第08期二轮专题 专题05 态度推断题和经典书评题-2026届新高三英语提分培优通关练

第07期 二轮复习微专题 专题05 阅读理解说明文态度推断题和经典书评题 原卷版 技能专区：洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货，培优补弱助手 高考真题说明文考点解读 2022-2026高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 典型题 2026浙江1月卷C 349+93 人与社会 人们难以识别虚假评价原因及对策 30推理判断题 2026浙江1月卷D 315+111 人与自然 AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 35推理判断题 2025全国一卷D 331+135 人与自然 减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 32写作手法题 2024新课标I卷D 364+122 人与自然 引导公民们科学记录生物多样性 35建议推断题 2024浙江1月卷C 320+142 人与自然 人工降雨公司推出“冰雹计划”研究 28推理判断题 2024浙江1月卷D 338+149 人与社会 棉花糖测试抵制精神“垃圾食品”诱惑 35标题概括题 2023新课标I卷C 322+107 人与社会 倡导人们过数字极简主义生活方式 29猜测词义题 2023新课标I卷D 338+112 人与社会 介绍“群体智慧”效应的原理以及应用 31推理判断题 2023浙江1月卷C 314+132 人与社会 介绍在辩论中战胜人类的软件程序 27文章大意题 2023浙江1月卷D 318+149 人与自然 新型太阳能农场能够促进农业发展 35标题概括题 2022浙江6月卷B 306+105 人与自我 介绍世界各地“小森林”的兴起情况 25意图推断题 2022浙江6月卷C 302+144 人与自然 研究表明适度的工作会带来成果 29意图推断题 2022浙江1月卷B 354+112 人与自我 介绍一位自营宠物运输方面专家 22猜测词义题 2022浙江1月卷C 284+99 人与社会 讲述蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系 26文体推断题 阅读微技能09：态度推断题 1.命题方式 设问方式以“What is….attitude toward …?”等引出问题，注意把握好询问当事人或者作者立场态度。 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? (2024全国甲卷) 28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument? (2024九省联考卷) 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? (2023新课标I卷) 2.题型解读 类别 高频词汇 乐观支持类 optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的；appreciative感激的 客观中立类 objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类 negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 模棱两可类 ambiguous模棱两可的；unclear不清楚的 3.解题步骤 第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意； 第二：区分不同人物态度。注意区分试题询问的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度； 第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 4. 跟踪训练 　(2024全国甲卷阅读C篇片段)… The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 阅读微技能10：经典书评题 1.书评写作特点 ①简明扼要地开始 在书评的开头，用简单而明了的语言介绍你将要谈论的书籍、作者和主题。你可以在这里提出你的观点，或者引用一些有关书籍的有趣或引人入胜的内容，以激发读者的兴趣。 例：《To Kill a Mockingbird》是 Harper Lee 的一部小说，讲述了一个在 20 世纪 30 年代南部小镇 Maycomb 的男孩 Scout Finch 的成长故事，也是一部对社会不公与种族歧视的深入探讨。 ②分析并阐释图书主题 在书评的核心部分，你可以分析小说的主题，并解释作者想要表达的观点。你可以用引用和实例来支持你的观点，并且对于书中的人物、情节、对话和其他元素，可以展开详细的解释。 例：在小说中，作者 Harper Lee 很好地表达了针对种族歧视与不平等现象的深入思考。她通过以 Scout 和她的家人为中心的故事，在书中不断地探讨这种现象对社会和个人带来的影响。例如，书中描述的一些场景以及托马斯·罗宾逊案件的发生，使得读者能够深入了解与种族歧视相关的问题，以及它们是如何影响当地社会的。 ③摘要和评价 在书评的最后，总结你的观点和评价，看这本书对你的感知有何影响。确保你的结论能够概括你对小说的总体印象，并且可以给读者一个清晰的看法。你可以谈论这本书的可读性、作者的写作风格和故事的深意等方面。 例：总的来说，我认为《To Kill a Mockingbird》是一本值得读的书。作者 Harper Lee 运用了一种深入的，生动的方式将其讲述，让读者深入到其故事中，并深入思考与社会不平等相关的问题。这本书提供了关于种族问题的真切叙述，以及有关社会和个人应如何对抗不公现象的深刻见解。 2.书评类阅读技巧 ①书评会涉及到书目中提到的人名、地名、机构等专有名词，学会去识别定位； ②书评会涉及书目内容、故事情节、人物性格、人物评价等，多用一般现在时； ③尾段多进行客观公正的评论或评价，可以是对书籍作者的写作手法，文中主人公的命运和性格特征的评论，也可以是自己阅读之后学到的道理。 3. 跟踪训练 （2022全国乙卷C篇）In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” 24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains? A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history. C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing. 25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3? A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub. C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships. 26. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising? A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead. C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West. 27. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry. 清北生实战经验反馈区 一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、态度推断题注重“原文定位”和“观点区分”，弄清来龙去脉再判断。 三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 七、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 第一部分：态度推断题专练9篇 01（2026·海南海口·二模）Doctors at a hospital in New York have begun a program that will test whether specially designed pig kidneys (肾) can be used to replace human kidneys. Typically, the organs used for transplantation (移植) are donated by people who passed away but wished to help prolong others’ lives through organ donation. However, the number of patients suffering from kidney disease far exceeds the supply of available kidneys. Right now, just in the United States, roughly 100,000 people are on the waiting list for a kidney transplant. Lately, researchers have turned their attention to pig-to-human transplants. Pigs’ bodies share striking similarities with humans’ in many aspects. Besides, there are many other advantages — including ease of breeding and a rapid growth rate. The human immune (免疫) system rejects non-self tissues, which is the core barrier to cross-species organ transplantation. To deal with it, scientists have experimented with “gene editing” to change pigs’ DNA. They’ve made several changes to it, and even added some things from human DNA. Some kidneys come from pigs with as many as 69 changes to their DNA. Early pig kidney transplants succeeded but only briefly. In 2024, a woman lived with a pig kidney for over four months. Tim Andrews, 67, from New Hampshire, set a new record in October, 2025 by living with a pig kidney for nearly nine months. He is still waiting for a human transplant, but his long success has encouraged many. Now, a company called United Therapeutics has begun a government-approved pig kidney transplant trial. It started with six patients, but could eventually involve 50. The trial’s first transplant was announced in early November 2025, with the successful surgery at NYU Langone Health. Many people have doubts about the trial, thinking it is of little practical use and that its costs are high. However, personally, the pig kidney transplant trial could help scientists answer many questions. It’ll provide new information about the safety — as well as the challenges. It’ll also teach them which gene edits work best. Most importantly, it could help them find ways to help patients live longer with pig transplants. 1. Why is the statistic mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To show the organ donation source. B. To compare transplant success rates. C. To highlight the new trial’s necessity. D. To criticize Americans’ poor health care. 2. Why do researchers conduct gene editing on pig kidneys? A. To make them more fit for use in people. B. To keep them from viruses. C. To copy the features of human kidneys. D. To improve human immunity. 3. What does paragraph 4 try to explain about pig kidney transplants? A. The new trial assumptions. B. The initial achievements. C. The recent patients’ conditions. D. The surgical innovation details. 4. What is the author’s attitude to the trial program? A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Favorable. 02（2026·广西南宁·一模）On the sidewalks of Toronto, Andrew Meades wages a personal war against a colorful enemy: chewing gum (口香糖). Armed with a steam machine, he works to remove the estimated 719 million sticky wads (软块) polluting the city. For him, it’s a mission, not just a job. Yet what burdens him most is the fact that for every piece he removes, many more take its place the next day, making his task feel endless. This stubborn problem has a simple source: modern gum is essentially candy-coated plastic, made from petroleum-based polymers (石油基聚合物) that never truly disappear. The gum industry, valued at billions, once seemed ready for change. Over twenty years ago, facing public pressure, big companies like Wrigley began searching for a biodegradable gum. They invested millions, hiring top scientists to invent a new, eco-friendly gum base. A research team, led by chemist Marc Hillmyer, even succeeded in creating a promising new polymer. However, after years of work, the project went quiet. Wrigley eventually stated that launching such a gum was “off the table”. The economic drive to change a hugely profitable product had simply faded away. Faced with this, Andrew Meades shifted his strategy. Since technology offered no fix, the solution had to be people. His dream now is a public awareness campaign. He imagines cities filled with clear signs and special pink bins for gum, all reminding chewers to “Bin It.” He believes that if consumers start to see gum litter as serious plastic pollution, change will follow. It requires an adjustment in everyone’s attitude. For now, the fight continues. Gum clean-up remains costly and slow, a constant struggle against a “quick crime”. Yet, Meades hasn’t given up. His true goal is to make both the public and the big gum companies see the sticky black spots on the pavement not as harmless, but as a problem everyone must help solve. 1. What is the trouble Andrew Meades faces in his work? A. The shortage of cleaning equipment. B. The estimation of the pollution level. C. The continual littering of gum. D. The harmful effects of polymers. 2. What does the underlined phrase “off the table” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Abandoned. B. Negotiated. C. Undervalued. D. Settled. 3. What was the reason for Meades’s strategy change? A. Scientists faced huge public pressure. B. The new polymer wasn’t eco-friendly. C. Big companies lacked enough funds. D. He couldn’t rely on the gum industry. 4. What is Meades’s current belief about solving gum pollution? A. Changing public attitudes. B. Making anti-littering laws. C. Bettering clean-up methods. D. Applying a new gum technology. 03（2026·四川遂宁·一模）Global CO₂ emissions (排放) from fossil fuels hit a record high in 2025, increasing 1.1 percent over 2024, according to a study highlighted at the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference, or COP30, in Brazil’s Amazonian city of Belem. According to The Global Carbon Budget 2025 report, fossil CO₂ emissions has reached 38.1 billion tons in 2025, because growth in global energy demand continues to outpace (超过) the production of renewable energy. The report also warns that the goal of slowing global warming to 1.5℃is currently out of reach. In addition, natural systems like oceans and forests, which normally absorb CO₂ from the air, are becoming less effective because of the changes in our climate. Pierre Friedlingstein, a professor at the University of Exeter told, “The remaining carbon budget for 1.5℃, 170 billion tons of CO₂, will be gone before 2030 at the current emission rate. We estimate that climate change is now reducing the combined land and ocean sinks — a clear signal from Planet Earth that we need to dramatically reduce emissions.” Efforts to tackle climate change are visible with 35 nations successfully reducing their emissions while maintaining economic growth, but researchers stress that these efforts are not enough. For instance, Corinne Le Quere from the University of East Anglia noted that the progress is too fragile to bring about the sustained global emission reductions required. The growing impact of climate change on carbon storage is particularly alarming and emphasizes the need for immediate, decisive action. The insufficient CO₂ reduction has already triggered a series of problems, such as the increase of heat-related deaths. In response, Brazil presented its first global climate adaptation plan centered on health at the COP30 on Thursday. Brazil proposes concrete measures to strengthen healthcare systems against the impact of climate change, with special attention to the most delicate parts of the population. 1. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs? A. Renewable energy has outpaced demand. B. Global CO₂reduction faces challenges. C. Global warming will go far beyond 1.5℃. D. Natural systems are absorbing CO₂ better. 2. What is Professor Corinne Le Quere’s attitude to current global efforts to reduce CO₂ emissions? A. Unsatisfied. B. Appreciative. C. Neutral. D. Acceptable. 3. What is the focus of Brazil’s proposal at COP30? A. Reducing the impact of climate change globally. B. Bettering healthcare especially for delicate people. C. Presenting rising threats to global healthcare systems. D. Strengthening climate adaptation for economic growth. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To assess global climate efforts. B. To present the latest carbon data. C. To urge immediate climate action. D. To explain how nature absorb CO₂. 04（25-26高三上·辽宁·期末）Researchers from the University of Western Australia recently studied 3,000 middle and high school students. Among them were 618 teenagers with one parent who lived away from home for long periods of time because of work. The researchers wanted to know how the work of these “fly-in, fly-out” parents might affect the health of their children. A higher percentage of teenagers who experienced the long-term absence of a parent had more emotional or behavioral problems than those whose parents worked more traditional hours. This supports earlier research that found teenagers were likely to feel anxious even annoyed when they often returned to an empty and quiet house after school so that they even had no interest in playing games. Findings also suggest that parents don’t have to be home all the time, but it helps to be home at certain times. And the best parental presence for a teenager may sometimes be like a potted (盆栽的) plant, which means keeping their company in silence. Many parents of teenagers have known this to be true and find ways to be present without trying to start a conversation. One friend of mine quietly does housework each evening in the sitting room where her teenagers watch TV. They enjoy each other’s company without the need to talk. Another friend usually accepts his daughter’s invitation to work or read nearby while she sits and does her homework. Perhaps, that, at least for some families, is the best way for a teenager and their parents to stay close and their methods of company won my likes. In fact, many years of research suggests that children use their parents as a safe base from which to explore the world. Studies tell us that young children, like babies, feel most at ease when their parents are still around. They don’t want to stay away from parents who allow them freedom. A new school year is at hand, so as parents, we could offer our teenagers a “potted flower” as a gift, whose quiet and steady presence will give them a great day. 1. What did the researchers find out in the study of the 3,000 students? A. How many of them lived without parents. B. How parents’ absence influenced them. C. What jobs their parents liked doing. D. Whether they helped do housework. 2. What might be the outcome for the kids with parents’ long-term absence? A. Being more responsible. B. Getting used to quietness. C. Suffering from awful feelings. D. Being addicted to game plays. 3. Who can be called “potted plant” parents? A. Those giving their kids much freedom. B. Those asking their kids to follow rules. C. Those always accompanying their kids. D. Those silently staying close to their kids. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards his friends’ ways of accompanying their kids? A. Approving. B. Critical. C. Suspicious. D. Neutral. 05（25-26高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）It’s getting harder for many people to afford to see their favorite artists in concert as the industry grows more unstable. Fortunately, one festival in Phoenix wants to do something different. A family-run construction company, Wespac, has made the M3F Festival a way to give back to the community. John Largay, the founder of the company, figured that if he was going to ask people to donate money for the community, he’d need to give them something in return. “A party with music makes sense,” he said. “We call it the ‘3 Cs’: Community, Culture, and Charity. The festival embraces all of the elements.” This year, on March 1st-2nd, the M3F Festival was held outdoors in a vast open area, creating a thrilling and vibrant atmosphere. The festival boasts superb bands and singers, each bringing their unique styles to the stage. The tickets, priced from $99 to $220, offered a gateway to an unforgettable experience. Contrary to other music festivals, M3F is a registered nonprofit that gives away every dollar it earns to charitable causes. Since its launch in 2004, $4.4 million has been donated. The community collaborations upon which the M3F Festival is founded are more meaningful this year, with the M3F Fund further improved. It opens up funding to the public, allowing nonprofits to apply directly by submitting detailed plans for funding and its impact on the community. “Over the past two decades, we’ve cultivated partnerships with numerous charities,” explained Rachel Blanchard, M3F Festival’s manager. “We’ve evolved from supporting four charities initially to collaborating with over 35 diverse charity partners today.” This year’s allocations include projects in four categories: arts, environment, community, and education. Whether it’s providing over 100,000 meals to people in need or providing workforce training and education for the youth, ticket sales have direct impacts on the greater community. Ultimately, festival organizers, community partners, and attendees are eager to be a part of another year of good music and good actions. “The amazing support from our audience shows the strength of our shared values, and we anticipate the fruits of our continued efforts as we strive to build a community that treasures music and meaningful social impact,” Blanchard said. 1. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The reason for starting the M3F Festival. B. Types of charities supported by the M3F Festival. C. The role of the M3F Festival in the local economy. D. The M3F Festival’s growth and charity partnerships. 2. Why is the M3F Festival special according to paragraph 3? A. All events take place outdoors to reduce costs. B. It is affordable for most people in Phoenix. C. It is the largest music festival in Phoenix. D. All the money it gains goes to charity. 3. How does the M3F Fund strengthen the festival’s community impact this year? A. By making its funding more accessible. B. By expanding the festival to more cities. C. By inviting more local artists to perform D. By lowering ticket prices for all attendees. 4. What is Blanchard’s attitude toward the festival’s future? A. Cautious. B. Dismissive. C. Optimistic. D. Neutral. 06（25-26高三上·安徽·月考）“Men are from Mars, women from Venus” has become a convenient shorthand for every household debate, from map-reading to loading the dishwasher. Yet beneath the jokes lies a serious question: are the two sexes born with fundamentally different wiring, or have we simply repeated the story until it feels true? Two high-profile sets of scans appear to offer hard proof of a difference. British psychologist Stuart Ritchie reported in 2012 that male brains are, on average, roughly one-tenth heavier than female brains and contain more white-matter. Three years later, Israeli neuroscientist (神经学家) Daphna Joel added that typical “his” or “her” circuits can’t be detected with advanced software, even though every head ultimately contains a mix of both — like shades that vary but never perfectly match passport sex. Lise Eliot, a neuroscientist at Chicago Medical School, believes such headlines are too dramatic. After re-analyzing thousands of images collected across six countries, she calls the brain “a unisex (不分性别的) organ”. The numeric gap between group averages, she insists, is no wider than the difference between male and female kidneys, and the figures fail to predict how the organ actually processes algebra, empathy (同理心) or parking instructions. Put simply, size decides nothing. If body structure is not the real boss, what is? Social experience, argues The Atlantic Classic papers loved eye-catching numbers: a 1970 survey’ showed boys beating girls thirteen-to-one on the mathematics SAT, a figure once highlighted by former Harvard president Lawrence Summers as proof of natural male scientific talent. When later student groups offered girls equal laboratory hours, encouraged female teachers and rewrote textbooks to include more real-world problems, the ratio fell to three-to-one, suggesting that opportunity, not body part, writes most of the scoreboard. Margaret McCarthy, a neuropharmacologist at the University of Maryland, applauds Eliot for “forcing the debate forward”. She also notes that wiping out every sex difference would sound an extreme note. Equal, she reminds us, is not identical; biology may still whisper where society shouts. 1. Why does the author present the findings of Ritchie and Joel? A. To correct statistical errors in psychology. B. To stress the risk of single-country data sets. C. To explain boys’ bad habits in reading maps. D. To provide scan evidence of sex differences. 2. What is implied by Eliot’s re-analysis of brain volume? A. Brain size can somehow decide sex rules. B. Males do well in tackling complex tasks. C. Generation gaps outrun between-sex gaps. D. It cannot tell how a person will think or act. 3. What can we infer from the falling math score gap after 1970? A. Equal chances narrow the score gap. B. Boys are now losing interest in STEM. C. Standardized tests are no longer trusted. D. Biology still limits girls’ physics scores. 4. What might be McCarthy’s attitude to erasing sex differences? A. Favorable. B. Disapproving. C. Unclear. D. Indifferent. 07（2025·陕西·模拟预测）Crowd scenes present a particular technological challenge for AI image creation — especially video. “You’re managing so many complicated details,” said Janae Jane, an expert on AI image creation. “You have each individual human being in the crowd. They’re all moving independently and have unique features.” But the latest AI video generation models such as Google’s Veo 3 and OpenAI’s Sora 2 are getting pretty good. “We’re moving into a world where in a generous time estimate of a year, the lines of reality are going to get really unclear,” Janae said. “And checking a crowd scene’s authenticity (真实性) in a video — whether it is real or not — is going to almost have to become like a practice.” A report from the global marketing firm Capgemini shows nearly three quarters of images shared on social media last year were generated using AI. With the technology becoming increasingly good at creating convincing crowd scenes, it’s especially easy to trick people into believing a fake (假的) crowd scene is real or a real crowd scene is false because of how the images are delivered. The challenge is that average people are watching content on a small screen, and they are not critical of what they see and hear. If it looks real, it is real. “The more realistic and believable the results we create are, the more options it gives people for creative expression,” said scientist Oliver Wang. “But misinformation is something that we do take very seriously. So we are stamping all the images that we generate with a visible watermark and an invisible watermark.” However, the visible watermark currently displayed on videos created by using Google’s Veo 3 is tiny and easy to miss, hidden in the corner of the screen. (Invisible watermarks, like Google’s SynthID, are not visible to regular users’ eyes; they help tech companies monitor AI content behind the scenes.) And AI labeling systems are still being applied rather unevenly across platforms. There are as yet no industry-wide standards, though companies said they are motivated to develop them. 1. Which statement may Janae agree with? A. AI boosts videos’ shooting technology. B. Reality and AI videos will soon mix up. C. Crowd scenes and AI are integrated well. D. AI video models focus on crowd scenes. 2. What is the public’s attitude to the authenticity of crowd scenes in a video? A. Doubtful. B. Picky. C. Carefree. D. Dismissive. 3. What can be inferred about AI labeling systems? A. They need to be polished quickly. B. They are not necessarily worth using. C. They are not applied sufficiently. D. They can make videos more creative. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. AI Is Getting Better at Faking Crowds B. AI Videos Bring Both Benefits and Risks C. Crowd scenes Present AI’s Weaknesses D. Watermarks Are Solving AI’s fake problems 08（25-26高三上·陕西咸阳·月考）The Robbers Cave Experiment was part of a series of studies conducted by social psychologist Muzafer Sherif and his workmates in the 1940s and 1950s. The researchers divided boys at a summer camp into two groups, and they studied how conflict developed between them. They also investigated what did and didn’t work to reduce group conflict. The boys were left in the dark about the experiment. In the 1954 study, boys who were approximately 11-12 years old thought that they were participating in a typical summer camp, which took place at Robbers Cave State Park. However, the campers’ parents knew that their children were actually participating in a research study. The boys arrived at the camp in two separate groups: for the first part of the study, they spent time with members of their own group, without knowing that the other group existed. The groups chose names, the Eagles and the Rattlers. After a short period of time, the boys became aware of the existence of the other group and began to speak negatively about the other group. Then the researchers arranged a competitive tournament between the groups, consisting of games such as baseball and tug-of-war and the relationship between the two groups quickly became tense. The campers rated their own group more positively than the rival (对立) group. To determine the factors that could reduce group conflict, the researchers first brought the campers together for fun activities such as having a meal or watching a movie together. However, this didn’t work to reduce conflict. Next, Sherif and his workmates tried having the two groups work on common goals. For example, the camp’s water supply was cut off purposely by the researchers, and the Eagles and the Rattlers worked together to fix the problem. Working on shared goals eventually reduced conflict and friendships began to form with members of the other group. In the end, some of the campers requested that everyone from both groups take the bus home together, and one group bought drinks for the other group. 1. What is the study’s purpose? A. To test group spirit B. To study group conflict. C. To observe children’s behavior. D. To research summer camp activities. 2. What does the experiment imply about society? A. Isolation promotes unity. B. Cooperation builds bridges. C. Competition drives progress. D. Independence ensures success. 3. How does the author prove the point? A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By quoting sayings. D. By presenting statistics. 4. What’s the author’s attitude to the study? A. Critical. B. Doubtful. C. Objective. D. Supportive. 09（25-26高三上·湖南·月考）On a cold Colorado morning, Tera and her pet dog, Odin, waited inside the Sister Mary Alice Murphy Center for Hope. They were here to see veterinarian (兽医) Dr. Jon Geller,who provides free veterinary care through the Street Dog Coalition, a nonprofit serving pets of homeless individuals. In a make shift exam room, Geller checked Odin’s ears, heart, teeth and belly. The 11-month-old puppy received vaccinations for rabies(狂犬病), parvovirus and distemper, along with a deworming pill. Tera and her family, including Odin, recently moved from Texas and have been staying at a homeless shelter. Odin was kicked out for supposedly being aggressive, but Tera said this was not true and Geller didn't see any proof of it. Consequently, Odin had to sleep in their car in near-zero temperatures. To Tera, Odin is family — a companion and protector. She relies on him for mobility due to severe back pain, and he wakes her up at night when she occasionally stops breathing.“Without him, I fear I could not go on living,” Tera says. Geller estimates about 10% of Fort Collins’ 330-plus homeless population have pets — roughly 33 animals locally, compared to tens of thousands nationwide. While public opinion on helping the homeless is: divided, Geller notes broad support for their pets, which offer emotional support, protection and purpose. “Pets give them a reason to live,” he explains. Despite criticism about homeless individuals caring for animals, Geller emphasizes their sacrifices: Many prioritize feeding their pets over themselves and forfeit access to shelters and transportation. The most common breeds of street dogs are pit bulls and Chihuahuas. Pit bulls are often seen as outcasts, while Chihuahuas are known for being very loyal. The Street Dog Coalition, initially self-funded, now holds nonprofit status and relies on volunteers, including Colorado State University vet students, and donations. Services focus on “street medicine” — preventive care like vaccines and parasite treatment. The organization has expanded to six states, with plans to reach more high-need cities. 1. Why did Geller meet with Tera? A. To provide veterinary care for her dog. B. To teach her to care for homeless dogs. C. To treat homeless individuals for rabies. D. To set up a non-profit organization for pets. 2. How does Tera feel about Odin? A. Fearful. B. Envious. C. Indifferent. D. Grateful. 3. What is Geller’s attitude to the homeless people’s adopting pets? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Flexible. D. Critical. 4. Which can explain the underlined word “forfeit” in paragraph 5? A. Remember. B. Find. C. Lose. D. Consult. 第二部分：经典书评题专练10篇 01（25-26高三上·河南·月考）The unfortunate thing about parenting books is that, in my experience, once you become a parent you are too time-poor and tired to read them. As a result, my bedside table is filled with parenting books of which I’ve read the first five pages a dozen times before passing out. If this sounds like you, the latest book by Melinda Wenner Moyer should be top of your list. Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times is designed as a research-backed guide to help parents equip their children with the tools they need to succeed. The chapters of this book are short and readable, broken down into bite-sized sections, each giving you one piece of advice and the science to back it up. Moyer shows a lot of understanding and can help you take a kid’s-eye view on even their most annoying behaviors. How can we get children to be more open, fair-minded and willing to consider other viewpoints? One way is to encourage curiosity and uncertainty from a young age. Children, as we know, are like young scientists. “One of their most important jobs is to make sense of the world around them,” writes Moyer. This curiosity can often conflict with an adult’s desire to get things done. “When you ask your children to clean their room, then find them thirty minutes later studying an insect in the bathroom…it’s easy to dismiss their behavior as disobedience (不服从).” Their seemingly distracted (分心的) behavior is actually a natural part of their learning process. Parents should respond with empathy (同理心) and support rather than criticism. The book also addresses important issues like the impact of technology on children. Moyer challenges common misconceptions and provides practical advice on when and how to introduce mobile phones and social media to kids. Her insights help parents deal with these complex topics with a balanced and informed opinion. 1. Why do many parents fail to finish reading parenting books? A. They lack time and energy. B. They lose interest in reading. C. They find the books to be of poor quality. D. They prioritize practical tasks over reading. 2. What is the feature of Hello, Cruel World!? A. Theoretical. B. Science-backed. C. Complicated. D. Experience-based. 3. What should parents do when their children are studying an insect? A. Dismiss their behaviors. B. Correct their distraction. C. Encourage their curiosity. D. Ask them to follow instructions. 4. What is this text? A. A book review. B. A writing guide. C. A parenting paper. D. A science report. 02（24-25高三上·辽宁沈阳·月考）“Why does grandpa have ear hair?“ Just a few years ago my child was so curious to know “why” and “how” that we had to cut off her questions five minutes before bedtime. Now a soon-to-be fourth grader, she says that she dislikes school because “it’s not fun to learn.” I am shocked. As a scientist and parent, I have done everything I can to promote a love of learning in my children. Where did I go wrong? My child’s experience is not unique. Developmental psychologist Susan Engel notes that curiosity defined as “spontaneous (自发的)” investigation and eagerness for new information drops dramatically in children by the fourth grade. In Wonder: Childhood and the Lifelong Love of Science, Yale psychologist Frank C. Keil details the development of wonder―a spontaneous passion to explore, discover, and understand. He takes us on a journey from its early development, when wonder drives common sense and scientific reasoning, through the drop-off in wonder that often occurs, to the trap of life in a society that devalues wonder. As Keil notes, children are particularly rich in wonder while they are rapidly developing causal mechanisms (因果机制) in the preschool and early elementary school years. They are sensitive to the others’ knowledge and goals, and they expertly use their desire for questioning. Children’s questions, particularly those about “why” and “how” support the development of causal mechanisms which can be used to help their day-to-day reasoning. Unfortunately, as Keil notes, ”adults greatly underestimate young children’s causal mechanisms.” In the book, Wonder, Keil shows that we can support children’s ongoing wonder by playing games with them as partners, encouraging question-asking, and focusing on their abilities to reason and conclude. A decline in wonder is not unavoidable. Keil reminds us that we can accept wonder as a desirable positive quality that exists in everyone. I value wonder deeply, and Wonder has given me hope by proposing a future for my children that will remain wonder-full. 1. What is a common problem among fourth graders? A. They upset their parents too often. B. They ask too many strange questions. C. Their desire to learn declines sharply. D. Their love for fun disappears quickly. 2. Which is true about the “causal mechanisms” in Para. 4? A. They usually control children’s sensitivity. B. They slightly change in early childhood. C. They hardly support children’s reasoning. D. They improve through children’s questioning. 3. How can parents support children’s wonder according to Keil? A. By welcoming inquiring minds. B. By overestimating their abilities. C. By monitoring all of their games. D. By providing timely conclusions. 4. What is the text? A. A children’s story. B. A news report. C. A research paper. D. A book review. 03（24-25高三下·甘肃金昌·期中）I wish I had this book Hands-on Palaeontology (古生物学): a Practical Manual (手册) when I was starting out collecting fossils (化石). It has everything and more you need to take your hobby to a better and more advanced place. I probably won’t ever keep records and take notes as much as the readable book suggests. But if I had read it when I was a teenager, I might have done it. In fact, there are many books on palaeontology, which are aimed at amateur, undergraduates and those dreaming of pursuing an academic career in the science. The most common of these are the many and often excellent guides to fossil identification, from the general, basic texts on fossil variety to the specific. However, this is not such a book, because, as the author Stephen K Donovan points out, there is more to palaeontology than putting a name on a fossil, no matter how important that may be. Rather, as the title makes clear, this is a “practical manual”, covering the diverse features of the science. It is organized into 53 chapters, with each concentrating on one aspect of palaeontology as viewed with the geologist’s trained eye-with plenty of the author’s experience thrown in to illustrate the points being made. And each chapter is only a few pages long. So, while the book can be read from cover-to-cover, it can also be consulted when an answer to a specific question is needed. Therefore, the aim of the book is to help developing palaeontologists move their skills on to the next level, but also remind those who are a bit longer in the tooth (like me) what they ought to be doing and how to do it. His words in the comprehensive manual are kind and welcome. 1. What was the author’s previous approach to fossil collecting? A. He relied on memory. B. He kept detailed records. C. He followed the book’s suggestions. D. He collected fossils without recording. 2. What is a feature of the book Hands-on Palaeontology? A. It is organized into many short chapters. B. It focuses mainly on fossil identification. C. It’s written in a very academic and complex style. D. It’s meant not for professional palaeontologists but beginners. 3. What is the main purpose of the book Hands-on Palaeontology? A. To introduce the history of palaeontology. B. To encourage people to pursue a career in palaeontology. C. To provide a comprehensive guide to fossil identification. D. To offer advanced skills and practical advice in palaeontology. 4. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A diary entry. D. A practical manual. 04（2025·贵州贵阳·三模）Climbing Qomolangma used to be a test of bravery, endurance and skill. In the 4 years after Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgafirst reached the summit in 1953, an average of 12 people a year followed in their footsteps. What was once an “almost certainly deadly attempt” is “the new ironman triathlon”, argues Will Cockrell, a journalist, in Everest, Inc, a fascinating new book. High-tech equipment and better understanding of the physiological (生理的) impact of high altitudes have brought new hopefuls to Qomolangma. But the biggest reason for the rising number of Qomolangma conquerors is the establishment of a professional guiding industry. For an incredible fee, between $35,000 and $110,000, experienced climbers will put inexperienced climbers on top of the world. As with many extreme sports, Qomolangma offers a test. Amateurs want to know if they can achieve something physically and mentally demanding. People underestimate the risk of the adventure, which helps explain why interest in climbing Qomolangma increases after deaths are reported. In this book Everest, Inc, the guiding industry exists to a large extent because of an inexperienced but passionate character called Dickbass, who had the crazy idea of climbing the highest mountains on all seven continents. He bought his way onto three different Qomolangma adventures and, in 1985, aged 55, he became both the oldest and least experienced climber to reach the summit. The sight of an average Joe on top of the world generated a media enthusiasm and the establishment of companies that could cater to the new demand for tours. Everest, Inc ends on a confusing note. More people are reaching the summit, but more are dying halfway, too: 18 people died in 2023, the highest-ever number. Mr. Cockrell argues that there was no negligence (疏忽) on the part of the guiding firms. He suggests that Nepali guides consider themselves in the logistics business (后勤) and generally leave decisions of safety to clients. But amateur climbers make bad choices. The disaster in 1996 showed that even guides get these decisions wrong. Experts know more than ever about how to navigate Qomolangma safely. But that does not make it a safe place. 1. What mainly accounts for more Qomolangma climbers? A. Reduced travel cost. B. Physiological benefit. C. High-tech equipment. D. Professional guidance. 2. What was the influence of Dickbass’s adventures? A. The rise of an industry. B. The demand for tourism. C. The development of media. D. The call for climbing safety. 3. What does Mr. Cockrell probably agree with? A. Guiding firms are to blame for the death of climbers. B. The guides should make right decisions for climbers. C. Climbing Qomolangma is still a life-threatening attempt. D. Experts should be responsible for the safety of climbers. 4. What is the text type of the passage? A. A research paper. B. A news report. C. A diary entry. D. A book review. 05（24-25高三下·广东·月考）“Hello. You are you and I am I. We are people, also known as humans. This makes us different from most of the things on Earth.” This fairly straightforward observation is the opening page of Like, written by Annie Barrows. It establishes a somewhat odd yet matter-of-fact tone with a young boy addressing the reader. Matters get more unusual — or philosophical (哲学意义的), if you prefer — on the following chapter, which carefully thinks about the ways in which people are different from one specific thing on Earth, “We are not at all like tin cans. We are not shaped like tin cans. We cannot hold tomato sauce like tin cans. If you open up our lids, nothing good happens. We are not at all like tin cans.” The target audience will no doubt be amused, as was I, and perhaps reassured. Like next matches people with the swimming pools, “We are a little bit more like a swimming pool than a tin can. We have water and chemicals and dirt inside us. But unlike a swimming pool we don’t have people splashing around inside us.” Mushrooms, we learn, differ from tin cans and swimming pools by being alive, and by growing and reproducing — human traits, too! Mushrooms, however, don’t have mouths and brains. But wait: Hyenas (鬣狗) have all that. “They run around really fast, like we do ... But hyenas don’t say words. They don’t tell stories. They don’t get embarrassed, even when they’re caught eating something off the ground.” Where to go from there? “Look at all these people,” the text exclaims over the illustration full of people of seemingly every size, shape, color, age and means of mobility. “They are not exactly like us. But they are more like us than they are different.” “I am more like you than I am like most of the things on Earth,” the narrator concludes. “I’m glad. I’d rather be like you than a mushroom” — an appealing and unquestionable understanding. 1. How does the young boy speak to the reader in the beginning? A. He speaks in a humorous style. B. He argues in a philosophical way. C. He says in an odd and formal tone. D. He communicates in a direct manner. 2. According to the passage, which of the following is most like humans? A. Hyenas. B. Tin cans. C. Mushrooms. D. Swimming pools. 3. How is the idea mainly developed in Like? A. By listing facts. B. By making comparisons. C. By analyzing causes and effects. D. By presenting problems and solutions. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An animal encyclopedia. B. A book review. C. A philosophical textbook. D. A story collection. 06（24-25高三上·湖北·期中）A bestseller by Giulia Enders explores the fascinating world of the human digestive system and its profound impact on overall health. One of the key takeaways is the idea that the gut(肠)is not just a digestion machine, but a complex and intelligent organ that influences our immune system, brain function, and emotional well-being. The book explores the gut-brain connection, explaining how the gut communicates with the brain and can influence mood and behavior, highlighting the link between gut health and mental conditions like anxiety and depression. Enders also explains how the gut’s nervous system functions independently of the brain and why it’s often called the “second brain.” Another key point is the impact of diet on gut health. Enders advises incorporating fiber-rich foods, fermented products(like yogurt), and probiotics(good bacteria)into our diet to nourish beneficial gut bacteria. She also warns against the overuse of antibiotics(抗生素), which can upset the balance of gut bacteria and lead to digestive disorders. The book also provides insight into common digestive problems and breaks down how these issues can be managed or prevented by making simple lifestyle changes, like eating slowly and managing stress. Enders explains the digestive process in a simple and engaging way, highlighting the importance of a healthy gut and offers practical advice on supporting its function, such as avoiding overly processed foods and eating mindfully. Enders also touches on the significance of the immune system in the gut, where a large portion of immune cells reside. A healthy gut microbiome(肠道微生物组)can strengthen the immune response, while an imbalanced gut may lead to increased risk to infections and autoimmune diseases. Enders successfully makes the science of the gut accessible and relatable, showing that by understanding how this often-overlooked organ works, we can make informed choices that significantly improve our health and happiness. 1. What does the underlined word “takeaways” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Differences. B. Conclusions. C. Causes. D. Goals. 2. What does the author might agree with? A. An unhealthy gut will definitely lead to immune disorders. B. The gut’s nervous system interrelates with the brain in its function. C. Eating slowly or managing stress helps avoid some digestive problems. D. The more fiber we include in our diet, the healthier our gut will become. 3. Which one can best serve as the title of the book by Giulia Enders? A. Gut Health Is Above Wealth. B. Eat Your Way to Good Health. C. Immune System: A Deciding Factor in Overall Health. D. Gut: The Inside Story of Our Body’s Most Underrated Organ. 4. What is the text? A. A book review. B. A research paper. C. An advertisement for a book. D. A chapter of a book. 07（2024·湖北·三模）Playing with my 5-year-old child, I sometimes wonder: Why are her made-up games so terribly boring? In Learning to Imagine, psychologist Andrew Shtulman thinks it untrue that kids are uncontrolled wellsprings of imagination. On the contrary, the more we learn, the more imaginative we can become, and learning will not hold back imaginative ideas. Kids, he argues, fail to imagine obvious possibilities. To gather evidence for this argument, Shtulman explores mechanisms (机制) for expanding imagination. Without support of others or new tools and technologies, people may reject reasonable ideas out of hand, he maintains. Lord Kelvin, for instance, famously denied the possibility of “heavier-than-air flying machines” less than 10 years before the Wright brothers created one. Abstract principles, like those so influential in science and ethics (伦理学), also boost imagination. Finally, imagination grows through exploring alternative models of the world, as in plays, fiction and so on. Across all of these examples, expanding imagination requires building closely on what people already know. Perhaps counterintuitively (反直觉地), kids relate best to realistic stories. For instance, Walt Disney’s earliest cartoons were disorganized and strange. Only when the cartoons became “reasonably impossible” did they gain mass appeal. Many fictional worlds, from Middle Earth to Hogwarts, rely on reasonable impossibility. Shtulman cleverly and precisely sails this vast, attractive sea. Learning to Imagine never drags or makes me get stuck on professional words. I wish, however, that there had been more focus on what these findings mean. If education does not hinder imagination, how do we develop it? Shtulman advises us to “engage with, and learn from, the collective knowledge of other people”. AI programs like GPT take that approach, educating themselves on massive data sets. “Be like GPT” is not the most heartening message. But while humans cannot learn large amounts of data quickly and easily like AI, human imagination is shared and cooperative. That, at least, is something all of us—5-year-olds and their dads alike-have over the chatbots. 1. What’s the misunderstanding about imagination according to Shtulman? A. It’s an inborn ability. B. It helps broaden the mind. C. Children are full of it. D. Inventions are based on it. 2. What does expanding imagination depend on? A. Known information. B. Realistic principles. C. Gradual exploration. D. Supportable arguments. 3. What does the underlined word “hinder” mean in paragraph 4? A. Improve. B. Prevent. C. Stress. D. Dismiss. 4. What is the text? A. A research report. B. A personal diary. C. A children’s story. D. A book review. 08（25-26高三·湖北·月考）“Hello. You are you and I am I. We are people, also known as humans. This makes us different from most of the things on Earth.” This fairly straightforward observation is the opening spread of Like, written by Annie Barrows. It establishes a somewhat odd yet matter-of-fact tone with a young boy addressing the reader. Matters get more quizzical-or philosophical (哲学意义的), if you prefer — on the following spread, which carefully thinks about the ways in which people are different from one specific thing on Earth, “We are not at all like tin cans. We are not shaped like tin cans. We cannot hold tomato sauce like tin cans. If you open up our lids, nothing good happens. We are not at all like tin cans.” The target audience will no doubt be amused, as was I, and perhaps reassured. Like next matches people with the swimming pools, “We are a little bit more like a swimming pool than a tin can. We have water and chemicals and dirt inside us. But unlike a swimming pool we don’t have people splashing around inside us.” Mushrooms, we learn, differ from tin cans and swimming pools by being alive, and by growing and reproducing-human traits, too! Mushrooms, however, don’t have mouths and brains. But wait: Hyenas have all that. They run around really fast, like we do... But hyenas don’t say words. They don’t tell stories. They don’t get embarrassed, even when they’re caught eating something off the ground. Where to go from there? “Look at all these people, the text exclaims over the illustration full of people of seemingly every size, shape, color, age and means of mobility. They are not exactly like us. But they are more like us than they are different.” “I am more like you than I am like most of the things on Earth, the narrator concludes. I’m glad. I’d rather be like you than a mushroom-an appealing and inarguable understanding.” 1. What does the underlined word “quizzical” mean in the second paragraph? A. Definite. B. Consistent. C. Unusual. D. Ambiguous. 2. According to the passage, which of the following is most like humans? A. Hyenas. B. Tin cans. C. Mushrooms. D. Swimming pools. 3. How is the writer’s idea mainly developed in the passage? A. By describing in details. B. By making comparisons. C. By analyzing causes and effects. D. By presenting problems and solutions. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An animal encyclopedia. B. A story entry. C. A philosophical textbook. D. A book review. 09（2024·广西南宁·二模）In a world filled with things that take our attention away, and ego-driven (自尊心驱使的) ambition, it’s easy to lose sight of what’s truly important. Among the chaos of modern life, humility(谦逊) emerges as a powerful force that, if embraced, can help us navigate challenges, understand ourselves and those around us, and change our true values and purpose. Drawing from personal experiences and reflections, Peter Ash talks about the transformative power of embracing humility as a tool to navigate the challenge, build true confidence, and lead life as our authentic selves. In Humble: Reflections On The Power Of Humility And Its Place In An Ego-Obsessed World, the author Peter Ash puts forward a different perspective on a happy life, by addressing what he considers to be the definition of what humility is, and what it is not. Using his experiences to set a backdrop, Ash’s guidance is designed to intentionally flow between autobiography and reader guidance. The book has ten chapters, covering topics such as making the case for humility, personal ego, and the importance of humility in the digital age and in the workplace. The guidance provided is less around direct bullet points and key takeaways, but more asking the reader to draw general reflections and conclusions. This is done by comparıng and contrasting themselves to the author’s experiences as they progress through the book. The book comes in at just over one hundred pages in length. Ash has a clear and well put together writing style to take readers on that journey to highlight his argument for living a more modest existence. The book is suitable for anyone who wishes to reflect and gain inspiration on how to live a more meaningful life. When terms such as “be kind” and “be humble” are bounced around the Internet with no clear definition, this book could be seen as an interesting story to the chaos of modern life. 1. What do we know about humility? A. It leads us to a deeper understanding of self and others. B. It is the key to achieving our ego-driven ambition. C. It is the most powerful tool for us to overcome difficulties. D. It definitely contributes to success in all aspects of life. 2. What can we learn about the book? A. It provides numerous direct suggestions. B. Its writing style is formal and academic. C. It is based on the author’s childhood experiences. D. Its contents are enlightening and inspiring. 3. Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude toward the book? A. Skeptical. B. Approving. C. Dismissive. D. Ambiguous. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A novel. D. An autobiography. 10（25-26高三上·安徽合肥·月考）You can get a clear picture about Deep Work by Cal Newport in 5 minutes. Deep Work tells us professional activities performed in a state of distraction-free concentration that push your cognitive(认知的)capabilities to their limit. These efforts create new value and improve your skill. The ability to perform deep work is becoming increasingly rare at exactly the same time it is becoming increasingly valuable in our economy. As a consequence, the few who develop the skill, and then make it the core of their working life, will thrive (蓬勃发展). The book tells us the core abilities for thriving in the new economy, which are the ability to quickly master hard things, the ability to produce a high level, in terms of both quality and speed. If you can’t learn, you can’t thrive. If you don’t produce, you won’t thrive—no matter how skilled or talented you are. If you haven’t mastered deep work, you’ll struggle to learn hard things. To learn hard things quickly, you must focus intensely without distraction. The key to developing a deep work habit is to move beyond good intentions and add routines and habits to your working life designed to minimize a state of unbroken concentration. To master the art of deep work, therefore, you must take back control of your time and attention from the many entertainments on the Internet that attempt to steal them. Adopt a tool only if its positive impacts on these factors substantially outweigh its negative impacts. It’s crucial that you figure out in advance what you’ re going to do with your evenings and weekends before they begin. In the end of Deep Work, we can know that the ability to concentrate is a skill that gets valuable things done. If you’ re struggling to use your mind to its fullest capacity to create things that matter, then you’ll discover, as others have before you, that depth generates a life rich with productivity and meaning. 1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Background information. B. Specific examples. C. Positive influence. D. Theoretical introduction. 2. What should you do to thrive in the new economy? A. Cooperate with coworkers. B. Cultivate your skills and talents. C. Keep in the best state at what you do. D. Learn to deal with challenges. 3. Which of the following can develop a habit of deep work? A. Avoiding any distraction. B. Taking advantage of a tool. C. Planning what to do beforehand. D. Forming a simple habit. 4. What is the text? A. A book review. B. An exam paper. C. A news report. D. An economic article. 试卷第2页，共19页 试卷第1页，共19页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第07期 二轮复习微专题 专题05 阅读理解说明文态度推断题和经典书评题 解析版 技能专区：洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货，培优补弱助手 高考真题说明文考点解读 2022-2026高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 典型题 2026浙江1月卷C 349+93 人与社会 人们难以识别虚假评价原因及对策 30推理判断题 2026浙江1月卷D 315+111 人与自然 AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 35推理判断题 2025全国一卷D 331+135 人与自然 减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 32写作手法题 2024新课标I卷D 364+122 人与自然 引导公民们科学记录生物多样性 35建议推断题 2024浙江1月卷C 320+142 人与自然 人工降雨公司推出“冰雹计划”研究 28推理判断题 2024浙江1月卷D 338+149 人与社会 棉花糖测试抵制精神“垃圾食品”诱惑 35标题概括题 2023新课标I卷C 322+107 人与社会 倡导人们过数字极简主义生活方式 29猜测词义题 2023新课标I卷D 338+112 人与社会 介绍“群体智慧”效应的原理以及应用 31推理判断题 2023浙江1月卷C 314+132 人与社会 介绍在辩论中战胜人类的软件程序 27文章大意题 2023浙江1月卷D 318+149 人与自然 新型太阳能农场能够促进农业发展 35标题概括题 2022浙江6月卷B 306+105 人与自我 介绍世界各地“小森林”的兴起情况 25意图推断题 2022浙江6月卷C 302+144 人与自然 研究表明适度的工作会带来成果 29意图推断题 2022浙江1月卷B 354+112 人与自我 介绍一位自营宠物运输方面专家 22猜测词义题 2022浙江1月卷C 284+99 人与社会 讲述蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系 26文体推断题 阅读微技能09：态度推断题 1.命题方式 设问方式以“What is….attitude toward …?”等引出问题，注意把握好询问当事人或者作者立场态度。 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? (2024全国甲卷) 28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument? (2024九省联考卷) 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? (2023新课标I卷) 2.题型解读 类别 高频词汇 乐观支持类 optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的；appreciative感激的 客观中立类 objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类 negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 模棱两可类 ambiguous模棱两可的；unclear不清楚的 3.解题步骤 第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意； 第二：区分不同人物态度。注意区分试题询问的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度； 第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 4. 跟踪训练 　(2024全国甲卷阅读C篇片段)… The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Ducke’s attitude，the Saint Lukas’ services。 第二步：根据关键词定位到最后一段的“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. (“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度。关键词有very impressed, staying focused and very concerned, the best chance for many rural people等。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 阅读微技能10：经典书评题 1.书评写作特点 ①简明扼要地开始 在书评的开头，用简单而明了的语言介绍你将要谈论的书籍、作者和主题。你可以在这里提出你的观点，或者引用一些有关书籍的有趣或引人入胜的内容，以激发读者的兴趣。 例：《To Kill a Mockingbird》是 Harper Lee 的一部小说，讲述了一个在 20 世纪 30 年代南部小镇 Maycomb 的男孩 Scout Finch 的成长故事，也是一部对社会不公与种族歧视的深入探讨。 ②分析并阐释图书主题 在书评的核心部分，你可以分析小说的主题，并解释作者想要表达的观点。你可以用引用和实例来支持你的观点，并且对于书中的人物、情节、对话和其他元素，可以展开详细的解释。 例：在小说中，作者 Harper Lee 很好地表达了针对种族歧视与不平等现象的深入思考。她通过以 Scout 和她的家人为中心的故事，在书中不断地探讨这种现象对社会和个人带来的影响。例如，书中描述的一些场景以及托马斯·罗宾逊案件的发生，使得读者能够深入了解与种族歧视相关的问题，以及它们是如何影响当地社会的。 ③摘要和评价 在书评的最后，总结你的观点和评价，看这本书对你的感知有何影响。确保你的结论能够概括你对小说的总体印象，并且可以给读者一个清晰的看法。你可以谈论这本书的可读性、作者的写作风格和故事的深意等方面。 例：总的来说，我认为《To Kill a Mockingbird》是一本值得读的书。作者 Harper Lee 运用了一种深入的，生动的方式将其讲述，让读者深入到其故事中，并深入思考与社会不平等相关的问题。这本书提供了关于种族问题的真切叙述，以及有关社会和个人应如何对抗不公现象的深刻见解。 2.书评类阅读技巧 ①书评会涉及到书目中提到的人名、地名、机构等专有名词，学会去识别定位； ②书评会涉及书目内容、故事情节、人物性格、人物评价等，多用一般现在时； ③尾段多进行客观公正的评论或评价，可以是对书籍作者的写作手法，文中主人公的命运和性格特征的评论，也可以是自己阅读之后学到的道理。 3. 跟踪训练 （2022全国乙卷C篇）In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” 24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains? A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history. C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing. 25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3? A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub. C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships. 26. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising? A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead. C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West. 27. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry. 24-27 ADCB 【解题导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。 24. A。细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A。 25. D。推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。 26. C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C。 27. B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B。 清北生实战经验反馈区 一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、态度推断题注重“原文定位”和“观点区分”，弄清来龙去脉再判断。 三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 七、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 第一部分：态度推断题专练9篇 01（2026·海南海口·二模）Doctors at a hospital in New York have begun a program that will test whether specially designed pig kidneys (肾) can be used to replace human kidneys. Typically, the organs used for transplantation (移植) are donated by people who passed away but wished to help prolong others’ lives through organ donation. However, the number of patients suffering from kidney disease far exceeds the supply of available kidneys. Right now, just in the United States, roughly 100,000 people are on the waiting list for a kidney transplant. Lately, researchers have turned their attention to pig-to-human transplants. Pigs’ bodies share striking similarities with humans’ in many aspects. Besides, there are many other advantages — including ease of breeding and a rapid growth rate. The human immune (免疫) system rejects non-self tissues, which is the core barrier to cross-species organ transplantation. To deal with it, scientists have experimented with “gene editing” to change pigs’ DNA. They’ve made several changes to it, and even added some things from human DNA. Some kidneys come from pigs with as many as 69 changes to their DNA. Early pig kidney transplants succeeded but only briefly. In 2024, a woman lived with a pig kidney for over four months. Tim Andrews, 67, from New Hampshire, set a new record in October, 2025 by living with a pig kidney for nearly nine months. He is still waiting for a human transplant, but his long success has encouraged many. Now, a company called United Therapeutics has begun a government-approved pig kidney transplant trial. It started with six patients, but could eventually involve 50. The trial’s first transplant was announced in early November 2025, with the successful surgery at NYU Langone Health. Many people have doubts about the trial, thinking it is of little practical use and that its costs are high. However, personally, the pig kidney transplant trial could help scientists answer many questions. It’ll provide new information about the safety — as well as the challenges. It’ll also teach them which gene edits work best. Most importantly, it could help them find ways to help patients live longer with pig transplants. 1. Why is the statistic mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To show the organ donation source. B. To compare transplant success rates. C. To highlight the new trial’s necessity. D. To criticize Americans’ poor health care. 2. Why do researchers conduct gene editing on pig kidneys? A. To make them more fit for use in people. B. To keep them from viruses. C. To copy the features of human kidneys. D. To improve human immunity. 3. What does paragraph 4 try to explain about pig kidney transplants? A. The new trial assumptions. B. The initial achievements. C. The recent patients’ conditions. D. The surgical innovation details. 4. What is the author’s attitude to the trial program? A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Favorable. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因人类肾脏供体短缺，美国医生开展猪肾移植试验。通过基因编辑解决排异反应，已有患者生存近九个月。尽管面临质疑，该试验有望延长患者生命并推动医学发展。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Typically, the organs used for transplantation (移植) are donated by people who passed away but wished to help prolong others’ lives through organ donation. However, the number of patients suffering from kidney disease far exceeds the supply of available kidneys. Right now, just in the United States, roughly 100,000 people are on the waiting list for a kidney transplant.(通常情况下，用于移植的器官是由那些去世但希望通过器官捐献来帮助他人延长生命的人所提供的。然而，患有肾病的患者数量远远超过了可用肾脏的数量。目前，仅在美国，就有大约10万人在等待肾移植的名单上)”可推知，第二段提到的数据是为了突出这个新试验的必要性，因为肾脏供不应求，所以需要探索新的肾脏来源。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The human immune (免疫) system rejects non-self tissues, which is the core barrier to cross-species organ transplantation. To deal with it, scientists have experimented with “gene editing” to change pigs’ DNA. They’ve made several changes to it, and even added some things from human DNA.(人体免疫系统会排斥非自身组织，这是进行跨物种器官移植的首要障碍。为解决这一问题，科学家们尝试通过“基因编辑”来改变猪的DNA。他们对其进行了多项修改，甚至还添加了一些来自人类DNA的元素)”可知，研究人员对猪的肾脏进行基因编辑是为了使它们更适合用于人类使用。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Early pig kidney transplants succeeded but only briefly. In 2024, a woman lived with a pig kidney for over four months. Tim Andrews, 67, from New Hampshire, set a new record in October, 2025 by living with a pig kidney for nearly nine months.(早期的猪肾移植取得了成功，但只是短暂的。2024年，有一位女性成功接受了猪肾移植，并且存活了超过四个月。67岁的蒂姆·安德鲁斯来自新罕布什尔州，他在2025年10月创造了新的纪录，成功地将猪肾植入体内并存活了近九个月)”可推知，第四段试图解释猪肾脏移植的初步成果。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, personally, the pig kidney transplant trial could help scientists answer many questions. It’ll provide new information about the safety — as well as the challenges. It’ll also teach them which gene edits work best. Most importantly, it could help them find ways to help patients live longer with pig transplants.(然而，就我个人而言，猪肾脏移植试验能够帮助科学家解答许多问题。它将为安全性（以及面临的挑战）提供新的信息。它还将帮助他们确定哪些基因编辑方法效果最佳。最重要的是，它能够帮助他们找到通过猪器官移植延长患者寿命的方法)”可推知，作者对试验项目持支持的态度。故选D。 02（2026·广西南宁·一模）On the sidewalks of Toronto, Andrew Meades wages a personal war against a colorful enemy: chewing gum (口香糖). Armed with a steam machine, he works to remove the estimated 719 million sticky wads (软块) polluting the city. For him, it’s a mission, not just a job. Yet what burdens him most is the fact that for every piece he removes, many more take its place the next day, making his task feel endless. This stubborn problem has a simple source: modern gum is essentially candy-coated plastic, made from petroleum-based polymers (石油基聚合物) that never truly disappear. The gum industry, valued at billions, once seemed ready for change. Over twenty years ago, facing public pressure, big companies like Wrigley began searching for a biodegradable gum. They invested millions, hiring top scientists to invent a new, eco-friendly gum base. A research team, led by chemist Marc Hillmyer, even succeeded in creating a promising new polymer. However, after years of work, the project went quiet. Wrigley eventually stated that launching such a gum was “off the table”. The economic drive to change a hugely profitable product had simply faded away. Faced with this, Andrew Meades shifted his strategy. Since technology offered no fix, the solution had to be people. His dream now is a public awareness campaign. He imagines cities filled with clear signs and special pink bins for gum, all reminding chewers to “Bin It.” He believes that if consumers start to see gum litter as serious plastic pollution, change will follow. It requires an adjustment in everyone’s attitude. For now, the fight continues. Gum clean-up remains costly and slow, a constant struggle against a “quick crime”. Yet, Meades hasn’t given up. His true goal is to make both the public and the big gum companies see the sticky black spots on the pavement not as harmless, but as a problem everyone must help solve. 1. What is the trouble Andrew Meades faces in his work? A. The shortage of cleaning equipment. B. The estimation of the pollution level. C. The continual littering of gum. D. The harmful effects of polymers. 2. What does the underlined phrase “off the table” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Abandoned. B. Negotiated. C. Undervalued. D. Settled. 3. What was the reason for Meades’s strategy change? A. Scientists faced huge public pressure. B. The new polymer wasn’t eco-friendly. C. Big companies lacked enough funds. D. He couldn’t rely on the gum industry. 4. What is Meades’s current belief about solving gum pollution? A. Changing public attitudes. B. Making anti-littering laws. C. Bettering clean-up methods. D. Applying a new gum technology. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了安德鲁·米德斯在做清除人行道上的口香糖工作时遇到的困难，由于口香糖公司放弃环保研发，因此他转向呼吁改变人们对乱扔口香糖的态度。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Yet what burdens him most is the fact that for every piece he removes, many more take its place the next day, making his task feel endless.(然而最让他感到不堪重负的是，每清理掉一块，第二天就会有更多的取而代之，这让他觉得自己的工作永无止境。)”可知，安德鲁·米德斯在工作中面临的困难是不断乱扔的口香糖。故选C。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“However, after years of work, the project went quiet.(然而，经过多年的努力，这个项目却悄无声息了。)”和“The economic drive to change a hugely profitable product had simply faded away.(改变一款利润丰厚的产品的经济动力已经消失。)”可知，开发一种新型的环保口香糖的项目最终变得悄无声息，可见是因为经济利益的原因被放弃了，故划线词所在句“Wrigley eventually stated that launching such a gum was “off the table”. (箭牌最终表示，推出这种口香糖off the table。)”中的off the table表示“被放弃了”。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Wrigley eventually stated that launching such a gum was “off the table”. The economic drive to change a hugely profitable product had simply faded away.(箭牌公司最终表示，推出这样的口香糖“已不在考虑之列”。改变一款利润丰厚的产品的经济动力已经不复存在。)”和三段“Since technology offered no fix, the solution had to be people. (既然技术无法提供解决方案，那就只能靠人了。)”可知，由于无法依赖口香糖行业通过技术来解决问题，因此米德斯决定改变策略。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据第三段“He believes that if consumers start to see gum litter as serious plastic pollution, change will follow. It requires an adjustment in everyone’s attitude.(他认为，如果消费者开始把随意丢弃的口香糖视为严重的塑料污染，那么改变就会随之而来。这需要每个人的态度调整。)”可知，米德斯目前认为解决口香糖的污染问题，应该要改变公众的态度，把随意丢弃的口香糖视为严重的塑料污染。故选A。 03（2026·四川遂宁·一模）Global CO₂ emissions (排放) from fossil fuels hit a record high in 2025, increasing 1.1 percent over 2024, according to a study highlighted at the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference, or COP30, in Brazil’s Amazonian city of Belem. According to The Global Carbon Budget 2025 report, fossil CO₂ emissions has reached 38.1 billion tons in 2025, because growth in global energy demand continues to outpace (超过) the production of renewable energy. The report also warns that the goal of slowing global warming to 1.5℃is currently out of reach. In addition, natural systems like oceans and forests, which normally absorb CO₂ from the air, are becoming less effective because of the changes in our climate. Pierre Friedlingstein, a professor at the University of Exeter told, “The remaining carbon budget for 1.5℃, 170 billion tons of CO₂, will be gone before 2030 at the current emission rate. We estimate that climate change is now reducing the combined land and ocean sinks — a clear signal from Planet Earth that we need to dramatically reduce emissions.” Efforts to tackle climate change are visible with 35 nations successfully reducing their emissions while maintaining economic growth, but researchers stress that these efforts are not enough. For instance, Corinne Le Quere from the University of East Anglia noted that the progress is too fragile to bring about the sustained global emission reductions required. The growing impact of climate change on carbon storage is particularly alarming and emphasizes the need for immediate, decisive action. The insufficient CO₂ reduction has already triggered a series of problems, such as the increase of heat-related deaths. In response, Brazil presented its first global climate adaptation plan centered on health at the COP30 on Thursday. Brazil proposes concrete measures to strengthen healthcare systems against the impact of climate change, with special attention to the most delicate parts of the population. 1. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs? A. Renewable energy has outpaced demand. B. Global CO₂reduction faces challenges. C. Global warming will go far beyond 1.5℃. D. Natural systems are absorbing CO₂ better. 2. What is Professor Corinne Le Quere’s attitude to current global efforts to reduce CO₂ emissions? A. Unsatisfied. B. Appreciative. C. Neutral. D. Acceptable. 3. What is the focus of Brazil’s proposal at COP30? A. Reducing the impact of climate change globally. B. Bettering healthcare especially for delicate people. C. Presenting rising threats to global healthcare systems. D. Strengthening climate adaptation for economic growth. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To assess global climate efforts. B. To present the latest carbon data. C. To urge immediate climate action. D. To explain how nature absorb CO₂. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍2025年全球化石燃料CO₂排放量创新高的现状、气候目标面临的挑战，强调当前减排努力不足，呼吁立即采取果断行动。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The report also warns that the goal of slowing global warming to 1.5℃is currently out of reach. In addition, natural systems like oceans and forests, which normally absorb CO₂ from the air, are becoming less effective because of the changes in our climate.(该报告还警告说，将全球变暖控制在1.5℃以内的目标目前无法实现。此外，由于气候变化，海洋和森林等通常从空气中吸收二氧化碳的自然系统正变得越来越低效)”以及第一段提到的2025年排放量创新高可知，前两段表明全球CO₂减排工作面临诸多挑战。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For instance, Corinne Le Quere from the University of East Anglia noted that the progress is too fragile to bring about the sustained global emission reductions required.(例如，东英吉利大学的科琳娜·勒奎尔指出，目前的进展过于脆弱，无法实现所需的全球持续减排)”可知，科琳娜·勒奎尔教授认为当前的减排进展不足以达成目标，其态度是不满意的。故选A项。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Brazil presented its first global climate adaptation plan centered on health at the COP30 on Thursday. Brazil proposes concrete measures to strengthen healthcare systems against the impact of climate change, with special attention to the most delicate parts of the population.(巴西周四在第30届联合国气候变化大会上提交了首个以健康为核心的全球气候适应计划。巴西提议采取具体措施，加强医疗保健系统以应对气候变化的影响，并特别关注最脆弱的人群)”可知，巴西在COP30上提案的重点是改善医疗保健，尤其关注脆弱人群。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，并结合倒数第二段中“The growing impact of climate change on carbon storage is particularly alarming and emphasizes the need for immediate, decisive action.(气候变化对碳储存的影响日益加剧，这一情况尤为令人担忧，也凸显出人类采取即时、果断行动的必要性)”可知，文章开篇介绍2025年全球CO₂排放量创新高的现状，随后说明1.5℃气候目标难以实现、自然吸收系统低效等问题，指出当前减排努力不足，最后提及减排不足引发的问题及巴西的相关提案，核心目的是呼吁立即采取果断的气候行动。故选C项。 04（25-26高三上·辽宁·期末）Researchers from the University of Western Australia recently studied 3,000 middle and high school students. Among them were 618 teenagers with one parent who lived away from home for long periods of time because of work. The researchers wanted to know how the work of these “fly-in, fly-out” parents might affect the health of their children. A higher percentage of teenagers who experienced the long-term absence of a parent had more emotional or behavioral problems than those whose parents worked more traditional hours. This supports earlier research that found teenagers were likely to feel anxious even annoyed when they often returned to an empty and quiet house after school so that they even had no interest in playing games. Findings also suggest that parents don’t have to be home all the time, but it helps to be home at certain times. And the best parental presence for a teenager may sometimes be like a potted (盆栽的) plant, which means keeping their company in silence. Many parents of teenagers have known this to be true and find ways to be present without trying to start a conversation. One friend of mine quietly does housework each evening in the sitting room where her teenagers watch TV. They enjoy each other’s company without the need to talk. Another friend usually accepts his daughter’s invitation to work or read nearby while she sits and does her homework. Perhaps, that, at least for some families, is the best way for a teenager and their parents to stay close and their methods of company won my likes. In fact, many years of research suggests that children use their parents as a safe base from which to explore the world. Studies tell us that young children, like babies, feel most at ease when their parents are still around. They don’t want to stay away from parents who allow them freedom. A new school year is at hand, so as parents, we could offer our teenagers a “potted flower” as a gift, whose quiet and steady presence will give them a great day. 1. What did the researchers find out in the study of the 3,000 students? A. How many of them lived without parents. B. How parents’ absence influenced them. C. What jobs their parents liked doing. D. Whether they helped do housework. 2. What might be the outcome for the kids with parents’ long-term absence? A. Being more responsible. B. Getting used to quietness. C. Suffering from awful feelings. D. Being addicted to game plays. 3. Who can be called “potted plant” parents? A. Those giving their kids much freedom. B. Those asking their kids to follow rules. C. Those always accompanying their kids. D. Those silently staying close to their kids. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards his friends’ ways of accompanying their kids? A. Approving. B. Critical. C. Suspicious. D. Neutral. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍西澳大学关于父母长期缺位对青少年影响的研究，以及父母“沉默陪伴”对孩子成长的重要性。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The researchers wanted to know how the work of these “fly-in, fly-out” parents might affect the health of their children. (研究人员想了解这些“轮班通勤式”父母的工作模式会对子女的健康产生怎样的影响。)”可知，研究人员的研究目的是弄清楚父母缺位会对孩子造成怎样的影响。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A higher percentage of teenagers who experienced the long-term absence of a parent had more emotional or behavioral problems than those whose parents worked more traditional hours. This supports earlier research that found teenagers were likely to feel anxious even annoyed when they often returned to an empty and quiet house after school so that they even had no interest in playing games. (与父母工作时间规律的青少年相比，父母长期缺位的青少年出现情绪或行为问题的比例更高。这印证了此前的一项研究，该研究发现，当青少年放学后经常回到空荡荡、静悄悄的家时，他们很容易感到焦虑甚至烦躁，甚至连玩游戏的兴趣都没有了。)”可知，父母长期缺位的孩子会情绪不好。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“And the best parental presence for a teenager may sometimes be like a potted (盆栽的) plant, which means keeping their company in silence. (对青少年来说，父母最好的陪伴有时就像一盆盆栽，意思是默默地陪伴在他们身边。)”以及第四段中的“One friend of mine quietly does housework each evening in the sitting room where her teenagers watch TV. They enjoy each other’s company without the need to talk. Another friend usually accepts his daughter’s invitation to work or read nearby while she sits and does her homework. (我的一位朋友每晚都会在孩子们看电视的客厅里默默地做家务。他们无需交谈，却享受着彼此的陪伴。另一位朋友通常会接受女儿的邀请，在她坐着写作业时，在旁边工作或看书。)”可知，“盆栽式”父母指的是默默陪伴在孩子身边的父母。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Perhaps, that, at least for some families, is the best way for a teenager and their parents to stay close and their methods of company won my likes. (或许，至少对一些家庭来说，这是青少年和父母保持亲密关系的最佳方式，他们的陪伴方式赢得了我的认可。)”可知，作者对朋友陪伴孩子的方式持赞同态度。故选A项。 05（25-26高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）It’s getting harder for many people to afford to see their favorite artists in concert as the industry grows more unstable. Fortunately, one festival in Phoenix wants to do something different. A family-run construction company, Wespac, has made the M3F Festival a way to give back to the community. John Largay, the founder of the company, figured that if he was going to ask people to donate money for the community, he’d need to give them something in return. “A party with music makes sense,” he said. “We call it the ‘3 Cs’: Community, Culture, and Charity. The festival embraces all of the elements.” This year, on March 1st-2nd, the M3F Festival was held outdoors in a vast open area, creating a thrilling and vibrant atmosphere. The festival boasts superb bands and singers, each bringing their unique styles to the stage. The tickets, priced from $99 to $220, offered a gateway to an unforgettable experience. Contrary to other music festivals, M3F is a registered nonprofit that gives away every dollar it earns to charitable causes. Since its launch in 2004, $4.4 million has been donated. The community collaborations upon which the M3F Festival is founded are more meaningful this year, with the M3F Fund further improved. It opens up funding to the public, allowing nonprofits to apply directly by submitting detailed plans for funding and its impact on the community. “Over the past two decades, we’ve cultivated partnerships with numerous charities,” explained Rachel Blanchard, M3F Festival’s manager. “We’ve evolved from supporting four charities initially to collaborating with over 35 diverse charity partners today.” This year’s allocations include projects in four categories: arts, environment, community, and education. Whether it’s providing over 100,000 meals to people in need or providing workforce training and education for the youth, ticket sales have direct impacts on the greater community. Ultimately, festival organizers, community partners, and attendees are eager to be a part of another year of good music and good actions. “The amazing support from our audience shows the strength of our shared values, and we anticipate the fruits of our continued efforts as we strive to build a community that treasures music and meaningful social impact,” Blanchard said. 1. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The reason for starting the M3F Festival. B. Types of charities supported by the M3F Festival. C. The role of the M3F Festival in the local economy. D. The M3F Festival’s growth and charity partnerships. 2. Why is the M3F Festival special according to paragraph 3? A. All events take place outdoors to reduce costs. B. It is affordable for most people in Phoenix. C. It is the largest music festival in Phoenix. D. All the money it gains goes to charity. 3. How does the M3F Fund strengthen the festival’s community impact this year? A. By making its funding more accessible. B. By expanding the festival to more cities. C. By inviting more local artists to perform D. By lowering ticket prices for all attendees. 4. What is Blanchard’s attitude toward the festival’s future? A. Cautious. B. Dismissive. C. Optimistic. D. Neutral. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍凤凰城M3F音乐节的创办理念、运营模式及在公益慈善方面的贡献。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“John Largay, the founder of the company, figured that if he was going to ask people to donate money for the community, he’d need to give them something in return. “A party with music makes sense,” he said. (公司创始人约翰·拉盖认为，如果要号召人们为社区捐款，就需要给他们一些回馈。他表示“一场有音乐的派对是个不错的选择”)”可知，该段主要讲述了M3F音乐节创办的缘由。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Contrary to other music festivals, M3F is a registered nonprofit that gives away every dollar it earns to charitable causes. (与其他音乐节不同，M3F是一家注册非营利组织，它将赚取的每一分钱都捐赠给慈善事业)”可知，M3F音乐节的特别之处在于所有收入都用于慈善。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It opens up funding to the public, allowing nonprofits to apply directly by submitting detailed plans for funding and its impact on the community. (该基金向公众开放资助渠道，允许非营利组织通过提交详细的资助计划及其对社区的影响报告直接申请)”可知，今年M3F基金通过让资助申请变得更易获取，来增强音乐节对社区的影响力。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The amazing support from our audience shows the strength of our shared values, and we anticipate the fruits of our continued efforts as we strive to build a community that treasures music and meaningful social impact,”Blanchard said. (布兰查德表示：“观众们的大力支持彰显了我们共同价值观的力量，我们期待在努力打造一个珍视音乐与有意义社会影响力的社区的过程中，收获持续努力的成果”)”可知，布兰查德对音乐节的未来持乐观态度。故选C项。 06（25-26高三上·安徽·月考）“Men are from Mars, women from Venus” has become a convenient shorthand for every household debate, from map-reading to loading the dishwasher. Yet beneath the jokes lies a serious question: are the two sexes born with fundamentally different wiring, or have we simply repeated the story until it feels true? Two high-profile sets of scans appear to offer hard proof of a difference. British psychologist Stuart Ritchie reported in 2012 that male brains are, on average, roughly one-tenth heavier than female brains and contain more white-matter. Three years later, Israeli neuroscientist (神经学家) Daphna Joel added that typical “his” or “her” circuits can’t be detected with advanced software, even though every head ultimately contains a mix of both — like shades that vary but never perfectly match passport sex. Lise Eliot, a neuroscientist at Chicago Medical School, believes such headlines are too dramatic. After re-analyzing thousands of images collected across six countries, she calls the brain “a unisex (不分性别的) organ”. The numeric gap between group averages, she insists, is no wider than the difference between male and female kidneys, and the figures fail to predict how the organ actually processes algebra, empathy (同理心) or parking instructions. Put simply, size decides nothing. If body structure is not the real boss, what is? Social experience, argues The Atlantic Classic papers loved eye-catching numbers: a 1970 survey’ showed boys beating girls thirteen-to-one on the mathematics SAT, a figure once highlighted by former Harvard president Lawrence Summers as proof of natural male scientific talent. When later student groups offered girls equal laboratory hours, encouraged female teachers and rewrote textbooks to include more real-world problems, the ratio fell to three-to-one, suggesting that opportunity, not body part, writes most of the scoreboard. Margaret McCarthy, a neuropharmacologist at the University of Maryland, applauds Eliot for “forcing the debate forward”. She also notes that wiping out every sex difference would sound an extreme note. Equal, she reminds us, is not identical; biology may still whisper where society shouts. 1. Why does the author present the findings of Ritchie and Joel? A. To correct statistical errors in psychology. B. To stress the risk of single-country data sets. C. To explain boys’ bad habits in reading maps. D. To provide scan evidence of sex differences. 2. What is implied by Eliot’s re-analysis of brain volume? A. Brain size can somehow decide sex rules. B. Males do well in tackling complex tasks. C. Generation gaps outrun between-sex gaps. D. It cannot tell how a person will think or act. 3. What can we infer from the falling math score gap after 1970? A. Equal chances narrow the score gap. B. Boys are now losing interest in STEM. C. Standardized tests are no longer trusted. D. Biology still limits girls’ physics scores. 4. What might be McCarthy’s attitude to erasing sex differences? A. Favorable. B. Disapproving. C. Unclear. D. Indifferent. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讨论男女差异的生理与社交成因，指出大脑结构差异不足以证明天生不同，机会平等更重要，但生物学因素仍不可忽视。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Two high-profile sets of scans appear to offer hard proof of a difference. British psychologist Stuart Ritchie reported in 2012 that male brains are, on average, roughly one-tenth heavier than female brains and contain more white-matter. Three years later, Israeli neuroscientist (神经学家) Daphna Joel added that typical “his” or “her” circuits can’t be detected with advanced software, even though every head ultimately contains a mix of both — like shades that vary but never perfectly match passport sex.(两组备受瞩目的扫描结果似乎提供了差异的确凿证据。英国心理学家斯图尔特·里奇在2012年报告称，男性的大脑平均比女性大脑重约十分之一，且含有更多的白质。三年后，以色列神经科学家达夫纳·乔尔补充说，即使使用先进的软件，也无法检测到典型的“他的”或“她的”神经回路，尽管每个人的大脑最终都包含两者的混合——就像色调各异但永远不会与护照上的性别完全匹配)”可推知，作者展示里奇和乔尔的发现是为了提供性别差异的扫描证据。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Lise Eliot, a neuroscientist at Chicago Medical School, believes such headlines are too dramatic. After re-analyzing thousands of images collected across six countries, she calls the brain “a unisex (不分性别的) organ”. The numeric gap between group averages, she insists, is no wider than the difference between male and female kidneys, and the figures fail to predict how the organ actually processes algebra, empathy or parking instructions. Put simply, size decides nothing.(芝加哥医学院的神经科学家莉丝·艾略特认为这样的标题过于夸张。在重新分析了来自六个国家的数千张图像后，她称大脑为“一个不分性别的器官”。她坚持认为，群体平均值之间的数字差距并不比男性和女性肾脏之间的差异更大，而且这些数字无法预测该器官实际上如何处理代数、同理心或停车指令。简而言之，大小决定不了什么)”可推知，艾略特重新分析大脑体积后，认为大脑体积不能预测一个人将如何思考或行动。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When later student groups offered girls equal laboratory hours, encouraged female teachers and rewrote textbooks to include more real-world problems, the ratio fell to three-to-one, suggesting that opportunity, not body part, writes most of the scoreboard.(后来，学生团体为女孩提供平等的实验室时间，鼓励女教师，并重写教科书以纳入更多现实问题，这一比例降至三比一，这表明是机会，而不是身体部位，在分数板上占据了主导地位)”可知，从1970年后数学成绩差距的缩小可以推断出，平等的机会缩小了分数差距。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Margaret McCarthy, a neuropharmacologist at the University of Maryland, applauds Eliot for “forcing the debate forward”. She also notes that wiping out every sex difference would sound an extreme note. Equal, she reminds us, is not identical; biology may still whisper where society shouts.(马里兰大学的神经药理学家玛格丽特·麦卡锡称赞艾略特“推动了辩论的进展”。她还指出，消除所有的性别差异听起来有些极端。她提醒我们，平等并不意味着相同；在社会大声疾呼的地方，生物学可能仍在低语)”可知，麦卡锡认为消除所有的性别差异听起来有些极端。由此推知，麦卡锡对消除性别差异的态度是不赞成的。故选B项。 07（2025·陕西·模拟预测）Crowd scenes present a particular technological challenge for AI image creation — especially video. “You’re managing so many complicated details,” said Janae Jane, an expert on AI image creation. “You have each individual human being in the crowd. They’re all moving independently and have unique features.” But the latest AI video generation models such as Google’s Veo 3 and OpenAI’s Sora 2 are getting pretty good. “We’re moving into a world where in a generous time estimate of a year, the lines of reality are going to get really unclear,” Janae said. “And checking a crowd scene’s authenticity (真实性) in a video — whether it is real or not — is going to almost have to become like a practice.” A report from the global marketing firm Capgemini shows nearly three quarters of images shared on social media last year were generated using AI. With the technology becoming increasingly good at creating convincing crowd scenes, it’s especially easy to trick people into believing a fake (假的) crowd scene is real or a real crowd scene is false because of how the images are delivered. The challenge is that average people are watching content on a small screen, and they are not critical of what they see and hear. If it looks real, it is real. “The more realistic and believable the results we create are, the more options it gives people for creative expression,” said scientist Oliver Wang. “But misinformation is something that we do take very seriously. So we are stamping all the images that we generate with a visible watermark and an invisible watermark.” However, the visible watermark currently displayed on videos created by using Google’s Veo 3 is tiny and easy to miss, hidden in the corner of the screen. (Invisible watermarks, like Google’s SynthID, are not visible to regular users’ eyes; they help tech companies monitor AI content behind the scenes.) And AI labeling systems are still being applied rather unevenly across platforms. There are as yet no industry-wide standards, though companies said they are motivated to develop them. 1. Which statement may Janae agree with? A. AI boosts videos’ shooting technology. B. Reality and AI videos will soon mix up. C. Crowd scenes and AI are integrated well. D. AI video models focus on crowd scenes. 2. What is the public’s attitude to the authenticity of crowd scenes in a video? A. Doubtful. B. Picky. C. Carefree. D. Dismissive. 3. What can be inferred about AI labeling systems? A. They need to be polished quickly. B. They are not necessarily worth using. C. They are not applied sufficiently. D. They can make videos more creative. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. AI Is Getting Better at Faking Crowds B. AI Videos Bring Both Benefits and Risks C. Crowd scenes Present AI’s Weaknesses D. Watermarks Are Solving AI’s fake problems 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要主要讲述人工智能（AI）在生成人群场景视频方面的技术进步、真实性挑战及应对措施，同时指出公众态度和行业问题。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“We’re moving into a world where in a generous time estimate of a year, the lines of reality are going to get really unclear (我们正在迈入这样一个时代——往宽了说，最多一年时间，现实与人工智能生成视频的界限将会变得非常模糊)”可知，贾内认为很快现实与人工智能生成视频的界限会变得非常模糊，即二者将难以区分。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The challenge is that average people are watching content on a small screen, and they are not critical of what they see and hear. If it looks real, it is real. (目前的问题在于，普通人通常是在小屏幕上观看内容，他们不会对所见所闻抱有批判态度，在他们看来，看起来真实的东西就是真实的。)”可知，公众对视频中人群场景的真实性持无所谓的态度。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And AI labeling systems are still being applied rather unevenly across platforms. There are as yet no industry-wide standards, though companies said they are motivated to develop them. (此外，人工智能内容标签系统在各个平台的应用程度参差不齐。尽管相关企业表示有意愿推动制定统一标准，但截至目前，整个行业尚未形成通行的标准规范。)”可推知，人工智能标签系统应用得还不够充分。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Crowd scenes present a particular technological challenge for AI image creation — especially video. (人群场景的生成对人工智能图像创作——尤其是视频创作而言，是一项特殊的技术挑战。)”并结合全文可知，文章开篇以人群场景是人工智能视频生成的技术挑战切入，接着介绍最新模型在该方面的进步，随后讨论技术进步带来的真假难辨问题及应对措施，全文核心围绕“人工智能生成虚假人群场景的技术发展”展开，因此选项A“AI Is Getting Better at Faking Crowds (人工智能伪造人群场景的技术愈发纯熟)”能够涵盖文章主题，适合作为用作标题。故选A。 08（25-26高三上·陕西咸阳·月考）The Robbers Cave Experiment was part of a series of studies conducted by social psychologist Muzafer Sherif and his workmates in the 1940s and 1950s. The researchers divided boys at a summer camp into two groups, and they studied how conflict developed between them. They also investigated what did and didn’t work to reduce group conflict. The boys were left in the dark about the experiment. In the 1954 study, boys who were approximately 11-12 years old thought that they were participating in a typical summer camp, which took place at Robbers Cave State Park. However, the campers’ parents knew that their children were actually participating in a research study. The boys arrived at the camp in two separate groups: for the first part of the study, they spent time with members of their own group, without knowing that the other group existed. The groups chose names, the Eagles and the Rattlers. After a short period of time, the boys became aware of the existence of the other group and began to speak negatively about the other group. Then the researchers arranged a competitive tournament between the groups, consisting of games such as baseball and tug-of-war and the relationship between the two groups quickly became tense. The campers rated their own group more positively than the rival (对立) group. To determine the factors that could reduce group conflict, the researchers first brought the campers together for fun activities such as having a meal or watching a movie together. However, this didn’t work to reduce conflict. Next, Sherif and his workmates tried having the two groups work on common goals. For example, the camp’s water supply was cut off purposely by the researchers, and the Eagles and the Rattlers worked together to fix the problem. Working on shared goals eventually reduced conflict and friendships began to form with members of the other group. In the end, some of the campers requested that everyone from both groups take the bus home together, and one group bought drinks for the other group. 1. What is the study’s purpose? A. To test group spirit B. To study group conflict. C. To observe children’s behavior. D. To research summer camp activities. 2. What does the experiment imply about society? A. Isolation promotes unity. B. Cooperation builds bridges. C. Competition drives progress. D. Independence ensures success. 3. How does the author prove the point? A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By quoting sayings. D. By presenting statistics. 4. What’s the author’s attitude to the study? A. Critical. B. Doubtful. C. Objective. D. Supportive. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“罗伯斯洞穴实验”展开，讲述了将夏令营男孩分组后引发冲突，以及采用不同方式化解冲突的过程，揭示了群体冲突的产生机制以及通过共同目标下的合作有效减少冲突的方法。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The researchers divided boys at a summer camp into two groups, and they studied how conflict developed between them. They also investigated w what did and didn’t work to reduce group conflict.( 研究人员将参加夏令营的男孩分成两组，研究他们之间的冲突是如何发展起来的。他们还调查了什么对减少群体冲突起作用，什么不起作用。)”可推知，实验的目的是研究群体冲突的产生以及缓解冲突的方法。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Next, Sherif and his workmates tried having the two groups work on common goals. For example, the camp’s water supply was cut off purposely by the researchers, and the Eagles and the Rattlers worked together to fix the problem. Working on shared goals eventually reduced conflict and friendships began to form with members of the other group.( 接下来，谢里夫和他的同事们试着让两个小组为共同的目标而努力。例如，研究人员故意切断了营地的供水，老鹰队和响尾蛇队共同努力解决了这个问题。为了共同的目标而努力最终减少了冲突，并开始与另一组的成员建立友谊。)”可知，让两组为共同目标合作后，冲突得以减少，成员间开始建立友谊。由此可推知，这个实验对社会意味着合作能搭建桥梁。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The boys arrived at the camp in two separate groups: for the first part of the study, they spent time with members of their own group, without knowing that the other group existed. The groups chose names, the Eagles and the Rattlers.( 男孩们分成两组到达营地：在研究的第一部分，他们和自己小组的成员呆在一起，不知道另一个小组的存在。这些团体选择了名字，老鹰队和响尾蛇队。)”以及第四段中“After a short period of time, the boys became aware of the existence of the other group and began to speak negatively about the other group. Then the researchers arranged a competitive tournament between the groups, consisting of games such as baseball and tug-of-war and the relationship between the two groups quickly became tense.( 过了很短的一段时间，男孩们开始意识到另一个群体的存在，并开始说另一个群体的坏话。然后，研究人员在两组之间安排了一场竞争性比赛，包括棒球和拔河等游戏，两组之间的关系很快变得紧张起来。)”和最后一段中“For example, the camp’s water supply was cut off purposely by the researchers, and the Eagles and the Rattlers worked together to fix the problem.( 例如，研究人员故意切断了营地的供水，老鹰队和响尾蛇队共同努力解决了这个问题。)”可知，作者通过具体例子支撑观点，如“棒球、拔河比赛引发冲突”、“共同修复供水系统缓解冲突”等，均为举例说明，以此阐述群体冲突与化解的相关内容。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文作者只是客观地介绍“罗伯斯洞穴实验”的过程、方法和结果，没有出现任何带有主观情感色彩的词汇。因此，C选项“客观的”符合文章只是如实叙述实验的特点。故选C项。 09（25-26高三上·湖南·月考）On a cold Colorado morning, Tera and her pet dog, Odin, waited inside the Sister Mary Alice Murphy Center for Hope. They were here to see veterinarian (兽医) Dr. Jon Geller,who provides free veterinary care through the Street Dog Coalition, a nonprofit serving pets of homeless individuals. In a make shift exam room, Geller checked Odin’s ears, heart, teeth and belly. The 11-month-old puppy received vaccinations for rabies(狂犬病), parvovirus and distemper, along with a deworming pill. Tera and her family, including Odin, recently moved from Texas and have been staying at a homeless shelter. Odin was kicked out for supposedly being aggressive, but Tera said this was not true and Geller didn't see any proof of it. Consequently, Odin had to sleep in their car in near-zero temperatures. To Tera, Odin is family — a companion and protector. She relies on him for mobility due to severe back pain, and he wakes her up at night when she occasionally stops breathing.“Without him, I fear I could not go on living,” Tera says. Geller estimates about 10% of Fort Collins’ 330-plus homeless population have pets — roughly 33 animals locally, compared to tens of thousands nationwide. While public opinion on helping the homeless is: divided, Geller notes broad support for their pets, which offer emotional support, protection and purpose. “Pets give them a reason to live,” he explains. Despite criticism about homeless individuals caring for animals, Geller emphasizes their sacrifices: Many prioritize feeding their pets over themselves and forfeit access to shelters and transportation. The most common breeds of street dogs are pit bulls and Chihuahuas. Pit bulls are often seen as outcasts, while Chihuahuas are known for being very loyal. The Street Dog Coalition, initially self-funded, now holds nonprofit status and relies on volunteers, including Colorado State University vet students, and donations. Services focus on “street medicine” — preventive care like vaccines and parasite treatment. The organization has expanded to six states, with plans to reach more high-need cities. 1. Why did Geller meet with Tera? A. To provide veterinary care for her dog. B. To teach her to care for homeless dogs. C. To treat homeless individuals for rabies. D. To set up a non-profit organization for pets. 2. How does Tera feel about Odin? A. Fearful. B. Envious. C. Indifferent. D. Grateful. 3. What is Geller’s attitude to the homeless people’s adopting pets? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Flexible. D. Critical. 4. Which can explain the underlined word “forfeit” in paragraph 5? A. Remember. B. Find. C. Lose. D. Consult. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国科罗拉多州非营利组织“Street Dog Coalition”为无家可归者的宠物提供免费医疗服务的公益行动。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“On a cold Colorado morning, Tera and her pet dog, Odin, waited inside the Sister Mary Alice Murphy Center for Hope. They were here to see veterinarian (兽医) Dr. Jon Geller,who provides free veterinary care through the Street Dog Coalition, a nonprofit serving pets of homeless individuals. In a make shift exam room, Geller checked Odin's ears, heart, teeth and belly. The 11-month-old puppy received vaccinations for rabies(狂犬病), parvovirus and distemper, along with a deworming pill.(在科罗拉多州一个寒冷的早晨，特拉和她的宠物狗奥丁在玛丽·爱丽丝·墨菲修女希望中心等着。他们来这里是为了看兽医乔恩·盖勒医生，他通过流浪狗联盟（一个为无家可归者提供宠物服务的非营利组织）提供免费的兽医服务。在临时检查室里，盖勒检查了奥丁的耳朵、心脏、牙齿和腹部。这只11个月大的小狗接种了狂犬病、细小病毒和犬瘟热疫苗，并服用了驱虫药。)”可知，盖勒见面目的是为特拉的狗提供免费兽医护理。故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“To Tera, Odin is family — a companion and protector. She relies on him for mobility due to severe back pain, and he wakes her up at night when she occasionally stops breathing.“Without him, I fear I could not go on living,” Tera says.(对特拉来说，奥丁是家人，是伴侣和保护者。由于严重的背部疼痛，她依靠他来行动，晚上她偶尔会停止呼吸，他会把她吵醒。“没有他，我恐怕活不下去了，”特拉说。)”可知，特拉把奥丁视为家人、保护者和生命支撑，体现深深感激。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“While public opinion on helping the homeless is: divided, Geller notes broad support for their pets, which offer emotional support, protection and purpose. “Pets give them a reason to live,” he explains.(尽管公众对帮助无家可归者的意见存在分歧，但盖勒指出，人们普遍支持他们的宠物，因为宠物能提供情感支持、保护和目标。“宠物给了他们活下去的理由，”他解释说。)”和第五段“Despite criticism about homeless individuals caring for animals, Geller emphasizes their sacrifices: Many prioritize feeding their pets over themselves and forfeit access to shelters and transportation.(尽管有人批评无家可归的人照顾动物，但盖勒强调了他们的牺牲：许多人优先考虑喂养宠物，而不是自己，并forfeit了获得住所和交通工具的机会。)”可知，盖勒支持无家可归的人养宠物。故选A项。 4. 词义猜测题。根据上文的内容“Geller emphasizes their sacrifices: Many prioritize feeding their pets over themselves(盖勒强调了他们的牺牲：许多人优先考虑喂养宠物而不是自己)”可知，无家可归者为照顾宠物而牺牲自身利益，所以，这些无家可归者肯定是“失去”下文提到的资源“access to shelters and transportation”。所以划线单词forfeit的意义为“失去”。故选C项。 第二部分：经典书评题专练10篇 01（25-26高三上·河南·月考）The unfortunate thing about parenting books is that, in my experience, once you become a parent you are too time-poor and tired to read them. As a result, my bedside table is filled with parenting books of which I’ve read the first five pages a dozen times before passing out. If this sounds like you, the latest book by Melinda Wenner Moyer should be top of your list. Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times is designed as a research-backed guide to help parents equip their children with the tools they need to succeed. The chapters of this book are short and readable, broken down into bite-sized sections, each giving you one piece of advice and the science to back it up. Moyer shows a lot of understanding and can help you take a kid’s-eye view on even their most annoying behaviors. How can we get children to be more open, fair-minded and willing to consider other viewpoints? One way is to encourage curiosity and uncertainty from a young age. Children, as we know, are like young scientists. “One of their most important jobs is to make sense of the world around them,” writes Moyer. This curiosity can often conflict with an adult’s desire to get things done. “When you ask your children to clean their room, then find them thirty minutes later studying an insect in the bathroom…it’s easy to dismiss their behavior as disobedience (不服从).” Their seemingly distracted (分心的) behavior is actually a natural part of their learning process. Parents should respond with empathy (同理心) and support rather than criticism. The book also addresses important issues like the impact of technology on children. Moyer challenges common misconceptions and provides practical advice on when and how to introduce mobile phones and social media to kids. Her insights help parents deal with these complex topics with a balanced and informed opinion. 1. Why do many parents fail to finish reading parenting books? A. They lack time and energy. B. They lose interest in reading. C. They find the books to be of poor quality. D. They prioritize practical tasks over reading. 2. What is the feature of Hello, Cruel World!? A. Theoretical. B. Science-backed. C. Complicated. D. Experience-based. 3. What should parents do when their children are studying an insect? A. Dismiss their behaviors. B. Correct their distraction. C. Encourage their curiosity. D. Ask them to follow instructions. 4. What is this text? A. A book review. B. A writing guide. C. A parenting paper. D. A science report. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Melinda Wenner Moyer的新书Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The unfortunate thing about parenting books is that, in my experience, once you become a parent you are too time-poor and tired to read them.(关于育儿书籍的不幸之处在于，根据我的经验，一旦你成为了父母，你就会因为时间太紧、太累而无法阅读它们)”可知，许多父母没有读完育儿书籍是因为他们缺乏时间和精力。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times is designed as a research-backed guide to help parents equip their children with the tools they need to succeed.(Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times是一本以科学研究为支撑的育儿指南，旨在帮助父母为孩子提供成功所需的工具)”可知，Hello, Cruel World!这本书的特点是以科学研究为支撑，故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Parents should respond with empathy (同理心) and support rather than criticism.(父母应该用同理心和支持来回应，而不是批评)”可知，当孩子在研究昆虫时，父母应该鼓励他们的好奇心。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段“If this sounds like you, the latest book by Melinda Wenner Moyer should be top of your list. Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times is designed as a research-backed guide to help parents equip their children with the tools they need to succeed. The chapters of this book are short and readable, broken down into bite-sized sections, each giving you one piece of advice and the science to back it up. Moyer shows a lot of understanding and can help you take a kid’s-eye view on even their most annoying behaviors.(如果你也有同感，那么Melinda Wenner Moyer的新书应该成为你的首选。她的新书Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times是一本以科学研究为支撑的育儿指南，旨在帮助父母为孩子提供成功所需的工具。这本书的章节简短易读，被拆分成一个个小版块，每个版块给出一条建议，并附上科学依据。莫耶非常善解人意，能让你从孩子的角度看待他们那些最令人恼火的行为)”可知，本文主要介绍了Melinda Wenner Moyer的新书Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times，因此是一篇书评，故选A。 02（24-25高三上·辽宁沈阳·月考）“Why does grandpa have ear hair?“ Just a few years ago my child was so curious to know “why” and “how” that we had to cut off her questions five minutes before bedtime. Now a soon-to-be fourth grader, she says that she dislikes school because “it’s not fun to learn.” I am shocked. As a scientist and parent, I have done everything I can to promote a love of learning in my children. Where did I go wrong? My child’s experience is not unique. Developmental psychologist Susan Engel notes that curiosity defined as “spontaneous (自发的)” investigation and eagerness for new information drops dramatically in children by the fourth grade. In Wonder: Childhood and the Lifelong Love of Science, Yale psychologist Frank C. Keil details the development of wonder―a spontaneous passion to explore, discover, and understand. He takes us on a journey from its early development, when wonder drives common sense and scientific reasoning, through the drop-off in wonder that often occurs, to the trap of life in a society that devalues wonder. As Keil notes, children are particularly rich in wonder while they are rapidly developing causal mechanisms (因果机制) in the preschool and early elementary school years. They are sensitive to the others’ knowledge and goals, and they expertly use their desire for questioning. Children’s questions, particularly those about “why” and “how” support the development of causal mechanisms which can be used to help their day-to-day reasoning. Unfortunately, as Keil notes, ”adults greatly underestimate young children’s causal mechanisms.” In the book, Wonder, Keil shows that we can support children’s ongoing wonder by playing games with them as partners, encouraging question-asking, and focusing on their abilities to reason and conclude. A decline in wonder is not unavoidable. Keil reminds us that we can accept wonder as a desirable positive quality that exists in everyone. I value wonder deeply, and Wonder has given me hope by proposing a future for my children that will remain wonder-full. 1. What is a common problem among fourth graders? A. They upset their parents too often. B. They ask too many strange questions. C. Their desire to learn declines sharply. D. Their love for fun disappears quickly. 2. Which is true about the “causal mechanisms” in Para. 4? A. They usually control children’s sensitivity. B. They slightly change in early childhood. C. They hardly support children’s reasoning. D. They improve through children’s questioning. 3. How can parents support children’s wonder according to Keil? A. By welcoming inquiring minds. B. By overestimating their abilities. C. By monitoring all of their games. D. By providing timely conclusions. 4. What is the text? A. A children’s story. B. A news report. C. A research paper. D. A book review. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是Wonder这本书的主要内容，这本书主要分析的是为什么孩子们对外界事物的好奇会在四年级时急剧减少。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Developmental psychologist Susan Engel notes that curiosity defined as “spontaneous (自发的)” investigation and eagerness for new information drops dramatically in children by the fourth grade.(发展心理学家Susan Engel指出，到四年级时，被定义为“自发”调查的好奇心和对新信息的渴望会急剧下降。)”可知，四年级学生的常见问题是他们的学习欲望急剧下降。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Children’s questions, particularly those about “why” and “how” support the development of causal mechanisms which can be used to help their day-to-day reasoning.(孩子们的问题，特别是那些关于“为什么”和“如何”的问题，支持因果机制的发展，可以用来帮助他们的日常推理。)”可知，从第4段可以推断出儿童的因果机制是通过孩子们的提问发展起来的。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the book, Wonder, Keil shows that we can support children’s ongoing wonder by playing games with them as partners, encouraging question-asking, and focusing on their abilities to reason and conclude.(在Wonder这本书中，Keil告诉我们，我们可以通过和孩子们一起玩游戏，鼓励他们提问，关注他们推理和总结的能力，来支持孩子们持续的惊奇。)”可知，根据Keil的说法，父母可以通过欢迎孩子们问问题来支持孩子们不断的惊奇，故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“In the book, Wonder, Keil shows that we can support children’s ongoing wonder by playing games with them as partners, encouraging question-asking, and focusing on their abilities to reason and conclude.(在Wonder这本书中，Keil告诉我们，我们可以通过和孩子们一起玩游戏，鼓励他们提问，关注他们推理和总结的能力，来支持孩子们持续的惊奇。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是Wonder这本书的主要内容，因此这本书是书评，故选D项。 03（24-25高三下·甘肃金昌·期中）I wish I had this book Hands-on Palaeontology (古生物学): a Practical Manual (手册) when I was starting out collecting fossils (化石). It has everything and more you need to take your hobby to a better and more advanced place. I probably won’t ever keep records and take notes as much as the readable book suggests. But if I had read it when I was a teenager, I might have done it. In fact, there are many books on palaeontology, which are aimed at amateur, undergraduates and those dreaming of pursuing an academic career in the science. The most common of these are the many and often excellent guides to fossil identification, from the general, basic texts on fossil variety to the specific. However, this is not such a book, because, as the author Stephen K Donovan points out, there is more to palaeontology than putting a name on a fossil, no matter how important that may be. Rather, as the title makes clear, this is a “practical manual”, covering the diverse features of the science. It is organized into 53 chapters, with each concentrating on one aspect of palaeontology as viewed with the geologist’s trained eye-with plenty of the author’s experience thrown in to illustrate the points being made. And each chapter is only a few pages long. So, while the book can be read from cover-to-cover, it can also be consulted when an answer to a specific question is needed. Therefore, the aim of the book is to help developing palaeontologists move their skills on to the next level, but also remind those who are a bit longer in the tooth (like me) what they ought to be doing and how to do it. His words in the comprehensive manual are kind and welcome. 1. What was the author’s previous approach to fossil collecting? A. He relied on memory. B. He kept detailed records. C. He followed the book’s suggestions. D. He collected fossils without recording. 2. What is a feature of the book Hands-on Palaeontology? A. It is organized into many short chapters. B. It focuses mainly on fossil identification. C. It’s written in a very academic and complex style. D. It’s meant not for professional palaeontologists but beginners. 3. What is the main purpose of the book Hands-on Palaeontology? A. To introduce the history of palaeontology. B. To encourage people to pursue a career in palaeontology. C. To provide a comprehensive guide to fossil identification. D. To offer advanced skills and practical advice in palaeontology. 4. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A diary entry. D. A practical manual. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一本名为《实践古生物学：一本实用手册》的书可以帮助不同水平的古生物学家提升他们的技能。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“I probably won’t ever keep records and take notes as much as the readable book suggests. But if I had read it when I was a teenager, I might have done it.(我可能不会像那本易读性书籍所建议的那样频繁地做记录和做笔记。但要是我在青少年时期读过这本书，或许我就会那样做了)”可知，作者以前在收集化石时，没有像书中建议的那样做很多记录和笔记。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“It is organized into 53 chapters, with each concentrating on one aspect of palaeontology as viewed with the geologist’s trained eye-with plenty of the author’s experience thrown in to illustrate the points being made. And each chapter is only a few pages long.(全书共分为 53 章，每一章都专注于地质学家用专业眼光所观察到的古生物学的一个方面——书中还穿插了作者丰富的实践经验，以佐证所阐述的观点。而且每一章的篇幅都不超过几页)”可知，这本书分为53章，每章只有几页，方便读者查找具体问题的答案。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, the aim of the book is to help developing palaeontologists move their skills on to the next level, but also remind those who are a bit longer in the tooth (like me) what they ought to be doing and how to do it. His words in the comprehensive manual are kind and welcome.(因此，这本书的目的在于帮助那些初涉古生物学领域的学者提升自己的专业技能，同时也提醒那些经验更为丰富的学者（比如我）应该做些什么以及如何去做。在这本详尽的指南中，他的话语亲切且令人感到欣慰)”可知，这本书的目的旨在提供古生物学方面的高级技能和实用建议。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。文章第一段引出《实践古生物学：一本实用手册》这本书，并介绍了作者对这本书的总体评价;第二段把这本书与其他的书进行了对比;第三段简单介绍了这本书的结构及内容;第四段介绍了这本书的写作目的，由此可以推断出：本文是一篇书评。故选B。 04（2025·贵州贵阳·三模）Climbing Qomolangma used to be a test of bravery, endurance and skill. In the 4 years after Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgafirst reached the summit in 1953, an average of 12 people a year followed in their footsteps. What was once an “almost certainly deadly attempt” is “the new ironman triathlon”, argues Will Cockrell, a journalist, in Everest, Inc, a fascinating new book. High-tech equipment and better understanding of the physiological (生理的) impact of high altitudes have brought new hopefuls to Qomolangma. But the biggest reason for the rising number of Qomolangma conquerors is the establishment of a professional guiding industry. For an incredible fee, between $35,000 and $110,000, experienced climbers will put inexperienced climbers on top of the world. As with many extreme sports, Qomolangma offers a test. Amateurs want to know if they can achieve something physically and mentally demanding. People underestimate the risk of the adventure, which helps explain why interest in climbing Qomolangma increases after deaths are reported. In this book Everest, Inc, the guiding industry exists to a large extent because of an inexperienced but passionate character called Dickbass, who had the crazy idea of climbing the highest mountains on all seven continents. He bought his way onto three different Qomolangma adventures and, in 1985, aged 55, he became both the oldest and least experienced climber to reach the summit. The sight of an average Joe on top of the world generated a media enthusiasm and the establishment of companies that could cater to the new demand for tours. Everest, Inc ends on a confusing note. More people are reaching the summit, but more are dying halfway, too: 18 people died in 2023, the highest-ever number. Mr. Cockrell argues that there was no negligence (疏忽) on the part of the guiding firms. He suggests that Nepali guides consider themselves in the logistics business (后勤) and generally leave decisions of safety to clients. But amateur climbers make bad choices. The disaster in 1996 showed that even guides get these decisions wrong. Experts know more than ever about how to navigate Qomolangma safely. But that does not make it a safe place. 1. What mainly accounts for more Qomolangma climbers? A. Reduced travel cost. B. Physiological benefit. C. High-tech equipment. D. Professional guidance. 2. What was the influence of Dickbass’s adventures? A. The rise of an industry. B. The demand for tourism. C. The development of media. D. The call for climbing safety. 3. What does Mr. Cockrell probably agree with? A. Guiding firms are to blame for the death of climbers. B. The guides should make right decisions for climbers. C. Climbing Qomolangma is still a life-threatening attempt. D. Experts should be responsible for the safety of climbers. 4. What is the text type of the passage? A. A research paper. B. A news report. C. A diary entry. D. A book review. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕 Will Cockrell 的新书《珠峰公司》展开，介绍了书中关于攀登珠穆朗玛峰的一些情况，如攀登者数量增加的原因、Dickbass的影响以及书中对于攀登安全等问题的观点等。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the biggest reason for the rising number of Qomolangma conquerors is the establishment of a professional guiding industry. For an incredible fee, between $35,000 and $110,000, experienced climbers will put inexperienced climbers on top of the world.(但珠峰征服者人数不断增加的最大原因是专业向导行业的建立。有经验的登山者将把没有经验的登山者送上世界之巅，费用在3.5万美元到11万美元之间，令人难以置信)”可知，珠峰攀登者增多的主要原因是专业指导。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“He bought his way onto three different Qomolangma adventures and, in 1985, aged 55, he became both the oldest and least experienced climber to reach the summit. The sight of an average Joe on top of the world generated a media enthusiasm and the establishment of companies that could cater to the new demand for tours.(1985年，55岁的他先后三次登上珠峰探险之旅，成为登顶珠峰的年龄最大、经验最少的登山者。一个普通人站在世界之巅的景象引起了媒体的热情，一些公司也应运而生，以满足新的旅游需求)”可知，Dickbass的冒险行为使得一个普通人登上世界之巅的景象引起了媒体的热情，并且催生了能够满足新的旅游需求的公司，也就是推动了一个行业的兴起。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“More people are reaching the summit, but more are dying halfway, too: 18 people died in 2023, the highest-ever number. Mr. Cockrell argues that there was no negligence (疏忽) on the part of the guiding firms. He suggests that Nepali guides consider themselves in the logistics business (后勤) and generally leave decisions of safety to clients. But amateur climbers make bad choices. The disaster in 1996 showed that even guides get these decisions wrong. Experts know more than ever about how to navigate Qomolangma safely. But that does not make it a safe place.(越来越多的人到达顶峰，但也有更多的人在半途死亡：2023年有18人死亡，是有史以来最高的数字。科克雷尔辩称，指导公司方面没有疏忽。他建议尼泊尔导游把自己看作是从事物流业务的，通常把安全问题留给客户来决定。但是业余登山者的选择很糟糕。1996年的灾难表明，即使是导游也会做出错误的决定。专家们比以往任何时候都更了解如何安全穿越珠穆朗玛峰。但这并不意味着它是一个安全的地方)”可知，Mr. Cockrell认为虽然更多人登顶，但也有更多人在半途死亡，即使专家对如何安全攀登珠穆朗玛峰了解得比以往任何时候都多，但这并不意味着它是一个安全的地方，即攀登珠穆朗玛峰仍然是一项危及生命的尝试。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“What was once an “almost certainly deadly attempt” is “the new ironman triathlon”, argues Will Cockrell, a journalist, in Everest, Inc, a fascinating new book.(记者威尔•科克雷尔在一本引人入胜的新书《珠峰公司》中写道，曾经“几乎肯定会致命的尝试”是“新的铁人三项”)”结合文章主要围绕Will Cockrell的新书《珠峰公司》展开，介绍了书中关于攀登珠穆朗玛峰的一些情况，如攀登者数量增加的原因、Dickbass的影响以及书中对于攀登安全等问题的观点等。由此可判断文章是一则书评。故选D。 05（24-25高三下·广东·月考）“Hello. You are you and I am I. We are people, also known as humans. This makes us different from most of the things on Earth.” This fairly straightforward observation is the opening page of Like, written by Annie Barrows. It establishes a somewhat odd yet matter-of-fact tone with a young boy addressing the reader. Matters get more unusual — or philosophical (哲学意义的), if you prefer — on the following chapter, which carefully thinks about the ways in which people are different from one specific thing on Earth, “We are not at all like tin cans. We are not shaped like tin cans. We cannot hold tomato sauce like tin cans. If you open up our lids, nothing good happens. We are not at all like tin cans.” The target audience will no doubt be amused, as was I, and perhaps reassured. Like next matches people with the swimming pools, “We are a little bit more like a swimming pool than a tin can. We have water and chemicals and dirt inside us. But unlike a swimming pool we don’t have people splashing around inside us.” Mushrooms, we learn, differ from tin cans and swimming pools by being alive, and by growing and reproducing — human traits, too! Mushrooms, however, don’t have mouths and brains. But wait: Hyenas (鬣狗) have all that. “They run around really fast, like we do ... But hyenas don’t say words. They don’t tell stories. They don’t get embarrassed, even when they’re caught eating something off the ground.” Where to go from there? “Look at all these people,” the text exclaims over the illustration full of people of seemingly every size, shape, color, age and means of mobility. “They are not exactly like us. But they are more like us than they are different.” “I am more like you than I am like most of the things on Earth,” the narrator concludes. “I’m glad. I’d rather be like you than a mushroom” — an appealing and unquestionable understanding. 1. How does the young boy speak to the reader in the beginning? A. He speaks in a humorous style. B. He argues in a philosophical way. C. He says in an odd and formal tone. D. He communicates in a direct manner. 2. According to the passage, which of the following is most like humans? A. Hyenas. B. Tin cans. C. Mushrooms. D. Swimming pools. 3. How is the idea mainly developed in Like? A. By listing facts. B. By making comparisons. C. By analyzing causes and effects. D. By presenting problems and solutions. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An animal encyclopedia. B. A book review. C. A philosophical textbook. D. A story collection. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是对安妮·巴罗斯所写的Like这本书的评论。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子““Hello. You are you and I am I. We are people, also known as humans. This makes us different from most of the things on Earth.” This fairly straightforward observation is the opening page of Like, written by Annie Barrows.(“你好。你是你，我是我，我们是人，也被称为人类。这使我们与地球上的大多数生物不同。”安妮·巴罗斯（Annie Barrows）在Like一书的开篇就提到了这一相当直白的评论。)”可知，在开头小男孩以直白的方式与读者交流。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Like next matches people with the swimming pools, “We are a little bit more like a swimming pool than a tin can. We have water and chemicals and dirt inside us. But unlike a swimming pool we don’t have people splashing around inside us.” Mushrooms, we learn, differ from tin cans and swimming pools by being alive, and by growing and reproducing—human traits, too! Mushrooms, however, don’t have mouths and brains. But wait: Hyenas (鬣狗) have all that. “They run around really fast, like we do ... But hyenas don’t say words. They don’t tell stories. They don’t get embarrassed, even when they’re caught eating something off the ground.”(接着，Like将人们与游泳池相匹配，“我们更像一个游泳池而不是一个锡罐。我们体内有水、化学物质和污垢。但不像游泳池，我们不会有人在里面溅水。”我们了解到，蘑菇与锡罐和游泳池的不同之处在于它是有生命的，而且还能生长和繁殖——这也是人类的特征！然而，蘑菇没有嘴和大脑。但是等一下：鬣狗拥有所有这些。“它们跑得非常快，就像我们一样……但是鬣狗不会说话。他们不讲故事。即使被抓到吃地上的东西，它们也不会感到尴尬。”)”可知，鬣狗更像人类。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“We are not at all like tin cans. We are not shaped like tin cans. We cannot hold tomato sauce like tin cans. If you open up our lids, nothing good happens. We are not at all like tin cans. (我们一点也不像锡罐。我们的形状不像锡罐。我们不能像装罐头一样装番茄酱。如果你打开我们的盖子，不会有什么好事发生。我们一点也不像锡罐。)”和第三段“Like next matches people with the swimming pools, “We are a little bit more like a swimming pool than a tin can. We have water and chemicals and dirt inside us. But unlike a swimming pool we don’t have people splashing around inside us.” Mushrooms, we learn, differ from tin cans and swimming pools by being alive, and by growing and reproducing—human traits, too! Mushrooms, however, don’t have mouths and brains. But wait: Hyenas (鬣狗) have all that. “They run around really fast, like we do ... But hyenas don’t say words. They don’t tell stories. They don’t get embarrassed, even when they’re caught eating something off the ground.”(接着，Like将人们与游泳池相比，“我们更像一个游泳池而不是一个锡罐。我们体内有水、化学物质和污垢。但不像游泳池，我们不会有人在里面溅水。”我们了解到，蘑菇与锡罐和游泳池的不同之处在于它是有生命的，而且还能生长和繁殖——这也是人类的特征！然而，蘑菇没有嘴和大脑。但是等一下：鬣狗拥有所有这些。“它们跑得非常快，就像我们一样……但是鬣狗不会说话。他们不讲故事。即使被抓到吃地上的东西，它们也不会感到尴尬。”)”可知，在Like这本书中，作者是将人与锡罐、蘑菇、游泳池和鬣狗相比较展开的。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段““Hello. You are you and I am I. We are people, also known as humans. This makes us different from most of the things on Earth.” This fairly straightforward observation is the opening page of Like, written by Annie Barrows. It establishes a somewhat odd yet matter-of-fact tone with a young boy addressing the reader.(你好。你是你，我是我，我们是人，也被称为人类。这使我们与地球上的大多数生物不同。”安妮·巴罗斯在Like一书的开篇就提到了这一相当直白的观察。它建立了一种有点奇怪但实事求是的语气，一个小男孩向读者讲话。)”和第二段的句子“The target audience will no doubt be amused, as was I, and perhaps reassured.(目标受众无疑会像我一样被逗乐，或许还会感到放心。)”可以推论出，这段文字最有可能取自对Like这本书的评论。故选B项。 06（24-25高三上·湖北·期中）A bestseller by Giulia Enders explores the fascinating world of the human digestive system and its profound impact on overall health. One of the key takeaways is the idea that the gut(肠)is not just a digestion machine, but a complex and intelligent organ that influences our immune system, brain function, and emotional well-being. The book explores the gut-brain connection, explaining how the gut communicates with the brain and can influence mood and behavior, highlighting the link between gut health and mental conditions like anxiety and depression. Enders also explains how the gut’s nervous system functions independently of the brain and why it’s often called the “second brain.” Another key point is the impact of diet on gut health. Enders advises incorporating fiber-rich foods, fermented products(like yogurt), and probiotics(good bacteria)into our diet to nourish beneficial gut bacteria. She also warns against the overuse of antibiotics(抗生素), which can upset the balance of gut bacteria and lead to digestive disorders. The book also provides insight into common digestive problems and breaks down how these issues can be managed or prevented by making simple lifestyle changes, like eating slowly and managing stress. Enders explains the digestive process in a simple and engaging way, highlighting the importance of a healthy gut and offers practical advice on supporting its function, such as avoiding overly processed foods and eating mindfully. Enders also touches on the significance of the immune system in the gut, where a large portion of immune cells reside. A healthy gut microbiome(肠道微生物组)can strengthen the immune response, while an imbalanced gut may lead to increased risk to infections and autoimmune diseases. Enders successfully makes the science of the gut accessible and relatable, showing that by understanding how this often-overlooked organ works, we can make informed choices that significantly improve our health and happiness. 1. What does the underlined word “takeaways” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Differences. B. Conclusions. C. Causes. D. Goals. 2. What does the author might agree with? A. An unhealthy gut will definitely lead to immune disorders. B. The gut’s nervous system interrelates with the brain in its function. C. Eating slowly or managing stress helps avoid some digestive problems. D. The more fiber we include in our diet, the healthier our gut will become. 3. Which one can best serve as the title of the book by Giulia Enders? A. Gut Health Is Above Wealth. B. Eat Your Way to Good Health. C. Immune System: A Deciding Factor in Overall Health. D. Gut: The Inside Story of Our Body’s Most Underrated Organ. 4. What is the text? A. A book review. B. A research paper. C. An advertisement for a book. D. A chapter of a book. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Giulia Enders的畅销书，探讨了人类消化系统的迷人世界及其对整体健康的深远影响。 1. 词句猜测题。根据词出现的语境“the idea that the gut(肠)is not just a digestion machine, but a complex and intelligent organ that influences our immune system, brain function, and emotional well-being.(肠道不仅仅是一个消化机器，而是一个复杂而智能的器官，影响我们的免疫系统、大脑功能和情绪健康。)”以及第二段“The book explores the gut-brain connection, explaining how the gut communicates with the brain and can influence mood and behavior, highlighting the link between gut health and mental conditions like anxiety and depression. (这本书探讨了肠道与大脑的联系，解释了肠道如何与大脑沟通并影响情绪和行为，强调了肠道健康与焦虑和抑郁等精神疾病之间的联系。)”和第三段开头“Another key point is the impact of diet on gut health. (另一个关键点是饮食对肠道健康的影响。)”可知，这些都是这本书中的结论句，所以猜测 takeaways是指对文章要点“结论”。故选B项 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The book also provides insight into common digestive problems and breaks down how these issues can be managed or prevented by making simple lifestyle changes, like eating slowly and managing stress. (这本书还提供了对常见消化问题的见解，并分解了如何通过简单的生活方式改变来管理或预防这些问题，比如慢慢吃和管理压力。)”内容可知，通过改变一些生活习惯比如吃慢一点或者管理好压力有利于防止一些消化问题的出现。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A bestseller by Giulia Enders explores the fascinating world of the human digestive system and its profound impact on overall health. One of the key takeaways is the idea that the gut(肠)is not just a digestion machine, but a complex and intelligent organ that influences our immune system, brain function, and emotional well-being.(Giulia Enders的畅销书探讨了人类消化系统的迷人世界及其对整体健康的深远影响。其中一个关键要点是，肠道不仅仅是一个消化机器，而是一个复杂而智能的器官，影响我们的免疫系统、大脑功能和情绪健康。)”以及下文可知，文章主要是讲了肠道在人体的重要功能和对其他方面健康的意义, 它并不是人们通常认为的只是一个消化食物器官, 它有着复杂而智能的神经系统, 且对人整体健康影响很大。所以D项Gut: The Inside Story of Our Body’s Most Underrated Organ.(肠道：我们身体最被低估的器官的内幕。)符合语境，最可能是Giulia Enders的畅销书的书名。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。 通过第一段内容“A bestseller by Giulia Enders explores the fascinating world of the human digestive system and its profound impact on overall health. (Giulia Enders的畅销书探讨了人类消化系统的迷人世界及其对整体健康的深远影响。)”和文章每一段的开头“The book explores(这本书探索)”类似表达和文章整体内容可以看出来，文章是对一本书进行介绍和评论。故选A项。 07（2024·湖北·三模）Playing with my 5-year-old child, I sometimes wonder: Why are her made-up games so terribly boring? In Learning to Imagine, psychologist Andrew Shtulman thinks it untrue that kids are uncontrolled wellsprings of imagination. On the contrary, the more we learn, the more imaginative we can become, and learning will not hold back imaginative ideas. Kids, he argues, fail to imagine obvious possibilities. To gather evidence for this argument, Shtulman explores mechanisms (机制) for expanding imagination. Without support of others or new tools and technologies, people may reject reasonable ideas out of hand, he maintains. Lord Kelvin, for instance, famously denied the possibility of “heavier-than-air flying machines” less than 10 years before the Wright brothers created one. Abstract principles, like those so influential in science and ethics (伦理学), also boost imagination. Finally, imagination grows through exploring alternative models of the world, as in plays, fiction and so on. Across all of these examples, expanding imagination requires building closely on what people already know. Perhaps counterintuitively (反直觉地), kids relate best to realistic stories. For instance, Walt Disney’s earliest cartoons were disorganized and strange. Only when the cartoons became “reasonably impossible” did they gain mass appeal. Many fictional worlds, from Middle Earth to Hogwarts, rely on reasonable impossibility. Shtulman cleverly and precisely sails this vast, attractive sea. Learning to Imagine never drags or makes me get stuck on professional words. I wish, however, that there had been more focus on what these findings mean. If education does not hinder imagination, how do we develop it? Shtulman advises us to “engage with, and learn from, the collective knowledge of other people”. AI programs like GPT take that approach, educating themselves on massive data sets. “Be like GPT” is not the most heartening message. But while humans cannot learn large amounts of data quickly and easily like AI, human imagination is shared and cooperative. That, at least, is something all of us—5-year-olds and their dads alike-have over the chatbots. 1. What’s the misunderstanding about imagination according to Shtulman? A. It’s an inborn ability. B. It helps broaden the mind. C. Children are full of it. D. Inventions are based on it. 2. What does expanding imagination depend on? A. Known information. B. Realistic principles. C. Gradual exploration. D. Supportable arguments. 3. What does the underlined word “hinder” mean in paragraph 4? A. Improve. B. Prevent. C. Stress. D. Dismiss. 4. What is the text? A. A research report. B. A personal diary. C. A children’s story. D. A book review. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Andrew Shtulman在《学会想象》一书中关于想象力的观点和建议。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“In Learning to Imagine, psychologist Andrew Shtulman thinks it untrue that kids are uncontrolled wellsprings of imagination. On the contrary, the more we learn, the more imaginative we can become, and learning will not hold back imaginative ideas.(在《学会想象》一书中，心理学家安德鲁·什图尔曼认为孩子是想象力的不受控制的源泉是不正确的。相反，我们学得越多，我们就越有想象力，而学习不会阻碍我们的想象力)”可知，在Shtulman看来，关于想象力的误解是孩子们满脑子都是。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Finally, imagination grows through exploring alternative models of the world, as in plays, fiction and so on. Across all of these examples, expanding imagination requires building closely on what people already know.(最后，想象力通过探索世界的不同模式而增长，如在戏剧、小说等中。在所有这些例子中，扩展想象力需要紧密地建立在人们已经知道的基础上)”可知，扩展想象力依赖于已知信息。故选A。 3. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“imagination, how do we develop it?”以及“Shtulman advises us to “engage with, and learn from, the collective knowledge of other people”. AI programs like GPT take that approach, educating themselves on massive data sets.(Shtulman建议我们“参与并从他人的集体知识中学习”。像GPT这样的人工智能程序采用这种方法，在海量数据集上进行自我教育)”可知，后文提到Shtulman建议人们进行自我教育来开发想象力，可知划线词所在句的意思是假设在教育不会阻止想象力的情况下，我们如何发展想象力。故划线词意思是“阻止”。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“In Learning to Imagine, psychologist Andrew Shtulman thinks it untrue that kids are uncontrolled wellsprings of imagination. On the contrary, the more we learn, the more imaginative we can become, and learning will not hold back imaginative ideas.(在《学会想象》一书中，心理学家安德鲁·什图尔曼认为孩子是想象力的不受控制的源泉是不正确的。相反，我们学得越多，我们就越有想象力，而学习不会阻碍我们的想象力)”结合文章主要介绍了Andrew Shtulman在《学会想象》一书中关于想象力的观点和建议。可知，文章是一篇书评。故选D。 08（25-26高三·湖北·月考）“Hello. You are you and I am I. We are people, also known as humans. This makes us different from most of the things on Earth.” This fairly straightforward observation is the opening spread of Like, written by Annie Barrows. It establishes a somewhat odd yet matter-of-fact tone with a young boy addressing the reader. Matters get more quizzical-or philosophical (哲学意义的), if you prefer — on the following spread, which carefully thinks about the ways in which people are different from one specific thing on Earth, “We are not at all like tin cans. We are not shaped like tin cans. We cannot hold tomato sauce like tin cans. If you open up our lids, nothing good happens. We are not at all like tin cans.” The target audience will no doubt be amused, as was I, and perhaps reassured. Like next matches people with the swimming pools, “We are a little bit more like a swimming pool than a tin can. We have water and chemicals and dirt inside us. But unlike a swimming pool we don’t have people splashing around inside us.” Mushrooms, we learn, differ from tin cans and swimming pools by being alive, and by growing and reproducing-human traits, too! Mushrooms, however, don’t have mouths and brains. But wait: Hyenas have all that. They run around really fast, like we do... But hyenas don’t say words. They don’t tell stories. They don’t get embarrassed, even when they’re caught eating something off the ground. Where to go from there? “Look at all these people, the text exclaims over the illustration full of people of seemingly every size, shape, color, age and means of mobility. They are not exactly like us. But they are more like us than they are different.” “I am more like you than I am like most of the things on Earth, the narrator concludes. I’m glad. I’d rather be like you than a mushroom-an appealing and inarguable understanding.” 1. What does the underlined word “quizzical” mean in the second paragraph? A. Definite. B. Consistent. C. Unusual. D. Ambiguous. 2. According to the passage, which of the following is most like humans? A. Hyenas. B. Tin cans. C. Mushrooms. D. Swimming pools. 3. How is the writer’s idea mainly developed in the passage? A. By describing in details. B. By making comparisons. C. By analyzing causes and effects. D. By presenting problems and solutions. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An animal encyclopedia. B. A story entry. C. A philosophical textbook. D. A book review. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了一本书Like，书中作者将人与锡罐、游泳池、蘑菇和鬣狗等进行比较，揭示出作为“人”的我们，具有独有的特征。 1. 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“This fairly straightforward observation is the opening spread of Like, written by Annie Barrows. It establishes a somewhat odd yet matter-of-fact tone with a young boy addressing the reader. (这个相当直接的评论是安妮·巴罗斯写的《Like》的开篇。它建立了一种有点奇怪但实事求是的语气，一个小男孩向读者讲话。)”和下文““We are not at all like tin cans. We are not shaped like tin cans. We cannot hold tomato sauce like tin cans. If you open up our lids, nothing good happens. We are not at all like tin cans.” (“我们一点也不像锡罐。我们的形状不像锡罐。我们不能像装罐头一样装番茄酱。如果你打开我们的盖子，不会有什么好事发生。我们一点也不像锡罐。”)”可知，书的开头一章，叙述方式有些不寻常，结合本句后面作者将人与锡罐比较，以此说明人的本性。所以推测本句意为，“在接下来的章节，事情变得更加不寻常”，由此可知，quizzical意为“不同寻常的”。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段““We are not at all like tin cans. We are not shaped like tin cans. We cannot hold tomato sauce like tin cans. If you open up our lids, nothing good happens. We are not at all like tin cans.” (“我们一点也不像锡罐。我们的形状不像锡罐。我们不能像装罐头一样装番茄酱。如果你打开我们的盖子，不会有什么好事发生。我们一点也不像锡罐。”)”和第三段“Like next matches people with the swimming pools, “We are a little bit more like a swimming pool than a tin can. We have water and chemicals and dirt inside us. But unlike a swimming pool we don’t have people splashing around inside us.” Mushrooms, we learn, differ from tin cans and swimming pools by being alive, and by growing and reproducing-human traits, too! Mushrooms, however, don’t have mouths and brains. But wait: Hyenas have all that. (就像next将人们与游泳池相匹配，“我们更像一个游泳池而不是一个锡罐。我们体内有水、化学物质和污垢。但不像游泳池，我们不会有人在里面溅水。”我们了解到，蘑菇与锡罐和游泳池的不同之处在于它是有生命的，而且还能生长和繁殖——这也是人类的特征！然而，蘑菇没有嘴和大脑。但是等等：鬣狗拥有所有这些。)”可知，文章将锡罐、游泳池、蘑菇和鬣狗与人类逐个比较。锡罐能盛东西，而人脑不能。人体与游泳池有着类似的内容，但人体内没有人在游泳。蘑菇是活的，更像人类，但没有嘴巴和大脑。鬣狗有嘴巴和大脑，最像人类。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段““We are not at all like tin cans. We are not shaped like tin cans. We cannot hold tomato sauce like tin cans. If you open up our lids, nothing good happens. We are not at all like tin cans.” (“我们一点也不像锡罐。我们的形状不像锡罐。我们不能像装罐头一样装番茄酱。如果你打开我们的盖子，不会有什么好事发生。我们一点也不像锡罐。”)”和第三段“Like next matches people with the swimming pools, “We are a little bit more like a swimming pool than a tin can. We have water and chemicals and dirt inside us. But unlike a swimming pool we don’t have people splashing around inside us.” Mushrooms, we learn, differ from tin cans and swimming pools by being alive, and by growing and reproducing-human traits, too! Mushrooms, however, don’t have mouths and brains. But wait: Hyenas have all that. (就像next将人们与游泳池相匹配，“我们更像一个游泳池而不是一个锡罐。我们体内有水、化学物质和污垢。但不像游泳池，我们不会有人在里面溅水。”我们了解到，蘑菇与锡罐和游泳池的不同之处在于它是有生命的，而且还能生长和繁殖——这也是人类的特征！然而，蘑菇没有嘴和大脑。但是等等：鬣狗拥有所有这些。)”可知，文章将锡罐、游泳池、蘑菇和鬣狗与人类进行比较，做比较是作者表达的主要方式。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段““Hello. You are you and I am I. We are people, also known as humans. This makes us different from most of the things on Earth.” This fairly straightforward observation is the opening spread of Like, written by Annie Barrows. It establishes a somewhat odd yet matter-of-fact tone with a young boy addressing the reader. (“你好。你是你，我是我，我们是人，也被称为人类。这使我们与地球上的大多数生物不同。”这个相当直接的评论是安妮·巴罗斯写的《Like》的开篇。它建立了一种有点奇怪但实事求是的语气，一个小男孩向读者讲话。)”可知，本文是对一本书进行简要介绍和评述。故选D。 09（2024·广西南宁·二模）In a world filled with things that take our attention away, and ego-driven (自尊心驱使的) ambition, it’s easy to lose sight of what’s truly important. Among the chaos of modern life, humility(谦逊) emerges as a powerful force that, if embraced, can help us navigate challenges, understand ourselves and those around us, and change our true values and purpose. Drawing from personal experiences and reflections, Peter Ash talks about the transformative power of embracing humility as a tool to navigate the challenge, build true confidence, and lead life as our authentic selves. In Humble: Reflections On The Power Of Humility And Its Place In An Ego-Obsessed World, the author Peter Ash puts forward a different perspective on a happy life, by addressing what he considers to be the definition of what humility is, and what it is not. Using his experiences to set a backdrop, Ash’s guidance is designed to intentionally flow between autobiography and reader guidance. The book has ten chapters, covering topics such as making the case for humility, personal ego, and the importance of humility in the digital age and in the workplace. The guidance provided is less around direct bullet points and key takeaways, but more asking the reader to draw general reflections and conclusions. This is done by comparıng and contrasting themselves to the author’s experiences as they progress through the book. The book comes in at just over one hundred pages in length. Ash has a clear and well put together writing style to take readers on that journey to highlight his argument for living a more modest existence. The book is suitable for anyone who wishes to reflect and gain inspiration on how to live a more meaningful life. When terms such as “be kind” and “be humble” are bounced around the Internet with no clear definition, this book could be seen as an interesting story to the chaos of modern life. 1. What do we know about humility? A. It leads us to a deeper understanding of self and others. B. It is the key to achieving our ego-driven ambition. C. It is the most powerful tool for us to overcome difficulties. D. It definitely contributes to success in all aspects of life. 2. What can we learn about the book? A. It provides numerous direct suggestions. B. Its writing style is formal and academic. C. It is based on the author’s childhood experiences. D. Its contents are enlightening and inspiring. 3. Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude toward the book? A. Skeptical. B. Approving. C. Dismissive. D. Ambiguous. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A novel. D. An autobiography. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了生活中保持谦逊的力量，同时介绍了《谦逊：反思谦逊的力量及其在一个自我迷恋的世界中的地位》一书。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Among the chaos of modern life, humility emerges as a powerful force that, if embraced, can help us navigate challenges, understand ourselves and those around us, and change our true values and purpose.(在混乱的现代生活中，谦逊作为一种强大的力量出现，如果接受，可以帮助我们应对挑战，了解自己和周围的人，并改变我们真正的价值观和目标)”可知，谦逊能引导我们对自我和他人有更深的理解。故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The book is suitable for anyone who wishes to reflect and gain inspiration on how to live a more meaningful life.(这本书适合任何想要反思如何过更有意义的生活并从中获得灵感的人)”可知，这本书的内容具有启发性。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In Humble: Reflections On The Power Of Humility And Its Place In An Ego-Obsessed World, the author Peter Ash puts forward a different perspective on a happy life, by addressing what he considers to be the definition of what humility is, and what it is not. Using his experiences to set a backdrop, Ash’s guidance is designed to intentionally flow between autobiography and reader guidance.(在《谦逊:反思谦逊的力量及其在一个自我迷恋的世界中的地位》一书中，作者彼得·阿什提出了一种不同的幸福生活视角，解决了他所认为的谦逊的定义，以及它不是什么。以他的经历为背景，阿什的指导有目的地在自传和读者指导之间流动)”及倒数第二段“Ash has a clear and well put together writing style to take readers on that journey to highlight his argument for living a more modest existence.(阿什的写作风格清晰且条理清晰，带读者踏上了这段旅程，并强调了他关于过一种更谦逊的生活的观点)”可知，作者认可阿什的写作风格和观点，对于这本书是认可的。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“The book has ten chapters, covering topics such as making the case for humility, personal ego, and the importance of humility in the digital age and in the workplace.(这本书有十章，涵盖了诸如阐述谦逊的理由、个人自我以及谦逊在数字时代和工作场所的重要性等主题)”及最后一段“The book is suitable for anyone who wishes to reflect and gain inspiration on how to live a more meaningful life. When terms such as “be kind” and “be humble” are bounced around the Internet with no clear definition, this book could be seen as an interesting story to the chaos of modern life.(这本书适合任何想要反思如何过更有意义的生活并从中获得灵感的人。当诸如“善良”和“谦逊”这样的术语在互联网上到处蹦来蹦去，却没有明确的定义时，这本书可以被视为混乱的现代生活的一个有趣的故事)”可知，本文为《谦逊:反思谦逊的力量及其在一个自我迷恋的世界中的地位》一书的书评。故选B。 10（25-26高三上·安徽合肥·月考）You can get a clear picture about Deep Work by Cal Newport in 5 minutes. Deep Work tells us professional activities performed in a state of distraction-free concentration that push your cognitive(认知的)capabilities to their limit. These efforts create new value and improve your skill. The ability to perform deep work is becoming increasingly rare at exactly the same time it is becoming increasingly valuable in our economy. As a consequence, the few who develop the skill, and then make it the core of their working life, will thrive (蓬勃发展). The book tells us the core abilities for thriving in the new economy, which are the ability to quickly master hard things, the ability to produce a high level, in terms of both quality and speed. If you can’t learn, you can’t thrive. If you don’t produce, you won’t thrive—no matter how skilled or talented you are. If you haven’t mastered deep work, you’ll struggle to learn hard things. To learn hard things quickly, you must focus intensely without distraction. The key to developing a deep work habit is to move beyond good intentions and add routines and habits to your working life designed to minimize a state of unbroken concentration. To master the art of deep work, therefore, you must take back control of your time and attention from the many entertainments on the Internet that attempt to steal them. Adopt a tool only if its positive impacts on these factors substantially outweigh its negative impacts. It’s crucial that you figure out in advance what you’ re going to do with your evenings and weekends before they begin. In the end of Deep Work, we can know that the ability to concentrate is a skill that gets valuable things done. If you’ re struggling to use your mind to its fullest capacity to create things that matter, then you’ll discover, as others have before you, that depth generates a life rich with productivity and meaning. 1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Background information. B. Specific examples. C. Positive influence. D. Theoretical introduction. 2. What should you do to thrive in the new economy? A. Cooperate with coworkers. B. Cultivate your skills and talents. C. Keep in the best state at what you do. D. Learn to deal with challenges. 3. Which of the following can develop a habit of deep work? A. Avoiding any distraction. B. Taking advantage of a tool. C. Planning what to do beforehand. D. Forming a simple habit. 4. What is the text? A. A book review. B. An exam paper. C. A news report. D. An economic article. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇书评，文章评论并介绍了Cal Newport的一本有关《深度工作》的书。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Deep Work tells us professional activities performed in a state of distraction-free concentration that you push your cognitive (认知的) capabilities to their limit. These efforts create new value and improve your skill. The ability to perform deep work is becoming increasingly rare at exactly the same time it is becoming increasingly valuable in our economy. (深度工作告诉我们，在不受干扰的集中状态下进行专业活动，你将自己的认知能力推向极限。这些努力创造了新的价值，提高了你的技能。进行深度工作的能力正变得越来越罕见，与此同时，它在我们的经济中变得越来越有价值。)”可知，本段的内容是《深度工作》的理论介绍，介绍深度工作。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The book tells us the core abilities for thriving in the new economy, which are the ability to quickly master hard things, the ability to produce a high level, in terms of both quality and speed. If you can’t learn, you can’t thrive. If you don’t produce, you won’t thrive — no matter how skilled or talented you are. If you haven’t mastered deep work, you’ll struggle to learn hard things. (这本书告诉我们，在新经济中蓬勃发展的核心能力是快速掌握困难事物的能力，在质量和速度方面都能产生高水平的能力。如果你不能学习，你就不能茁壮成长。如果你不创造，你就不会成功——无论你多么有技能或才华。如果你还没有掌握深入的工作，你将很难学习困难的东西。)”可知，那些在他们所做的事情上最优秀的人将在新经济中茁壮成长。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’s crucial that you figure out in advance what you’re going to do with your evenings and weekends before they begin.(在晚上和周末开始之前，提前想好晚上和周末要做什么是至关重要的。)”可知，提前做好规划有助于深度工作习惯的养成。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“You can get a clear picture about Deep Work by Cal Newport in 5 minutes.(你可以在5分钟内对Cal Newport的《深度工作》有一个清晰的了解。)”以及文章主要介绍了Deep Work这本书的主要内容以及作者对“深度工作”这一概念的理解与读这本书的收获可推知，这是一篇书评。故选A项。 试卷第2页，共32页 试卷第1页，共32页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $