Unit10语法：物主代词 & 一般过去时（Ⅱ）2025-2026学年仁爱科普版七年级英语下册

仁爱英语七下Unit10语法 物主代词 & 一般过去时（Ⅱ） 一、语法1：物主代词（Possessive pronouns） 1. 概念与分类 物主代词用来表示“所属关系”，分为两类： 形容词性物主代词（Determinative possessive pronouns）：必须后接名词，在句中作定语，相当于“形容词+名词”。 名词性物主代词（Nominal possessive pronouns）：可以单独使用，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 2. 完整形式对照表 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 例句对比 第一人称单数 my mine This is my pen. → This pen is mine. 第二人称单数 your yours Is this your bike? → Is this bike yours? 第三人称单数 his/her/its his/hers/its That is his dog. → That dog is his. 第一人称复数 our ours This is our house. → This house is ours. 第二人称复数 your yours Are these your books? → Are these books yours? 第三人称复数 their theirs Those are their toys. → Those toys are theirs. 3. 核心用法区别 形容词性物主代词：像“形容词”，后面必须跟名词，不能单独出现。 ✅ This is my classroom.（正确） ❌ This is my.（错误，缺少名词） 名词性物主代词：像“名词”，可以直接作主语、宾语或表语，后面不能再跟名词。 ✅ The red bike is hers.（正确，单独作表语） ❌ The red bike is her bike.（冗余，her已经表示“她的”，再加bike重复） 二、语法2：一般过去时（Ⅱ） 1. 概念 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或过去存在的状态，常与明确的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday、last week、just now、three days ago等。 2. 结构详解 （1）be动词的一般过去时 肯定句：主语 + was/were 例：I was at home yesterday. / They were in the park just now. 否定句：主语 + was/were + not（可缩写为wasn’t/weren’t） 例：She wasn’t happy last night. / We weren’t late for school. 疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + ...? 例：Was he in Shanghai yesterday? / Were you busy last weekend? 回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. 例：—Were you at the party? —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. （2）实义动词的一般过去时 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 例：We planted trees last Saturday. / He collected money for animals. 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 例：They didn’t water the flowers yesterday. / I didn’t ride my bike to school. 疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...? 例：Did you help at the community center? / Did they have fun? 回答：Yes, 主语 + did. / No, 主语 + didn’t. 例：—Did you go to the garden? —Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. 3. 动词过去式变化规则 规则变化： a. 一般动词直接加-ed：plant → planted，water → watered b. 以e结尾的动词加-d：like → liked，live → lived c. 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-ed：study → studied，carry → carried d. 重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed：stop → stopped，plan → planned 不规则变化（需重点记忆）： do → did，go → went，have → had，dig → dug，ride → rode，make → made 三、练习题 基础题（物主代词） 1. This is ____________ (I) mother. The bag is ____________ (she). 2. —Is this ____________ (you) ruler? —Yes, it’s ____________ (I). 3. The cat is ____________ (they). ____________ (they) cat is white. 4. These are ____________ (we) books. Those books are ____________ (you). 5. The house is ____________ (he). ____________ (he) house is big. 基础题（一般过去时） 6. I ____________ (water) the plants yesterday morning. 7. ____________ (be) your parents at home last night? 8. They ____________ (not plant) trees last weekend. 9. ____________ (do) you go to the community garden? —Yes, I ____________ (do). 10. She ____________ (dig) a hole and ____________ (plant) a flower just now. 提升题（综合运用） 11. —Whose kite is this? —It’s ____________ (Lily). She made it by ____________ (she). 12. My bike is red, and ____________ (her) is blue. We ____________ (ride) them to school yesterday. 13. ____________ (we) classroom is big, but ____________ (they) is bigger. 14. He ____________ (not help) his neighbor last week. 15. —____________ (be) you in the library just now? —No, I ____________ (be) in the playground. 拓展题（语篇填空） Last Sunday, we did volunteer work in the community garden. We ____________ (dig) holes and ____________ (plant) vegetables. The garden is ____________ (we) now. We love ____________ (we) community because everyone helps each other. After work, we ____________ (have) a picnic. The food was ____________ (we), and the drinks were ____________ (they). We ____________ (be) all happy and tired. 挑战题（句型转换） 16. This is my book.（改为同义句） This book is ____________. 17. They planted trees in the community.（改为否定句） They ____________ ____________ trees in the community. 18. We were at home last night.（改为一般疑问句并回答） —____________ ____________ at home last night? —Yes, ____________ ____________. / No, ____________ ____________. 19. He helped his uncle yesterday.（对划线部分提问） ____________ ____________ he ____________ yesterday? 20. The bike is hers.（对划线部分提问） ____________ bike ____________ this? 四、答案与解析 基础题（物主代词） 1. my; hers 解析：第一空后有名词mother，用形容词性物主代词my；第二空单独作表语，用名词性物主代词hers。 2. your; mine 解析：第一空后有名词ruler，用your；第二空单独作表语，用mine。 3. theirs; Their 解析：第一空单独作表语，用theirs；第二空后有名词cat，用形容词性物主代词Their。 4. our; yours 解析：第一空后有名词books，用our；第二空单独作表语，用yours。 5. his; His 解析：第一空单独作表语，用his；第二空后有名词house，用形容词性物主代词His。 基础题（一般过去时） 6. watered 解析：yesterday morning是过去时间，动词water的过去式为watered。 7. Were 解析：last night是过去时间，主语是your parents（复数），be动词用Were。 8. didn’t plant 解析：last weekend是过去时间，实义动词的否定形式用didn’t + 动词原形。 9. Did; did 解析：一般过去时的疑问句用Did开头，回答用did。 10. dug; planted 解析：just now是过去时间，dig和plant的过去式分别为dug和planted。 提升题（综合运用） 11. Lily’s; herself 解析：第一空表示“Lily的风筝”，用名词所有格Lily’s；第二空by oneself是固定搭配，意为“独自”，用herself。 12. hers; rode 解析：第一空单独作主语，用名词性物主代词hers；第二空yesterday是过去时间，ride的过去式为rode。 13. Our; theirs 解析：第一空后有名词classroom，用Our；第二空单独作主语，用theirs。 14. didn’t help 解析：last week是过去时间，实义动词的否定形式用didn’t + 动词原形。 15. Were; was 解析：just now是过去时间，主语是you，be动词用Were；回答中主语是I，用was。 拓展题（语篇填空） dug; planted; ours; our; had; ours; theirs; were 解析：前两空last Sunday是过去时间，dig和plant的过去式分别为dug和planted；第三空单独作表语，用ours；第四空后有名词community，用our；第五空after work表示过去时间，have的过去式为had；第六、七空单独作表语，分别用ours和theirs；最后一空主语是we，be动词用were。 挑战题（句型转换） 16. mine 解析：my book = mine，名词性物主代词单独作表语。 17. didn’t plant 解析：实义动词一般过去时的否定形式为didn’t + 动词原形。 18. Were you; we were; we weren’t 解析：一般过去时的疑问句将were提前，回答保持时态一致。 19. What did; do 解析：对动作提问用What，一般过去时疑问句用did，动词用原形do。 20. Whose; is 解析：对“谁的”提问用Whose，主语是this，be动词用is。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $