题型综训02：题型之GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练（II）（综合训练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题型综训02：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 A 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期阶段练习试题 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Grandparents are carers out of love-and necessity I look after my grandchildren — at least a few hours for one day a week, often more. I love them deeply, and want to offer them 1 steadiness I can, while I can. But love alone isn’t what holds this together. I also care for them because their parents, like so many others, 2 (stretch) to the edge. Childcare is unaffordable. Work is nonstop. There is little left in reserve. Many grandparents step in not as a choice, but as the only available cushion in a 3 (fail) system. But that help comes at a cost. Caring for young children is tiring at any age; for older adults, after a full day or more, the next day is often a write-off too, 4 seems to be something almost no policy takes into account. This reflects the gradual withdrawal of social responsibility from care, and the expectation for families 5 (absorb) the shock. We are seeing the effects of this every day through exhaustion, silence and strain 6 (carry) behind closed doors. As a systemic psychotherapist, I try to pay attention to patterns: what holds people together, and what pulls them apart. One pattern I see is that the work of care has become more vital, yet 7 (visible). Grandparents, like many others, are holding families together 8 the scenes. But we rarely speak about it, and policy almost never accounts for it. Nowadays 9 climate disruption accelerates and social fragility deepens, care is the connective tissue that keeps communities alive. If we fail to recognise and support it, we weaken the very systems we will need to face what 10 (come). B 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期阶段练习英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．conclusive  B．documented  C． implications  D．interests  E. landscapes AB．hit AC． set AD．overall  AE. urgency BC． uses BD．volume Microplastics: harmful pollution must be contained New and concerning findings from environmental scientists about the impact of microplastics on crops and marine creatures add to a growing body of evidence about the damage caused to living systems by plastic pollution. The results, from a team led by Prof Huan Zhong at Nanjing University, China, are not 11 and require confirmation. But analysis showing that plastics could limit photosynthesis (the change of sunlight into chemical energy) must be taken seriously. If the researchers are correct, and main food crops are being reduced by about 12%, there are huge 12 for global agriculture and food supplies. This could add new 13 to efforts to tackle plastic pollution. There is no single route by which microplastic particles prevent plants from growing. The 14 effect is due to a combination of blocked sunlight and nutrients, and damage to soil and cells. When the researchers modelled the crop losses caused by an effect of this size, they found Asia was hardest 15 , potentially contributing to food insecurity and worsening hunger. The extent of the pollution of the Earth by microplastics has been widely 16 . The tiny particles that are formed when plastics break down in the environment have been found in breast milk, brains, livers and bones, and in remote areas including the Arctic seas. Plastic is already understood to pose serious threats to animals including sea creatures. It also ruins 17 , seriously impacting the people who live in them and anyone trying to make a living from tourism. Talks aimed at agreeing a UN treaty on plastic pollution ended in failure. Almost all single-use plastics are made from fossil fuels, and fossil-fuel businesses oppose any limits on production. But the enormous 18 of plastic waste, and the growing evidence of the range of harms it causes, mean action must be taken. Plastic will continue to have its 19 , but the growth of single-use items, including packaging, is out of control. Just 9% of plastic gets recycled. Fossil-fuel 20 must be held accountable for plastic pollution just as they are challenged over global heating caused by coal, oil and gas. C 【来源】上海市松江二中2025-2026学年高三上学期10月考试英语试题 “All puppies are cute,” explains Clive Wynne, the head of Arizona State University’s canine (犬科的)-science laboratory. “But not all puppies are 21 cute.” Indeed, breeders have long found that puppies become their cutest selves at the eight-week mark. And recent research indicates that peak puppy cuteness serves important purposes — and might play a fundamental role in 22 dog and owner together. In a study published this spring, Wynne and his colleagues sought to pin down, scientifically, the 23 of puppy cuteness. Their finding largely 24 that of breeders: People always rated dogs most attractive when they were six to eight weeks old. This age, Wynne says, 25 a crucial developmental milestone: Mother dogs stop nursing their young around the eighth week, after which pups rely on humans for 26 . (Puppies without human caretakers face death rates of up to 95 percent in their first year of life.) Peak cuteness, then, is no accident—at exactly the moment when our care matters most, puppies become 27 to us. Humans seem to be especially vulnerable to cute things. Research dating back to the 1940s shows that virtually any creature with babylike features is capable of arousing our 28 . But canine cuteness is uniquely 29 , and its strategic deployment (部署) is not limited to puppies. In a study of dogs aged 1 to 12, psychologists in the United Kingdom showed that people’s pets were significantly more likely to raise their brows and stick out their tongue when humans were looking at them, which lends grown canines a 30 air. Born blind and basically deaf, puppies aren’t interactive in their first weeks of life, and Wynne notes that many people find animals in this stage 31 . A recent study focused on humans showed that, 32 six-week-old puppies, six-month-old babies are seen as significantly cuter than newborns. As the psychologists Gary Sherman and Jonathan Haidt have proposed, the delayed beginning of cuteness in human babies offers benefits far beyond kicking our 33 into overdrive — it also leads to a flood of social interactions, such as petting, playing, and baby-talking. These 34 are developmentally crucial to puppies as well, but they can’t be carried out very effectively with the extremely 35 . And so “one is not born cute,” Sherman and Haidt conclude. “One becomes cute.” 21．A．randomly B．particularly C．sociably D．equally 22．A．binding B．exhibiting C．locating D．protecting 23．A．degree B．timeline C．study D．result 24．A．varied B．reminded C．matched D．adjusted 25．A．refers to B．corresponds to C．contributes to D．sticks to 26．A．success B．information C．survival D．relaxation 27．A．essential B．irresistible C．familiar D．unknown 28．A．affection B．courage C．conclusion D．direction 29．A．pet-minded B．time-limited C．human-directed D．survival-driven 30．A．commanding B．dignified C．fearful D．puppyish 31．A．helpless B．mysterious C．approachable D．unappealing 32．A．contrary to B．regardless of C．similar to D．independent of 33．A．defending B．competing C．developing D．caretaking 34．A．instincts B．delays C．purposes D．acts 35．A．weak B．old C．young D．strong 第二套 A 【来源】上海市南汇中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月阶段练习英语试题 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Designing a Game The first thing you’ll need to design a great game is an objective, or goal, for players to work toward. Objectives can take many forms, but they should always be clear to the players. Hockey games have a time limit. When the final whistle sounds, whichever team has more points wins. In Risk, each player gets cards listing their personal objectives, and the first person to complete all of them wins. Both games have one thing in common. 1 one player or team reaches the final objective, they win. In this type of game, you’ll need to decide 2 players can affect other players’ progress towards the objective. In Battleship, the objective is 3 (guess) where your opponent’s ships are. But if you get a hit, it won’t prevent them from hitting one of your ships. Players race to the goal, but they can’t prevent other players from making progress. In chess you can capture the opponent’s pieces, leaving them with 4 (little) to work with. In this type of game, one player can and often must prevent the other player or players from advancing in order to reach the objective first. Neither style is better or worse - some people just enjoy 5 more than the other. An escape room, on the other hand, is a game where several people 6 (lock) in a room with a variety of puzzles. They 7 solve the puzzles together to leave the room before time runs out. In a cooperative game 8 this, players don’t compete with each other. Instead, players work together to achieve the objective. They either unlock the door and they all win, or time runs out and they all lose. Not all games have one final goal. Some have many smaller objectives, and in others, the objectives are set by the players themselves. In Minecraft, one player’s goal might be to build a particular structure, while another’s is to explore the world and see what inspires them. If players need to set their own objectives, 9 (make) sure this is clear. Otherwise, they may spend their time struggling to figure out the 10 (suppose) end goal rather than enjoying the game. B 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．exclusively    B．fading    C． portion     D．pressed        E. reluctant    F. revealing   G. streaming     H. stuffed    I. tide        J. unremarkably    K. unspoilt The West Highland Line: Follow the Rail of Hogwarts Express Soaring mountains, expansive lakes and famous bridges have earned Scotland’s West Highland Line a place among the best railway journeys in the world. Starting in Glasgow, traveling north through historic villages and ending in the coastal village of Mallaig, this line is an easy and sustainable way to discover the Scottish Highlands. My journey on this scenic train route started rather 11 . The 08:12 train required me to begin my day alongside thousands of passengers 12 into Queen Street Station — many of whom held coffees and kept their eyes cast down ahead of another day in the office. And I was almost the only one traveling against the 13 . All of a sudden, we were in the southern reaches of the Highlands, where all was mirrored lakes and valleys 14 with Scots pine. Morning mist rolled between hills, hiding and then 15 more of this perfect landscape. The dying days of autumn were exceedingly beautiful and we were just an hour into the journey. Passengers’ phones and noses were 16 to windows. Some urgently tried to post their experience in real time to social media, but the Wi-Fi signal was weak in the mountains and I didn’t want to miss the extraordinary landscape. An indisputable highlight along this section is the Glenfinnan Viaduct (高架桥), which staff took time to announce in a small break. Fans of the Harry Potter films often lose their minds at this 17 of the 120-year-old line-the Hogwarts Express passes over this old viaduct in several of the movies. And I could easily see why it’s simply breathtaking to behold and attracts visitors from across the globe. It’s the longest concrete railway bridge in Scotland and spans about a thousand feet over the River Finnan around one hundred feet above the ground, passing through some of the most atmospheric and 18 scenery. By the time we left Mallaig at 16: 05, the mid — November daylight was already 19 , meaning my long journey back to Glasgow happened almost 20 in the dark. Not much was visible through the window as we started chugging south, but even in the blackness, I knew there was magic out there somewhere. C 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习试题 I Love Finding Birds’ Nests, but What’s in Them Troubles Me Most birds go to great lengths to hide their nests. So when I find one, so carefully crafted, I’m filled with awe. They are 21 of the natural world. The weave of grass, leaves and other natural materials is 22 to each species. Most birds use nests only to raise their young. For small birds, this could be less than one month out of the year. For that reason, I generally don’t consider them homes. But the analogy (类比) is suitable, if only to convey the uniqueness of their 23 . Of a house, you might say: That’s a craftsman or a Cape Cod style. The same sort of design 24 can be seen in a nest. That’s a robin’s nest or a red-tailed hawk’s. Birds can be choosy about the materials they use to build their nest. Some line their nests with snakeskin to 25 enemies. Others stuff feathers inside dome-shaped nests of sticks or create 26 entrances to trick predators or add aromatic leaves to repel parasites. Increasingly, and 27 for what it says about the state of the planet, birds are also using all sorts of plastic litter and other trash to build their nests. The scene reflects yet another way the human 28 has affixed itself on the natural world. Among the trash that birds use to build their nests are wrappers from candy, cigarettes, plastic cotton and shipping material. 29 as this may be, it’s also a sign of talent. Birds, which evolved from small dinosaurs, are 30 the human dominated world they inhabit. Take a northern mockingbird nest for example. Plastic materials include green plastic netting, white nylon string, white plastic cotton filling as well as fragments of rags. Natural materials include pine needles and natural fibers. Do these materials attract 31 attention from predators? Or entangle nestlings? We don’t fully know what impact all this trash is having on birds. There may be benefits to some of the rubbish they add. Plastics may strengthen nests. 32 , nestlings may eat some of the plastic or other trash, resulting in sickness. Let’s take a look at a gray catbird nest. It’s amazing that birds recognize and match the 33 of plastic and other trash materials to natural ones. I’ve seen shreds of tarp replace grass to suspend nests from branches and plastic cotton used instead of plant fibers to insulate eggs. Yes, it is 34 for what this says about the world we humans have made. But I still find wonder in the stories these nests tell about the lives and circumstances of their architects and the 35 choices they made in assembling the place where they will raise their offspring. 21．A．disasters B．marvels C．guardians D．explorations 22．A．accessible B．specific C．subject D．strange 23．A．creativity B．flight C．architecture D．operation 24．A．similarity B．confusion C．disorder D．distinction 25．A．fight against B．shelter from C．duck behind D．scare off 26．A．false B．real C．wide D．narrow 27．A．excitingly B．troublingly C．indifferently D．calmly 28．A．signature B．masterpiece C．fascination D．resolution 29．A．Helpless B．Overwhelmed C．Distressing D．Refreshing 30．A．escaping from B．adjusting to C．taking no notice of D．agreeing with 31．A．unwanted B．intentional C．undivided D．undue 32．A．Therefore B．On the other hand C．In addition D．For example 33．A．properties B．fabrics C．sizes D．shapes 34．A．soul-stirring B．awe-inspiring C．heartbreaking D．eye-catching 35．A．random B．wise C．hasty D．careless 4 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型综训02：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 A 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期阶段练习试题 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Grandparents are carers out of love-and necessity I look after my grandchildren — at least a few hours for one day a week, often more. I love them deeply, and want to offer them 1 steadiness I can, while I can. But love alone isn’t what holds this together. I also care for them because their parents, like so many others, 2 (stretch) to the edge. Childcare is unaffordable. Work is nonstop. There is little left in reserve. Many grandparents step in not as a choice, but as the only available cushion in a 3 (fail) system. But that help comes at a cost. Caring for young children is tiring at any age; for older adults, after a full day or more, the next day is often a write-off too, 4 seems to be something almost no policy takes into account. This reflects the gradual withdrawal of social responsibility from care, and the expectation for families 5 (absorb) the shock. We are seeing the effects of this every day through exhaustion, silence and strain 6 (carry) behind closed doors. As a systemic psychotherapist, I try to pay attention to patterns: what holds people together, and what pulls them apart. One pattern I see is that the work of care has become more vital, yet 7 (visible). Grandparents, like many others, are holding families together 8 the scenes. But we rarely speak about it, and policy almost never accounts for it. Nowadays 9 climate disruption accelerates and social fragility deepens, care is the connective tissue that keeps communities alive. If we fail to recognise and support it, we weaken the very systems we will need to face what 10 (come). 【答案】 1．whatever 2．are stretched 3．failing 4．which 5．to absorb 6．carried 7．less visible 8．behind 9．as 10．is coming 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了祖父母照顾孙辈的无奈及护理工作的重要性。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：我深爱着他们，想尽我所能，在我还能照顾他们的时候，给予他们一切安稳的陪伴。本空引导宾语从句，作offer的宾语，完整的从句结构是：____ steadiness I can (offer)，本空意为“无论什么样的”，用whatever，作定语，修饰steadiness。故填 whatever。 2．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：我也照顾他们，因为他们的父母，像许多其他人一样，已经到了崩溃的边缘。本句陈述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语their parents和动词stretch“（使）绷紧，拉紧，伸直”之间为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are stretched。 3．考查形容词。句意：很多祖父母介入帮忙，并非出于选择，而是作为这个运转失灵的体系中唯一可用的缓冲。本空修饰名词system，作定语，表示“失灵的，出问题的”，用形容词failing。故填failing。 4．考查定语从句。句意：照顾年幼的孩子在任何年龄都是很累人的；对于老年人来说，在忙碌了一整天或更长时间后，第二天通常也会被荒废掉，这似乎是几乎没有政策考虑到的。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这反映出社会责任正逐渐从照护领域退出，转而期望家庭来承受这种冲击。absorb“吸收，承受，承担”。本空作后置定语，修饰抽象名词expectation，用不定式to absorb。故填to absorb。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们每天都能看到这种影响，通过疲惫、沉默和在紧闭的门后承受的压力。本句谓语为are seeing，此处为非谓语动词，且strain与carry“承受，承受住”之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填carried。 7．考查形容词比较级句意：我观察到的一种趋势是，照护工作变得愈发重要，但却愈发不被人看见。根据语境中的yet“然而”可知，此处与前面的more vital形成对比，用形容词比较级less visible，意为“更不显眼的”，作表语。故填less visible。 8．考查介词。句意：祖父母和其他许多人一样，在幕后维系着家庭。表示“在……的后面”，用介词behind，behind the scenes“在幕后”。故填behind。 9．考查状语从句。句意：如今，随着气候混乱加剧和社会脆弱性加深，照护是维持社区活力的结缔组织。本空引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”，应用as。故填as。 10．考查动词的时态。句意：如果我们未能重视并支持照护工作，我们就会削弱那些未来即将面临挑战时所必需的体系。本空表示将来发生的动作，用现在进行时表将来，谓语用is coming。故填is coming。 B 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期阶段练习英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．conclusive  B．documented  C． implications  D．interests  E. landscapes AB．hit AC． set AD．overall  AE. urgency BC． uses BD．volume Microplastics: harmful pollution must be contained New and concerning findings from environmental scientists about the impact of microplastics on crops and marine creatures add to a growing body of evidence about the damage caused to living systems by plastic pollution. The results, from a team led by Prof Huan Zhong at Nanjing University, China, are not 11 and require confirmation. But analysis showing that plastics could limit photosynthesis (the change of sunlight into chemical energy) must be taken seriously. If the researchers are correct, and main food crops are being reduced by about 12%, there are huge 12 for global agriculture and food supplies. This could add new 13 to efforts to tackle plastic pollution. There is no single route by which microplastic particles prevent plants from growing. The 14 effect is due to a combination of blocked sunlight and nutrients, and damage to soil and cells. When the researchers modelled the crop losses caused by an effect of this size, they found Asia was hardest 15 , potentially contributing to food insecurity and worsening hunger. The extent of the pollution of the Earth by microplastics has been widely 16 . The tiny particles that are formed when plastics break down in the environment have been found in breast milk, brains, livers and bones, and in remote areas including the Arctic seas. Plastic is already understood to pose serious threats to animals including sea creatures. It also ruins 17 , seriously impacting the people who live in them and anyone trying to make a living from tourism. Talks aimed at agreeing a UN treaty on plastic pollution ended in failure. Almost all single-use plastics are made from fossil fuels, and fossil-fuel businesses oppose any limits on production. But the enormous 18 of plastic waste, and the growing evidence of the range of harms it causes, mean action must be taken. Plastic will continue to have its 19 , but the growth of single-use items, including packaging, is out of control. Just 9% of plastic gets recycled. Fossil-fuel 20 must be held accountable for plastic pollution just as they are challenged over global heating caused by coal, oil and gas. 【答案】 11．A 12．C 13．AE 14．AD 15．AB 16．B 17．E 18．BD 19．BC 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了微塑料污染对作物和海洋生物的危害，以及全球需要采取行动应对塑料污染的紧迫性。 11．考查形容词。句意：南京大学钟欢教授团队的研究结果并非结论性的，需要进一步证实。根据后文“require confirmation”可知，这些结果还不是最终确定的，因此需要填入表示“结论性的”形容词，应用 conclusive作表语。故选A。 12．考查名词。句意：如果研究人员是正确的，主要粮食作物减产约12%，那么这对全球农业和食品供应将产生巨大的影响。此处指研究发现带来的后果或影响，implications 意为“影响、含义”，符合语境，作主语。故选C。 13．考查名词。句意：这可能为应对塑料污染的努力增添新的紧迫性。前文提到微塑料可能降低光合作用，导致粮食减产，因此治理塑料污染变得更加紧迫。urgency 意为“紧迫性”，符合文意，作宾语。故填AE。 14．考查形容词。句意：总体效应是由于阳光和营养被阻塞，以及土壤和细胞受损的综合作用。此处指微塑料影响的多方面因素共同导致的整体效果，overall 意为“整体的”，修饰 effect，作定语。故填AD。 15．考查动词。句意：研究人员模拟了这种规模效应造成的作物损失，发现亚洲受打击最严重。hardest hit为固定搭配，意为“受打击最严重”，hit 在此作动词过去分词。故填AB。 16．考查动词。句意：微塑料对地球的污染程度已被广泛记录。此处表示“被广泛记录”，document意为“记录、证明”，此处应用过去分词形式与have been构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填B。 17．考查名词。句意：塑料还破坏了景观，严重影响当地居民和依赖旅游业谋生的人。landscapes意为“景观、地貌”，作宾语，与 ruins 搭配，表示对环境美观的破坏。故填E。 18．考查名词。句意：但塑料废物的巨大数量，以及越来越多证据表明其造成的各种危害，意味着必须采取行动。volume在此指塑料废物的“量、体积”，强调数量庞大，作主语。故填BD。 19．考查名词。句意：塑料将继续有其用途，但一次性物品（包括包装）的增长已失控。have its uses 意为“有它的用途”，表示塑料仍有实用价值，作宾语。故填BC。 20．考查名词。句意：化石燃料利益集团必须对塑料污染负责，正如它们因煤炭、石油和天然气导致全球变暖而受到挑战一样。interests在此指“利益集团、行业利益”，作主语。故填D。 C 【来源】上海市松江二中2025-2026学年高三上学期10月考试英语试题 “All puppies are cute,” explains Clive Wynne, the head of Arizona State University’s canine (犬科的)-science laboratory. “But not all puppies are 21 cute.” Indeed, breeders have long found that puppies become their cutest selves at the eight-week mark. And recent research indicates that peak puppy cuteness serves important purposes — and might play a fundamental role in 22 dog and owner together. In a study published this spring, Wynne and his colleagues sought to pin down, scientifically, the 23 of puppy cuteness. Their finding largely 24 that of breeders: People always rated dogs most attractive when they were six to eight weeks old. This age, Wynne says, 25 a crucial developmental milestone: Mother dogs stop nursing their young around the eighth week, after which pups rely on humans for 26 . (Puppies without human caretakers face death rates of up to 95 percent in their first year of life.) Peak cuteness, then, is no accident—at exactly the moment when our care matters most, puppies become 27 to us. Humans seem to be especially vulnerable to cute things. Research dating back to the 1940s shows that virtually any creature with babylike features is capable of arousing our 28 . But canine cuteness is uniquely 29 , and its strategic deployment (部署) is not limited to puppies. In a study of dogs aged 1 to 12, psychologists in the United Kingdom showed that people’s pets were significantly more likely to raise their brows and stick out their tongue when humans were looking at them, which lends grown canines a 30 air. Born blind and basically deaf, puppies aren’t interactive in their first weeks of life, and Wynne notes that many people find animals in this stage 31 . A recent study focused on humans showed that, 32 six-week-old puppies, six-month-old babies are seen as significantly cuter than newborns. As the psychologists Gary Sherman and Jonathan Haidt have proposed, the delayed beginning of cuteness in human babies offers benefits far beyond kicking our 33 into overdrive — it also leads to a flood of social interactions, such as petting, playing, and baby-talking. These 34 are developmentally crucial to puppies as well, but they can’t be carried out very effectively with the extremely 35 . And so “one is not born cute,” Sherman and Haidt conclude. “One becomes cute.” 21．A．randomly B．particularly C．sociably D．equally 22．A．binding B．exhibiting C．locating D．protecting 23．A．degree B．timeline C．study D．result 24．A．varied B．reminded C．matched D．adjusted 25．A．refers to B．corresponds to C．contributes to D．sticks to 26．A．success B．information C．survival D．relaxation 27．A．essential B．irresistible C．familiar D．unknown 28．A．affection B．courage C．conclusion D．direction 29．A．pet-minded B．time-limited C．human-directed D．survival-driven 30．A．commanding B．dignified C．fearful D．puppyish 31．A．helpless B．mysterious C．approachable D．unappealing 32．A．contrary to B．regardless of C．similar to D．independent of 33．A．defending B．competing C．developing D．caretaking 34．A．instincts B．delays C．purposes D．acts 35．A．weak B．old C．young D．strong 【答案】 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．B 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．D 31．D 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究表明小狗在 6-8 周大时最可爱，这一峰值并非偶然，而是生存驱动的策略 —— 此时母狗停止哺乳，小狗需依赖人类照料。狗的可爱具有独特生存意义，且人类对可爱事物的照料欲对其发育至关重要。 21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“但并非所有的小狗都同样可爱。”A. randomly随机地；B. particularly特别；C. sociably善于应酬地；D. equally同样。前文“All puppies are cute”说所有小狗都可爱，后文“Indeed, breeders have long found that puppies become their cutest selves at the eight-week mark.”转折强调8周大时最可爱，即“并非同样可爱”，故选D。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：而近期的研究表明，小狗达到最萌的阶段具有重要的意义，并且可能在将狗与主人紧密联系在一起方面发挥着关键作用。A. binding联系；B. exhibiting展览；C. locating定位；D. protecting保护。结合“peak puppy cuteness serves important purposes”可知，可爱是狗与主人建立情感联结的纽带，“bind together”（使联结）符合语境，故选A。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在今年春季发表的一项研究中，温尼和他的同事们试图从科学角度确定小狗可爱程度的变化时间线。A. degree程度；B. timeline时间轴；C. study学习；D. result结果。后文“People always rated dogs most attractive when they were six to eight weeks old.”提到6-8周大时最吸引人，即确定可爱的“时间节点/时间线”，故选B。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的研究结果与饲养员的发现基本一致：人们总是认为小狗在六到八周大的时候最具吸引力。A. varied变化；B. reminded提醒；C. matched匹配；D. adjusted调整。根据上文“Indeed, breeders have long found that puppies become their cutest selves at the eight-week mark.”以及后文“People always rated dogs most attractive when they were six to eight weeks old.”可知，说饲养员早就发现8周大时最可爱，研究结果与匹配，故选C。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：温尼说，这个阶段对应着一个重要的发育里程碑：母狗在第八周左右就会停止哺育幼崽，此后幼崽就得依靠人类来生存了。A. refers to参考；B. corresponds to相当于；C. contributes to有助于；D. sticks to坚持。根据后文“a crucial developmental milestone: Mother dogs stop nursing their young around the eighth week”可知，此处指“6-8 周大”与“母狗停止哺乳”的发育节点相对应，故选B。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：温尼说，这个阶段对应着一个重要的发育里程碑：母狗在第八周左右就会停止哺育幼崽，此后幼崽就得依靠人类来生存了。A. success成功；B. information信息；C. survival幸存；D. relaxation放松。后文“Puppies without human caretakers face death rates of up to 95 percent in their first year of life.”提到无人类照料的小狗第一年死亡率达95%”，说明依赖人类生存，故选C。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，小狗的可爱程度堪称完美——就在我们最为需要关爱的时刻，小狗们却会变得令我们无法抗拒。A. essential重要的；B. irresistible无法抗拒的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. unknown未知的。结合“humans seem to be especially vulnerable to cute things”可知，可爱的小狗让人无法抗拒，故选B。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：早在20世纪40年代进行的研究表明，几乎任何具有类似婴儿特征的生物都能唤起我们的喜爱之情。A. affection喜爱；B. courage勇气；C. conclusion结论；D. direction方向。根据上文“babylike features is capable of arousing our”可知，可爱的事物会让人产生喜爱之情，故选A。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但犬类的可爱之处是完全由人类来欣赏的，而且这种可爱特质的巧妙运用并不仅限于幼犬。A. pet-minded宠物般的心性；B. time-limited时间有限的；C. human-directed人本的；D. survival-driven以生存为导向的。前文提到小狗在需要人类照料时达到可爱峰值，说明可爱是为了生存，故选C。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一项针对1至12岁犬类的研究中，英国的心理学家发现，当人类注视它们时，宠物犬会明显地扬起眉毛并伸出舌头，这使得成年犬看起来像小狗狗一样。A. commanding指挥的；B. dignified庄严的；C. fearful害怕的；D. puppyish小狗的。根据上文“people’s pets were significantly more likely to raise their brows and stick out their tongue when humans were looking at them, which lends grown canines a”可知，成年狗挑眉、吐舌头的动作像小狗，显得可爱，故选D。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些小狗出生时既失明又几乎失聪，在出生后的头几周内它们无法与人互动，温恩指出，很多人在这个阶段会觉得这些动物没有吸引力。A. helpless无助的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. approachable亲切友善的；D. unappealing无吸引力的。前文说小狗出生后几周失明失聪、不互动，结合“delayed beginning of cuteness”，此时还不可爱，无吸引力，故选D。 32．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：最近的一项针对人类的研究表明，与六周大的小狗一样，六个月大的婴儿看起来要比新生儿更可爱得多。A. contrary to与……相反；B. regardless of不管；C. similar to类似于；D. independent of独立。根据后文“six-week-old puppies, six-month-old babies are seen as significantly cuter than newborns”可知，此处将婴儿与小狗类比，二者都是“后期才变得更可爱”，故选C。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如心理学家加里·谢尔曼和乔纳森·海德所提出的那样，人类婴儿萌态出现的延迟所带来的好处远不止能让我们无休止地照顾他们——它还会引发大量的社交互动，比如抚摸、玩耍和与婴儿交谈等。A. defending防御；B. competing竞争；C. developing发展；D. caretaking照看。根据后文“it also leads to a flood of social interactions, such as petting, playing, and baby-talking”可知，可爱会激发人类的照料欲，故选D。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些行为对幼犬的成长也非常重要，但对于极小的幼崽来说，却很难有效地进行。A. instincts本能；B. delays推迟；C. purposes目的；D. acts行为。前文“it also leads to a flood of social interactions, such as petting, playing, and baby-talking”提到“抚摸、玩耍、婴儿式说话”等社交行为，故选D。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些行为对幼犬的成长也非常重要，但对于极小的幼崽来说，却很难有效地进行。A. weak虚弱的；B. old老的；C. young年幼的；D. strong强烈的。结合“puppies aren’t interactive in their first weeks”可知，刚出生几周的小狗（极其幼小）无法进行互动，故选C。 第二套 A 【来源】上海市南汇中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月阶段练习英语试题 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Designing a Game The first thing you’ll need to design a great game is an objective, or goal, for players to work toward. Objectives can take many forms, but they should always be clear to the players. Hockey games have a time limit. When the final whistle sounds, whichever team has more points wins. In Risk, each player gets cards listing their personal objectives, and the first person to complete all of them wins. Both games have one thing in common. 1 one player or team reaches the final objective, they win. In this type of game, you’ll need to decide 2 players can affect other players’ progress towards the objective. In Battleship, the objective is 3 (guess) where your opponent’s ships are. But if you get a hit, it won’t prevent them from hitting one of your ships. Players race to the goal, but they can’t prevent other players from making progress. In chess you can capture the opponent’s pieces, leaving them with 4 (little) to work with. In this type of game, one player can and often must prevent the other player or players from advancing in order to reach the objective first. Neither style is better or worse - some people just enjoy 5 more than the other. An escape room, on the other hand, is a game where several people 6 (lock) in a room with a variety of puzzles. They 7 solve the puzzles together to leave the room before time runs out. In a cooperative game 8 this, players don’t compete with each other. Instead, players work together to achieve the objective. They either unlock the door and they all win, or time runs out and they all lose. Not all games have one final goal. Some have many smaller objectives, and in others, the objectives are set by the players themselves. In Minecraft, one player’s goal might be to build a particular structure, while another’s is to explore the world and see what inspires them. If players need to set their own objectives, 9 (make) sure this is clear. Otherwise, they may spend their time struggling to figure out the 10 (suppose) end goal rather than enjoying the game. 【答案】 1．When/If/Once 2．whether/if 3．to guess 4．less 5．one 6．are locked 7．must 8．like 9．make 10．supposed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了设计一款游戏时需考虑的核心要素，包括游戏目标、玩家间的互动模式（竞争或合作）以及目标设定的清晰性等内容。 1．考查连词。句意：当/如果一名玩家或一支队伍达成最终目标时，他们就获胜了。空格处可看作引导时间状语从句，结合句意，此处表示“当……时”，且从句动作与主句动作同时发生，所以用连词When/Once。也可看作引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，用if引导。故填When/Once/If。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：在这类游戏中，你需要决定玩家是否能影响其他玩家朝着目标前进的进度。空格处引导宾语从句，作decide的宾语，结合后文对两种游戏模式（可影响和不可影响）的介绍，此处表示“是否”，所以用whether/if。故填whether/if。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在《战舰》游戏中，目标是猜出对手的战舰位置。空处作表语，表示objective的具体内容，且指向一个将来的动作，需用不定式结构to do。故填to guess。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：在国际象棋中，你可以吃掉对手的棋子，让他们可用的棋子更少。结合语境，吃掉棋子后可用棋子数量会“更少”，存在比较含义，little的比较级为less。故填less。 5．考查代词。句意：这两种风格没有优劣之分——有些人只是更喜欢其中一种。空格处指代前文提到的Neither style中的一种，为避免重复，用代词one。故填one。 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：另一方面，密室逃脱是一款多人被锁在一个房间里，面对各种谜题的游戏。主语several people与lock之间为被动关系，且此处描述密室逃脱游戏的客观规则，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，所以用are locked。故填are locked。 7．考查情态动词。句意：他们必须一起解开谜题，才能在时间结束前离开房间。结合密室逃脱的游戏规则，解开谜题是离开房间的必要条件，此处表示“必须、得”，所以用情态动词must。故填must。 8．考查介词。句意：在像这样一款合作游戏中，玩家们不相互竞争。表示“像”，且后面接代词this，应用介词like。故填like。 9．考查祈使句。句意：如果玩家需要自己设定目标，要确保这一点是明确的。句中if引导的条件状语从句，主句为祈使句，所以用动词原形make开头，句首首字母小写。故填make。 10．考查形容词。句意：否则，他们可能会花时间费力去弄清楚所谓的最终目标，而不是享受游戏。空格处修饰名词end goal，需用形容词，suppose的形容词形式为supposed，意为“所谓的、假定的”。故填supposed。 B 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．exclusively    B．fading    C． portion     D．pressed        E. reluctant    F. revealing   G. streaming     H. stuffed    I. tide        J. unremarkably    K. unspoilt The West Highland Line: Follow the Rail of Hogwarts Express Soaring mountains, expansive lakes and famous bridges have earned Scotland’s West Highland Line a place among the best railway journeys in the world. Starting in Glasgow, traveling north through historic villages and ending in the coastal village of Mallaig, this line is an easy and sustainable way to discover the Scottish Highlands. My journey on this scenic train route started rather 11 . The 08:12 train required me to begin my day alongside thousands of passengers 12 into Queen Street Station — many of whom held coffees and kept their eyes cast down ahead of another day in the office. And I was almost the only one traveling against the 13 . All of a sudden, we were in the southern reaches of the Highlands, where all was mirrored lakes and valleys 14 with Scots pine. Morning mist rolled between hills, hiding and then 15 more of this perfect landscape. The dying days of autumn were exceedingly beautiful and we were just an hour into the journey. Passengers’ phones and noses were 16 to windows. Some urgently tried to post their experience in real time to social media, but the Wi-Fi signal was weak in the mountains and I didn’t want to miss the extraordinary landscape. An indisputable highlight along this section is the Glenfinnan Viaduct (高架桥), which staff took time to announce in a small break. Fans of the Harry Potter films often lose their minds at this 17 of the 120-year-old line-the Hogwarts Express passes over this old viaduct in several of the movies. And I could easily see why it’s simply breathtaking to behold and attracts visitors from across the globe. It’s the longest concrete railway bridge in Scotland and spans about a thousand feet over the River Finnan around one hundred feet above the ground, passing through some of the most atmospheric and 18 scenery. By the time we left Mallaig at 16: 05, the mid — November daylight was already 19 , meaning my long journey back to Glasgow happened almost 20 in the dark. Not much was visible through the window as we started chugging south, but even in the blackness, I knew there was magic out there somewhere. 【答案】 11．J 12．G 13．I 14．H 15．F 16．D 17．C 18．K 19．B 20．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了本文讲述作者乘坐苏格兰西高地铁路线的旅程：开端平淡，驶入高地后，湖光山色与格伦芬南高架桥令人沉醉，返程虽天色渐暗，但这段旅程仍充满魔力。 11．考查副词。句意：我在这条风景优美的火车路线上的旅程开始时相当平淡无奇。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词started，unremarkably意为“平淡无奇地”为副词，修饰动词started，符合语境。故选J项。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：8点12分的火车要求我和成千上万涌入皇后街车站的乘客一起开始新的一天——他们中的许多人端着咖啡，眼睛低低地看着又一天的工作。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰passengers，结合句意可知，此处为动词短语stream“涌入”符合语境，stream和passengers为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故选G项。 13．考查名词。句意：我几乎是唯一一个逆着潮流而行的人。分析句子可知，空前为冠词the，此处为名词作宾语成分，tide“潮流”为名词，符合语境。故选I项。 14．考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句意：突然间，我们来到了苏格兰高地的南部，那里全是像镜子一样的湖泊和长满苏格兰松的山谷。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be stuffed with“充满，装满”，满足句意要求，结合句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰lakes and valleys，lakes and valleys和be stuffed with为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故选H项。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：晨雾在山间翻滚，掩盖了又暴露了这片完美的风景。分析句子可知，此处为and连接的hiding构成并列现在分词作状语，revealing“暴露”为现在分词，符合语境。故选F项。 16．考查固定短语。句意：乘客的手机和鼻子都被压在窗户上。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配be pressed to the windows 表示“被贴在窗户上”，符合语境。故选D项。 17．考查名词。句意：《哈利·波特》系列电影的粉丝们经常会在这段有120年历史的线路上失去理智——霍格沃茨特快列车在几部电影中都会经过这座古老的高架桥。分析句子可知，空前为this指示代词，此处为名词形式作宾语，portion“部分”，符合语境。故选C项。 18．考查形容词。句意：它是苏格兰最长的混凝土铁路桥，跨度约1000英尺，横跨芬南河，距地面约100英尺，穿过一些最具大气和未受破坏的风景。分析句子可知，空后scenery为名词，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词，unspoilt“未受破坏的”为形容词，符合语境。故选K项。 19．考查动词。句意：当我们在16点05分离开马莱格时，11月中旬的日光已经渐渐暗淡，这意味着我返回格拉斯哥的漫长旅程几乎完全是在黑暗中进行的。分析句子可知，此处为动词过去进行时作谓语成分，fading“渐渐暗淡”为动词，符合语境。故选B项。 20．考查副词。句意：当我们在16点05分离开马莱格时，11月中旬的日光已经渐渐暗淡，这意味着我返回格拉斯哥的漫长旅程几乎完全是在黑暗中进行的。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词happened，exclusively“完全地”为副词，符合语境。故选A项。 C 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习试题 I Love Finding Birds’ Nests, but What’s in Them Troubles Me Most birds go to great lengths to hide their nests. So when I find one, so carefully crafted, I’m filled with awe. They are 21 of the natural world. The weave of grass, leaves and other natural materials is 22 to each species. Most birds use nests only to raise their young. For small birds, this could be less than one month out of the year. For that reason, I generally don’t consider them homes. But the analogy (类比) is suitable, if only to convey the uniqueness of their 23 . Of a house, you might say: That’s a craftsman or a Cape Cod style. The same sort of design 24 can be seen in a nest. That’s a robin’s nest or a red-tailed hawk’s. Birds can be choosy about the materials they use to build their nest. Some line their nests with snakeskin to 25 enemies. Others stuff feathers inside dome-shaped nests of sticks or create 26 entrances to trick predators or add aromatic leaves to repel parasites. Increasingly, and 27 for what it says about the state of the planet, birds are also using all sorts of plastic litter and other trash to build their nests. The scene reflects yet another way the human 28 has affixed itself on the natural world. Among the trash that birds use to build their nests are wrappers from candy, cigarettes, plastic cotton and shipping material. 29 as this may be, it’s also a sign of talent. Birds, which evolved from small dinosaurs, are 30 the human dominated world they inhabit. Take a northern mockingbird nest for example. Plastic materials include green plastic netting, white nylon string, white plastic cotton filling as well as fragments of rags. Natural materials include pine needles and natural fibers. Do these materials attract 31 attention from predators? Or entangle nestlings? We don’t fully know what impact all this trash is having on birds. There may be benefits to some of the rubbish they add. Plastics may strengthen nests. 32 , nestlings may eat some of the plastic or other trash, resulting in sickness. Let’s take a look at a gray catbird nest. It’s amazing that birds recognize and match the 33 of plastic and other trash materials to natural ones. I’ve seen shreds of tarp replace grass to suspend nests from branches and plastic cotton used instead of plant fibers to insulate eggs. Yes, it is 34 for what this says about the world we humans have made. But I still find wonder in the stories these nests tell about the lives and circumstances of their architects and the 35 choices they made in assembling the place where they will raise their offspring. 21．A．disasters B．marvels C．guardians D．explorations 22．A．accessible B．specific C．subject D．strange 23．A．creativity B．flight C．architecture D．operation 24．A．similarity B．confusion C．disorder D．distinction 25．A．fight against B．shelter from C．duck behind D．scare off 26．A．false B．real C．wide D．narrow 27．A．excitingly B．troublingly C．indifferently D．calmly 28．A．signature B．masterpiece C．fascination D．resolution 29．A．Helpless B．Overwhelmed C．Distressing D．Refreshing 30．A．escaping from B．adjusting to C．taking no notice of D．agreeing with 31．A．unwanted B．intentional C．undivided D．undue 32．A．Therefore B．On the other hand C．In addition D．For example 33．A．properties B．fabrics C．sizes D．shapes 34．A．soul-stirring B．awe-inspiring C．heartbreaking D．eye-catching 35．A．random B．wise C．hasty D．careless 【答案】 21．B 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者观察鸟巢的体验，探讨了鸟类筑巢的精巧设计与材料选择，重点描述了它们如何在人类影响下使用塑料等废弃物筑巢的现象。作者对此感到担忧，但也惊叹于鸟类的适应能力，并思考了这种行为对鸟类自身的潜在影响，在矛盾中表达了对鸟类及其生存环境复杂的情感。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们是自然界的奇观。A. disasters灾难；B. marvels奇迹，奇观；C. guardians守护者；D. explorations探索。根据前文“I’m filled with awe”和“so carefully crafted”可知，鸟巢令人惊叹，是“奇观”。故选B项。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由草、树叶和其他天然材料编织的方式对每个物种来说是特定的。A. accessible可进入的；B. specific特定的；C. subject受……支配的；D. strange奇怪的。根据后文“to each species”和“the uniqueness”可知，不同鸟类的巢穴独一无二，各有特点，因此编织方式是“特定的”。故选B项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这个类比是合适的，如果只是为了传达它们建筑的独特性。A. creativity创造力；B. flight飞行；C. architecture建筑；D. operation操作。根据前文将鸟巢类比为房屋，以及后文提到的“craftsman style”和“Cape Cod style”都是建筑风格可知，此处强调鸟巢的“建筑”结构。故选C项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样的设计区别也能在鸟巢中看到。A. similarity相似；B. confusion困惑；C. disorder混乱；D. distinction区别，差异。前文“Of a house, you might say: That’s a craftsman or a Cape Cod style.”列举了两种不同的人类建筑风格，结合后文“That’s a robin’s nest or a red-tailed hawk’s.”可推知，文中类比了不同鸟类的巢穴在设计上也有显著“区别”。故选D项。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有些用蛇皮衬巢，以吓退敌人。A. fight against对抗；B. shelter from躲避；C. duck behind躲在……后面；D. scare off吓跑。根据后文“enemies”可推知，蛇皮建巢材料主要用于“吓退”捕食者。故选D项。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一些则在圆顶树枝巢中塞入羽毛，或制造假入口以欺骗捕食者，或添加芳香叶子来驱赶寄生虫。A. false假的；B. real真的；C. wide宽的；D. narrow窄的。根据后文“to trick predators”可知，是为了欺骗捕食者，所以是“假的”入口。故选A项。 27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：越来越多地，鸟类也在使用各种塑料垃圾和其他废弃物来筑巢，这种现象令人不安，因为它说明了地球的状况。A. excitingly令人兴奋地；B. troublingly令人不安地；C. indifferently冷漠地；D. calmly平静地。根据“for what it says about the state of the planet”可知，鸟类使用人类垃圾反映了环境问题，这是“令人不安的”。故选B项。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个场景反映了人类印记附加在自然界上的另一种方式。A. signature印记，签名；B. masterpiece杰作；C. fascination迷恋；D. resolution决心。根据后文描述的具体垃圾“wrappers from candy, cigarettes, plastic cotton and shipping material”可知，这是人类活动留下的“印记”。故选A项。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这可能是令人痛心的，但它也是一种才能的标志。A. Helpless无助的；B. Overwhelmed不堪重负的；C. Distressing令人痛心的；D. Refreshing令人耳目一新的。根据前文“Increasingly, and ___7___ for what it says about the state of the planet, birds are also using all sorts of plastic litter and other trash to build their nests.”可知，鸟类使用垃圾筑巢令人不安，这一现象“令人痛心；后文“but also a sign of talent”的转折也暗示了前半句是负面情感。故选C项。 30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：鸟类，从小恐龙进化而来，正在适应它们所居住的人类主导的世界。A. escaping from逃离；B. adjusting to适应；C. taking no notice of不注意；D. agreeing with同意。根据后文举例说明鸟类利用塑料等人类废弃物筑巢，以及前文人类对自然界的影响可知，这是鸟类“适应”人类主导环境的表现。故选B项。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些材料会引来捕食者不必要的关注吗？A. unwanted不需要的，不受欢迎的；B. intentional故意的；C. undivided全部的；D. undue过分的。根据前文“Plastic materials include green plastic netting, white nylon string, white plastic cotton filling as well as fragments of rags.”和常识，鸟类使用颜色鲜艳或异常的塑料可能会增加被天敌发现的概率，这是它们“不想要的”额外关注。故选A项。 32．考查介词短语辨析。句意：另一方面，雏鸟可能会吃掉一些塑料或其他垃圾，导致生病。A. Therefore因此；B. On the other hand另一方面；C. In addition此外；D. For example例如。前句“There may be benefits to some of the rubbish they add. Plastics may strengthen nests.”提到使用垃圾可能有益处，本句提出潜在的危害，是转折对比关系，用“另一方面”。故选B项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，鸟类能识别并匹配塑料和其他垃圾材料与天然材料的特性。A. properties特性；B. fabrics织物；C. sizes尺寸；D. shapes形状。根据后文举例“shreds of tarp replace grass to suspend nests”和“plastic cotton used instead of plant fibers to insulate eggs”可知，鸟类是根据材料的功能特性(悬挂、绝缘)进行替换的，而不是仅仅根据形状或尺寸。故选A项。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，这令人心碎，因为它折射出我们人类所造就的这个世界的现状。A. soul-stirring振奋人心的；B. awe-inspiring令人敬畏的；C. heartbreaking令人心碎的；D. eye-catching引人注目的。根据前文描述的鸟类被迫使用垃圾筑巢这一负面现象，以及“what this says about the world we humans have made”可知，作者反思人类所造就的这个世界的现状，认为这“令人心碎”。故选C项。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我仍然对这些鸟巢所讲述的关于其建造者的生活和环境，以及它们为养育后代所选择的明智的材料选择感到惊奇。A. random随机的；B. wise明智的；C. hasty仓促的；D. careless粗心的。根据前文鸟类根据材料特性(如用塑料布代替草悬挂巢穴，用塑料棉代替植物纤维保温)来适应环境可知，这些选择是“明智的”。故选B项。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $