Unit11语法：反身代词&情态动词must ，should- 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版英语七年级下册

仁爱英语七下Unit11语法 反身代词 &情态动词（must，should） 一、语法1：反身代词（Reflexive pronouns） 1. 概念与作用 反身代词指代主语，强调“自己”，动作回指自身；可作宾语、表语、同位语，常配固定短语，与主语人称/数一致。 核心短语：by oneself（独自）、teach oneself（自学）、enjoy oneself（玩得开心）、dress oneself（自己穿衣）、hurt oneself（伤到自己） 2. 完整形式对照表 人称/数 主格 反身代词 例句 第一人称单数 I myself I finish homework by myself. 第二人称单数 you yourself You should ask yourself first. 第三人称单数 she/he/it herself/himself/itself She taught herself math. 第一人称复数 we ourselves We enjoyed ourselves at the party. 第二人称复数 you yourselves You can do it yourselves. 第三人称复数 they themselves They went hiking by themselves. 3. 用法详解 宾语（动作回指自己）：He hurt himself.（他伤到自己） 表语（系动词后，状态）：She is not herself today.（她今天状态不好） 同位语（强调“亲自”，可删）：I myself made the cake.（我亲自做的蛋糕） 4. 易混点辨析 反身代词 vs 形容词性物主代词 反身代词：不接名词，表动作回指自己（He washed himself.） 形容词性物主代词：必须接名词，表所属（He washed his hands.） 二、语法2：情态动词must/mustn’t, should/shouldn’t 1. 核心语气与规则 情态动词后接动词原形，无人称/数变化；七下重点：义务/禁止/建议、must肯定猜测（仅肯定句）、can’t否定猜测（不用mustn’t）。 must/mustn’t：强硬，必须/禁止（法定、校规、危险行为，无商量） should/shouldn’t：委婉，应该/不应该（健康、礼仪、学习建议，可商量） 2. 用法详解 模块1：must/mustn’t 表“必须/禁止” 句式 含义 例句 主语+must+动词原形 必须（法定/校规） You must wear seat belts. 主语+mustn’t+动词原形 禁止（危险/违法） You mustn’t play with fire. Must+主语+动词原形？ 必须吗？ —Must I go now? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 模块2：should/shouldn’t 表“应该/不应该” 句式 含义 例句 主语+should+动词原形 应该（建议） You should eat more vegetables. 主语+shouldn’t+动词原形 不应该（劝诫） You shouldn’t watch TV too late. Should+主语+动词原形？ 应该吗？ —Should I see a doctor? —Yes, you should. 模块3：must肯定猜测 / can’t否定猜测 猜测类型 句式 例句 肯定（一定） 主语+must+be+名词/形容词/介词短语 The ight is on. He must be at home. 否定（不可能） 主语+can’t+be+名词/形容词/介词短语 He is in Shanghai. He can’t be in Beijing. 3. 高频易混点辨析（直击错题） mustn’t vs don’t have to mustn’t：禁止（You mustn’t smoke here.） don’t have to：不必（You don’t have to finish today.） must猜测 vs should推测 must：明确依据，极肯定（The ground is wet. It must have rained.） should：常理推测，语气弱（The bus should come soon.） 三、练习题 基础题一：反身代词 1. I can look after ________ (I) when parents are out. 2. The boy taught ________ (he) math and got good grades. 3. We enjoyed ________ (we) at the summer camp last month. 4. You should dress ________ (you) quickly, or you’ll be late. 5. The cat hurt ________ (it) when climbing the tree. 6. They went to the cinema by ________ (they) yesterday. 7. My sister ________ (she) made this card for my birthday.（同位语） 8. She always tells ________ (she) to be calm when meeting problems. 9. We learned to swim by ________ (we) with the teacher’s help. 10. The children can wash ________ (they) hands by themselves now. 基础题二：情态动词 11. We ________ (must/should) follow traffic rules. It’s a law. 12. You ________ (must/should) drink more hot water when you have a cold. 13. You ________ (mustn’t/shouldn’t) play with fire. It’s dangerous. 14. We ________ (mustn’t/shouldn’t) be late for class. It’s impolite. 15. Students ________ (must/should) wear school uniforms on school days. 16. You ________ (must/should) say sorry if you break her pen. 17. Drivers ________ (mustn’t/shouldn’t) drive after drinking. It’s against the law. 18. We ________ (mustn’t/shouldn’t) waste water. It’s precious. 19. —________ (Must/Should) I finish the work today? —No, you needn’t. 20. —________ (Must/Should) I take an umbrella? —Yes, it’s going to rain. 基础题三：must/can’t表猜测 21. The light in his room is on. He ________ (must/can) be at home. 22. She speaks English very well. She ________ (must/can) be an English teacher. 23. The box is very heavy. It ________ (must/can) be full of books. 24. He is only 4. He ________ (can’t/mustn’t) go to primary school. 25. The ground is dry. It ________ (can’t/mustn’t) have rained last night. 提升题：综合运用 26. The girl taught ________ (she) piano and she ________ (should/must) practice every day. 27. We ________ (mustn’t/shouldn’t) swim in the lake, and we should protect ________ (we) from danger. 28. He ________ (must/should) be tired. He worked 10 hours yesterday.（猜测） 29. You ________ (should/must) tell ________ (you) to remember new words every morning. 30. They enjoyed ________ (they) at the party, and they ________ (should/must) go home early. 31. The baby can’t dress ________ (she), so her mother ________ (must/should) help her. 32. —Must I clean my room now? —No, you needn’t. You ________ (can/should) do it this afternoon. 33. The door is locked. They ________ (must/can’t) be at home now.（猜测） 34. We ________ (should/must) learn English by ________ (we) to improve quickly. 35. You ________ (mustn’t/shouldn’t) touch broken glass. It ________ (must/can) be dangerous.（猜测） 四、答案与解析 基础题一：反身代词 1. myself 解析：look after oneself（照顾自己），I→myself 2. himself 解析：teach oneself（自学），the boy→himself 3. ourselves 解析：enjoy oneself（玩得开心），we→ourselves 4. yourself 解析：dress oneself（自己穿衣），you→yourself 5. itself 解析：主语the cat，动作回指→itself 6. themselves 解析：by oneself（独自），they→themselves 7. herself 解析：同位语，强调“亲自”，my sister→herself 8. herself 解析：tell oneself（告诉自己），she→herself 9. ourselves 解析：learn...by oneself（自学），we→ourselves 10. their 解析：后接hands（名词），用形容词性物主代词；易错：反身代词不接名词 基础题二：情态动词 11. must 解析：交通规则是法律，硬性要求（法定考点） 12. should 解析：感冒多喝水是健康建议，语气委婉 13. mustn’t 解析：玩火危险，绝对禁止（危险行为考点） 14. shouldn’t 解析：迟到不礼貌，否定建议 15. must 解析：穿校服是校规，硬性义务 16. should 解析：犯错道歉是合理建议 17. mustn’t 解析：酒驾违法，绝对禁止（违法考点） 18. shouldn’t 解析：浪费水不好，环保建议 19. Must 解析：否定回答needn’t，对应must提问（七下重点） 20. Should 解析：根据天气提建议，语气委婉 基础题三：must/can’t表猜测 21. must 解析：灯亮是明确依据，肯定猜测（仅肯定句） 22. must 解析：英语好是依据，肯定猜测身份 23. must 解析：重是依据，肯定猜测状态 24. can’t 解析：4岁是依据，否定猜测；易错：否定猜测用can’t，不用mustn’t 25. can’t 解析：地面干是依据，否定猜测；易错：同24 提升题：综合运用 26. herself; must 解析：teach oneself（自学）；练琴是硬性义务，用must 27. mustn’t; ourselves 解析：湖里游泳危险，mustn’t；protect oneself（保护自己），we→ourselves 28. must 解析：工作10小时是依据，肯定猜测状态 29. should; yourself 解析：记单词是建议；tell oneself（告诉自己），you→yourself 30. themselves; should 解析：enjoy oneself（玩得开心）；早点回家是安全建议 31. herself; must 解析：dress oneself（自己穿衣）；宝宝不会，妈妈必须帮忙 32. should 解析：不必现在做，建议下午做，语气委婉 33. can’t 解析：门锁是依据，否定猜测（七下猜测考点） 34. should; ourselves 解析：自学英语是建议；learn...by oneself（自学），we→ourselves 35. mustn’t; must 解析：碰碎玻璃危险，mustn’t；有依据的肯定猜测“一定危险” ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $