题型综训09：题型之阅读 -阅读单选题、阅读六选四组合练（IV）（综合训练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题型综训09：阅读理解、六选四组合练（IV） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me. When it was cold outside, we sat on the couch late at night with the fire blazing in the fireplace. I leaned against her shoulder and watched the lines on her face disappear as she used her voice to imitate the characters in the book. It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time. My mother’s lines would melt away during those moments because she wasn’t thinking about cooking, cleaning, disciplining, or paying the bills. When she read Cinderella to me, she would make me feel the transition from ashes to riches because she was using her imagination to feel it, too. When I became a busy parent with my children, I understood my mother’s sacrifices for sharing that late-night story time with me. But, somehow, I think she needed it as much as I did. Years later, I had the opportunity to visit an elementary school recently to read to the first-grade class for National Children’s book week. Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and instills (逐步培养) a sense of security they never forget. It’s when the parent focuses on the child without distractions, and a child can feel that. I did. For a moment, we aren’t adults with all the answers and rules, but someone lost in a story with our children. Reading and letting our imagination travel is not just for children, either. When I am at my busiest and feel the most stressed in my life, I find a book and let myself get lost for a while. The difference between reading a book, hanging out on your iPad, or lounging in front of the television to relax is that when you read a book, the story can be what you imagine it to be, and you can learn as fast or as slow as you want to. I like that. 1．What impressed the author most? A．His mother read to him during his childhood. B．Mom warmed him with the fire in the fireplace. C．They sat on the couch enjoying the TV series. D．He imitated the characters in the book. 2．What made the author have contradictory feelings? A．He slipped out of his bed and tiptoed to mum. B．He did everything when others were asleep. C．He was always lost in the crowd. D．He stole mum’s time to relax but enjoyed it. 3．Which is the benefit of reading together according to the passage? A．It helps kids perform well in elementary school. B．It helps kids form a sense of security. C．It helps parents focus on reading without distractions. D．It helps adults find answers and rules. 4．What is the passage mainly aimed at? A．Calling on kids to read more classical literature. B．Promoting the idea of parent-child reading. C．Advertising for National Children’s book week. D．Relieving everyday stress. B COOL INVENTIONSBETTER ‘LEATHER’ These shoes are ‘grown’ by bacteria! Leather is a material that’s made from the skin of animals. It’s used to create lots of products. From shoes to handbags to furniture. But the chemicals typically used to preserve the animal skins are bad for the environment. The chemicals pollute the water and air nearby, and they can make the leather workers sick. Plus, livestock farmers cut down trees in forests so the cows used for leather and meat have room to graze. But in the future, you might slip on a more sustainable pair of shoes. National Geographic Explorer Theanoe Schiros is experimenting with bacteria and living things — to “grow” shoes with a similar texture to real leather! The shoes are zero waste, chemical free, fully decomposable and still super strong. Discover how these cool kicks come to life. 3Then the microbes spin the sugar into threads of cellulose (纤维素) to create protective shells around themselves to keep from drying out. (Cellulose is the same stuff that trees are made of!) 2The team places the microbes in a vessel like this beaker, along with food waste like fruit pulp. The microbes eat the sugar in the food. 1Schiros and her team start with bacteria cells that are too small to see without a microscope. Seventy of these rod-shaped (杆状的) microbes would fit across the width of a human hair! 4A lot of microbes + a lot of sugar =a mass of cellulose! 5Next the team cleans the mass and treats it with a sunflower seed-based recipe to make the material soft and strong — similar to traditional leather. Then it’s dried flat. 6Want it to be colored? A natural dye made of indigo will work. For black, use the bark (树枝) from the acacia tree followed by a dip in iron-filled water (The iron comes from old carpentry nails!) Around a hundred billion pieces of clothing are made each year. Of that clothing, about 90 percent eventually gets thrown away. HOW CAN YOU HELP? Don’t toss out damaged shoes! Instead, take them to a shoe mender to be fixed. You’ve outgrown them? Host a clothing exchange with friends. 7Each piece of cellulose can be specially grown into the shape of the part of the shoe it will become. The pieces are then sewn together. These shoes grew in just 30 days, and they’ll last for years! 5．The bacteria-grown shoes have been developed to ________. ① produce shoes of better quality              ② improve visual design ③ protect the health of leather workers         ④ reduce environmental pollution A．①③ B．②④ C．③④ D．①④ 6．Which of the following statements is true about the procedure of growing leather? A．The raw materials include microbes about the width of a human hair. B．The microbes can be transformed into a mass of cellulose after consuming sugar. C．With a special treatment, the material can possess a texture similar to genuine leather. D．The material can be dyed black after a dip in natural dye made from indigo. 7．Who is this article most likely intended for? A．Chemistry majors. B．Materials science experts. C．Shoe manufacturers. D．General science readers. C Soon after sunset, a strange clicking fills the air at Hanningfield Reservoir in Essex. Some noises come from bat detectors, which change the high sounds made by bats into ones people can hear. Others come from small counters used by volunteers to count the bats flying out of a building. The noise sounds like experimental electronic music. About 20 years ago, conservationists first noticed soprano pipistrelles — tiny British bats — at Hanningfield. Since then, the colony has grown from around 500 in the early 2010s to over 2,000 today. This is just one example of a wider trend. Bat numbers are rising in Britain, which shows that some environmental laws are working, even if they sometimes make building new homes or roads more difficult. Bats are harder to count than birds because they come out at night and make sounds we can’t hear. But studies of their feeding and roosting (栖息) habits show that nearly all common bat species have increased since the late 1990s. One type, the greater horseshoe bat, has tripled in number. In contrast, many bird populations are still falling. Still, Britain likely has fewer bats than it did in the past. In the 18th century, the naturalist Gilbert White reported seeing hundreds at once over the Thames. But after World War II, poisonous chemicals, bad weather, and modern farming reduced their numbers. Old farm buildings, piles of dry grass, and broken farm machines, once perfect bat homes, disappeared. Because bats live long lives, have only one baby a year, and depend on group homes, losing even one large roost can hurt their numbers for years. Thankfully, strict environmental laws have made these losses rare. British bats also seem less affected by white-nose syndrome, a deadly disease that has wiped out many bats in North America. These days bats have the magical power of blocking housing and infrastructure, or raising its cost. In Norfolk, plans for a new road have been suspended because of rare barbastelle bats. A special bridge for bats along the HS2 railway is costing over £100 million. For a government eager for growth, this is unacceptable. A new law may reduce bat protections, letting developers destroy habitats as long as they pay to restore them elsewhere. For bat protectors, this creates a “licence to kill”. Public attitudes to bats have warmed over the years, though not to the point of adoration. Technology, like better bat detectors, might help more people learn to love them. The better you know something, the more you worry about it. 8．What do we know about the bats at Hanningfield Reservoir? A．Their sounds are being monitored by devices and volunteers. B．Their numbers have grown because of the relaxed regulations. C．They have caused huge disturbances to nearby construction. D．They represent the largest bat colony ever recorded in Britain. 9．Which line chart shows the correct trend of the bats population? A． B． C． D． 10．Why are bats subject to habitat losses? A．Because their natural habitats can keep them from various deadly diseases. B．Because they lose the magical power to protect the modern farm buildings. C．Because individual bats cannot survive without constant group communication. D．Because their low reproduction rate and long lifespan require stability for growth. 11．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? A．Habitat Loss and Disease: The Ongoing Threats to Bat Survival B．Bats and Technology: How Detectors Are Changing Conservation C．From Past to Present: The Tragic Fate of UK’s Bat Populations D．The Comeback of Bats: A Conservation Success Story with Challenges Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. ADHD (注意缺陷多动障碍) in Adults The doctors had ADHD wrong. For decades, many doctors believed that children with ADHD might simply grow out of it. 12 While some seven million children in the United States are currently diagnosed with ADHD, a recent survey from the Centers for Disease Control shows that 15.5 million American adults also have the disorder. Today, researchers recognize that adult ADHD tends to look different because adults are often better at masking the symptoms. People living with ADHD typically have difficulty paying attention or staying on task. 13 “Where a child may not be able to sit calmly in a classroom and continuously gets out of their seat, an adult may be very impatient at red lights or waiting in grocery store lines,” says Jill RachBeisel, a psychology professor at the University of Maryland Medical Center. “And where a child may impatiently raise their hand in class and upset the flow, an adult may interrupt others’ conversations.” 14 In children and adults alike, such symptoms can range from “very mild to very severe,” RachBeisel says. Having ADHD means that a person frequently exhibits these tendencies across multiple situations, including school, home, or work, weakening the ability to complete tasks. Craig Surman, a physician who runs the adult ADHD research program, explains that though the hyperactive nature of the disorder usually decreases in adulthood, “the inattentive symptoms often persist.” The growing percentage of ADHD in adults is driven in part by greater awareness of the disorder and people with previously missed diagnoses reaching out for help. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition, meaning it affects how the brain develops and functions, and is mostly genetic. 15 . Some researchers are now suggesting that our overreliance on technology could worsen the disorder or cause similar symptoms. A．But new evidence reveals a different truth. B．Then there is the intensity of the reactions to consider. C．These symptoms can greatly affect adults’ daily lives and work. D．Environmental factors or issues during pregnancy may also play a role. E．Most studies show that signs of ADHD will continue into adulthood. F．They may feel restless, talk too much, act suddenly by interrupting others, or struggle in situations that require waiting their turn. 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A It was a day as Australian as you can get: Sun, waves and surfing at the beach. And then something distinctly un-Australian turned up. Aaron Fowler and a friend were heading back to the parking lot after a day in the waves. “We saw something coming out of the water,” Mr. Fowler, a drywall repairman, said. “We thought it was a sea bird, but then we thought, ‘Oh, that’s way too big,’ and it had a big, long neck and a tail sticking out like a duck. It stood up in the water and waddled straight up to us and just started cleaning itself,” Standing there on the beach in the small town of Denmark in Western Australia on Friday afternoon was a male emperor penguin, about 2,100 miles from where one might expect to find it, in Antarctica. Mr. Fowler had seen plenty of dolphins and other creatures in the waves, including one leopard seal, which is also native to Antarctica, but he never expected a penguin. “We were in shock,” he said. Even someone with years of experience studying penguins was surprised at the sighting. “That crazy young penguin,” said Dee Boersma, a professor of biology at the University of Washington and author of “Penguins: Natural History and Conservation.” “Emperor penguins move around, because they have to be on an ice sheet or a glacier to raise young, and the glaciers are eroding away,” she said. “That’s not unusual. You’ve got to continue to swim until you find food. But this is the furthest north I’ve heard of an emperor penguin.” Record low sea-ice levels in the Antarctic have wreaked havoc (破坏)on the lives of emperor penguins. Penguins have sought new breeding grounds as a result, but normally they stay relatively close to their old homes. The penguin who arrived in Australia did not seem to have been flummoxed too much by its new surroundings. The penguin “seemed completely happy,” Mr. Fowler said. “It was not at all shy. It was very friendly. It was quite happy in our company.” Mr. Fowler alerted the authorities about the newly immigrated Aussie penguin. It was picked up and is being cared for; its rehabilitation is expected to take a few weeks, the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions of Western Australia said. “The penguin appeared to be malnourished,” the agency said, “and was removed from the beach to avoid potential threats from dogs, cats, foxes and vehicles.” 1．Why was Dee Boersma, the biology professor, surprised at the sighting of the penguin? A．Because she had never seen a penguin before. B．Because the penguin was in a place far from its usual habitat. C．Because the penguin was swimming in the waves. D．Because the penguin was alone and seemed lost. 2．What is the main reason emperor penguins have to move around to find new breeding grounds? A．To escape from predators. B．To find more food. C．To follow the glaciers that are eroding away. D．To raise their young in safer environments. 3．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 8 means A．The penguin was very nervous in its new environment. B．The penguin was quite shy and unfriendly. C．The penguin adapted well to its new surroundings. D．The penguin was confused and perplexed by its new environment. 4．What is the main idea of the article? A．A surprising encounter with a friendly penguin in Australia. B．The impact of climate change on emperor penguins’habitat. C．The rehabilitation process of a malnourished penguin in Australia. D．The differences between sand and snow for emperor penguins. B Humans are born explorers and adventurers. We have this “desire” to explore new places and to go beyond. We have already climbed the highest mountain, explored the vastness of the Antarctica and the emptiness of Sahara. We have also reached outer space, stepped on the surface of our neighbour, the moon, and one day might even explore the vastness of our universe. There seems to be no end to humanity’s appetite for exploring our surroundings and the unknown. However, there are still some places on Earth that have not yet been reached or fully explored. And these places are some of the most isolated and mysterious places on this planet. Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean Located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, the Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the world’s oceans. The trench measures around 2,550 km long and 70 km wide on average, and reaches a depth of over 10,994 metres at one small part known as the Challenger Deep. The Mariana Trench is considered one of the least explored parts of the world due to its extreme depth. At this depth, the water pressure can be very dangerous. Still, life can be found in this part of the ocean. Previous expeditions to the trench have revealed a number of organisms and sea creatures, living in the deep sea. Vale do Javari, Brazil With an area of about 85,444. 82 km², Vale do Javari is one of the largest indigenous territories in Brazil. The rainforest was named after the vast Javari River, which is the most important river system in the region. It is one of the most isolated places on Earth and also one of the hardest places to reach. The isolation of this remote place is largely due to the thick forest and extreme geographic location. In spite of its isolation, the tropical rainforest is home to a great number of indigenous people or Indian tribes. Those tribes, believed to be as many as 200 to 3,300 people, were first discovered through satellite images of the vast rainforest. Entering the region is prohibited by Brazilian law and the Vale do Javari is especially well-protected from outsiders and explorers by a local organisation dedicated to maintaining its rich biodiversity and protecting the forest from exploitation. Tsingy de Bemaraha Located near the western coast of Madagascar, the Tsingy de Bemaraha has been on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990 to protect its unique geography and preserve the mangrove forests. The place is also home to huge numbers of animals and even new species. Some of the biggest attractions in this protected reserve are the incredibly needle-shaped limestone formations. However, those formations pose great dangers to explorers. In fact, the word “Tsingy” is derived from a local word, which means “the place where one cannot walk barefoot.” The limestone formations are terribly sharp and can easily cut through flesh with deadly effect, which makes exploring them extremely difficult and dangerous. Access to this nature reserve is limited, although tourists can reach the area either by road or plane. 5．Why is the Mariana Trench considered one of the least explored places on Earth? A．It is located too far from any continent. B．Its width makes it impossible to map accurately. C．It lacks any signs of life or scientific value. D．Its extreme depth leads to dangerous water pressure. 6．Based on the description of Vale do Javari, which of the following can be inferred about its indigenous tribes? A．They actively engage with modern society through trade. B．Their existence was confirmed through technological means. C．They rely on the Javari River for transportation to cities. D．Their population is precisely documented by Brazilian authorities. 7．What can be concluded about the Tsingy de Bemaraha from the local meaning of “Tsingy”? A．It is a popular tourist destination for hiking enthusiasts. B．The area is primarily covered by mangrove forests. C．Its limestone formations are exceptionally sharp and hazardous. D．Visitors must remove their shoes to enter the reserve. C Have you been a struggling learner or a strong reader? Have you ever had needs such as additional time on tests or for teachers to speak more slowly? Processing speed is key to becoming a strong and fluent reader. What you might not know is just how important auditory processing is reading skills. Auditory processing is how the brain attaches meaning to the sounds that one hears. It is a different process than hearing itself, which involves the physical mechanics of the ear. You might hear sounds at the right pitch (音高) and volume, but without auditory processing, they will sound like Charlie Brown’s teacher going “wah wah wah” through an unclear horn (喇叭). Chances are that kids who struggle with auditory processing also struggle with reading, because such problems always lead to a hard time mastering more advanced skills, such as fluency and comprehension, which affect learning in all subject areas. The domino effect of struggles with auditory processing can thus dramatically impact reading achievement. Some students may receive a diagnosis of auditory processing disorder, while others may have underdeveloped auditory processing skills. Fortunately, the right training can improve the experience-dependent brain’s processing networks in just the way each learner needs. Slowing down the rate of speech and emphasizing specific sounds can be beneficial for students who struggle with auditory processing, as well as language learners who are learning new sounds in their second language. A decreased pace allows these students to develop accurate phonological (语音的) representations while increasing comprehension. But for some students, that may not be enough. That’s where technology comes in. For example, the Fast For Word software, which is driven by acoustically (听觉上) modified speech, gradually speeds up the sound at rates personalized to students’ progress. By the end of the program, they will have caught up and mastered the reading skills that require fast and precise auditory processing. That makes all the other reading pieces line up more easily: phonics, decoding, fluency, and comprehension. And, before the child knows it, he might have become a strong and confident reader and learner. Now that you know what sound has to do with reading, pay attention to how you are learning to read. If you find yourself struggling, could your auditory processing or processing speed be a reason? If so, it may be time to get them glasses for the ears. 8．What’s the author’s intention of mentioning Charlie Brown’s teacher? A．To demonstrate auditory processing speed affects reading ability. B．To show a lot of students struggle with reading. C．To show Charlie Brown has a bad teacher. D．To indicate auditory processing is what makes sounds meaningful. 9．What can we learn about auditory hearing from the passage? A．Auditory processing is how sounds one hears affect the brain. B．Auditory processing has nothing to do with the physical process of hearing. C．Auditory processing speed is largely determined by one’s intelligence. D．Auditory processing can affect a child’s reading ability. 10．What is the author’s attitude towards the Fast ForWord software? A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Hesitant. D．Disapproving. 11．______ can’t help students improve their auditory processing ability. A．Slowing down the rate of speech and emphasizing specific sounds. B．Using the Fast For Word software. C．Giving students additional time on tests. D．Developing training programs on oral language skills. Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How good are you at saying “no”? For many, it’s surprisingly difficult. 12 Consider these scenes: It’s late in the day. That front-page package you’ve been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it’s finished. Then enters the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: “No! It’s done!” What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is “don’t say no.” 13 The second rule is “don’t raise the risks by challenging his authority.” That issue is already decided. The third rule is “to be ready to cite options and consequences.” The boss’s suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. He might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell him he can have what he wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what he’s trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you’ve done so far. Here’s another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. 14 If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This case is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter (过滤) story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your natural reaction and strong rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a “What if…?” agreement covering “What if my idea is turned down?” How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it? 15 A．This one should be easy, but it’s not. B．Successful negotiators always look at the situation from the other side’s perspective. C．He probably has something in mind when he makes suggestions, and it’s up to you to find out what. D．This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. E．Be kind and give him positive feedback before your refusal and be specific about what you do like or appreciate about him. F．By anticipating “What if…?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding and it will help ease you out of conflicts. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型综训09：阅读理解、六选四组合练（IV） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me. When it was cold outside, we sat on the couch late at night with the fire blazing in the fireplace. I leaned against her shoulder and watched the lines on her face disappear as she used her voice to imitate the characters in the book. It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time. My mother’s lines would melt away during those moments because she wasn’t thinking about cooking, cleaning, disciplining, or paying the bills. When she read Cinderella to me, she would make me feel the transition from ashes to riches because she was using her imagination to feel it, too. When I became a busy parent with my children, I understood my mother’s sacrifices for sharing that late-night story time with me. But, somehow, I think she needed it as much as I did. Years later, I had the opportunity to visit an elementary school recently to read to the first-grade class for National Children’s book week. Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and instills (逐步培养) a sense of security they never forget. It’s when the parent focuses on the child without distractions, and a child can feel that. I did. For a moment, we aren’t adults with all the answers and rules, but someone lost in a story with our children. Reading and letting our imagination travel is not just for children, either. When I am at my busiest and feel the most stressed in my life, I find a book and let myself get lost for a while. The difference between reading a book, hanging out on your iPad, or lounging in front of the television to relax is that when you read a book, the story can be what you imagine it to be, and you can learn as fast or as slow as you want to. I like that. 1．What impressed the author most? A．His mother read to him during his childhood. B．Mom warmed him with the fire in the fireplace. C．They sat on the couch enjoying the TV series. D．He imitated the characters in the book. 2．What made the author have contradictory feelings? A．He slipped out of his bed and tiptoed to mum. B．He did everything when others were asleep. C．He was always lost in the crowd. D．He stole mum’s time to relax but enjoyed it. 3．Which is the benefit of reading together according to the passage? A．It helps kids perform well in elementary school. B．It helps kids form a sense of security. C．It helps parents focus on reading without distractions. D．It helps adults find answers and rules. 4．What is the passage mainly aimed at? A．Calling on kids to read more classical literature. B．Promoting the idea of parent-child reading. C．Advertising for National Children’s book week. D．Relieving everyday stress. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者深情回忆童年母亲深夜为自己读书的美好时光，成为父母后理解母亲的付出。借自身经历强调亲子共读对孩子成长意义重大，还能助成年人缓解压力，倡导亲子共读。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me. (我童年最美好的回忆之一是我母亲给我读书的时候。)”以及后文对母亲给作者读书的各种描述可知，作者童年时母亲给他读书这件事给他留下了最深刻的印象。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time. (这本来可能是她在照顾孩子和丈夫一整天后放松的时间，但相反，当我从床上溜下来，在其他人都睡着后踮着脚尖回到客厅时，她会微笑。作为11个孩子中最小的一个，有时很容易在人群中被忽视，而我珍惜那些时刻；我可以坐在她身边，知道那是只属于我的时间。)”可知，母亲本可以在那时放松，而作者却占用了母亲的放松时间，但他又很享受和母亲在一起的这些时刻，所以作者有这种矛盾的感觉。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and installs (逐步培养) a sense of security they never forget. (除了帮孩子培养阅读兴趣，这也是一种与孩子拉近距离的美好方式，还能为他们逐步培养起一份终生难忘的安全感。)”可知，亲子共读的好处是能帮助孩子形成安全感。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段“Reading and letting our imagination travel is not just for children, either. When I am at my busiest and feel the most stressed in my life, I find a book and let myself get lost for a while. The difference between reading a book, hanging out on your iPad, or lounging in front of the television to relax is that when you read a book, the story can be what you imagine it to be, and you can learn as fast or as slow as you want to. I like that. ( 读书并任想象驰骋，并非孩童专属。每当生活忙碌到极点、压力最大时，我会找本书，让自己沉浸其中片刻。读书、刷平板或窝在电视前放松，三者的区别在于：读书时，故事的模样能由你想象塑造，阅读节奏也能完全由自己掌控。我就喜欢这一点。)”可知，文章开篇讲述了作者童年时母亲给他读书的美好回忆，接着阐述了自己成为父母后对亲子共读的理解，以及亲子共读的好处，最后还提到阅读对成年人放松的作用，整体围绕亲子共读展开，目的是推广亲子共读的理念。故选B项。 B COOL INVENTIONSBETTER ‘LEATHER’ These shoes are ‘grown’ by bacteria! Leather is a material that’s made from the skin of animals. It’s used to create lots of products. From shoes to handbags to furniture. But the chemicals typically used to preserve the animal skins are bad for the environment. The chemicals pollute the water and air nearby, and they can make the leather workers sick. Plus, livestock farmers cut down trees in forests so the cows used for leather and meat have room to graze. But in the future, you might slip on a more sustainable pair of shoes. National Geographic Explorer Theanoe Schiros is experimenting with bacteria and living things — to “grow” shoes with a similar texture to real leather! The shoes are zero waste, chemical free, fully decomposable and still super strong. Discover how these cool kicks come to life. 3Then the microbes spin the sugar into threads of cellulose (纤维素) to create protective shells around themselves to keep from drying out. (Cellulose is the same stuff that trees are made of!) 2The team places the microbes in a vessel like this beaker, along with food waste like fruit pulp. The microbes eat the sugar in the food. 1Schiros and her team start with bacteria cells that are too small to see without a microscope. Seventy of these rod-shaped (杆状的) microbes would fit across the width of a human hair! 4A lot of microbes + a lot of sugar =a mass of cellulose! 5Next the team cleans the mass and treats it with a sunflower seed-based recipe to make the material soft and strong — similar to traditional leather. Then it’s dried flat. 6Want it to be colored? A natural dye made of indigo will work. For black, use the bark (树枝) from the acacia tree followed by a dip in iron-filled water (The iron comes from old carpentry nails!) Around a hundred billion pieces of clothing are made each year. Of that clothing, about 90 percent eventually gets thrown away. HOW CAN YOU HELP? Don’t toss out damaged shoes! Instead, take them to a shoe mender to be fixed. You’ve outgrown them? Host a clothing exchange with friends. 7Each piece of cellulose can be specially grown into the shape of the part of the shoe it will become. The pieces are then sewn together. These shoes grew in just 30 days, and they’ll last for years! 5．The bacteria-grown shoes have been developed to ________. ① produce shoes of better quality              ② improve visual design ③ protect the health of leather workers         ④ reduce environmental pollution A．①③ B．②④ C．③④ D．①④ 6．Which of the following statements is true about the procedure of growing leather? A．The raw materials include microbes about the width of a human hair. B．The microbes can be transformed into a mass of cellulose after consuming sugar. C．With a special treatment, the material can possess a texture similar to genuine leather. D．The material can be dyed black after a dip in natural dye made from indigo. 7．Who is this article most likely intended for? A．Chemistry majors. B．Materials science experts. C．Shoe manufacturers. D．General science readers. 【答案】5．C 6．C 7．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一种利用细菌和食物残渣培育“生物皮革”来制作鞋子的创新技术，旨在减少污染和保护工人健康，并简述了其制作流程及环保意义。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“But the chemicals typically used to preserve the animal skins are bad for the environment. The chemicals pollute the water and air nearby, and they can make the leather workers sick.(但用于保存动物皮张的这些化学物质对环境有害。这些化学物质会污染附近的水源和空气，还会使制革工人患病)”可知，这种由细菌培育而成的鞋子是为保护皮革工人的健康和减少环境污染而研发的。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据步骤五“Next the team cleans the mass and treats it with a sunflower seed-based recipe to make the material soft and strong — similar to traditional leather.(接下来，该团队清洗了这些物质，并以葵花籽为基础的配方处理它，使材料变得柔软和坚固——类似于传统的皮革)”可知，C选项“经过特殊处理后，这种材料能够拥有与真皮革相似的质地”正确。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据HOW CAN YOU HELP?部分“Don’t toss out damaged shoes! Instead, take them to a shoe mender to be fixed. You’ve outgrown them? Host a clothing exchange with friends.(别把损坏的鞋子扔掉！而是把它们送到鞋修补店去修复。鞋子已经不合脚了？那就和朋友们举办一场衣物交换活动吧)”以及文章标题为“COOL INVENTIONS(酷发明)”可知，文章内容通俗易懂，配有步骤图示，并在最后呼吁读者如何环保，属于科普类文章。由此推知，这篇文章最有可能是写给普通科学读者的。故选D。 C Soon after sunset, a strange clicking fills the air at Hanningfield Reservoir in Essex. Some noises come from bat detectors, which change the high sounds made by bats into ones people can hear. Others come from small counters used by volunteers to count the bats flying out of a building. The noise sounds like experimental electronic music. About 20 years ago, conservationists first noticed soprano pipistrelles — tiny British bats — at Hanningfield. Since then, the colony has grown from around 500 in the early 2010s to over 2,000 today. This is just one example of a wider trend. Bat numbers are rising in Britain, which shows that some environmental laws are working, even if they sometimes make building new homes or roads more difficult. Bats are harder to count than birds because they come out at night and make sounds we can’t hear. But studies of their feeding and roosting (栖息) habits show that nearly all common bat species have increased since the late 1990s. One type, the greater horseshoe bat, has tripled in number. In contrast, many bird populations are still falling. Still, Britain likely has fewer bats than it did in the past. In the 18th century, the naturalist Gilbert White reported seeing hundreds at once over the Thames. But after World War II, poisonous chemicals, bad weather, and modern farming reduced their numbers. Old farm buildings, piles of dry grass, and broken farm machines, once perfect bat homes, disappeared. Because bats live long lives, have only one baby a year, and depend on group homes, losing even one large roost can hurt their numbers for years. Thankfully, strict environmental laws have made these losses rare. British bats also seem less affected by white-nose syndrome, a deadly disease that has wiped out many bats in North America. These days bats have the magical power of blocking housing and infrastructure, or raising its cost. In Norfolk, plans for a new road have been suspended because of rare barbastelle bats. A special bridge for bats along the HS2 railway is costing over £100 million. For a government eager for growth, this is unacceptable. A new law may reduce bat protections, letting developers destroy habitats as long as they pay to restore them elsewhere. For bat protectors, this creates a “licence to kill”. Public attitudes to bats have warmed over the years, though not to the point of adoration. Technology, like better bat detectors, might help more people learn to love them. The better you know something, the more you worry about it. 8．What do we know about the bats at Hanningfield Reservoir? A．Their sounds are being monitored by devices and volunteers. B．Their numbers have grown because of the relaxed regulations. C．They have caused huge disturbances to nearby construction. D．They represent the largest bat colony ever recorded in Britain. 9．Which line chart shows the correct trend of the bats population? A． B． C． D． 10．Why are bats subject to habitat losses? A．Because their natural habitats can keep them from various deadly diseases. B．Because they lose the magical power to protect the modern farm buildings. C．Because individual bats cannot survive without constant group communication. D．Because their low reproduction rate and long lifespan require stability for growth. 11．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? A．Habitat Loss and Disease: The Ongoing Threats to Bat Survival B．Bats and Technology: How Detectors Are Changing Conservation C．From Past to Present: The Tragic Fate of UK’s Bat Populations D．The Comeback of Bats: A Conservation Success Story with Challenges 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．D 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国蝙蝠数量回升的保护成效，同时提及蝙蝠生存仍面临的栖息地等相关挑战。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Some noises come from bat detectors, which change the high sounds made by bats into ones people can hear. Others come from small counters used by volunteers to count the bats flying out of a building.(一些声音来自蝙蝠探测器，它能将蝙蝠发出的高频声音转换为人耳可听见的声音。另一些声音来自志愿者使用的小型计数器，他们用这些计数器来统计从一栋建筑中飞出的蝙蝠数量)”可知，汉宁菲尔德水库的蝙蝠，其声音正被探测设备监测，同时志愿者也在通过计数器对它们进行统计监测。故选A项。 9．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Still, Britain likely has fewer bats than it did in the past. In the 18th century, the naturalist Gilbert White reported seeing hundreds at once over the Thames. But after World War II, poisonous chemicals, bad weather, and modern farming reduced their numbers.(尽管如此，英国的蝙蝠数量可能还是比过去少。在18世纪，博物学家吉尔伯特·怀特报告说，他在泰晤士河上同时看到了数百只。但在第二次世界大战后，有毒的化学物质、恶劣的天气和现代农业减少了它们的数量)”以及第五段中“Thankfully, strict environmental laws have made these losses rare. (值得庆幸的是，严格的环境法律使这些消失变得罕见)”可知，蝙蝠数量趋势是：18世纪有，二战时最多，之后开始减少，严格的法律实施后开始回升，但到目前其数量还是比以前少。符合该描述的是C选项对应的图表。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Because bats live long lives, have only one baby a year, and depend on group homes, losing even one large roost can hurt their numbers for years.(由于蝙蝠寿命长，每年只产一只幼崽，且依赖群体栖息地生存，即使失去一个大型栖息地，也会在未来几年影响它们的种群数量)”可知，蝙蝠寿命长、繁殖率低且依赖群体栖息地，这就要求它们的生存环境保持稳定，一旦栖息地遭到破坏，就容易出现种群数量受损的情况，所以它们易受栖息地丧失的影响。故选D项。 11．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Bat numbers are rising in Britain, which shows that some environmental laws are working (英国的蝙蝠数量正在增加，这表明一些环境法规正在发挥作用)”，以及第六段中的“These days bats have the magical power of blocking housing and infrastructure, or raising its cost. In Norfolk, plans for a new road have been suspended because of rare barbastelle bats. A special bridge for bats along the HS2 railway is costing over £100 million. For a government eager for growth, this is unacceptable. A new law may reduce bat protections, letting developers destroy habitats as long as they pay to restore them elsewhere. (如今，蝙蝠竟拥有了阻碍住房与基础设施建设、或抬高其造价的“神奇影响力”。在诺福克郡，一条新建公路的规划因珍稀的长翼蝙蝠而被迫暂停。英国HS2高铁沿线一座专为蝙蝠修建的专用桥梁，耗资已超 1 亿英镑。对于一心渴求发展的政府而言，这样的情况令人无法接受。一项新法案或将削弱对蝙蝠的保护力度，允许开发商破坏蝙蝠栖息地，前提是他们出资在其他地方重建相应栖息地)”可知，文章既讲述了英国蝙蝠数量回升这一保护成功的案例，又阐述了其当下面临的建设阻碍、保护政策可能收紧等挑战。因此最适合的标题是 “蝙蝠的回归：一个伴随着挑战的保护成功故事”。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. ADHD (注意缺陷多动障碍) in Adults The doctors had ADHD wrong. For decades, many doctors believed that children with ADHD might simply grow out of it. 12 While some seven million children in the United States are currently diagnosed with ADHD, a recent survey from the Centers for Disease Control shows that 15.5 million American adults also have the disorder. Today, researchers recognize that adult ADHD tends to look different because adults are often better at masking the symptoms. People living with ADHD typically have difficulty paying attention or staying on task. 13 “Where a child may not be able to sit calmly in a classroom and continuously gets out of their seat, an adult may be very impatient at red lights or waiting in grocery store lines,” says Jill RachBeisel, a psychology professor at the University of Maryland Medical Center. “And where a child may impatiently raise their hand in class and upset the flow, an adult may interrupt others’ conversations.” 14 In children and adults alike, such symptoms can range from “very mild to very severe,” RachBeisel says. Having ADHD means that a person frequently exhibits these tendencies across multiple situations, including school, home, or work, weakening the ability to complete tasks. Craig Surman, a physician who runs the adult ADHD research program, explains that though the hyperactive nature of the disorder usually decreases in adulthood, “the inattentive symptoms often persist.” The growing percentage of ADHD in adults is driven in part by greater awareness of the disorder and people with previously missed diagnoses reaching out for help. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition, meaning it affects how the brain develops and functions, and is mostly genetic. 15 . Some researchers are now suggesting that our overreliance on technology could worsen the disorder or cause similar symptoms. A．But new evidence reveals a different truth. B．Then there is the intensity of the reactions to consider. C．These symptoms can greatly affect adults’ daily lives and work. D．Environmental factors or issues during pregnancy may also play a role. E．Most studies show that signs of ADHD will continue into adulthood. F．They may feel restless, talk too much, act suddenly by interrupting others, or struggle in situations that require waiting their turn. 【答案】12．A 13．F 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章纠正了“儿童多动症会随成长自愈”的错误认知，指出成人也会患有ADHD，且其症状表现与儿童不同，还介绍了成人ADHD症状的轻重程度、持续特点以及患病比例上升的原因和相关诱因。 12．上文“For decades, many doctors believed that children with ADHD might simply grow out of it. (数十年来，许多医生认为患有多动症的儿童长大后症状自然就会消失。)”点明了医生以往对儿童ADHD的错误认知，下文“While some seven million children in the United States are currently diagnosed with ADHD, a recent survey from the Centers for Disease Control shows that 15.5 million American adults also have the disorder. (目前美国约有700万儿童被诊断出患有多动症，而美国疾病控制与预防中心的一项最新调查显示，有1550万美国成年人也患有这种疾病。)”用数据揭示了成人也患ADHD的事实，与前文认知形成反差。A项“但新的证据揭示了一个不同的真相” 承上启下，通过“但”形成转折，承接上文的错误认知，又自然引出下文的真实情况，搭建起前后内容的逻辑桥梁，符合语境。故选A。 13．上文“People living with ADHD typically have difficulty paying attention or staying on task. (多动症患者通常难以集中注意力或坚持完成一项任务。)”指出了ADHD患者的核心症状，下文通过心理学教授的话，对比了儿童和成人ADHD在行为表现上的不同具体症状。F项“他们可能会感到坐立不安、话多、打断别人而做出冲动的行为，或是在需要排队等候的场合感到煎熬”承接上文的核心症状，具体列举了ADHD患者的共性行为表现，同时为下文儿童与成人症状的具体对比做铺垫，逻辑连贯。故选F。 14．下文“In children and adults alike, such symptoms can range from very mild to very severe, RachBeisel says. Having ADHD means that a person frequently exhibits these tendencies across multiple situations, including school, home, or work, weakening the ability to complete tasks. (拉赫拜塞尔说，无论是儿童还是成人，这些症状的严重程度都有很大差异，从非常轻微到非常严重不等。患有多动症意味着一个人会在多种场合频繁表现出这些倾向，包括学校、家庭或工作场所，这会削弱其完成任务的能力。)”核心围绕ADHD症状的轻重程度展开，还提及症状带来的影响。B项“此外，还需要考虑这些反应的严重程度”引领下文，精准概括了该段的核心话题，作为段落主旨句引出下文对症状轻重程度的具体阐述，符合说明文的段落结构要求。故选B。 15．上文“ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition, meaning it affects how the brain develops and functions, and is mostly genetic. (多动症是一种神经发育障碍，会影响大脑的发育和功能，且这种疾病主要由遗传因素引起。)”指出了ADHD的主要致病原因是遗传，下文“Some researchers are now suggesting that our overreliance on technology could worsen the disorder or cause similar symptoms. (一些研究人员现在认为，我们对科技的过度依赖可能会加重这种疾病的症状，或引发类似的症状。)”提及了另一个可能影响该疾病的因素。D项“环境因素或孕期出现的问题也可能起到一定作用”承上启下，承接上文的遗传致病原因，补充了其他可能的致病因素，让关于ADHD致病原因的介绍更全面，同时与下文的外界影响因素形成呼应，逻辑通顺。故选D。 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A It was a day as Australian as you can get: Sun, waves and surfing at the beach. And then something distinctly un-Australian turned up. Aaron Fowler and a friend were heading back to the parking lot after a day in the waves. “We saw something coming out of the water,” Mr. Fowler, a drywall repairman, said. “We thought it was a sea bird, but then we thought, ‘Oh, that’s way too big,’ and it had a big, long neck and a tail sticking out like a duck. It stood up in the water and waddled straight up to us and just started cleaning itself,” Standing there on the beach in the small town of Denmark in Western Australia on Friday afternoon was a male emperor penguin, about 2,100 miles from where one might expect to find it, in Antarctica. Mr. Fowler had seen plenty of dolphins and other creatures in the waves, including one leopard seal, which is also native to Antarctica, but he never expected a penguin. “We were in shock,” he said. Even someone with years of experience studying penguins was surprised at the sighting. “That crazy young penguin,” said Dee Boersma, a professor of biology at the University of Washington and author of “Penguins: Natural History and Conservation.” “Emperor penguins move around, because they have to be on an ice sheet or a glacier to raise young, and the glaciers are eroding away,” she said. “That’s not unusual. You’ve got to continue to swim until you find food. But this is the furthest north I’ve heard of an emperor penguin.” Record low sea-ice levels in the Antarctic have wreaked havoc (破坏)on the lives of emperor penguins. Penguins have sought new breeding grounds as a result, but normally they stay relatively close to their old homes. The penguin who arrived in Australia did not seem to have been flummoxed too much by its new surroundings. The penguin “seemed completely happy,” Mr. Fowler said. “It was not at all shy. It was very friendly. It was quite happy in our company.” Mr. Fowler alerted the authorities about the newly immigrated Aussie penguin. It was picked up and is being cared for; its rehabilitation is expected to take a few weeks, the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions of Western Australia said. “The penguin appeared to be malnourished,” the agency said, “and was removed from the beach to avoid potential threats from dogs, cats, foxes and vehicles.” 1．Why was Dee Boersma, the biology professor, surprised at the sighting of the penguin? A．Because she had never seen a penguin before. B．Because the penguin was in a place far from its usual habitat. C．Because the penguin was swimming in the waves. D．Because the penguin was alone and seemed lost. 2．What is the main reason emperor penguins have to move around to find new breeding grounds? A．To escape from predators. B．To find more food. C．To follow the glaciers that are eroding away. D．To raise their young in safer environments. 3．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 8 means A．The penguin was very nervous in its new environment. B．The penguin was quite shy and unfriendly. C．The penguin adapted well to its new surroundings. D．The penguin was confused and perplexed by its new environment. 4．What is the main idea of the article? A．A surprising encounter with a friendly penguin in Australia. B．The impact of climate change on emperor penguins’habitat. C．The rehabilitation process of a malnourished penguin in Australia. D．The differences between sand and snow for emperor penguins. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要讲的是一个周五的下午，一只雄性帝企鹅出现了在距离南极洲大约2100英里外的西澳大利亚州丹麦小镇的海滩上。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Even someone with years of experience studying penguins was surprised at the sighting.(即使是有多年研究企鹅经验的人也对这一景象感到惊讶)”以及第六段““That’s not unusual. You’ve got to continue to swim until you find food. But this is the furthest north I’ve heard of an emperor penguin.”(这并不罕见。你必须继续游，直到找到食物。但这是我听说过的最北的帝企鹅。”)”可知生物学教授Dee Boersma对这只企鹅的出现感到很惊讶，因为这只企鹅出现在一个远离其惯常栖息地的地方。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第六段““Emperor penguins move around, because they have to be on an ice sheet or a glacier to raise young, and the glaciers are eroding away, ” she said.(帝企鹅四处移动，因为它们必须在冰原或冰川上养育后代，而冰川正在侵蚀，”她说)”可知帝企鹅必须在冰原或冰川上养育后代，而冰川正在侵蚀，所以帝企鹅需要不断移动，从而能够在更安全的环境中养育后代。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线部分之后“The penguin “seemed completely happy,” Mr. Fowler said. “It was not at all shy. It was very friendly. It was quite happy in our company.”(这只企鹅“看起来非常开心，”Mr. Fowler说。它一点也不害羞。它非常友好。它在我们的陪伴下很开心。”)”可知这只帝企鹅在新环境中过得非常快乐，由此可以推测划线句子的意思是：帝企鹅很好地适应了新环境。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段“It was a day as Australian as you can get: Sun, waves and surfing at the beach. And then something distinctly un-Australian turned up.(这是你能感受到的最澳洲的一天：阳光、海浪和在海滩上冲浪。然后，一些明显不属于澳大利亚的东西出现了)”指出在一个阳光明媚的日子里，在澳大利亚海滩上出现了一些明显不属于澳大利亚的东西，指出了事件发生的时间、地点及人物，符合新闻报道的语篇特点。文章从第二段到最后一段依次介绍了帝企鹅不远千里来到澳大利亚的原因及在澳大利亚的适应情况和当地政府对于这只帝企鹅所采取的保护措施。由此可知文章主要在围绕着在澳大利亚与一只友好的企鹅意外相遇这件事来展开。故选A项。 B Humans are born explorers and adventurers. We have this “desire” to explore new places and to go beyond. We have already climbed the highest mountain, explored the vastness of the Antarctica and the emptiness of Sahara. We have also reached outer space, stepped on the surface of our neighbour, the moon, and one day might even explore the vastness of our universe. There seems to be no end to humanity’s appetite for exploring our surroundings and the unknown. However, there are still some places on Earth that have not yet been reached or fully explored. And these places are some of the most isolated and mysterious places on this planet. Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean Located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, the Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the world’s oceans. The trench measures around 2,550 km long and 70 km wide on average, and reaches a depth of over 10,994 metres at one small part known as the Challenger Deep. The Mariana Trench is considered one of the least explored parts of the world due to its extreme depth. At this depth, the water pressure can be very dangerous. Still, life can be found in this part of the ocean. Previous expeditions to the trench have revealed a number of organisms and sea creatures, living in the deep sea. Vale do Javari, Brazil With an area of about 85,444. 82 km², Vale do Javari is one of the largest indigenous territories in Brazil. The rainforest was named after the vast Javari River, which is the most important river system in the region. It is one of the most isolated places on Earth and also one of the hardest places to reach. The isolation of this remote place is largely due to the thick forest and extreme geographic location. In spite of its isolation, the tropical rainforest is home to a great number of indigenous people or Indian tribes. Those tribes, believed to be as many as 200 to 3,300 people, were first discovered through satellite images of the vast rainforest. Entering the region is prohibited by Brazilian law and the Vale do Javari is especially well-protected from outsiders and explorers by a local organisation dedicated to maintaining its rich biodiversity and protecting the forest from exploitation. Tsingy de Bemaraha Located near the western coast of Madagascar, the Tsingy de Bemaraha has been on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990 to protect its unique geography and preserve the mangrove forests. The place is also home to huge numbers of animals and even new species. Some of the biggest attractions in this protected reserve are the incredibly needle-shaped limestone formations. However, those formations pose great dangers to explorers. In fact, the word “Tsingy” is derived from a local word, which means “the place where one cannot walk barefoot.” The limestone formations are terribly sharp and can easily cut through flesh with deadly effect, which makes exploring them extremely difficult and dangerous. Access to this nature reserve is limited, although tourists can reach the area either by road or plane. 5．Why is the Mariana Trench considered one of the least explored places on Earth? A．It is located too far from any continent. B．Its width makes it impossible to map accurately. C．It lacks any signs of life or scientific value. D．Its extreme depth leads to dangerous water pressure. 6．Based on the description of Vale do Javari, which of the following can be inferred about its indigenous tribes? A．They actively engage with modern society through trade. B．Their existence was confirmed through technological means. C．They rely on the Javari River for transportation to cities. D．Their population is precisely documented by Brazilian authorities. 7．What can be concluded about the Tsingy de Bemaraha from the local meaning of “Tsingy”? A．It is a popular tourist destination for hiking enthusiasts. B．The area is primarily covered by mangrove forests. C．Its limestone formations are exceptionally sharp and hazardous. D．Visitors must remove their shoes to enter the reserve. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马里亚纳海沟、雅瓦里谷和贝马拉哈地质公园三个地球上未被完全探索的偏远神秘之地。 5．细节理解题。根据Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean部分中的“The Mariana Trench is considered one of the least explored parts of the world due to its extreme depth. At this depth, the water pressure can be very dangerous.(由于其极深的深度，马里亚纳海沟被认为是世界上探索最少的地区之一。在这个深度，水压可能非常危险)”可知，马里亚纳海沟被认为是地球上探索最少的地方之一，是因为它极深的深度导致了危险的水压。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据Vale do Javari, Brazil部分中的“Those tribes, believed to be as many as 200 to 3,300 people, were first discovered through satellite images of the vast rainforest.(这些部落的人口估计在200到3300人之间，最初是通过这片广阔雨林的卫星图像被发现的)”可知，雅瓦里谷的土著部落的存在是通过卫星图像这一技术手段被证实的。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据Tsingy de Bemaraha部分中的“In fact, the word “Tsingy” is derived from a local word, which means “the place where one cannot walk barefoot.” The limestone formations are terribly sharp and can easily cut through flesh with deadly effect.(事实上，“青吉”一词来源于当地的一个词汇，意思是“不能光脚行走的地方”。这些石灰岩构造极其锋利，很容易割破皮肤，造成致命伤害)”可知，从Tsingy的当地含义可推断出，贝马拉哈地质公园的石灰岩构造异常锋利且具有危险性。故选C项。 C Have you been a struggling learner or a strong reader? Have you ever had needs such as additional time on tests or for teachers to speak more slowly? Processing speed is key to becoming a strong and fluent reader. What you might not know is just how important auditory processing is reading skills. Auditory processing is how the brain attaches meaning to the sounds that one hears. It is a different process than hearing itself, which involves the physical mechanics of the ear. You might hear sounds at the right pitch (音高) and volume, but without auditory processing, they will sound like Charlie Brown’s teacher going “wah wah wah” through an unclear horn (喇叭). Chances are that kids who struggle with auditory processing also struggle with reading, because such problems always lead to a hard time mastering more advanced skills, such as fluency and comprehension, which affect learning in all subject areas. The domino effect of struggles with auditory processing can thus dramatically impact reading achievement. Some students may receive a diagnosis of auditory processing disorder, while others may have underdeveloped auditory processing skills. Fortunately, the right training can improve the experience-dependent brain’s processing networks in just the way each learner needs. Slowing down the rate of speech and emphasizing specific sounds can be beneficial for students who struggle with auditory processing, as well as language learners who are learning new sounds in their second language. A decreased pace allows these students to develop accurate phonological (语音的) representations while increasing comprehension. But for some students, that may not be enough. That’s where technology comes in. For example, the Fast For Word software, which is driven by acoustically (听觉上) modified speech, gradually speeds up the sound at rates personalized to students’ progress. By the end of the program, they will have caught up and mastered the reading skills that require fast and precise auditory processing. That makes all the other reading pieces line up more easily: phonics, decoding, fluency, and comprehension. And, before the child knows it, he might have become a strong and confident reader and learner. Now that you know what sound has to do with reading, pay attention to how you are learning to read. If you find yourself struggling, could your auditory processing or processing speed be a reason? If so, it may be time to get them glasses for the ears. 8．What’s the author’s intention of mentioning Charlie Brown’s teacher? A．To demonstrate auditory processing speed affects reading ability. B．To show a lot of students struggle with reading. C．To show Charlie Brown has a bad teacher. D．To indicate auditory processing is what makes sounds meaningful. 9．What can we learn about auditory hearing from the passage? A．Auditory processing is how sounds one hears affect the brain. B．Auditory processing has nothing to do with the physical process of hearing. C．Auditory processing speed is largely determined by one’s intelligence. D．Auditory processing can affect a child’s reading ability. 10．What is the author’s attitude towards the Fast ForWord software? A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Hesitant. D．Disapproving. 11．______ can’t help students improve their auditory processing ability. A．Slowing down the rate of speech and emphasizing specific sounds. B．Using the Fast For Word software. C．Giving students additional time on tests. D．Developing training programs on oral language skills. 【答案】8．D 9．D 10．A 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了听觉处理在阅读技能中的重要性，以及如何通过训练和技术手段改善听觉处理能力，从而提高阅读水平。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Auditory processing is how the brain attaches meaning to the sounds that one hears. It is a different process than hearing itself, which involves the physical mechanics of the ear. You might hear sounds at the right pitch (音高) and volume, but without auditory processing, they will sound like Charlie Brown’s teacher going “wah wah wah” through an unclear horn (喇叭).(听觉处理是大脑赋予所听声音意义的过程。它与听觉本身不同，听觉本身涉及耳朵的物理机制。你可能听到音高和音量都正确的声音，但如果没有听觉处理，这些声音听起来就像查理·布朗的老师通过一个不清晰的喇叭发出“哇哇哇”的声音)”可推知，作者用“查理·布朗的老师”形象地说明听觉处理是赋予声音意义的过程，如果没有听觉处理，即使声音本身没有问题，听起来也会毫无意义。故选D项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Chances are that kids who struggle with auditory processing also struggle with reading, because such problems always lead to a hard time mastering more advanced skills, such as fluency and comprehension, which affect learning in all subject areas.(那些在听觉处理上有困难的孩子很可能在阅读上也有困难，因为这些问题总是导致难以掌握更高级的技能，如流利性和理解力，这些技能会影响所有学科的学习)”可知，听觉处理会影响孩子的阅读能力。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“For example, the Fast For Word software, which is driven by acoustically (听觉上) modified speech, gradually speeds up the sound at rates personalized to students’ progress. By the end of the program, they will have caught up and mastered the reading skills that require fast and precise auditory processing.(例如，Fast For Word软件，由经过听觉修改的语音驱动，根据学生的进度个性化地逐渐加快声音速度。到课程结束时，他们将赶上并掌握需要快速和精确听觉处理的阅读技能)”可知，作者认为Fast For Word软件能让学生赶上并掌握需要快速和精确听觉处理的阅读技能，对其持支持的态度。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Fortunately, the right training can improve the experience-dependent brain’s processing networks in just the way each learner needs.(幸运的是，针对性的训练能够以每位学习者需要的方式，改善依赖于经验的大脑处理网络)”、第五段“Slowing down the rate of speech and emphasizing specific sounds can be beneficial for students who struggle with auditory processing, as well as language learners who are learning new sounds in their second language. A decreased pace allows these students to develop accurate phonological (语音的) representations while increasing comprehension.(对于听觉处理有困难的学生，以及正在学习第二语言新发音的语言学习者来说，放慢语速并强调特定发音会很有帮助。较慢的节奏能让这些学生形成更准确的语音表征，同时提升理解能力)”和第六段中“But for some students, that may not be enough. That’s where technology comes in. For example, the Fast For Word software, which is driven by acoustically (听觉上) modified speech, gradually speeds up the sound at rates personalized to students’ progress.(但对部分学生而言，仅靠这些可能仍显不足。此时，技术便发挥着关键作用。例如，Fast For Word软件，该程序采用经过声学优化处理的语音，能够根据每位学生的进度个性化地逐步加快语速)”可知，针对性的培训项目、训练放慢语速并强调特定声音和使用Fast For Word软件都可以帮助学生提高听觉处理能力，而C选项“给学生额外的考试时间”并不能帮助学生提高听觉处理能力。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How good are you at saying “no”? For many, it’s surprisingly difficult. 12 Consider these scenes: It’s late in the day. That front-page package you’ve been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it’s finished. Then enters the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: “No! It’s done!” What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is “don’t say no.” 13 The second rule is “don’t raise the risks by challenging his authority.” That issue is already decided. The third rule is “to be ready to cite options and consequences.” The boss’s suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. He might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell him he can have what he wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what he’s trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you’ve done so far. Here’s another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. 14 If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This case is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter (过滤) story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your natural reaction and strong rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a “What if…?” agreement covering “What if my idea is turned down?” How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it? 15 A．This one should be easy, but it’s not. B．Successful negotiators always look at the situation from the other side’s perspective. C．He probably has something in mind when he makes suggestions, and it’s up to you to find out what. D．This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. E．Be kind and give him positive feedback before your refusal and be specific about what you do like or appreciate about him. F．By anticipating “What if…?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding and it will help ease you out of conflicts. 【答案】12．D 13．C 14．A 15．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“如何有效说‘不’”展开，通过职场案例分析拒绝的难点，并提出具体解决策略。 12．前文“How good are you at saying “no”? For many, it’s surprisingly difficult. (你有多擅长说“不”？对许多人来说，这是非常困难的。)”提到很多人觉得说“不”很难，后文“Consider these scenes (考虑以下场景)”引出围绕编辑的职场场景的案例，此处需要一个过渡句，解释为什么说“不”很难，并引出后面的例子，因此D项“This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. (对于编辑来说尤其如此，他们天生就热衷于参与他们所做的一切。)”符合语境，指向编辑这一群体，点明其天性难以说“不”，承前启后。故选D。 13．前文“The first rule of saying no to the boss is “don’t say no.” (对老板说“不”的第一条规则是“不要说不”。)”指出拒绝老板的第一条规则，后文“The second rule is “don’t raise the risks by challenging his authority.” That issue is already decided. The third rule is “to be ready to cite options and consequences.” The boss’s suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. (第二条规则是“不要通过挑战他的权威来增加风险。”这个问题已经决定了。第三条规则是“准备好列举各种选择和后果”。老板的建议可能是恰当的，但总会有后果。)”紧接着给出第二条和第三条规则及对应的理由，此处需要补充说明第一条规则的原因，因此C项“He probably has something in mind when he makes suggestions, and it’s up to you to find out what. (他提建议时可能有自己的想法，而你需要弄清楚他的意图。)”符合语境，解释了为何不要直接拒绝，承接前文，其中的He指代前文的the boss。故选C。 14．前文“Here’s another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. (这是另一个例子。你最不喜欢的记者提出了一个愚蠢的故事点子。)”引入最讨厌的记者提愚蠢故事点子的场景，后文“If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. (如果你说“不”，即使是礼貌地说，你也有可能阻止更多的想法，不仅是那个记者，还有那些听说你拒绝了这个想法的人。)”讨论直接拒绝可能扼杀其他记者的想法，此处需要说明拒绝的困难，因此A项“This one should be easy, but it’s not. (这看起来应该很容易，但实际上并非如此。)”符合语境，点明这种情境下拒绝也很难，承前启后。故选A。 15．前文“Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a “What if…?” agreement covering “What if my idea is turned down?” How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it? (其次，和你一起工作的人需要协商一个“如果……怎么办？”的协议，包括“如果我的想法被拒绝了怎么办？”人们会有什么反应？有申诉程序吗？他们能否完善创意并重新提交？)”讨论如何协商被拒之后做法的协议，此处需要一个总结句，强调提前规划这些情景的好处，因此F项“By anticipating “What if…?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding and it will help ease you out of conflicts. (通过在事情发生之前预测“如果……会怎么样？”的情况，你可以达成谅解，这将有助于缓解你的冲突。)”符合语境，总结前文预测的意义，承接前文。故选F。 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $