题型综训10：题型之阅读 -阅读单选题、阅读六选四组合练（V）（综合训练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题型综训10：阅读理解、六选四组合练（V） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A While some say school safety depends on guns, cameras or alarms in classrooms, Mark Gomer and Kristi Schiller think specially trained dogs should play an important role in preventing violence in schools. Gomer’s for-profit company has sent a gun-and-drug detecting dog to patrol (巡查) the halls of an Ohio high school, while Schiller is launching a nonprofit program in Houston to give schools the trained dogs for free. Gomer’s first full-time safety dog is a three-year-old Dutch shepherd named Atticus, who is reported to duty this school year at Oak Hills High School in Green Township in southwest Ohio. The dog was trained at the school before the summer break, said Gomer, co-owner of American Success Dog Training in Bridgetown, Ohio. Atticus has won over students, parents, teachers and district Superintendent Todd Yohey, who initially worried what people would think of him spending $10,000 on a dog. Gomer has talked to a lot of parents and faculty, and they are saying it was money well-spent, he said. For her part Schiller is looking to provide safety dogs to schools free of charge. She hopes her new initiative, program “K9S4KIDS”, does for schools what her program “K9S4COPS” did for police departments. She has placed more than 60 dogs with agencies in three years. “These dogs are extremely social, yet highly qualified warriors that are accustomed to going straight to the source of a threat or shooter and disengaging the suspect armed with the weapon,” said Schiller. As the programs get up and running, questions remain about possible health problems and distractions the dogs can cause. A school safety expert said those are concerns parents and schools will have to work out. Ken Trump, president of the Cleveland-based National School Safety and Security Services consulting firm, discussed the issue in general because he was not familiar with either program. He said the dogs would have to be extremely social to deal with students’ initial excitement “Kids are going to like those dogs,” Trump said, “There are concerns to work around, but with the right dogs and right handler and the right policies and procedures, they should be very beneficial. The dog might be a distraction in the beginning, but they will become part of what students expect to see when they go to school.” “There is so much these dogs can do,” said Ted Dahlin, a deputy who serves on the K9S4COPS board of directors. “If I were going to pick a school to make trouble, it would be one that I knew didn’t have a dog.” 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE about Gomer’s program? A．Atticus is only welcomed by students. B．Atticus is provided to the schools free of charge. C．The main job of Atticus is to patrol a school in Houston. D．Parents and faculty think the money spent on Atticus is worthwhile. 2．Schiller’s comment on the dogs she provides indicate that ________. A．dogs have a sharp sense of threat and danger B．she is confident that the dogs are helpful in schools C．dogs are a kind of helpful, loyal and qualified animal D．even suspects armed with weapons are afraid of dogs 3．We can conclude that Ken Trump ________. A．believes that dogs can be part of students’ school life B．is a school safety expert supporting one of the programs C．doesn’t approve of students’ attitudes about dogs in schools D．agrees that the concerns outweigh the benefits of the program 4．What Ted Dahlin has said implies that ________. A．he is not going to make trouble in schools B．having a dog strengthens a school’s safety C．he likes dogs and really wants to have one D．more should be considered for planning a crime B Sydney Opera House Tours We offer three different tours of this iconic buildings The Essential Tour brings to life the story behind the design and construction of one the world’s most famous landmarks. Using interactive audio-visual technology, your guide will take you on a memorable journey inside the youngest building ever to be World Heritage listed. Afterwards, why not stay around and eat at the Studio Cafe, with its modern Australian menu? You can both enjoy the best views in Sydney and claim a 20% reduction on the total cost of your meal. (Don’t forget to show your ticket in order to claim your discount) Language: English, French, German Takes place: Daily between 9 am and 5 pm Prices: Adult 29 Concessions: Australian seniors and pensioners; students; and children of 16 and under $24 Prior bookings are not essential. The Backstage Tour gives you backstage access to the Sydney Opera House. It is a unique opportunity to experience the real-life dramas behind the stage! You might even get to stand on the concert hall stage, take up a conductor’s baton in the orchestra pit and imagine you are leading the performance. You will also get to see inside the stars’ dressing rooms. The tour concludes with a complimentary (赠送的) breakfast in the Green Room, the private dining area of performers past and present. Takes place: Daily at 7 am Prices: $155. No concessions. To purchase: Bookings are essential. Limited to 8 people per tour. Online sales expire at 4:30 pm two days prior. Notes: The tour includes up to 300 steps. Flat, rubber - soled shoes must be worn. For safety reasons, children of 12 years old and under are not permitted. Opera High Tea consists of tour where you will walk in the footsteps of world-class singers, dancers and musicians, followed by fine food and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong Dining Room. What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks and soft drinks followed by a live recital (演奏会) by a leading Australian singer? An unforgettable treat for young and old! Takes place: Every second Wed, 2 pm Duration: 1.5 hours Prices: $ 45 per person Book online or visit the Guided Tours Desk. 5．A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ________. A．the Essential Tour B．the Backstage Tour C．Opera High Tea D．any of the tours 6．Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler ________. A．is required to wear sneakers when standing on the stage B．will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestra C．can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfast D．can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour 7．If a couple who travelled with their 16-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of $150 there, what would the lowest cost be? A．$202 B．$214 C．$173 D．$112 C COLA is mainly sugar: glucose and fructose. As you gulp it down, your gut quickly absorbs the empty calories. Biochemical chaos quickly ensues: The glucose (葡萄糖) makes your blood sugar spike. Your pancreas (胰腺) pumps out high levels of insulin (胰岛素)in response. This kicks bad body biochemistry into high gear:·The brain’s reward center is triggered, making you crave more sugar • Inflammation (炎症) (linked to weight gain, diabetes, obesity, heart disease, arthritis and other chronic illnesses) can increase • Triglycerides (甘油三酯酸) can rise and HDL levels can fall (increasing risks of heart disease, diabetes and stroke) · Blood pressure can increase ·The appetite-control hormone leptin (瘦素) may be blocked (making you feel starved) Over time, belly fat storage increases (raising risks of heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes) Persistent fructose intake can promote unhealthy changes as well:• Increased fat production, which can lead to fatty liver • No signaling to the brain that you’re full • Chronically elevated blood insulin levels ·Further insulin resistance Like cola, BROCCOLI contains sugar (a small amount). But broccoli is also high in fiber, and provides your body with protein, fat and other nutrients. Here’s what happens when you eat it: You absorb very few calories because of its fiber. Those few calories are absorbed very slowly. Your blood sugar and insulin levels remain stable. Your body takes in nutrients that lower your risk for chronic diseases:·Phytonutrients: Natural chemicals that help plants fight germs and pests (and protect us too). Vitamin C: An antioxidant (抗氧化剂) vitamin needed for healthy bones, muscles and blood vessels. ·Folate (B9): A vitamin essential for cell growth and metabolism that helps prevent birth defects. ·Kempferol (黄酮) and other flavonoids: Nutrients that give veggies and fruits color and help us fight inflammation. You don’t gain weight because:·Your stomach distends, telling your brain that you’re full ·Your brain’s reward center isn’t triggered, which kills your sugar cravings Your liver is not affected. Your odds for longevity increase because people who eat lots of fruits and vegetables live longer. 8．After drinking a bottle of cola, your body will____. A．gain instant weight B．crave more sugar and food C．feel full and send signals to your brain D．be attacked by severe diseases like stroke 9．The underlined word “ensue” is closest in meaning to____. A．follow B．attack C．speed up D．take control 10．One 16-ounce bottle of cola and 14 spears of steamed broccoli have the same amounts of calories, yet they have different impacts on your body because____. A．their tastes are different B．the cola fuels your sugar addiction C．the broccoli kills your sugar cravings D．the qualities of their calories are different 11．Which of the following illustrates the changes of the insulin levels in people’s body after they have a bottle of cola or some broccoli? x= the changes of their insulin levels after people have a bottle of cola y= the changes of their insulin levels after people have some broccoli A． B． C． D． Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. 12 In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. 13 They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. 14 And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes. Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. 15 That kind of strategy must come from the top. A．How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? B．Teams that regularly take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. C．More haste, less speed proves wrong in the study. D．The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. E．They valued efficiency rather than consideration. F．They encouraged new ways of thinking. 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Artists often dismiss business people as money-obsessed bores. Or worse, many business people, for their part, assume that artists are a bunch of ambitious wasters. Bosses may stick a few modernist paintings on their boardroom walls. But they seldom take the arts seriously as a source of inspiration. The bias (偏见) starts at business school, where “hard” things such as numbers matter a lot. It is strengthened by everyday experience. Bosses constantly remind their employees that if you can’t count it, it doesn’t count. Few read about art. Sun Tzu’s The Art of War《孙子兵法》 does not count. However, some popular business books are pleased with their low quality: consider Wess Roberts’ Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun. But lately there are welcome signs of a changing on the business side of the great cultural gap. Business presses are publishing a series of books such as The Fine Art of Success, by Jamie Anderson. Mr. Anderson points out that many artists have also been superb innovators. Damien Hirst was even more enterprising. He not only realized that overnight millionaire collectors would pay extraordinary sums for dead cows and jewel- decorated skulls (头骨) , but also altered the image of the art world by selling his work directly through Sotheby’s, an auction house. Whatever they think of his work, business people cannot help admiring a man who attracted art lovers to pay £75. 5 million on the day when Lehman Brothers collapsed. Studying the arts can help business people communicate more eloquently (雄辩地) . Most bosses spend a huge amount of time “messaging”, yet few are much good at it. Half an hour with George Orwell’s Why I Write would work wonders. Studying the arts can also help companies learn how to manage bright people. Rob Goffee of the London Business School points out that today’s most productive companies are dominated by what they call “clevers” who are the headaches to manage. They hate being told what to do by managers whom they regard as foolish. They refuse to give in to performance reviews. In short, they are prima donnas. Studying the art world might even hold out the biggest prize of helping business become more innovative. Companies are searching the world for new ideas. In their hunt for creativity, they surely have something to learn from the creative industries. Look at how modern artists adapted to the arrival of photography, a technology that could have made them unneeded, or how J. K. Rowling kept trying even when publishers rejected her novel. 1．Which book might be considered by the author as having the least value? A．The Art of War B．Leadership Secret s of Attila the Hun C．The Fine Art of success D．Why I Write 2．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT cited as a direct benefit for business people who study the arts? A．Improved ability to attract and manage highly intelligent, creative employees. B．Enhanced communication skills and more effective messaging. C．A proven methodology for increasing quarterly shareholder profits. D．A potential pathway to greater innovation and creative problem-solving. 3．Which of the following can be inferred from the article? A．In business schools, students are taught to overlook things that can be counted. B．The best way for bosses to manage clever employees is to show them art works. C．By reading George Orwell’s Why I Write, bosses can type messages more quickly. D．Damien Hirst had a business mind and sold his art works at an incredibly high price. 4．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Artists’ Bias against Business B．The Integration of Business and Art C．The Effect of Innovation on Companies D．A Booming Art Market B Experience the newly opened Grand Canyon (大峡谷) West Skywalk in Colorado. Departing from Grand Canyon’s South Rim by Airplane to Grand Canyon’s West Rim, you will land and take a ground tour to the Skywalk! Walk on air for 70 feet over the edge of Grand Canyon West. This Skywalk has been open since March 28, 2007. Daily visitorship to the Skywalk has been over 4,000 people. Please be patient to enjoy your moment on the Skywalk. After you have experienced the one and only Grand Canyon Skywalk Glass Bridge, you will return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and take your Airplane for a flight back to the South Rim of the Canyon. This is a tour never to be forgotten as you will have walked on air over the Grand Canyon.Tour Itinerary (行程) Tour Duration 5.7 Hours The Grand Canyon Adventure Skywalk Flight from Grand Canyon South Rim to Grand Canyon West 1 Hour Experience a bird’s-eye view of the Grand Canyon as you make your way to Grand Canyon West. Light Lunch at Guano Point at Grand Canyon West 2 Hours You’ll be taken by bus to Guano Point with breathtaking views of the western part of the Grand Canyon, where the Colorado River makes its way into Lake Mead. Every table for lunch has a view. Walk on the World Famous Skywalk 1.5 Hours Finally, you’ll board your bus to Eagle Point, home of the Grand Canyon Skywalk. Now it is time for you to walk on air for 70 feet over the Grand Canyon. Flight Back to Grand Canyon South Rim 1.2 Hours After time on the Skywalk, you’ll return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and return to Grand Canyon South Rim in time for dinner and sunset. 5．This advertisement is for __________. A．Grand Canyon B．Grand Canyon South C．the Skywalk D．Grand Canyon West 6．The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _______. A． B． C． D． 7．According to the Tour Itinerary, the route is ______. A．South Rim→Guano Point→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim B．South Rim→West Airport→Guano Point→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim C．South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→Guano Point→West Airport→South Rim D．South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→Guano Point→South Rim C Recent research published in Psychological Science explores the intriguing relationship between music and cognitive performance, sparking debate among educators and students alike. The study, conducted over two years by a team at Fudan University, analyzed how different types of background music affect students’ concentration, memory retention, and problem-solving abilities. The experiment involved 1,200 high school students divided into four groups. Group A studied in complete silence, Group B listened to classical music (e.g., Mozart), Group C was exposed to ambient nature sounds, and Group D experienced pop music playlists. All participants completed standardized cognitive tasks and memorization exercises during 90-minute sessions, while their brain activity was monitored via EEG (脑电图) devices. Results revealed significant disparities: students in Group B showed a 15% improvement in mathematical problem-solving accuracy compared to Group A, while Group D’s performance dropped by 10% in memory retention tasks. One key finding highlighted the “Mozart effect,” a phenomenon where structured, melodious compositions appear to stimulate the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层), enhancing logical reasoning. However, this benefit disappeared when the music contained lyrics. Dr. Li Wei, the lead researcher, explained, “Lyrics compete for linguistic processing resources in the brain, creating cognitive overload.” Meanwhile, surrounding nature sounds improved sustained attention during reading tasks but had minimal impact on analytical thinking. Surprisingly, the study also showed myths about personalized playlists (播放列表) were wrong. Students who claimed to “study better with their favorite songs” often performed worse than those in the silent group, suggesting subjective comfort does not equate to productivity. Additionally, brain scans indicated that fast-paced music (over 120 beats per minute) increased stress hormones like cortisol (皮质醇), damaging focus. The implications are profound. With 78% of surveyed Shanghai high schoolers regularly using music while studying, educators are urged to provide evidence-based guidelines. The research team recommends instrumental music at 60-80 BPM for tasks requiring logic, and total silence for language memorization. Critics argue that individual differences matter, but the large sample size strengthens the findings’ reliability. As AI-powered study apps begin integrating these insights — automatically suggesting optimal background sounds based on task type—students must balance scientific recommendations with self-awareness. After all, the brain’s response to sensory input remains as unique as a fingerprint. 8．Why do lyrics in music have a negative effect on studying according to Dr. Li Wei? A．They increase cortisol levels. B．They distract linguistic processing resources. C．They make students overly relaxed. D．They are rarely in students’ native language. 9．Which recommendation agrees with the study’s conclusions? A．Use fast-paced music for language memorization. B．Listen to pop music during logic-heavy tasks. C．Choose instrumental music at 60–80 BPM for math homework. D．Always study in complete silence for all subjects. 10．What is implied about “personalized playlists” in Paragraph 4? A．They are more effective than classical music. B．Students’ self-assessment of their effectiveness may be inaccurate. C．They work well for math problems. D．They reduce stress hormones effectively. 11．What does the underlined word “optimal” most likely mean? A．Random. B．Worst. C．Best. D．Traditional. Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What happens when we experience emotions? In brief, emotional responses have four parts. There is a bodily (physiological) response, an interpretation in the mind, feelings, and an effect on behaviour. These do not happen in any special order - they happen at the same time and affect each other. 12 To understand the physiological response, imagine you are frightened by an aggressive, noisy dog. Your brain sends messages throughout your body. It does this by releasing a chemical called adrenaline, which the blood carries to other parts of the body. Then, the bodily sensations of being frightened begin. Blood drains from your stomach (giving a feeling we describe as a "knot in the stomach"). The blood vessels（血管）in the face become narrower (which makes you become white). Similar processes exist for other emotions. 13 This helps the person get ready for a fight. The second aspect of emotion is interpretation in the ind of events and feelings. This is both conscious and unconscious. In fact, the more you think about the dog, the more frightened you become. Thinking like this sends both your feelings and your physical arousal to new heights. 14 In one, the brain senses the body's state of arousal. The other comes from memories of your body's reactions in similar situations in the past. So, when you see the angry dog, your brain may remember your feelings from past experiences with angry dogs. Finally, emotions can also affect behavior. 15 In this, the person either becomes aggressive or runs away. Responses may also include facial expressions and sounds, such as crying, screaming or shouting. There may also be gestures, such as waving arms. A．The “feeling” aspect of emotions comes from two sources. B．We will illustrate this process with the most carefully studied of all emotions: fear. C．In response to the aggressive dog, this could be the so-called "fight-or-flight" response which appears to be part of our biology. D．We should make clear, however, that emotions are not completely fixed by our biology. E．With anger, for example, more blood flows to the hands, and more energy is released. F．Fear, for example, undoubtedly helped people thousands of years ago to respond to dangerous situations. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型综训10：阅读理解、六选四组合练（V） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A While some say school safety depends on guns, cameras or alarms in classrooms, Mark Gomer and Kristi Schiller think specially trained dogs should play an important role in preventing violence in schools. Gomer’s for-profit company has sent a gun-and-drug detecting dog to patrol (巡查) the halls of an Ohio high school, while Schiller is launching a nonprofit program in Houston to give schools the trained dogs for free. Gomer’s first full-time safety dog is a three-year-old Dutch shepherd named Atticus, who is reported to duty this school year at Oak Hills High School in Green Township in southwest Ohio. The dog was trained at the school before the summer break, said Gomer, co-owner of American Success Dog Training in Bridgetown, Ohio. Atticus has won over students, parents, teachers and district Superintendent Todd Yohey, who initially worried what people would think of him spending $10,000 on a dog. Gomer has talked to a lot of parents and faculty, and they are saying it was money well-spent, he said. For her part Schiller is looking to provide safety dogs to schools free of charge. She hopes her new initiative, program “K9S4KIDS”, does for schools what her program “K9S4COPS” did for police departments. She has placed more than 60 dogs with agencies in three years. “These dogs are extremely social, yet highly qualified warriors that are accustomed to going straight to the source of a threat or shooter and disengaging the suspect armed with the weapon,” said Schiller. As the programs get up and running, questions remain about possible health problems and distractions the dogs can cause. A school safety expert said those are concerns parents and schools will have to work out. Ken Trump, president of the Cleveland-based National School Safety and Security Services consulting firm, discussed the issue in general because he was not familiar with either program. He said the dogs would have to be extremely social to deal with students’ initial excitement “Kids are going to like those dogs,” Trump said, “There are concerns to work around, but with the right dogs and right handler and the right policies and procedures, they should be very beneficial. The dog might be a distraction in the beginning, but they will become part of what students expect to see when they go to school.” “There is so much these dogs can do,” said Ted Dahlin, a deputy who serves on the K9S4COPS board of directors. “If I were going to pick a school to make trouble, it would be one that I knew didn’t have a dog.” 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE about Gomer’s program? A．Atticus is only welcomed by students. B．Atticus is provided to the schools free of charge. C．The main job of Atticus is to patrol a school in Houston. D．Parents and faculty think the money spent on Atticus is worthwhile. 2．Schiller’s comment on the dogs she provides indicate that ________. A．dogs have a sharp sense of threat and danger B．she is confident that the dogs are helpful in schools C．dogs are a kind of helpful, loyal and qualified animal D．even suspects armed with weapons are afraid of dogs 3．We can conclude that Ken Trump ________. A．believes that dogs can be part of students’ school life B．is a school safety expert supporting one of the programs C．doesn’t approve of students’ attitudes about dogs in schools D．agrees that the concerns outweigh the benefits of the program 4．What Ted Dahlin has said implies that ________. A．he is not going to make trouble in schools B．having a dog strengthens a school’s safety C．he likes dogs and really wants to have one D．more should be considered for planning a crime 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了狗应该在防止学校暴力方面发挥重要作用。 1．：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Gomer has talked to a lot of parents and faculty, and they are saying it was money well-spent, he said”（Gomer说，他已经和很多家长和教职员工谈过，他们都认为这笔钱花得值得），可知家长和教职员工认为在Atticus身上花的钱是值得的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““These dogs are extremely social, yet highly qualified warriors that are accustomed to going straight to the source of a threat or shooter and disengaging the suspect armed with the weapon,” said Schiller.”（Schiller说，这些狗非常社交，但是他们是高度训练有素的战士，习惯于直接找到威胁或射手的源头，并使持有武器的嫌疑人失去战斗力），可知Schiller对她提供的狗有信心，认为它们在学校中会有所帮助。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The dog might be a distraction in the beginning, but they will become part of what students expect to see when they go to school.”（狗在开始可能会分散注意力，但它们会成为学生上学期待看到的一部分），可知Ken Trump相信狗可以成为学生学校生活的一部分。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If I were going to pick a school to make trouble, it would be one that I knew didn’t have a dog.”（如果我要选择一个学校制造麻烦，那肯定是我知道没有狗的那个学校），可知Ted Dahlin暗示有狗可以增强学校的安全。故选B。 B Sydney Opera House Tours We offer three different tours of this iconic buildings The Essential Tour brings to life the story behind the design and construction of one the world’s most famous landmarks. Using interactive audio-visual technology, your guide will take you on a memorable journey inside the youngest building ever to be World Heritage listed. Afterwards, why not stay around and eat at the Studio Cafe, with its modern Australian menu? You can both enjoy the best views in Sydney and claim a 20% reduction on the total cost of your meal. (Don’t forget to show your ticket in order to claim your discount) Language: English, French, German Takes place: Daily between 9 am and 5 pm Prices: Adult 29 Concessions: Australian seniors and pensioners; students; and children of 16 and under $24 Prior bookings are not essential. The Backstage Tour gives you backstage access to the Sydney Opera House. It is a unique opportunity to experience the real-life dramas behind the stage! You might even get to stand on the concert hall stage, take up a conductor’s baton in the orchestra pit and imagine you are leading the performance. You will also get to see inside the stars’ dressing rooms. The tour concludes with a complimentary (赠送的) breakfast in the Green Room, the private dining area of performers past and present. Takes place: Daily at 7 am Prices: $155. No concessions. To purchase: Bookings are essential. Limited to 8 people per tour. Online sales expire at 4:30 pm two days prior. Notes: The tour includes up to 300 steps. Flat, rubber - soled shoes must be worn. For safety reasons, children of 12 years old and under are not permitted. Opera High Tea consists of tour where you will walk in the footsteps of world-class singers, dancers and musicians, followed by fine food and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong Dining Room. What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks and soft drinks followed by a live recital (演奏会) by a leading Australian singer? An unforgettable treat for young and old! Takes place: Every second Wed, 2 pm Duration: 1.5 hours Prices: $ 45 per person Book online or visit the Guided Tours Desk. 5．A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ________. A．the Essential Tour B．the Backstage Tour C．Opera High Tea D．any of the tours 6．Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler ________. A．is required to wear sneakers when standing on the stage B．will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestra C．can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfast D．can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour 7．If a couple who travelled with their 16-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of $150 there, what would the lowest cost be? A．$202 B．$214 C．$173 D．$112 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了悉尼歌剧院的三个不同游览项目：精华之旅（The Essential Tour）、后台之旅（The Backstage Tour）和歌剧下午茶（Opera High Tea），详细说明了每个项目的特色、语言、时间、价格、预订要求及注意事项。 5．细节理解题。根据“Opera High Tea”部分“What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks and soft drinks followed by a live recital (演奏会) by a leading Australian singer? (还有什么比享用美味的轻食和软饮，然后欣赏澳大利亚顶尖歌手的现场演奏会更好的呢？)”可知，选择歌剧下午茶项目的游客可以欣赏到现场表演。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据“The Backstage Tour”部分“Notes: The tour includes up to 300 steps. Flat, rubber-soled shoes must be worn. (注意事项：该游览包含最多300级台阶，必须穿着平底橡胶底鞋)”等内容可知，运动鞋（sneakers）属于平底橡胶底鞋，符合站在舞台上的穿着要求。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据“The Essential Tour”部分信息：成人线上购票价格为29美元/人，16岁及以下儿童优惠价为24美元/人；用餐可享受总价20%的折扣。一对夫妇（2名成人）+16岁儿子的游览费用为：29×2 + 24 = 82美元；用餐原价150美元，折扣后价格为150×(1-20%) = 120美元；总最低费用为82 + 120 = 202美元。故选A。 C COLA is mainly sugar: glucose and fructose. As you gulp it down, your gut quickly absorbs the empty calories. Biochemical chaos quickly ensues: The glucose (葡萄糖) makes your blood sugar spike. Your pancreas (胰腺) pumps out high levels of insulin (胰岛素)in response. This kicks bad body biochemistry into high gear:·The brain’s reward center is triggered, making you crave more sugar • Inflammation (炎症) (linked to weight gain, diabetes, obesity, heart disease, arthritis and other chronic illnesses) can increase • Triglycerides (甘油三酯酸) can rise and HDL levels can fall (increasing risks of heart disease, diabetes and stroke) · Blood pressure can increase ·The appetite-control hormone leptin (瘦素) may be blocked (making you feel starved) Over time, belly fat storage increases (raising risks of heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes) Persistent fructose intake can promote unhealthy changes as well:• Increased fat production, which can lead to fatty liver • No signaling to the brain that you’re full • Chronically elevated blood insulin levels ·Further insulin resistance Like cola, BROCCOLI contains sugar (a small amount). But broccoli is also high in fiber, and provides your body with protein, fat and other nutrients. Here’s what happens when you eat it: You absorb very few calories because of its fiber. Those few calories are absorbed very slowly. Your blood sugar and insulin levels remain stable. Your body takes in nutrients that lower your risk for chronic diseases:·Phytonutrients: Natural chemicals that help plants fight germs and pests (and protect us too). Vitamin C: An antioxidant (抗氧化剂) vitamin needed for healthy bones, muscles and blood vessels. ·Folate (B9): A vitamin essential for cell growth and metabolism that helps prevent birth defects. ·Kempferol (黄酮) and other flavonoids: Nutrients that give veggies and fruits color and help us fight inflammation. You don’t gain weight because:·Your stomach distends, telling your brain that you’re full ·Your brain’s reward center isn’t triggered, which kills your sugar cravings Your liver is not affected. Your odds for longevity increase because people who eat lots of fruits and vegetables live longer. 8．After drinking a bottle of cola, your body will____. A．gain instant weight B．crave more sugar and food C．feel full and send signals to your brain D．be attacked by severe diseases like stroke 9．The underlined word “ensue” is closest in meaning to____. A．follow B．attack C．speed up D．take control 10．One 16-ounce bottle of cola and 14 spears of steamed broccoli have the same amounts of calories, yet they have different impacts on your body because____. A．their tastes are different B．the cola fuels your sugar addiction C．the broccoli kills your sugar cravings D．the qualities of their calories are different 11．Which of the following illustrates the changes of the insulin levels in people’s body after they have a bottle of cola or some broccoli? x= the changes of their insulin levels after people have a bottle of cola y= the changes of their insulin levels after people have some broccoli A． B． C． D． 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．D 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了喝可乐和吃西兰花对身体的不同影响。 8．细节理解题。根据表格左半部分第五段“The brain’s reward center is triggered, making you crave more sugar(大脑的奖励中心被触发，让你渴望更多的糖)”和第十段“Over time, belly fat storage increases (raising risks of heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes)(控制食欲的瘦素可能被阻断（让你感到饥饿）)”可知，喝完可乐后，大脑的奖励中心被触发，控制食欲的瘦素可能被阻断，会让你渴望更多的糖和食物。故选B。 9．词句猜测题。根据表格左半部分第一段“As you gulp it down, your gut quickly absorbs the empty calories. Biochemical chaos quickly ensues:(当你大口喝下它时，你的肠道会迅速吸收这些空热量。随之而来的生化混乱很快ensue：)”和第二段“The glucose (葡萄糖) makes your blood sugar spike.(葡萄糖会让你的血糖骤升。)”可知，当你喝下可乐后，你的肠道会迅速吸收这些空热量，接着就会发生一系列的生化反应。因此，ensue的意思是“接着发生，随之而来”，与follow意思相近。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据最后的图片中“LAST WORD:IT'S THE QUALITY, NOT THE NUMBER,OF CALORIES THAT COUNTS. Every bite of food you eat broadcasts coded instructions toyour body that foster health or disease. You can choose caloriesthat fuel your sugar addiction and make you gain weight. Or you canchoose calories that balance your metabolism and heal you. So what will it be, a 16-ounce cola or a tasty bunch of broccoli?(最终结论：重要的是卡路里的质量，而非数量。你吃下的每一口食物，都会向身体传递 “编码指令”——这些指令要么滋养健康，要么催生疾病。你可以选择那些助长糖瘾、让你发胖的卡路里；也可以选择那些平衡代谢、疗愈身体的卡路里。那么你会选哪个呢？是一瓶16盎司的可乐，还是一把美味的西兰花？)”可知，一瓶16盎司的可乐和14根清蒸西兰花的热量相同，但影响不同，是因为它们卡路里的质量不同。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据表格左半部分关于可乐的描述第三段“Your pancreas (胰腺) pumps out high levels of insulin (胰岛素) in response.(你的胰腺会分泌大量胰岛素作为反应。)”，以及表格右半部分关于西兰花的描述第四段“Your blood sugar and insulin levels remain stable.(你的血糖和胰岛素水平保持稳定。)” 可知，喝可乐后胰岛素水平会大幅上升（x 曲线上升），吃西兰花后胰岛素水平稳定（y 曲线平缓），选项A符合这一变化。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. 12 In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. 13 They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. 14 And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes. Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. 15 That kind of strategy must come from the top. A．How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? B．Teams that regularly take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. C．More haste, less speed proves wrong in the study. D．The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. E．They valued efficiency rather than consideration. F．They encouraged new ways of thinking. 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．F 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨企业经营中的战略速度与运营速度差异，论证适时放缓节奏对提升业绩的重要意义。 12．根据空前的“In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. (在商业领域，存在一种速度差异：这种差异指的是企业领导者口中速度对竞争战略的重要性，与公司实际运营速度之间的差距。)”可知，此空应强调该速度差异的重要性，D选项“The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. (无论行业与公司规模如何，这种差异都至关重要。)”中的the difference指代前文的speed difference，承接前文内容，符合语境。故选D项。 13．根据空前的“In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. (在我们对343家企业的研究中，那些选择一味求快以抢占先机的公司，最终销售额和营业利润均低于那些在关键时刻暂停、确保方向正确的公司。此外，那些“以慢求快”的企业业绩表现持续向好，三年内销售额平均增长40%，营业利润平均增长52%。)”以及空后的“They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. (它们对“慢”和“快”的定义有着不同的理解。)”可知，此空应提出设问，引出这些高业绩企业的独特之处，A选项“How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? (它们是如何打破商业物理法则，比竞争对手耗时更久却表现更出色的呢？)”中的they指代前文的the firms that “slowed down to speed up”，衔接前后文逻辑，符合语境。故选A项。 14．根据空前的“In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. (在我们的研究中，那些具备战略速度、业绩表现优异的公司总会在必要时做出调整。它们更乐于接纳各类想法，也更愿意开展相关探讨。)”以及空后的“And they allowed time to look back and learn. (同时，它们会留出时间复盘总结、吸取经验。)”可知，此空应说明这些高业绩企业的具体做法，与前后句形成并列，F选项“They encouraged new ways of thinking. (它们鼓励全新的思维方式。)”中的they指代前文的higher-performing companies，承接前文内容，符合语境。故选F项。 15．根据空前的“Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. (战略速度本身就是一种领导力的体现。)”以及空后的“That kind of strategy must come from the top. (这种战略必须自上而下推行。)”可知，此空应强调具备战略速度的团队更容易达成目标，B选项“Teams that regularly take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. (那些经常花时间把事情做对的团队，更能成功达成商业目标。)”承接前文战略速度的话题，且引出后文战略推行的要求，符合语境。故选B项。 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Artists often dismiss business people as money-obsessed bores. Or worse, many business people, for their part, assume that artists are a bunch of ambitious wasters. Bosses may stick a few modernist paintings on their boardroom walls. But they seldom take the arts seriously as a source of inspiration. The bias (偏见) starts at business school, where “hard” things such as numbers matter a lot. It is strengthened by everyday experience. Bosses constantly remind their employees that if you can’t count it, it doesn’t count. Few read about art. Sun Tzu’s The Art of War《孙子兵法》 does not count. However, some popular business books are pleased with their low quality: consider Wess Roberts’ Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun. But lately there are welcome signs of a changing on the business side of the great cultural gap. Business presses are publishing a series of books such as The Fine Art of Success, by Jamie Anderson. Mr. Anderson points out that many artists have also been superb innovators. Damien Hirst was even more enterprising. He not only realized that overnight millionaire collectors would pay extraordinary sums for dead cows and jewel- decorated skulls (头骨) , but also altered the image of the art world by selling his work directly through Sotheby’s, an auction house. Whatever they think of his work, business people cannot help admiring a man who attracted art lovers to pay £75. 5 million on the day when Lehman Brothers collapsed. Studying the arts can help business people communicate more eloquently (雄辩地) . Most bosses spend a huge amount of time “messaging”, yet few are much good at it. Half an hour with George Orwell’s Why I Write would work wonders. Studying the arts can also help companies learn how to manage bright people. Rob Goffee of the London Business School points out that today’s most productive companies are dominated by what they call “clevers” who are the headaches to manage. They hate being told what to do by managers whom they regard as foolish. They refuse to give in to performance reviews. In short, they are prima donnas. Studying the art world might even hold out the biggest prize of helping business become more innovative. Companies are searching the world for new ideas. In their hunt for creativity, they surely have something to learn from the creative industries. Look at how modern artists adapted to the arrival of photography, a technology that could have made them unneeded, or how J. K. Rowling kept trying even when publishers rejected her novel. 1．Which book might be considered by the author as having the least value? A．The Art of War B．Leadership Secret s of Attila the Hun C．The Fine Art of success D．Why I Write 2．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT cited as a direct benefit for business people who study the arts? A．Improved ability to attract and manage highly intelligent, creative employees. B．Enhanced communication skills and more effective messaging. C．A proven methodology for increasing quarterly shareholder profits. D．A potential pathway to greater innovation and creative problem-solving. 3．Which of the following can be inferred from the article? A．In business schools, students are taught to overlook things that can be counted. B．The best way for bosses to manage clever employees is to show them art works. C．By reading George Orwell’s Why I Write, bosses can type messages more quickly. D．Damien Hirst had a business mind and sold his art works at an incredibly high price. 4．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Artists’ Bias against Business B．The Integration of Business and Art C．The Effect of Innovation on Companies D．A Booming Art Market 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨商界与艺术界的隔阂，提出学习艺术能为商界人士带来沟通、管理、创新等多方面益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, some popular business books are pleased with their low quality: consider Wess Roberts’ Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun.(然而，一些流行的商业书籍却满足于自身的劣质，比如韦斯·罗伯茨的《匈奴王阿提拉的领导秘诀》。)”可知，作者认为《匈奴王阿提拉的领导秘诀》这本商业书籍价值最低。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Studying the arts can help business people communicate more eloquently.(学习艺术可以帮助商界人士更富有说服力地沟通。)”、第六段中的“Studying the arts can also help companies learn how to manage bright people.(学习艺术还可以帮助企业学会如何管理优秀人才。)”、第七段中的“Studying the art world might even hold out the biggest prize of helping business become more innovative.(研究艺术界甚至可能带来最大的收获，即帮助企业变得更具创新性。)”可知，学习艺术能提升沟通能力、助力管理优秀人才、推动商业创新，并未提及能提高季度股东利润的成熟方法。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He not only realized that overnight millionaire collectors would pay extraordinary sums for dead cows and jewel- decorated skulls (头骨) , but also altered the image of the art world by selling his work directly through Sotheby’s, an auction house. Whatever they think of his work, business people cannot help admiring a man who attracted art lovers to pay £75. 5 million on the day when Lehman Brothers collapsed. (他不仅意识到那些一夜暴富的收藏家会为动物尸骨标本和珠宝装饰的头骨支付天价，还通过直接委托拍卖行苏富比销售自己的作品，改变了艺术界的固有印象。无论商界人士对他的作品持何种看法，他们都不禁折服于这样一个人——在雷曼兄弟破产的当天，他仍能吸引艺术爱好者豪掷7550万英镑购买其作品。)”可知，达明·赫斯特极具商业头脑，其作品卖出了极高的价格。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇指出商界与艺术界的偏见，随后论述学习艺术对商界的诸多好处，核心是围绕商业与艺术的融合展开。因此“商业与艺术的融合”适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 B Experience the newly opened Grand Canyon (大峡谷) West Skywalk in Colorado. Departing from Grand Canyon’s South Rim by Airplane to Grand Canyon’s West Rim, you will land and take a ground tour to the Skywalk! Walk on air for 70 feet over the edge of Grand Canyon West. This Skywalk has been open since March 28, 2007. Daily visitorship to the Skywalk has been over 4,000 people. Please be patient to enjoy your moment on the Skywalk. After you have experienced the one and only Grand Canyon Skywalk Glass Bridge, you will return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and take your Airplane for a flight back to the South Rim of the Canyon. This is a tour never to be forgotten as you will have walked on air over the Grand Canyon.Tour Itinerary (行程) Tour Duration 5.7 Hours The Grand Canyon Adventure Skywalk Flight from Grand Canyon South Rim to Grand Canyon West 1 Hour Experience a bird’s-eye view of the Grand Canyon as you make your way to Grand Canyon West. Light Lunch at Guano Point at Grand Canyon West 2 Hours You’ll be taken by bus to Guano Point with breathtaking views of the western part of the Grand Canyon, where the Colorado River makes its way into Lake Mead. Every table for lunch has a view. Walk on the World Famous Skywalk 1.5 Hours Finally, you’ll board your bus to Eagle Point, home of the Grand Canyon Skywalk. Now it is time for you to walk on air for 70 feet over the Grand Canyon. Flight Back to Grand Canyon South Rim 1.2 Hours After time on the Skywalk, you’ll return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and return to Grand Canyon South Rim in time for dinner and sunset. 5．This advertisement is for __________. A．Grand Canyon B．Grand Canyon South C．the Skywalk D．Grand Canyon West 6．The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _______. A． B． C． D． 7．According to the Tour Itinerary, the route is ______. A．South Rim→Guano Point→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim B．South Rim→West Airport→Guano Point→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim C．South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→Guano Point→West Airport→South Rim D．South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→Guano Point→South Rim 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要推广大峡谷西峡空中走廊游览项目，介绍行程路线、时长及核心体验。 5．推理判断题。根据广告开头“Experience the newly opened Grand Canyon West Skywalk in Colorado.(体验科罗拉多州新开放的大峡谷西峡空中走廊。)”及全文对该游览项目的行程、体验的详细介绍，可知广告核心推广对象是空中走廊。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据表格中“Flight, by bus, walk on air, for dinner”可判断出费用包括了乘坐飞机和汽车、空中行走和餐饮而不包括住宿。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据行程表及正文描述，路线顺序为：从大峡谷南缘乘飞机前往西峡机场（Flight from Grand Canyon South Rim to Grand Canyon West）→ 乘车前往瓜诺角享用午餐（Light Lunch at Guano Point）→ 乘车前往鹰角体验空中走廊（Walk on the World Famous Skywalk）→ 返回西峡机场（return to the Grand Canyon West Airport）→ 乘飞机返回南缘（Flight Back to Grand Canyon South Rim）。对应选项B的路线顺序一致。故选B项。 C Recent research published in Psychological Science explores the intriguing relationship between music and cognitive performance, sparking debate among educators and students alike. The study, conducted over two years by a team at Fudan University, analyzed how different types of background music affect students’ concentration, memory retention, and problem-solving abilities. The experiment involved 1,200 high school students divided into four groups. Group A studied in complete silence, Group B listened to classical music (e.g., Mozart), Group C was exposed to ambient nature sounds, and Group D experienced pop music playlists. All participants completed standardized cognitive tasks and memorization exercises during 90-minute sessions, while their brain activity was monitored via EEG (脑电图) devices. Results revealed significant disparities: students in Group B showed a 15% improvement in mathematical problem-solving accuracy compared to Group A, while Group D’s performance dropped by 10% in memory retention tasks. One key finding highlighted the “Mozart effect,” a phenomenon where structured, melodious compositions appear to stimulate the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层), enhancing logical reasoning. However, this benefit disappeared when the music contained lyrics. Dr. Li Wei, the lead researcher, explained, “Lyrics compete for linguistic processing resources in the brain, creating cognitive overload.” Meanwhile, surrounding nature sounds improved sustained attention during reading tasks but had minimal impact on analytical thinking. Surprisingly, the study also showed myths about personalized playlists (播放列表) were wrong. Students who claimed to “study better with their favorite songs” often performed worse than those in the silent group, suggesting subjective comfort does not equate to productivity. Additionally, brain scans indicated that fast-paced music (over 120 beats per minute) increased stress hormones like cortisol (皮质醇), damaging focus. The implications are profound. With 78% of surveyed Shanghai high schoolers regularly using music while studying, educators are urged to provide evidence-based guidelines. The research team recommends instrumental music at 60-80 BPM for tasks requiring logic, and total silence for language memorization. Critics argue that individual differences matter, but the large sample size strengthens the findings’ reliability. As AI-powered study apps begin integrating these insights — automatically suggesting optimal background sounds based on task type—students must balance scientific recommendations with self-awareness. After all, the brain’s response to sensory input remains as unique as a fingerprint. 8．Why do lyrics in music have a negative effect on studying according to Dr. Li Wei? A．They increase cortisol levels. B．They distract linguistic processing resources. C．They make students overly relaxed. D．They are rarely in students’ native language. 9．Which recommendation agrees with the study’s conclusions? A．Use fast-paced music for language memorization. B．Listen to pop music during logic-heavy tasks. C．Choose instrumental music at 60–80 BPM for math homework. D．Always study in complete silence for all subjects. 10．What is implied about “personalized playlists” in Paragraph 4? A．They are more effective than classical music. B．Students’ self-assessment of their effectiveness may be inaccurate. C．They work well for math problems. D．They reduce stress hormones effectively. 11．What does the underlined word “optimal” most likely mean? A．Random. B．Worst. C．Best. D．Traditional. 【答案】8．B 9．C 10．B 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是音乐与认知表现之间的关系，通过一项为期两年的研究分析了不同类型背景音乐对学生专注力、记忆力和解决问题能力的影响。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段“Lyrics compete for linguistic processing resources in the brain, creating cognitive overload.(歌词会争夺大脑中的语言处理资源，造成认知超载)”可知，歌词对学习有负面影响是因为它们分散了语言处理资源。故选B。 9．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The research team recommends instrumental music at 60-80 BPM for tasks requiring logic, and total silence for language memorization.(研究小组建议，对于需要逻辑思维的任务，60-80 BPM的器乐是最好的；对于语言记忆，最好是完全安静)”可推知，数学作业选择60-80 BPM的器乐与研究结论一致。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Surprisingly, the study also showed myths about personalized playlists (播放列表) were wrong. Students who claimed to “study better with their favorite songs” often performed worse than those in the silent group, suggesting subjective comfort does not equate to productivity.(令人惊讶的是，该研究还表明，关于个性化播放列表的种种说法其实是错误的。那些声称“听自己喜欢的歌曲能学得更好”的学生，其表现往往比安静组的学生更差，这表明主观上的舒适感并不等同于学习效率)”可推知，学生对教学效果的自我评估可能不准确。故选B。 11．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“As AI-powered study apps begin integrating these insights(随着人工智能学习应用开始整合这些见解)”，“automatically suggesting(自动建议)”和“background sounds based on task type(基于任务类型的背景声音)”可知，人工智能学习应用整合这些见解，根据任务类型自动推荐最佳背景声音。由此可知，optimal的意思是“最佳的，最适的”，和best意思相近。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What happens when we experience emotions? In brief, emotional responses have four parts. There is a bodily (physiological) response, an interpretation in the mind, feelings, and an effect on behaviour. These do not happen in any special order - they happen at the same time and affect each other. 12 To understand the physiological response, imagine you are frightened by an aggressive, noisy dog. Your brain sends messages throughout your body. It does this by releasing a chemical called adrenaline, which the blood carries to other parts of the body. Then, the bodily sensations of being frightened begin. Blood drains from your stomach (giving a feeling we describe as a "knot in the stomach"). The blood vessels（血管）in the face become narrower (which makes you become white). Similar processes exist for other emotions. 13 This helps the person get ready for a fight. The second aspect of emotion is interpretation in the ind of events and feelings. This is both conscious and unconscious. In fact, the more you think about the dog, the more frightened you become. Thinking like this sends both your feelings and your physical arousal to new heights. 14 In one, the brain senses the body's state of arousal. The other comes from memories of your body's reactions in similar situations in the past. So, when you see the angry dog, your brain may remember your feelings from past experiences with angry dogs. Finally, emotions can also affect behavior. 15 In this, the person either becomes aggressive or runs away. Responses may also include facial expressions and sounds, such as crying, screaming or shouting. There may also be gestures, such as waving arms. A．The “feeling” aspect of emotions comes from two sources. B．We will illustrate this process with the most carefully studied of all emotions: fear. C．In response to the aggressive dog, this could be the so-called "fight-or-flight" response which appears to be part of our biology. D．We should make clear, however, that emotions are not completely fixed by our biology. E．With anger, for example, more blood flows to the hands, and more energy is released. F．Fear, for example, undoubtedly helped people thousands of years ago to respond to dangerous situations. 【答案】12．B 13．E 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情绪反应的四部分：身体上(生理上)的反应，心理上的解释，感觉，以及情绪对行为的影响。 12．根据上文中的“In brief, emotional responses have four parts. There is a bodily (physiological) response, an interpretation in the mind, feelings, and an effect on behaviour. These do not happen in any special order - they happen at the same time and affect each other(简而言之，情绪反应有四个部分。有一种身体（生理）反应，一种心理解释，以及对行为的影响。这些都不会以任何特殊的顺序发生——它们同时发生并相互影响)”可知，情绪反应有四部分：身体上(生理上)的反应，心理上的解释，感觉，以及情绪对行为的影响。这些事情并不以任何特殊的顺序发生——它们同时发生并且相互影响。下文四段分别对这四部分进行了解释。那么，该句应该是一个概括下文，引出下文的句子。结合第二段中的“imagine you are frightened”可知，从第二段开始，文章以恐惧为例介绍了情绪反应的过程。结合选项，B选项(我们将用所有情绪中研究得最仔细的一种(恐惧)来说明这一过程)符合语境。故选B。 13．第二段前半部分介绍的是当恐惧发生时的生理反应。根据空前“Similar processes exist for other emotions(其他情感也存在类似的过程)”可知，该空应该介绍另一种情感，以及这种情感发生时的生理反应过程。结合选项，E选项(例如，在愤怒时，更多的血液流向手部，释放出更多的能量)符合语境。同时和空后的“This helps the person get ready for a fight(这有助于人们为战斗做好准备)”呼应。故选E。 14．第三段介绍的生理反应，第四段介绍的是心理上的解释，最后一段介绍的是情绪对行为的影响。那么，该段应该介绍情绪反应过程中的“感觉”这一部分。该空位于段首，要提到“feeling”这一话题。根据空后的“In one, the brain senses the body's state of arousal. The other comes from memories of your body's reactions in similar situations in the past(一种是大脑感知身体的觉醒状态。另一种来自你对过去类似情况下身体反应的记忆)”可知，该空还应该引出下文，提到感觉来自两个方面。结合选项，A选项(情感的“感觉”方面有两个来源)符合语境。故选A。 15．根据前文“Finally, emotions can also affect behavior”可知，情绪也会影响行为。该空承接上文，应该对此进行进一步说明。剩余选项C、D和F中，只有D选项(然而，我们应该清楚的是，情绪并不完全由我们的生理决定)与之相关。下文“In this, the person either becomes aggressive or runs away(在这种情况下，这个人要么变得好斗，要么逃跑)”，也说明了这一点：生理不能完全决定情绪。故选D。 16 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $