来弥合数字鸿沟，借助明确的框架保障数据隐私，并依据道德标准调整算法行为。)”可知，针对人工智能的风险，有效的解决办法包括帮助人们尤其是老年人掌握使用人工智能的相关技能，跨越数字鸿沟。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“AI is evolving into a powerful driver for fostering inclusive social connections within communities. (人工智能正逐渐成为促进社区内包容性社交联系的强大驱动力。)”以及第三段中的“However, hidden risks may arise from the popularity of AI use in daily life. (然而，人工智能在日常生活中的普及也可能引发潜在风险。)”可知，文章主要论述了人工智能在促进社区社交联结的同时，也带来了相应的隐患。故选B项。 05（2025·内蒙古乌兰察布·模拟预测）From ChatGPT crafting emails, to AI systems recommending TV shows and even helping diagnose disease, the presence of machine intelligence in everyday life is no longer science fiction. Despite the promises of speed, accuracy, and convenience, we still feel doubtful about AI tools. This distrust is less about the technology’s capabilities and more about the fundamental workings of the human mind. Human beings are more likely to trust systems they understand. Traditional tools feel familiar: You turn a key, and a car starts. You press a button, and a lift arrives. But many AI systems operate as black boxes: You type something in, and a decision appears. The logic in between is hidden. Psychologically, this is worrying. We like to see cause and effect, and we like being able to question decisions. When we can’t, we feel disempowered. One curious finding from behavioral science is that we are often more forgiving of human error than machine error. When a human makes a mistake, we understand it because we know humans are imperfect. But when an AI tool makes a mistake, it causes discomfort and loss of trust. We trust machines which are objective or data-driven to be logical and impartial. So when they fail, such as misclassifying an image, delivering biased outputs, or recommending something wildly inappropriate, our reaction is sharper. Humans make incorrect decisions all the time. But at least we can ask them “why”. For some, AI isn’t just unfamiliar — it’s existentially unsettling. Teachers, writers, lawyers, and designers are suddenly faced with tools that take on parts of their work. This isn’t just about automation — it’s about what makes our skills valuable and what it means to be human. The result? Resistance, defensiveness, or direct dismissal of the technology. Distrust, in this case, is a psychological defense mechanism. Telling people to “trust the system” rarely works. Trust must be earned. That means designing AI tools that give users agency, not just convenience. Psychologically, we trust what we understand, what we can question, and what treats us with respect. If we want AI to be accepted, it needs to feel less like a black box, and more like a conversation we’re invited to join. 1. Why do we trust traditional tools compared with AI systems? A. They function in a comprehensible way. B. They are equipped with black boxes. C. They boost our understanding of ourselves. D. They encourage us to make our own choices. 2. What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A. We always consider AI tools imperfect. B. We tend to have higher expectations of AI. C. Current AI tools make mistakes all the time. D. We react sharply to our incorrect decisions. 3. Why does AI make people in some professions feel uneasy? A. Its unfamiliarity with work disturbs them. B. Its existence causes a sense of self-doubt. C. It is bound to take the place of them entirely. D. It makes them less capable and less honest. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. How AI works well. B. Reliance on AI tools. C. AI’s potential issues. D. Why we distrust AI. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。以快速、精确和便利著称的人工智能虽深入生活，但我们在使用时还是会存有疑虑。这是因为人们因无法理解决策过程、难以容忍机器错误和担心被取代而产生信任危机。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Human beings are more likely to trust systems they understand. Traditional tools feel familiar: You turn a key, and a car starts. You press a button, and a lift arrives. (人类更倾向于信任自己能够理解的系统。传统工具给人的感觉很熟悉：转动钥匙，汽车就能启动；按下按钮，电梯就会到来。)”可知，相比人工智能系统，我们信任传统工具是因为它们的工作方式易懂。故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“But when an AI tool makes a mistake, it causes discomfort and loss of trust. We trust machines which are objective or data-driven to be logical and impartial. (但当人工智能工具出错时，就会让人感到不适，并且失去对它的信任。我们相信基于客观事实或数据的机器是符合逻辑且公正的。)”可知，我们默认人工智能应当客观精准，所以对它的失误反应更强烈，由此可推断我们对人工智能的期望值更高。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Teachers, writers, lawyers, and designers are suddenly faced with tools that take on parts of their work. This isn’t just about automation — it’s about what makes our skills valuable and what it means to be human. (教师、作家、律师和设计师突然要面对一些承担了部分本职工作的工具。这不仅仅关乎自动化——更关乎是什么让我们的技能具备价值，以及作为人类的意义是什么。)”可知，部分行业从业者因人工智能感到不安，是因为它的存在让他们开始质疑自身技能的价值和自身存在的意义，产生了自我怀疑。故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Despite the promises of speed, accuracy, and convenience, we still feel doubtful about AI tools. This distrust is less about the technology’s capabilities and more about the fundamental workings of the human mind. (尽管人工智能工具承诺了速度、准确性和便捷性，但我们仍然对其心存疑虑。这种不信任与其说是关乎技术的能力，不如说是关乎人类思维的基本运作方式。)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕人们不信任人工智能的原因展开论述，所以D项Why we distrust AI(为什么我们不信任AI)符合语境。故选D项。 06（2025·河北·模拟预测）On October 24, 1975, a historic event took place in Iceland — 90% of its women joined together for a shared “day off” to protest the great unfairness they faced. For many years, they had put up with lower pay than men, common discrimination at work, and people always looking down on the work they did at home. Fed up with being pushed aside, they left their houses and jobs, wanting to show society how important they really were. The strike’s effect was quick and wide-ranging. Daycare centers and schools closed, making men take care of their children — many even brought kids to their offices. Shops, theaters, and important fishing factories stopped working without women employees. In Reykjavík’s main square, 25,000 women got together, holding signs that called for equality. Female politicians stood on stage, encouraging more women to take part in public life. Even though it was officially called a “day off” to get around legal rules against strikes, it was a strong act of protest that shook the whole country. This important day started real changes. Only one year later, Iceland passed an important equal rights law. Five years after that, it made history by electing the world’s first female president chosen through democratic votes. Today, Iceland has been named the world’s most gender-equal country for 16 years in a row. Women hold key positions from prime minister to university leaders, supported by policies like paid time off for parents and rules that require equal pay for the same work. The strike’s inspiration spread beyond Iceland, giving energy to women’s movements in Poland, Spain, and other countries. Fifty years later, while complete gender equality is still something to work toward, the 1975 strike’s influence lives on — it reminds the world that working together can fight unfairness and build a more just future. 1. What did Icelandic women protest in 1975? A. Prejudiced treatment in the work era. B. A shared “day off” for women. C. The lower pay of men. D. Prejudiced treatment in the history. 2. What happened during the 1975 strike? A. Laws changed immediately. B. Women controlled government. C. Men balanced work and kids. D. Factories fired male workers. 3. What followed the strike soon after? A. All jobs preferred women first. B. Female president assumed office. C. Free childcare was offered. D. Unbiased rights law was made. 4. What’s the passage mainly about? A. Iceland women’s equality fight. B. Global women’s strike history. C. Iceland’s female leaders’ deeds. D. Gender rules in workplaces. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1975年冰岛女性罢工抗议不公的事件及其带来的国内变革和国际影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“90% of its women joined together for a shared ‘day off’ to protest the great unfairness they faced. For many years, they had put up with lower pay than men, common discrimination at work, and people always looking down on the work they did at home.(90% 的女性共同休了一天“假”，抗议她们所面临的巨大不公。多年来，她们一直忍受着比男性低的工资、职场中普遍存在的歧视，以及人们对她们家务劳动的轻视)”可知，冰岛女性在1975年抗议的是职场中的歧视性待遇、薪资不公以及家务劳动被轻视等不公平对待。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Daycare centers and schools closed, making men take care of their children — many even brought kids to their offices.(日托中心和学校都关闭了，这使得男性不得不照顾孩子 —— 许多人甚至把孩子带到了办公室)”可知，罢工期间男性不得不兼顾工作和孩子。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Only one year later, Iceland passed an important equal rights law.(仅仅一年后，冰岛就通过了一项重要的平等权利法)”可知，罢工后不久冰岛便制定了公平的权利法案。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中“90% of its women joined together for a shared ‘day off’ to protest the great unfairness they faced.(90% 的女性共同休了一天 “假”，抗议她们所面临的巨大不公)”以及第三段中“This important day started real changes.(这个重要的日子开启了真正的变革)”和第四段中“The strike’s inspiration spread beyond Iceland (这次罢工的影响力蔓延到了冰岛之外)”可知，文章围绕1975年冰岛女性罢工事件展开，讲述了她们为争取性别平等所做的斗争及后续影响。故选A项。 07（25-26高三上·浙江杭州·月考）Much has been discussed about how modern lifestyles lead to insufficient sleep, unlike our ancestors who lived in simpler times. However, an analysis of 54 global sleep studies reveals that individuals in small, non-industrial societies actually sleep less than those in more industrialized regions. “Everyone I speak to in Canada and the US complains about poor sleep,” says Leela McKinnon from the University of Toronto Mississauga. “But the data doesn’t support that.” It is commonly believed that the rise of devices like smartphones has resulted in reduced sleep — often referred to as a sleep-loss epidemic. Yet, many studies reporting a decline in sleep duration rely on self-reported data, which is an unreliable measure. Research using more reliable methods, such as activity monitors or brainwave tracking, has not indicated a decrease in sleep over recent decades. For instance, a 2023 review of 168 studies found no significant drop in sleep duration over the past 50 years. However, these studies primarily focused on industrialized nations, leaving the question of whether sleep patterns were different before industrialization unanswered. The availability of wrist-based activity monitors made it easier to study sleep in non-industrial societies. Such studies have revealed short sleep durations. For instance, among hunter-gatherers, the San peoples in southern Africa sleep for 6.7 hours a night on average. McKinnon and her colleague David Samson, also from the University of Toronto Mississauga, have participated in several relevant studies. They compared sleep habits in industrialized nations — like the US and Australia — with those in smaller, non-industrial communities, including local groups in the Amazon, Madagascar, and Tanna Island in the Pacific. Their analysis, the most comprehensive to date, involved direct measurements of sleep in 866 participants aged 18 and older with no serious health issues. They discovered that individuals in non-industrial societies averaged 6.4 hours of sleep, while those in industrial societies averaged 7.1 hours. Additionally, people in non-industrial societies were asleep for 74% of their time in bed, compared to 88% in industrialized areas, a concept known as sleep efficiency. Samson believes that people in industrialized societies sleep longer and better because their environment is more suitable for sleep. “We see that we’ve made some real gains in the safety and security of our sleep sites,” he says, “We no longer need to worry about rival groups or predators at night.” 1. What does Leela McKinnon think of sleep complaints? A. They are overstated by people. B. They are supported by data. C. They are unique to Canada. D. They are caused by smartphones. 2. How did the researchers conduct their research on people’s sleep habits? A. By collecting sleep data of different age groups. B. By interviewing participants about their sleep routines. C. By analyzing health problems of sleep-deficient people. D. By comparing sleep conditions of different societies. 3. Why do people in industrial societies sleep better? A. They sleep less but feel better. B. Their sleep technology is advanced. C. They are more used to short sleep. D. Their sleep environments are safer. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Research challenges beliefs about sleep. B. Technology greatly reduces sleep time. C. Industrialization worsens sleep quality. D. Non-industrial societies sleep better. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕一项研究展开，该研究表明，非工业社会的群体（如狩猎采集者）实际睡眠时间比工业化社会更短，且睡眠效率更低；研究反驳了“现代生活方式导致普遍睡眠不足”的流行观点，并指出工业化社会的安全环境可能促进了更长的睡眠时间。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中““Everyone I speak to in  Canada and the US complains about poor sleep,” says Leela McKinnon from  the University of Toronto Mississauga. “But the data doesn’t support  that.”(“在加拿大和美国，我遇到的每个人都在抱怨睡眠质量差，”多伦多大学密西沙加校区的莉拉・麦金农说，“但数据并不支持这种说法。”)”及“Yet, many studies reporting a decline in sleep duration rely on self-reported data, which is an unreliable measure. (然而，许多声称睡眠时间下降的研究都依赖自我报告的数据，这种测量方式并不可靠)”可推断，她认为人们对睡眠问题的抱怨言过其实。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“They compared sleep habits in industrialized nations — like the US and Australia — with those in smaller, non-industrial communities, including local groups in the Amazon, Madagascar, and Tanna Island in the Pacific. Their analysis, the most comprehensive to date, involved direct measurements of sleep in 866 participants aged 18 and older with no serious health issues. They discovered that individuals in non-industrial societies averaged 6.4 hours of sleep, while those in industrial societies averaged 7.1 hours. Additionally, people in non-industrial societies were asleep for 74% of their time in bed, compared to 88% in industrialized areas, a concept known as sleep efficiency. (他们对比了工业化国家（如美国、澳大利亚）与小型非工业化社群（包括亚马逊、马达加斯加以及太平洋塔纳岛的本地群体）的睡眠习惯。他们的分析是迄今为止最全面的一项，研究对象为866名18岁及以上、无严重健康问题的参与者，并对他们的睡眠情况进行了直接测量。研究发现，非工业化社会人群的平均睡眠时间为6.4小时，而工业化社会人群的平均睡眠时间为7.1小时。此外，非工业化社会人群的睡眠效率（即卧床时间中用于睡眠的比例）为74%，而工业化地区人群的睡眠效率则达到88%)”可知，研究人员对比了工业化国家和非工业化小型社群的睡眠习惯，还对866名参与者的睡眠情况进行了直接测量。由此可知，研究的核心方法是对比不同社会的睡眠状况。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Samson believes that people  in industrialized societies sleep longer and better because their  environment is more suitable for sleep. “We see that we’ve made some  real gains in the safety and security of our sleep sites,” he says, “We  no longer need to worry about rival groups or predators at night.”(萨姆森认为，工业化社会人群睡得更久、质量更高，是因为他们的睡眠环境更适宜睡眠。“我们发现，人类睡眠环境的安全性已经有了实质性的提升，”他说，“我们再也不用担心夜晚会遭遇敌对群体或捕食者的侵袭了。”)”可知，工业化社会的人们睡得更好是因为他们的睡眠环境更安全。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Much has been discussed about how modern lifestyles lead to insufficient sleep, unlike our ancestors who lived in simpler times. However, an analysis of 54 global sleep studies reveals that individuals in small, non-industrial societies actually sleep less than those in more industrialized regions. (关于现代生活方式如何导致睡眠不足的讨论已有很多，这与我们生活在更简单年代的祖先们截然不同。然而，一项涵盖54项全球睡眠研究的分析表明，小型非工业化社会人群的睡眠时间，实际上比工业化程度更高地区的人群要短)”以及通读全文可知，全文围绕一项研究展开，大众普遍认为现代工业化生活方式导致睡眠不足，非工业化社会人群睡眠更好，但研究却发现非工业化社会人群睡眠时长更短、睡眠效率更低，这一结论挑战了人们对睡眠的固有认知。因此，A选项“Research challenges beliefs about sleep. (研究挑战了人们对睡眠的看法)”最符合文章主旨。故选A。 08（25-26高三上·江苏南京·期中）In 2022, President Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was designed to speed up the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). It offered 7,500 dollars in tax breaks for new EVs and 4,000 dollars for used ones, and also invested money in charging facilities. “This is about creating a clean energy future and showing American leadership,” Biden said. However, by July 2025, President Trump changed direction. He canceled those terms regarding incentives (奖励性优惠) for consumers and punishments for car companies that didn’t meet emission standards. “We canceled the ridiculous EV requirements that were limiting American choices,” Trump said, putting consumer freedom ahead of government rules. This sudden policy change caused chaos in the industry. Sales of pure EVs stopped growing, with Tesla seeing a 10% decline in the first half of 2025. On the other hand, hybrid (混合的) electric vehicles (HEVs) saw a 40% jump compared to the previous year in May 2025, led by Toyota’s practical, non-plug-in models. “Our plan meets customers’ needs right now without sacrificing convenience,” explained Jack Hollis, the head of Toyota North America. At the same time, the US lost its edge in global competition as Chinese NEV exports increased, taking advantage of the weaknesses in American infrastructure and policy stability. For consumers, the policy rollback made things more expensive and increased their worries. EVs became more costly without tax breaks, and there were still few charging stations outside cities. “Why waste hours looking for a charger when I can fill up my hybrid in five minutes?” a resident from the Midwest asked, pointing out the ongoing problem of “range anxiety”. Trust also decreased as policies kept changing, making buyers reluctant to buy EVs. The future is still unclear. While some states continue to offer support, the federal government’s withdrawal undermines (削弱) the ability to build a competitive clean transportation industry and the progress in reducing carbon emissions could be cut in half. 1. Which is true about Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in 2022? A. It was intended to create a new kind of clean energy. B. It offered tax breaks to new EVs instead of used ones. C. It ignored the construction of more charging facilities. D. It punished car companies not meeting emission standards. 2. What is Trump’s attitude towards Biden’s IRA? A. Dismissive. B. Objective. C. Favorable. D. Reserved. 3. What can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Toyota benefited most from the new policy. B. Range anxiety had no effect on buyers’ desire. C. The policy change weakened the global EV market. D. Policy instability harmed US’s edge in EV industry. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. A global competition in the EV industry. B. The impact of American EV policy shift. C. The obstacles of clean energy transition. D. Buyers’ response to the US new EV policy. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章分析了美国政府在2022年(拜登政府)和2025年(特朗普政府)对电动汽车政策发生的根本性转变，以及这种政策反转对电动汽车产业、市场、消费者以及美国在全球竞争中地位所产生的一系列负面影响。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“In 2022, President Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was designed to speed up the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs).(2022年，拜登总统的《通胀削减法案》(IRA)旨在加速电动汽车的普及)”和“However, by July 2025, President Trump changed direction. He canceled those terms regarding incentives (奖励性优惠) for consumers and punishments for car companies that didn’t meet emission standards.(然而，到了2025年7月，特朗普总统改变了方向。他取消了对消费者的激励条款和对未达到排放标准的汽车公司的惩罚)”可知，特朗普改变了方向，取消了“对未达到排放标准的汽车公司的惩罚”，由此推知，拜登的原《通胀削减法案》(IRA)包含了对未达排放标准汽车公司的惩罚。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第一段中特朗普所说的“We canceled the ridiculous EV requirements that were limiting American choices(我们取消了那些限制美国人选择的荒谬的电动汽车要求)”可知，特朗普认为拜登的《通胀削减法案》(IRA)是荒谬的，由此可推断出，特朗普对拜登的IRA持否定和不屑态度。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“At the same time, the US lost its edge in global competition as Chinese NEV exports increased, taking advantage of the weaknesses in American infrastructure and policy stability.(与此同时，随着中国新能源汽车出口的增加，利用美国基础设施和政策稳定性的弱点，美国在全球竞争中失去了优势)”和第三段中“Trust also decreased as policies kept changing, making buyers reluctant to buy EVs.(随着政策的不断变化，信任度也下降了，使得买家不愿意购买电动汽车)”可推知，政策的不稳定损害了消费者信任和产业竞争力，损害了美国在电动汽车行业的优势。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“However, by July 2025, President Trump changed direction. He canceled those terms regarding incentives (奖励性优惠) for consumers and punishments for car companies that didn’t meet emission standards.(然而，到了2025年7月，特朗普总统改变了方向。他取消了对消费者的激励条款和对未达到排放标准的汽车公司的惩罚)”以及下文对这一政策转变对行业、消费者和全球竞争的影响的描述可知，文章主要讲述了美国电动汽车政策转变的影响。故选B项。 试卷第20页，共31页 试卷第21页，共31页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第07期 二轮复习微专题 专题06 阅读理解说明文段落大意题和文章大意题 解析版 技能专区：洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货，培优补弱助手 高考真题说明文考点解读 2022-2026高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 典型题 2026浙江1月卷C 349+93 人与社会 人们难以识别虚假评价原因及对策 30推理判断题 2026浙江1月卷D 315+111 人与自然 AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 35推理判断题 2025全国一卷D 331+135 人与自然 减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 32写作手法题 2024新课标I卷D 364+122 人与自然 引导公民们科学记录生物多样性 35建议推断题 2024浙江1月卷C 320+142 人与自然 人工降雨公司推出“冰雹计划”研究 28推理判断题 2024浙江1月卷D 338+149 人与社会 棉花糖测试抵制精神“垃圾食品”诱惑 35标题概括题 2023新课标I卷C 322+107 人与社会 倡导人们过数字极简主义生活方式 29猜测词义题 2023新课标I卷D 338+112 人与社会 介绍“群体智慧”效应的原理以及应用 31推理判断题 2023浙江1月卷C 314+132 人与社会 介绍在辩论中战胜人类的软件程序 27文章大意题 2023浙江1月卷D 318+149 人与自然 新型太阳能农场能够促进农业发展 35标题概括题 2022浙江6月卷B 306+105 人与自我 介绍世界各地“小森林”的兴起情况 25意图推断题 2022浙江6月卷C 302+144 人与自然 研究表明适度的工作会带来成果 29意图推断题 2022浙江1月卷B 354+112 人与自我 介绍一位自营宠物运输方面专家 22猜测词义题 2022浙江1月卷C 284+99 人与社会 讲述蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系 26文体推断题 阅读微技能11：段落大意题 1.命题形式 常见命题形式：What is Paragraph X mainly about? 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? (2025全国二卷) 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? (2024新课标I卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 第一步：结合题干定位到相应段落。 第二步：寻找段落主题句。解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。 第三步：留意段落大意题干扰项四大特点：①过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围②以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容③移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上④主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。 第四步：确定段落关键词。段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。 4.跟踪训练 (2025全国二卷D篇片段) … It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. … 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 阅读微技能12：文章大意题 1.设题方式 ①What is the text mainly about? ③What is the passage mainly about? 2.记叙文主旨大意题 ①看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 ③借助主题词或关键词归纳 3.说明文和议论文主旨大意题 ①看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 ②借助主题词或关键词归纳 4.文章大意题错误选项典型错误 ①“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； ②“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； ③“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 5.文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 6.文章大意题思维导图 7.跟踪训练 （2022全国甲卷）As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation. 30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 清北生实战经验反馈区 一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、态度推断题注重“原文定位”和“观点区分”，弄清来龙去脉再判断。 三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 七、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 第一部分：段落大意题专练8篇 01（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Ms. McIntyre, 38, worked as a publisher. She suffered brain cancer and her health got worse despite some medical treatment. But she realized that in a way, she was luckier than some other people. She had insurance to help pay for her medical care. But Ms. McIntyre and her husband, Mr. Gregory, knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay. Though her health was failing, Ms. McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could. The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt, which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others. The group can pay off medical bills for about 100 times less money than they cost. In other words, for every 100 donated, the group can pay off 10,000 in unpaid medical bills. Unfortunately, Ms. McIntyre passed away before long. Mr. Gregory posted a message for Ms. McIntyre on her social media accounts. “If you’re reading this, I have passed away,” the post began. Then the post explained, “To celebrate my life, I’ve arranged to buy up others’ medical debts and then destroy the debts.” The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose. They had hoped to raise about $20,000. Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By November 22, 2023, Ms. McIntyre’s web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in medical debts. Mr. Gregory planned a special event in December to celebrate Ms. McIntyre’s life and to announce how many millions of dollars of medical debts her efforts had paid for. 1. Why did Ms. McIntyre feel luckier than some other people? A. The doctors eventually cured her. B. Her disease didn’t become worse. C. She had medical insurance. D. She had a decent job before being ill. 2. How did Ms. McIntyre and her husband help others? A. By paying for their daily debts. B. By giving away money to them. C. By purchasing medical insurance for them. D. By ridding them of debts from treatments. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The couple’s anticipation. B. The public involvement. C. The operation of a website. D. The increase of medical debts. 4. Which of the following words can best describe Ms. McIntyre? A. Influential and understanding. B. Humorous and elegant. C. Cautious and promising. D. Enthusiastic and adaptable. 02（25-26高三上·山东青岛·期中）It was probably five years ago when I was asked to work with a young comedian called Chris. At that time, he came up with this fun idea of a fictional character called Duncan. When I met ‘Duncan’ for the first time, he was wearing a Heart of Midlothian shirt — the team I never supported. He then started eating a packet of crisps right next to me, which is one of my pet hates. He was a complete disappointment to me and I knew immediately that we were going to have some fun. Before the performance, he handed me the lines, I said I couldn’t say half the things as they were too mean. He convinced me it was fine and I went with it, and honestly, it was so funny. I struggled to keep a straight face. It went viral (迅速走红). He was approached by the Edinburgh Festival Fringe — way beyond my comfort zone. But I was so comfortable with Chris by this point, I agreed to do it. I never knew what Chris was going to do onstage. I just had to go along with it, and then I’d tell funny tennis stories when he went offstage to get ready. Making people laugh gave me the greatest pleasure. I thought back to sitting in the audience many times before and I couldn’t believe that I was up there onstage. For many years, my life was just tennis and it was so lovely to go into someone else’s world. Before I partnered with Chris, my sons started winning big in tennis, which made us famous. I had a hard time from the media, seen as the pushy mum, overbearing and never smiling. The fact is not so. Being in the tennis players’ box is not fun. It’s really stressful and there’s a reason why I wasn’t smiling. When I meet people in everyday life now, they point out that I’m always smiling. It’s really nice that people see that side of me. 1. What’s the author’s first impression of Duncan? A. Annoying. B. Polite. C. Talented. D. Funny. 2. What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Growth in different careers. B. Struggle during performances. C. An embarrassing experience in theater. D. An unexpected journey on comedy stage. 3. What’s the author’s attitude to this experience? A. Discouraged. B. Regretful. C. Relieved. D. Grateful. 4. Which of the following might be the best title of the text? A. The Price of Viral Fame B. A New Stage Beyond Tennis C. The Intense Pressure on Stage D. Courtside Tears of a Tennis Mum 03（25-26高三上·重庆·月考）Four days after Hurricane Ida made landfall, the New Orleans meteorologist (气象学家) Margaret Orr took a break after twelve hours on the air to reply to her fans on Twitter. Orr has been reporting the weather for forty-two years. Someone asked why the sun always shines before a storm. “To remind us that the sun will shine again,” she replied, adding a heart emoji. “The real reason? Because you’ve often got high pressure right over you, and it’s hot. The high moves off to the east and pushes the system our way.” Many of her workmates were sleeping at the station, but Orr preferred to go home, where she had running water but no electricity. She could handle not having an air-conditioner. Not having Internet, though, was a hardship. She said, “I couldn’t check my social media until I got to work, which was annoying.” In the days leading up to Ida, people contacted Orr through Twitter to get individualized, practical advice. Orr tried to respond to everyone. This dedication earned her, great respect from the residents. Orr has always been fascinated by weather. In 1965, when she was twelve years old, the wind from Hurricane Betsy blew the roof off her family’s house in New Orleans. She remembers going outside and standing in the eye of the storm. “I looked up and saw the sky and saw the stars,” she said. “Bad weather happens everywhere,” she said. “Every now and then, on Twitter, you’ll see people saying, why do you live there? Well, I live here because it’s my home. This is where I grew up. This is the place I love.” She went on, “After Hurricane Katrina, I thought, could I live anywhere else? And I decided, no, I couldn’t.” She added, “As my daughter said about New Orleans when she was a little girl, ‘I even love the dirt.’” 1. What kind of person is Orr according to paragraph 1? A. Hardworking and serious. B. Curious and committed. C. Professional and inspiring. D. Knowledgeable and brave. 2. Why was Orr respected by the residents? A. She overcame tough living conditions. B. She devoted herself to helping others. C. She had many contacts on the Internet. D. She returned home after the hurricane. 3. Why as Orr’s experience in 1965 mentioned? A. To indicate the absence of rescue efforts. B. To highlight the power of natural disasters. C. To stress the necessity of weather forecasting. D. To show weather conditions’ attraction to her. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Orr’s connection with home. B. Orr’s knowledge of weather. C. Orr’s optimism about life. D. Orr’s love for her daughter. 04（25-26高三上·河北·月考）Mark Levine, a 77-year-old American professor, has spent nearly twenty years living and working in China. On teaching days, he leaves his apartment in Beijing’s Haidian District before sunrise and travels over thirty kilometers to Minzu University’s Fengtai campus. Although he moves slowly, he maintains an active schedule, balancing his work as a teacher, writer, and musician. Levine often explains that these roles help him stay connected to the society he regards as home. His interest in China began while he was working for a U.S. labor organization dedicated to improving conditions for low-income workers. As a sociologist, he examined how different countries addressed social inequality and was particularly impressed by China’s progress. Later, a job offer from a college in Huai’an convinced him to take a decisive step and begin a new chapter. He still remembers his first evening in Huai’an, when the streets were crowded with bicycles, a scene that signaled how different his new environment would be. Over the years, he traveled to every provincial-level region in China and delivered lectures at more than eighty universities. In 2007, Levine moved to Beijing. His small apartment is filled with plants, guitars, books about China, and souvenirs from his travels — items that record the life he has built on his own. Although his family lives far away, he insists that he does not feel lonely, largely because of the friendships he has formed with colleagues, neighbors, and students. A key moment in his life came when he met Fu Han, a piano teacher who later became his musical partner. Hoping to present a more complete picture of China to the world, they began writing songs together. A spring festival he spent with her family in rural Hubei left him particularly moved and inspired one of his songs about the warmth he experienced there. In 2016, Levine received Chinese permanent residence, which strengthened his sense of belonging. Today, well known in his neighborhood, he is often greeted by children who call him “Grandpa Santa.” 1. Why did Levine move to China at first? A. To take up a post. B. To further his study. C. To find a well-paid job. D. To explore a college. 2. How does Levine mainly keep loneliness away while living far from his family? A. By writing songs about home. B. By traveling to various places. C. By occupying himself in work. D. By building social connections. 3. What does Levine’s cooperation with Fu Han imply? A. It encouraged him to pursue music full time. B. It pushed him to learn traditional instruments. C. It helped him become an established performer. D. It allowed him to share local stories effectively. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A sociologist’s fight for workers. B. A foreigner’s life rooted in China. C. A foreign teacher’s route to fame. D. A professor’s music achievements. 05（2026·陕西渭南·一模）Each year, more than 1.2 billion cellphones are produced globally. The production of electronic devices not only is energy-intensive but also consumes valuable natural resources. Additionally, the manufacturing and delivery processes emit a significant amount of CO2, into the atmosphere. Meanwhile, devices are aging faster than ever — users replace their still-functional cellphones on average every 2 to 3 years. At best, old devices are recycled; at worst, they end up in landfills. Although the most sustainable solution would be to change consumer behavior and consider more carefully whether the old one needs to be replaced, this is easier said than done. Therefore, alternative solutions are needed — such as giving old devices an entirely new purpose. This is precisely the approach tested by researchers Huber Flores and Yin Zhigang from the University of Tartu, along with their international colleagues. “Innovation often begins not with something new, but with a new way of thinking about the old, reimagining its role in shaping the future,” explained Flores. They demonstrated that old cellphones can be successfully repurposed into tiny data centers capable of storing and efficiently processing data. They also found that building such a data center costs just around €8. In the project’s first stage, the researchers removed the phones’ batteries and replaced them with external power sources to reduce the risk of chemical leakage into the environment. Then, four phones were connected together, fitted with 3D-printed casings (壳) and holders, and transformed into a working prototype (原型) ready to be reused, fostering sustainable practices for old electronics. The prototype was then successfully tested underwater, where it participated in marine life monitoring by helping to count different marine species. Normally, these kinds of tasks require a professional diver to record videos and bring them to the surface for analysis. But with the prototype, the whole process can be done automatically underwater. These tiny data centers could also be used in urban environments like bus stops to collect real-time data on the number of passengers, which could then be used to optimize public transportation networks. Sustainability is not just about preserving the future; it's about reimagining the present, where yesterday’s devices become tomorrow’s opportunities. 1. What are the environmental concerns associated with cellphone production? A. Causing water and soil pollution. B. High cost and technical complexity. C. Short lifespan and low recycling rates. D. High energy use and carbon emissions. 2. What is the main benefit of the cellphone-repurposing project? A. It fixes the battery leakage problem. B. It discourages buying fewer phones. C. It makes phone production greener. D. It reduces e-waste and saves resources. 3. What’s paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Evaluating the project’s commercial value. B. Describing the building and testing process. C. Explaining the prototype’s working principle. D. Highlighting the researcher's personal efforts. 4. What can be inferred about reusing old cellphones as data centers? A. Automatic data processing is available. B. Software innovation is the main change. C. Old devices can give new functional roles. D. Data centers will replace recycling systems. 06（2025高三上·陕西西安·专题练习）Los Angeles native Randall Bartlett sat under the rooftop of a traditional Chinese scholar’s studio, occasionally turning a page of his book. The scene was in the reopened Liu Fang Yuan at the Huntington Library，Art Museum and Botanical Gardens. For him, the garden brings to life the Chinese philosophies he learned from books. Phillip E. Bloom, director of the Center for East Asian Garden Studies, said the idea for Liu Fang Yuan goes back to the 1980s with the initial aim of creating a collection of Chinese plants, but after research, they realized plants alone were not sufficient to demonstrate the essence of a Chinese garden. Eventually, it was decided to model a garden on 16th and 17th century scholarly retreats (隐居处) in Suzhou. The decision was made partly due to the fame of Suzhou classical gardens, but also because similarities were found between the Huntington and Suzhou gardens. Bloom said that Henry Huntington, founder of the Huntington Library, was a successful US businessman who used his fortune to collect rare books, artworks and to create gardens. “Many Suzhou gardens were also created by rich people who tried to pursue a scholarly lifestyle,” he added. To preserve the character of the Suzhou gardens, the Huntington Library sought help from Suzhou, giving rise to collaboration between US and Chinese architects, contractor and designers. In all stages of construction, artisans (工匠) from Suzhou came to work on details of the venue. After three years of expansion from 2018 to 2020, Liu Fang Yuan reopened to the public with 4.6 hectares of new landscape, making it one of the largest classical-style Chinese gardens in the world. The additions include courtyards displaying bonsai, a scholar’s studio, a pavilion (亭子) situated at the garden’s highest point, etc. Now, it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden. “A lot of volunteers come to different lectures and exhibitions about Chinese culture that we hold regularly,” Bloom said. By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries. 1. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The introduction to the founder of the garden. B. The fame of Suzhou classical gardens. C. The features of a scholarly lifestyle. D. The reasons for modeling a Suzhou garden. 2. What does the underlined word “collaboration” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Negotiation. B. Cooperation. C. Inspiration. D. Contradiction. 3. Why did Bloom mention local people’s interactions with the garden? A. To show its cultural significance. B. To detail its architectural features. C. To promote its diverse activities. D. To boost its international fame. 4. What do we know about Liu Fang Yuan? A. It used to be a scholarly retreat in Suzhou. B. It was constructed by Suzhou artisans alone. C. It became the largest garden after being expanded. D. It promotes cultural exchanges between America and China. 07（25-26高三上·河北石家庄·期中）Heads of governments, senior policymakers and CEOs of tech companies have always gathered to discuss how to tackle the risks of advanced AI technologies. However, there is one group that has been entirely missing from these decision-making processes relating to AI’s design, development and application, and it is the one most affected by advances in AI: children. When the importance of bringing children into these conversations is raised, it is often with reference to the familiar idea that “children are the future”. That’s something I fundamentally disagree with. If we value children because we view them as the future, we are seeing their worth only in terms of their potential, or what they might contribute in years to come. We focus on educating them so they’re equipped to work with AI in the future or solve the problems previous generations hand down, rather than facilitating their involvement in processes to address those problems today. Children aren’t the future. Children are the here and now. In relation to AI, children of all ages already experience it on a daily basis. Babies play with smart toys, young children with smart devices, and AI on social media filters (过滤) the information that teenagers access. In primary and middle schools, AI is used to personalize materials or tailor learning pathways. There are huge opportunities to use AI in positive ways, creating new, playful, fun experiences for children, and supporting them in education through assistive technologies, for example. But there are also significant risks and as yet unknown impacts. Want to get this right? Put children at the heart of decision-making. Usually, problems occur because systems haven’t been designed with children’s needs and interests kept in mind, or assumptions are made based on adults’ experiences and perceptions — no adult today has first-hand experience of being a child in a world with AI. To fully understand children’s experiences with these technologies, or what impacts they might be having, we must involve children themselves and listen to their voice. 1. What problem is stated in paragraph 1? A. The urgency of addressing AI risks. B. The imbalance in AI decision- making. C. Children’s absence from talks about AI. D. AI technologies’ ill effects on children. 2. Why does the author disapprove of the popular idea about children? A. It overstates their potential. B. It ignores their present value. C. It centers too much on them. D. It fails to match educational goals. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The general application of AI. B. The availability of AI to all the children. C. The frequency of daily AI use. D. The interaction between children and AI. 4. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To call for action. B. To explain a problem. C. To generate discussion. D. To give a warning. 08（25-26高二上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期中）It was obvious with Pinocchio. Every time he told a lie his nose grew longer. But for the rest of us in real life, the result of telling lies isn’t so evident. Is it possible that there are unseen consequences to dishonesty? Since lies are carried by speech, and speech originates in the brain, is it possible that telling lies results in changes in the brain that are not outwardly observable? Psychologists Julia Lee and Ashley Hardin wanted to find out. Drs. Lee and Hardin set up a series of studies to explore the question of dishonesty, with 250 pairs of individuals. In each pair, one was assigned (分派) the task of either lying or telling the truth. The other member of the pair was instructed to evaluate the emotions of the lying or truth-telling partner. Each of the partners was then assigned the task of evaluating the emotions of the other partner. The research found that subjects who were asked to be dishonest were significantly worse at detecting the emotional state of their partners than those who told the truth. Surprisingly, the small, seemingly unimportant moments of dishonesty clouded an individual’s ability to read the emotions of another individual later on. To determine how well the participants could read other people’s emotions, the researchers then had the subjects watch a series of short video clips. In the clips, actors expressed a wide range of emotions in their facial expressions, voices, and body languages. The participants were then asked to identify the emotional state of the actors. Once again, across all the experimental studies, the researchers consistently found that those who were tempted to, and likely did lie, ended up performing worse on the test of empathetic accuracy than those who didn’t lie. We live in a world where businesses, social life, and personal relationships depend on the ability of individuals to interact well with other people. And to interact with them we often need to be able to determine their emotions. As most of us learned in kindergarten: it’s important to tell the truth! 1. What is the aim of the studies? A. To explore the motive for lying. B. To explain the Pinocchio Effect. C. To test if lying causes brain changes. D. To teach people how to detect lies. 2. What does the underlined word “clouded” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Improved. B. Cleared. C. Monitored. D. Weakened. 3. What were the participants asked to do in the studies? A. To learn body languages. B. To make faces. C. To identify different emotions. D. To rate others’ performances. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The application of the study. B. The necessity of being honest. C. The complexity of social interaction. D. The reasons for telling lies. 第二部分：文章大意题专练8篇 01（2026·浙江·一模）According to a recent study by the University of Michigan, using substances to aid sleep has become a common habit among young adults aged 19 to 30. The data shows that nearly 22% of Americans in this group have used medical analgesics (止痛剂) or alcohol to help themselves fall asleep. Medical analgesics are used much more frequently than alcohol for this specific purpose. While many young people turn to these methods hoping for a quick fix to their tiredness, researchers are raising serious alarms about the potential consequences. Experts warn that relying on drugs for sleep can backfire significantly. Megan Patrick, a research professor involved in the study, points out that these substances may interfere with the ability to stay asleep and reduce the overall quality of rest. Long-term use is particularly dangerous. Instead of curing insomnia (失眠), it may lead to worse sleep problems. Regular use can cause the body to develop “tolerance,” meaning a person needs to consume more of the substance to get the same effect. This pattern creates a vicious (凶险的) cycle of increasing use and worsening health. Furthermore, the study highlights notable differences in usage based on gender and race. Women are almost twice as likely as men to use medical analgesics to help them sleep. Additionally, Black young adults are three times more likely than white young adults to use alcohol as a sleep aid. These findings suggest that specific groups may be at higher risk and need targeted attention to prevent the development of a substance use disorder. There is also a dangerous misconception among young adults. Many believe that using medical analgesics or alcohol is helpful for sleep problems. However, evidence suggests that this belief is false. Doing so can actually make sleep problems even worse over time. Since high-quality sleep is critical for mental health and mood regulation, relying on harmful substances can severely damage a young person’s well-being. Finally, because sleep problems and substance use often happen together, health care providers should be alert. Doctors are advised to screen for both issues and offer coordinated support when necessary. Young adults who are trying to manage sleep problems should talk to their doctors instead of self-medicating. They need to understand the potential risks and seek professional help to find safer treatments that do not involve dangerous substances. 1. Why does the author mention “tolerance” in Paragraph 2? A. To explain a side effect. B. To introduce a new drug. C. To prove the benefit of analgesics. D. To compare alcohol with drugs. 2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Men are less likely to use drugs. B. White adults prefer alcohol most. C. Gender affects choice of sleep aids. D. Women suffer more from sleeplessness. 3. What is a common misunderstanding among young adults? A. Sleep problems are rare to see. B. Doctors ignore their health issues. C. Substances improve sleep quality. D. Analgesics are good for mental health. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A survey on sleep aids. B. The harm of alcohol use. C. Ways to cure insomnia. D. Mental health of youth. 02（25-26高三上·浙江杭州·月考）Much has been discussed about how modern lifestyles lead to insufficient sleep, unlike our ancestors who lived in simpler times. However, an analysis of 54 global sleep studies reveals that individuals in small, non-industrial societies actually sleep less than those in more industrialized regions. “Everyone I speak to in Canada and the US complains about poor sleep,” says Leela McKinnon from the University of Toronto Mississauga. “But the data doesn’t support that.” It is commonly believed that the rise of devices like smartphones has resulted in reduced sleep — often referred to as a sleep-loss epidemic. Yet, many studies reporting a decline in sleep duration rely on self-reported data, which is an unreliable measure. Research using more reliable methods, such as activity monitors or brainwave tracking, has not indicated a decrease in sleep over recent decades. For instance, a 2023 review of 168 studies found no significant drop in sleep duration over the past 50 years. However, these studies primarily focused on industrialized nations, leaving the question of whether sleep patterns were different before industrialization unanswered. The availability of wrist-based activity monitors made it easier to study sleep in non-industrial societies. Such studies have revealed short sleep durations. For instance, among hunter-gatherers, the San peoples in southern Africa sleep for 6.7 hours a night on average. McKinnon and her colleague David Samson, also from the University of Toronto Mississauga, have participated in several relevant studies. They compared sleep habits in industrialized nations — like the US and Australia — with those in smaller, non-industrial communities, including local groups in the Amazon, Madagascar, and Tanna Island in the Pacific. Their analysis, the most comprehensive to date, involved direct measurements of sleep in 866 participants aged 18 and older with no serious health issues. They discovered that individuals in non-industrial societies averaged 6.4 hours of sleep, while those in industrial societies averaged 7.1 hours. Additionally, people in non-industrial societies were asleep for 74% of their time in bed, compared to 88% in industrialized areas, a concept known as sleep efficiency. Samson believes that people in industrialized societies sleep longer and better because their environment is more suitable for sleep. “We see that we’ve made some real gains in the safety and security of our sleep sites,” he says, “We no longer need to worry about rival groups or predators at night.” 1. What does Leela McKinnon think of sleep complaints? A. They are overstated by people. B. They are supported by data. C. They are unique to Canada. D. They are caused by smartphones. 2. How did the researchers conduct their research on people’s sleep habits? A. By collecting sleep data of different age groups. B. By interviewing participants about their sleep routines. C. By analyzing health problems of sleep-deficient people. D. By comparing sleep conditions of different societies. 3. Why do people in industrial societies sleep better? A. They sleep less but feel better. B. Their sleep technology is advanced. C. They are more used to short sleep. D. Their sleep environments are safer. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Research challenges beliefs about sleep. B. Technology greatly reduces sleep time. C. Industrialization worsens sleep quality. D. Non-industrial societies sleep better. 03（25-26高三上·江苏南通·期中）The age of pre-sorting mixed plastic waste may soon be over. The secret weapon is a cheap catalyst (催化剂) targeting the most problematic plastic. The findings are detailed in a study published in the journal Nature Chemistry. Even after decades of worldwide efforts, recycling plastic remains much easier said than done. The frustrating reality is largely thanks to polyolefins (聚烯烃). Humans make about 220 million tons of polyolefin-based products every year, most of which are single-use items like milk bottles, trash bags, and juice boxes. However, less than 10 percent of polyolefin products are recycled annually, resulting in mountains of waste destined for landfills or being burnt. That’s because while other plastics are typically broken down with catalysts, breaking down polyolefin is difficult due to its tough carbon-carbon molecular bonds (分子键). “Polyolefins don’t have any weak links. Every bond is incredibly strong and chemically unreactive,” said Yosi Kratish, a chemist at Northwestern University. Meanwhile, burning polyolefins requires temperatures as high as 700℃. “Everything can be burned, of course,” said Kratish. “But we wanted to find an elegant way to add the minimum amount of energy to obtain the maximum value product.” A potential solution combining hydrogen gas and a catalyst can deconstruct polyolefin plastic into useful hydrocarbons, but the process also involves high temperatures and expensive catalysts. But Kratish’s team found a workaround. Unlike rare metals, engineers discovered that an alternative called cationic nickel (阳离子镍) is cheap and easy to collect. Other nickel-based catalysts include multiple reaction sites. Cationic nickel’s single-site variant allows it to function more like a precise sharp knife. Instead of breaking down all of a plastic’s structure, this option specifically targets those carbon-carbon bonds at a much lower temperature and with half the hydrogen gas pressure. “That is amazing. It’s definitely not something anybody expected” Kratish said. If proven to be scalable (可规模化) and efficient, the new catalyst could largely cut down the need for plastic pre-sorting while also reducing the amount of microplastics released into the environment every day. 1. Recycling polyolefin remains difficult due to its ________. A. industrial value B. practical application C. chemical structure D. environmental impact 2. What does “an elegant way” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Combining hydrogen gas with cationic nickel. B. Deconstructing polyolefins into hydrocarbons. C. Burning polyolefins at a high temperature. D. Breaking down all of a plastic’s structure. 3. What is the advantage of cationic nickel over other catalysts? A. It avoids many steps of processing. B. It operates effectively at a lower cost. C. It breaks down all types of plastic. D. It produces higher quality end products. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. The challenge of recycling polyolefins. B. The process of breaking carbon bonds. C. A basic theory of applying catalysts. D. A new method of recycling polyolefins. 04（25-26高三上·江苏徐州·月考）When Sarah, a book lover logged into her neighborhood’s AI-powered app, she never expected an algorithm (算法) to spark a lifelong friendship. The app, which analyzes residents’ hobbies and interaction patterns, suggested she connect with Mike, a fellow poetry enthusiast who lived just three blocks away — yet they’d never crossed paths in five years of living nearby. Their first offline encounter at a local cafe led to a monthly neighborhood book club, now a cornerstone of community life. AI is evolving into a powerful driver for fostering inclusive social connections within communities. In daily life, by using data analysis to understand residents’ interests and contact patterns, algorithms can form specific interest-based communities — from gardening groups to hiking clubs. For instance, neighbors living in suburban areas of the United States exchange professional knowledge through online platforms, which in turn helps organize offline activities such as seed-swapping events and joint community garden projects. However, hidden risks may arise from the popularity of AI use in daily life. As social technology expert Dr. Lisa Chen points out, the digital gap leaves elderly people who don’t know how to use smart devices out of community information and social activities. Smart monitoring and data collection also cause privacy worries, as community platforms often share data with third parties without permission. Worse still, algorithms focusing on bad events may increase distrust in communities and stop natural engagement. Experts advocate that communities ought to bridge the digital divide through AI literacy initiatives, safeguard data privacy via well-defined frameworks, and adjust algorithmic conduct based on moral standards. Ultimately, the core value of AI lies in complementing rather than replacing human connections. It is only by integrating technological efficiency with human warmth that we can promote more harmonious communities. 1. What can we learn about AI app from Sarah’s story? A. It redefined interaction patterns. B. It directly launched a book club. C. It greatly aroused social exclusion. D. It enhanced Sarah’s literacy innovation. 2. Which best explains “inclusive social connections” in communities? A. Residents’ interests are known to all. B. All jobs are done on online platforms. C. AI focuses on professional skill-sharing. D. Neighbors interact more online and offline. 3. What solutions may be effective for AI’s risks? A. Allowing data sharing with third parties. B. Letting AI evolve freely to ensure efficiency. C. Helping people, especially the elderly, use AI. D. Banning AI in activities to prevent privacy issues. 4. What’s the passage mainly about? A. AI facilitates diverse interest-based communities. B. AI both fosters connections and brings potential risks. C. Experts raise practical proposals to address AI issues. D. The digital gap threatens elderly people’s participation. 05（2025·内蒙古乌兰察布·模拟预测）From ChatGPT crafting emails, to AI systems recommending TV shows and even helping diagnose disease, the presence of machine intelligence in everyday life is no longer science fiction. Despite the promises of speed, accuracy, and convenience, we still feel doubtful about AI tools. This distrust is less about the technology’s capabilities and more about the fundamental workings of the human mind. Human beings are more likely to trust systems they understand. Traditional tools feel familiar: You turn a key, and a car starts. You press a button, and a lift arrives. But many AI systems operate as black boxes: You type something in, and a decision appears. The logic in between is hidden. Psychologically, this is worrying. We like to see cause and effect, and we like being able to question decisions. When we can’t, we feel disempowered. One curious finding from behavioral science is that we are often more forgiving of human error than machine error. When a human makes a mistake, we understand it because we know humans are imperfect. But when an AI tool makes a mistake, it causes discomfort and loss of trust. We trust machines which are objective or data-driven to be logical and impartial. So when they fail, such as misclassifying an image, delivering biased outputs, or recommending something wildly inappropriate, our reaction is sharper. Humans make incorrect decisions all the time. But at least we can ask them “why”. For some, AI isn’t just unfamiliar — it’s existentially unsettling. Teachers, writers, lawyers, and designers are suddenly faced with tools that take on parts of their work. This isn’t just about automation — it’s about what makes our skills valuable and what it means to be human. The result? Resistance, defensiveness, or direct dismissal of the technology. Distrust, in this case, is a psychological defense mechanism. Telling people to “trust the system” rarely works. Trust must be earned. That means designing AI tools that give users agency, not just convenience. Psychologically, we trust what we understand, what we can question, and what treats us with respect. If we want AI to be accepted, it needs to feel less like a black box, and more like a conversation we’re invited to join. 1. Why do we trust traditional tools compared with AI systems? A. They function in a comprehensible way. B. They are equipped with black boxes. C. They boost our understanding of ourselves. D. They encourage us to make our own choices. 2. What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A. We always consider AI tools imperfect. B. We tend to have higher expectations of AI. C. Current AI tools make mistakes all the time. D. We react sharply to our incorrect decisions. 3. Why does AI make people in some professions feel uneasy? A. Its unfamiliarity with work disturbs them. B. Its existence causes a sense of self-doubt. C. It is bound to take the place of them entirely. D. It makes them less capable and less honest. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. How AI works well. B. Reliance on AI tools. C. AI’s potential issues. D. Why we distrust AI. 06（2025·河北·模拟预测）On October 24, 1975, a historic event took place in Iceland — 90% of its women joined together for a shared “day off” to protest the great unfairness they faced. For many years, they had put up with lower pay than men, common discrimination at work, and people always looking down on the work they did at home. Fed up with being pushed aside, they left their houses and jobs, wanting to show society how important they really were. The strike’s effect was quick and wide-ranging. Daycare centers and schools closed, making men take care of their children — many even brought kids to their offices. Shops, theaters, and important fishing factories stopped working without women employees. In Reykjavík’s main square, 25,000 women got together, holding signs that called for equality. Female politicians stood on stage, encouraging more women to take part in public life. Even though it was officially called a “day off” to get around legal rules against strikes, it was a strong act of protest that shook the whole country. This important day started real changes. Only one year later, Iceland passed an important equal rights law. Five years after that, it made history by electing the world’s first female president chosen through democratic votes. Today, Iceland has been named the world’s most gender-equal country for 16 years in a row. Women hold key positions from prime minister to university leaders, supported by policies like paid time off for parents and rules that require equal pay for the same work. The strike’s inspiration spread beyond Iceland, giving energy to women’s movements in Poland, Spain, and other countries. Fifty years later, while complete gender equality is still something to work toward, the 1975 strike’s influence lives on — it reminds the world that working together can fight unfairness and build a more just future. 1. What did Icelandic women protest in 1975? A. Prejudiced treatment in the work era. B. A shared “day off” for women. C. The lower pay of men. D. Prejudiced treatment in the history. 2. What happened during the 1975 strike? A. Laws changed immediately. B. Women controlled government. C. Men balanced work and kids. D. Factories fired male workers. 3. What followed the strike soon after? A. All jobs preferred women first. B. Female president assumed office. C. Free childcare was offered. D. Unbiased rights law was made. 4. What’s the passage mainly about? A. Iceland women’s equality fight. B. Global women’s strike history. C. Iceland’s female leaders’ deeds. D. Gender rules in workplaces. 07（25-26高三上·浙江杭州·月考）Much has been discussed about how modern lifestyles lead to insufficient sleep, unlike our ancestors who lived in simpler times. However, an analysis of 54 global sleep studies reveals that individuals in small, non-industrial societies actually sleep less than those in more industrialized regions. “Everyone I speak to in Canada and the US complains about poor sleep,” says Leela McKinnon from the University of Toronto Mississauga. “But the data doesn’t support that.” It is commonly believed that the rise of devices like smartphones has resulted in reduced sleep — often referred to as a sleep-loss epidemic. Yet, many studies reporting a decline in sleep duration rely on self-reported data, which is an unreliable measure. Research using more reliable methods, such as activity monitors or brainwave tracking, has not indicated a decrease in sleep over recent decades. For instance, a 2023 review of 168 studies found no significant drop in sleep duration over the past 50 years. However, these studies primarily focused on industrialized nations, leaving the question of whether sleep patterns were different before industrialization unanswered. The availability of wrist-based activity monitors made it easier to study sleep in non-industrial societies. Such studies have revealed short sleep durations. For instance, among hunter-gatherers, the San peoples in southern Africa sleep for 6.7 hours a night on average. McKinnon and her colleague David Samson, also from the University of Toronto Mississauga, have participated in several relevant studies. They compared sleep habits in industrialized nations — like the US and Australia — with those in smaller, non-industrial communities, including local groups in the Amazon, Madagascar, and Tanna Island in the Pacific. Their analysis, the most comprehensive to date, involved direct measurements of sleep in 866 participants aged 18 and older with no serious health issues. They discovered that individuals in non-industrial societies averaged 6.4 hours of sleep, while those in industrial societies averaged 7.1 hours. Additionally, people in non-industrial societies were asleep for 74% of their time in bed, compared to 88% in industrialized areas, a concept known as sleep efficiency. Samson believes that people in industrialized societies sleep longer and better because their environment is more suitable for sleep. “We see that we’ve made some real gains in the safety and security of our sleep sites,” he says, “We no longer need to worry about rival groups or predators at night.” 1. What does Leela McKinnon think of sleep complaints? A. They are overstated by people. B. They are supported by data. C. They are unique to Canada. D. They are caused by smartphones. 2. How did the researchers conduct their research on people’s sleep habits? A. By collecting sleep data of different age groups. B. By interviewing participants about their sleep routines. C. By analyzing health problems of sleep-deficient people. D. By comparing sleep conditions of different societies. 3. Why do people in industrial societies sleep better? A. They sleep less but feel better. B. Their sleep technology is advanced. C. They are more used to short sleep. D. Their sleep environments are safer. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Research challenges beliefs about sleep. B. Technology greatly reduces sleep time. C. Industrialization worsens sleep quality. D. Non-industrial societies sleep better. 08（25-26高三上·江苏南京·期中）In 2022, President Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was designed to speed up the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). It offered 7,500 dollars in tax breaks for new EVs and 4,000 dollars for used ones, and also invested money in charging facilities. “This is about creating a clean energy future and showing American leadership,” Biden said. However, by July 2025, President Trump changed direction. He canceled those terms regarding incentives (奖励性优惠) for consumers and punishments for car companies that didn’t meet emission standards. “We canceled the ridiculous EV requirements that were limiting American choices,” Trump said, putting consumer freedom ahead of government rules. This sudden policy change caused chaos in the industry. Sales of pure EVs stopped growing, with Tesla seeing a 10% decline in the first half of 2025. On the other hand, hybrid (混合的) electric vehicles (HEVs) saw a 40% jump compared to the previous year in May 2025, led by Toyota’s practical, non-plug-in models. “Our plan meets customers’ needs right now without sacrificing convenience,” explained Jack Hollis, the head of Toyota North America. At the same time, the US lost its edge in global competition as Chinese NEV exports increased, taking advantage of the weaknesses in American infrastructure and policy stability. For consumers, the policy rollback made things more expensive and increased their worries. EVs became more costly without tax breaks, and there were still few charging stations outside cities. “Why waste hours looking for a charger when I can fill up my hybrid in five minutes?” a resident from the Midwest asked, pointing out the ongoing problem of “range anxiety”. Trust also decreased as policies kept changing, making buyers reluctant to buy EVs. The future is still unclear. While some states continue to offer support, the federal government’s withdrawal undermines (削弱) the ability to build a competitive clean transportation industry and the progress in reducing carbon emissions could be cut in half. 1. Which is true about Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in 2022? A. It was intended to create a new kind of clean energy. B. It offered tax breaks to new EVs instead of used ones. C. It ignored the construction of more charging facilities. D. It punished car companies not meeting emission standards. 2. What is Trump’s attitude towards Biden’s IRA? A. Dismissive. B. Objective. C. Favorable. D. Reserved. 3. What can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Toyota benefited most from the new policy. B. Range anxiety had no effect on buyers’ desire. C. The policy change weakened the global EV market. D. Policy instability harmed US’s edge in EV industry. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. A global competition in the EV industry. B. The impact of American EV policy shift. C. The obstacles of clean energy transition. D. Buyers’ response to the US new EV policy. 试卷第20页，共20页 试卷第19页，共20页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $