题型综训06：题型之阅读 -阅读单选题、阅读六选四组合练（I）（综合训练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题型综训06：阅读理解、六选四组合练（I） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE; I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself. Then one day, I was trying to prepare the soil, and I honestly wasn’t enjoying my time of peace and loneliness. My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping. Working as a team, we had the pea patch dug up and fertilized in no time at all. I thanked Josiah, realizing that l had enjoyed his company. The same thing happened with picking up rocks and planting the seeds —one or two of the children would appear to watch and then participate. Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster. So I stopped resenting their company and instead I began to share my gardening secrets. As spring became summer and the real work began, I expected the children to disappear, but no, there they were, watering, pulling weeds and checking for insects. One day I slipped out by myself to the garden, feeling a little bit guilty. I had a suspicion that the sugar snap peas were ripe, and I wanted a taste. As I walked along the row, a little voice piped up behind me. “What are you eating, Mama?” Abby’s big blue eyes sparkled as I showed her how to pull the strings off and pop (剥出) the peas into her mouth. She just loved how tasty they were. Then my sweet seven-year-old girl put me to shame. “Mama, I’ve got to pick a bunch. Won’t the others love them? I can’t wait to share.” I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I’ll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.” 1．Why did the writer ask her children to do chores whenever they were in the garden? A．She didn’t want to do all the work on her own. B．She intended to show the hard labor of gardening. C．She didn’t want them to get hurt or get too tired. D．She was determined to keep the garden to herself. 2．What were the children like? ① loud ② lively ③ guilty ④ loving ⑤ strong A．①②③④ B．①②④ C．①②③ D．④⑤ 3．The underlined word “resent” probably means________. A．dislike B．expect C．keep D．sacrifice 4．What did the writer try to tell the readers with this story? A．The best way to communicate with children is by working together. B．The golden rule of gardening is that many hands make light work. C．Everything feels better when shared with your family or your friend. D．Parents should spend as much time with their children as possible. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者喜欢在自己的花园里独处，享受这份宁静祥和，可是孩子们很喜欢在花园里帮助作者干活，慢慢作者喜欢和孩子们一起在花园里干活，同时意识到自己的自私，认识到应该和家人一起分享园艺的乐趣。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE; I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself.(我的花园是我的避难所，我在里面找到了与世隔绝的感觉。我有七个孩子，所以我们家现在是一片混乱。很长一段时间，我守卫着这个宁静祥和的地方。当孩子们跟着我走进花园时，我会给他们分配任务。“在这里，你给豆子除草，给洋葱浇水”很快他们就会热起来，或者他们的背会因为弯腰而疼痛，最后他们就会留我一人在花园。)”可知，作者很爱在花园里独处，享受着宁静祥和，但是孩子们来到花园后，作者无法享受这份宁静，由此可以推断出，作者给孩子们分配任务，是因为等他们累了，他们就会离开花园，把作者一个人留在花园里，这样作者就能独立待在花园里，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion.(我有七个孩子，所以我们家现在是一片混乱，非常热闹。)”可知，作者的孩子很吵闹，也很活泼，根据第二段中“My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping.(我13岁的儿子Josiah拿起一把备用铲子开始帮忙。)”和第三段中“Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster(每一次，我都会惊讶地发现，因为他们的帮助，工作变得更轻松，他们的笑声让时间过得更快)”可知，孩子们总是帮助作者，所以说他们很有爱心，由此可知，孩子们是吵闹，活泼和有爱心的，故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段上文“Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster.(每一次，我都会惊讶地发现，因为他们的帮助，工作变得更轻松，他们的笑声让时间过得更快)”可知，有了孩子们的帮助，工作变得很轻松，笑声也让时间过得更快，这说明作者开始喜欢和孩子们在花园里一起工作，结合划线单词下文“instead I began to share my gardening secrets.(相反我开始分享我的园艺秘诀。)”可知，作者开始喜欢和孩子们在花园里一起工作，不再讨厌孩子们的陪伴，而且开始和孩子们一起分享自己的园艺秘密，由此可推知，划线单词“resent”和dislike(不喜欢)意思一样，故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I'll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.”(我意识到自己有多自私。我一直想把园艺的乐趣留给自己，而这个孩子迫不及待地想和她的兄弟姐妹们分享。我忍住眼泪说“当然，亲爱的，我们摘一些，我教你怎么做。我们会做出最美味的晚餐”)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者喜欢在自己的花园里独处，享受这份宁静祥和，可是孩子们很喜欢在花园里帮助作者干活，慢慢作者喜欢和孩子们在花园里一起干活，同时意识到自己的自私，认识到应该和家人一起分享园艺的乐趣，由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了告诉读者，和你的家人或朋友分享，一切都会感觉更好。故选C。 B 【来源】上海市闵行区七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 Why Do We Do Things That Are Bad for Us? Ancient Puzzle More than two thousand years ago, Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle debated a question that still feels modern: Why do people act against what they believe is best? They called this phenomenon akrasia — a failure of self-control in the face of temptation. While Socrates argued that truly knowing the good would make wrongdoing impossible, Aristotle observed that human desire often weakens our judgment, turning clear thinking into hesitation and regret. Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire Modern research continues that dialogue. Richard Holton, a philosopher at Cambridge University, notes that we often choose what we don’t consider best: “It may feel idealistic,” he said, “but we constantly decide to do things we judge to be unwise.” ●Psychologists describe akrasia as a conflict between our intentions and our actions. ●Economists go further: revealed-preference theory suggests that behavior itself — what we actually do — reveals our true values more clearly than our words. The Pull of the Present According to psychologist George Ainslie, people naturally overvalue short-term rewards and undervalue long-term ones, a process known as hyperbolic discounting. That is why________.      Survey Insight: 73% of adults admit that their daily choices often conflict with their long-term goals. The Power of Environment Philosopher and researcher Kalis argues that our surroundings — not just our willpower — shape self-control. Adjusting one's environment may help resist temptation more effectively than simply “trying harder.” Leaving the phone outside the bedroom or scheduling exercise with a friend are examples of commitment devices — practical ways to prevent sudden shifts in behavior. Turning Desire into Action Studies show that goals are achieved more often when we set a specific plan rather than vague intentions. Psychologist Peter Gollwitzer calls this an implementation intention: “If I finish my work, then I’ll watch one episode” This method helps translate intention into behavior, reducing the mental space for excuses. Still, two conflicting intentions cannot coexist for long; one will eventually guide our action. 5．What does the term akrasia mainly refer to? A．moment of hesitation before making a moral choice. B．A sudden change caused by strong emotional pressure. C．loss of the ability to judge right from wrong. D．A conflict between what we intend and what we actually do. 6．Which of the following best fits the blank numbered “__________”? A．we reward ourselves with a short break after finishing our homework on time B．we carefully make a long-term study plan and follow it without any hesitation C．we choose to watch one more episode even when we have an essay to complete D．we turn off our phones to avoid any potential distraction while studying for exams 7．What can be inferred from the ideas discussed in the passage? A．Long-term goals seldom change with emotion. B．Self-control comes mainly from talent, not planning. C．True values are reflected more in choices than in claims. D．Philosophers once thought knowledge guaranteed virtue. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了“人们为何会做对自己不利的事”这一古老谜题，介绍了“意志薄弱（akrasia）”的概念，结合哲学观点与现代研究，从理性与欲望的冲突、短期奖励的诱惑、环境的影响等方面分析了原因，并给出了将欲望转化为行动的解决方法。 5．细节理解题。根据“Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire”部分中“Psychologists describe akrasia as a conflict between our intentions and our actions. (心理学家将akrasia描述为我们的意图和行动之间的冲突)”可知，akrasia主要指的是我们的意图和实际行动之间的冲突。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据“The Pull of the Present”部分中“According to psychologist George Ainslie, people naturally overvalue short-term rewards and undervalue long-term ones, a process known as hyperbolic discounting. (根据心理学家George Ainslie的说法，人们自然会高估短期奖励而低估长期奖励，这一过程被称为双曲线贴现)”可知，人们往往会高估短期奖励而低估长期奖励，因此，空处内容应该与人们更倾向于选择短期奖励的行为有关。选项C“we choose to watch one more episode even when we have an essay to complete (即使我们有一篇论文要完成，我们还是选择再看一集)”可知，即使有论文要完成，人们还是选择再看一集，这体现了人们更倾向于选择短期奖励的行为，符合这一逻辑。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据“Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire”部分中“Economists go further: revealed-preference theory suggests that behavior itself — what we actually do — reveals our true values more clearly than our words. (经济学家更进一步：显示偏好理论表明，行为本身——我们实际所做的——比我们的言语更能清楚地揭示我们的真正价值观)”可知，经经济学家认为实际行为比语言更能反映真实价值观，即真正的价值观更多体现在选择中而非宣称中。故选C项。 C 【来源】上海市南汇中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月阶段练习英语试题 This summer scientists drilled deep below the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of northeastern US and tapped into a huge, mysterious reservoir of freshwater — what they discovered could have big implications for a world struggling with an increasingly severe water crisis. The existence of freshwater beneath the Atlantic has been known for decades, but it had remained virtually unexplored. Then, in 2019, scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Columbia University announced a ‌“surprising discovery.” Using electromagnetic waves, they had mapped a gigantic swath of fresh water below the ocean, stretching along the shore from Massachusetts to New Jersey, and possibly farther. ‌“It appears to be the largest such formation yet found in the world,” the scientists said in a statement at the time. It raised big questions: how did it get there? How old is the water? Is it being replenished (补充)? And, importantly: Could coastal aquifers (地下蓄水层) like this provide a new freshwater resource for a thirsty world? The vast reservoir off the US coast is just one of many believed to be hidden under the world’s oceans. A team of international scientists decided to look for answers — that meant drilling directly into the aquifer. They spent three months offshore, probing between around 1,000 to 1,300 feet beneath the sea floor at different locations to pull up sediments (沉淀物) and water samples. They discovered water with salt content well below sea water and around the level at which US and international agencies advise for drinkable water. Another mystery to unravel is the age of the water. It could be 200 years old, it could be 20,000 years old, said Brandon Dugan, a geophysics professor at the Colorado School of Mines and a leader on the expedition. The presence of younger water would suggest the reserve is being replenished; older water would indicate it’s a finite resource that is not recharging. They should have the answers in around six months, Dugan said. The scientists will also run tests to determine the water’s origin — it may have come from a melting glacier or from rain. Knowing the origin will help reveal ‌“how these systems have evolved over time,” Dugan said. Scientists can then apply this understanding to other areas where there is evidence of offshore freshwater aquifers, such as Indonesia, Australia and South Africa. It will also help them figure out how these undersea freshwater resources are changing as global sea level rises, whether they are growing or shrinking. ‌“Answering these questions is important for predicting how we might use the water in the future,” Michael said. There are plenty of practical problems to work through first, however. Water is heavy and bringing it up and transporting it to shore will potentially be very energy intensive and expensive. There’s the question of who will manage, treat and pay for the water, which will be pulled from federal waters before being sent to states and then cities. Then there’s the technical problem of ensuring the freshwater doesn’t get contaminated by the salty water that lies above and below it. “Pumping could also lead to contamination of onshore aquifers if the two systems are connected,” Attias said. “Tapping offshore groundwater will be expensive,” Michael said. “Protecting the fresh water we have on land is still the best thing we can do...Of course, that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t look for alternate options, which is why we are doing this science.‌” Dugan is optimistic about the potential. “All the pieces exist. It’s just a case of time,” he said. He estimates it will take around 10 years before offshore aquifers could be properly tapped. Dugan said. “We can take what we’ve learned in this postage stamp of New England and start thinking about how it relates to other areas.‌” 8．According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE about underwater aquifer? A．Scientists first found freshwater below the Atlantic Ocean in 2019. B．The water originates entirely from melting glaciers. C．The salt content of the water is suitable for drinking. D．The technology to tap the water is now available. 9．What can be inferred from the passage about the age of the water in the aquifer? A．The age will directly determine the water’s market value B．It is a key factor in assessing the sustainability of the resource. C．Older water is preferable because it is purer. D．Scientists have already reached an agreement on the water age. 10．The author discusses the “technical problems” in the last few paragraphs primarily to ________. A．criticize the current inefficiency of water management policies B．explain why protecting on-land freshwater remains the best option C．demonstrate the superiority of this new resource over others D．highlight the obstacles that must be overcome before practical use 11．What is the best title for the passage? A．Prediction about a Vast Undersea Freshwater Discovery B．Unlocking the secrets of Ancient Water Beneath the Atlantic C．The Challenges of Tapping into Undersea Freshwater D．Old Wisdom Saving Modern People from Water Crises 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家在大西洋海域发现大规模地下淡水层，并对其成因、可持续性及开发潜力展开研究，同时指出开发中面临的技术、成本及管理难题。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They spent three months offshore, probing between around 1,000 to 1,300 feet beneath the sea floor at different locations to pull up sediments (沉淀物) and water samples. They discovered water with salt content well below sea water and around the level at which US and international agencies advise for drinkable water.(他们在近海作业三个月，在不同海域的海底约1000至1300英尺深处进行勘探，采集沉积物和水样。他们发现这些水域的盐分远低于海水，且符合美国及国际机构规定的饮用水标准)”可知，科学家发现水下含水层含盐量远低于海水，接近美国和国际机构建议的饮用水标准。故选C项。 9．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The presence of younger water would suggest the reserve is being replenished; older water would indicate it’s a finite resource that is not recharging.(较年轻的水的存在表明储备正在得到补充；较老的水则表明它是一种不可再生的有限资源)”可知，水的年龄是判断其是否可持续利用的关键因素，年轻的水意味着资源可再生，而古老的水则表明资源有限。故选B项。 10．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“There are plenty of practical problems to work through first, however. Water is heavy and bringing it up and transporting it to shore will potentially be very energy intensive and expensive.(不过，首先要解决很多实际问题。水很重，把它打捞上来并运到岸上可能会耗费大量能源和成本)”和倒数第二段“Then there’s the technical problem of ensuring the freshwater doesn’t get contaminated by the salty water that lies above and below it.(然后是技术问题，即确保淡水不被其上下方的咸水污染)”可知，作者讨论“技术问题”是为了强调开发海底淡水前必须克服的实际障碍。故选D项。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“This summer scientists drilled deep below the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of northeastern US and tapped into a huge, mysterious reservoir of freshwater — what they discovered could have big implications for a world struggling with an increasingly severe water crisis.(今年夏天，科学家们在美国东北部海岸外的大西洋深处钻取了一个巨大而神秘的淡水水库，他们的发现可能对正在与日益严重的水危机作斗争的世界产生重大影响)”、倒数第三段中“There are plenty of practical problems to work through first, however.(然而，有很多实际问题需要先解决)”和倒数第二段中“Then there’s the technical problem of ensuring the freshwater doesn’t get contaminated by the salty water that lies above and below it.(然后是技术问题，即确保淡水不被其上下方的咸水污染)”和最后一段中“Dugan is optimistic about the potential. “All the pieces exist. It’s just a case of time,” he said.(Dugan对其潜力持乐观态度。“万事俱备，只欠时机，”他说道)”可知，文章首先介绍了大西洋海域发现大规模地下淡水层，接着分析了开发海底淡水的潜在价值，最后重点讨论了开发过程中面临的技术、成本和管理难题，C项“The Challenges of Tapping into Undersea Freshwater(开发海底淡水的挑战)”概括了文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习英语试题 Butter is Back After decades as a dietary pariah (被遗弃者) , it’s a star ingredient in everything from brown butter pasta to butter cake, and you may have noticed the growing variety at the supermarket. Americans eat an average of 6. 5 pounds per year, up 18 percent over the past decade, according to the International Dairy Foods Association. Why the butter renaissance? For one thing, America’s obsession with fat-free foods has been eclipsed by a growing appetite for minimally processed ingredients. 12 When you want steak browned to perfection, you baste (浇油脂) it in butter. Hollandaise sauce and flaky croissants could not exist without it. And few food combinations are tastier than a salted dollop on crusty bread. Of course, butter is creamy because it’s full of fat, most of which is the saturated kind that’s been linked to a higher risk of heart disease. A study found that people who ate the most butter had a 15 percent higher risk of early death from any cause, while those who consumed the most plant-based oil — such as olive, canola, and soybean oils — had a 16 percent lower risk. 13 “Butter is not a health food we should be seeking out, but not a poison we should be avoiding, either,” says cardiologist Dariush Mozaffarian. It’s all about balance: When your diet doesn’t include much food high in saturated fat, such as red meat and whole-milk dairy products, “eating butter in moderation is fine,” he says. 14 But they’re not necessarily better for you than regular butter and usually can’t match its flavor or effect when cooking or baking. Margarine is typically made from a blend of vegetable oils like soybean or sunflower, but some may contain palm oil, which is high in saturated fat. “Light” butter may blend real butter with canola oil for reduced fat and calories. Whipped butter also has less fat and fewer calories because it has more air. 15 Buttery sprays are low in calories and fat, give grilled food, vegetables, and popcorn quick flavor, and can be used to grease pans. However, these spritzes tend to contain high amounts of artificial ingredients. A．That doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy butter, though. B．For the sake of health, we should try to resist its temptation. C．Both can serve as perfect substitutes for butter. D．For another, nothing flavors all kinds of food like butter can. E．Neither works well for baking, but they can satisfy a bread-and-butter craving. F．If you want to cut back on butter or prefer plant-based foods, there are some alternatives. 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．F 15．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄油在经历了数十年的饮食“被遗弃者”身份后重新流行起来的现象，分析了其复兴的原因，同时探讨了黄油的健康风险，并介绍了黄油的多种替代品及其特点。 12．根据上文“Why the butter renaissance? For one thing, America’s obsession with fat-free foods has been eclipsed by a growing appetite for minimally processed ingredients. (为什么黄油会复兴？首先，美国人对低脂肪食品的痴迷已经被对低加工成分日益增长的需求所掩盖。)”可知空格处需承接上文，继续说明黄油复兴的另一个原因。D 项“For another, nothing flavors all kinds of food like butter can. (另一方面，没有什么能像黄油那样给各种食物调味。)”中“For another”与上文的“For one thing”构成固定搭配 ，且后文列举了黄油在烹饪和食用中的多种用途，与D项中“给各种食物调味” 的内容相呼应。故选D。 13．上文“Of course, butter is creamy because it’s full of fat, most of which is the saturated kind that’s been linked to a higher risk of heart disease. (当然，黄油是奶油状的，因为它富含脂肪，其中大部分是饱和脂肪，而饱和脂肪会增加患心脏病的风险。)”提到黄油富含饱和脂肪，与更高的心脏病风险和早逝风险相关，下文““Butter is not a health food we should be seeking out, but not a poison we should be avoiding, either,” says cardiologist Dariush Mozaffarian. (心脏病专家Dariush Mozaffarian说：“黄油不是我们应该寻求的健康食品，但也不是我们应该避免的毒药。”)”说明空格处需起到转折作用，连接“黄油有健康风险”和“可以适量食用黄油”这两个内容。A项“That doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy butter, though. (不过，这并不意味着你不能享用黄油。)”中的“though”表示转折，既承接了上文的健康风险，又引出了下文“可以适量食用”的观点，符合语境。故选A。 14．下文提到“But they’re not necessarily better for you than regular butter and usually can’t match its flavor or effect when cooking or baking. (但它们不一定比普通黄油更健康，而且在烹饪或烘焙时，味道和效果通常也比不上普通黄油。)”其中“they”指代空格处提到的事物，结合后文出现的“Margarine”“Light butter”“Whipped butter”等可知，这些都是黄油的替代品。F 项“If you want to cut back on butter or prefer plant-based foods, there are some alternatives. (如果你想减少黄油的摄入量，或者更喜欢植物性食物，有一些替代品。)”中“alternatives”与下文的“they”相呼应，且引出了下文对各种替代品的介绍，符合语境。故选F。 15．上文“Margarine is typically made from a blend of vegetable oils like soybean or sunflower, but some may contain palm oil, which is high in saturated fat. “Light” butter may blend real butter with canola oil for reduced fat and calories. Whipped butter also has less fat and fewer calories because it has more air. (人造黄油通常是由豆油或葵花籽油等植物油混合制成的，但有些可能含有棕榈油，棕榈油富含饱和脂肪。“轻质”黄油可以将真正的黄油与菜籽油混合，以减少脂肪和卡路里。搅打黄油含有更少的脂肪和更少的卡路里，因为它含有更多的空气。)”介绍了“轻质黄油”和“搅打黄油”的特点，即脂肪和热量更低，下文“Buttery sprays are low in calories and fat, give grilled food, vegetables, and popcorn quick flavor, and can be used to grease pans. (黄油喷雾的热量和脂肪都很低，可以给烤肉、蔬菜和爆米花快速调味，还可以用来给平底锅上油。)”介绍了“黄油喷雾”的相关信息。E 项“Neither works well for baking, but they can satisfy a bread-and-butter craving. (这两种都不适合烘焙，但可以满足人们对黄油面包的渴望。)”中“Neither”指代上文的“轻质黄油”和“搅打黄油”，既对上文两种黄油替代品的使用场景进行了补充说明，又自然地过渡到下文对另一种替代品“黄油喷雾”的介绍，符合语境。故选E。 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期阶段练习 When my family moved house years ago, I called a junk removal company to throw away our black love seat. In our new place, the old bargain couch had to go. Replacing it was the hard part. For years, I loved a West Elm couch the way you love museum art: respectfully, from a distance. My ideal model was an unaffordable two-piece chaise sectional. This felt as close as I could get. I ordered the black love seat an hour after I settled down. I spent early years living in homes that were never wholly my own. When my kids were little, I left my husband and moved to a basement. There, again, I could make no decisions over my space. Buying a new couch in a space of my own felt monumental. It wasn’t long after we moved in. But the couch, which I’d thought would remain in a constant state of artful arrangement, was in a constant state of chaos. It was not meant for two active teenagers. After six months, the sofa’s middle began to bow. One night, we heard a crack. The split wood scratched my son’s leg and left a mark in the floor. In this couch, I had imagined I would find stability after years of housing challenges. It was evidence that I was a good mother. But staring at the sunken cushion, I noticed the sofa suddenly looked cheap and sad — evidence of a try-hard woman who would never live up to the things she aspired to be. I’d been trying to impose a version of home that didn’t match my real life. The broken couch forced a question: What would it look like to shelve my ambitions of providing a loving home and instead meet my family where we were? The next day I called the junk removal company. Then I ran to the store and came home with a sofa that we have come to affectionately refer to as the big girl. The big girl violates every design principle I once held dear and has swallowed the living room I had so carefully arranged. The fabric does nothing to elevate our living space. At first, it felt a little bit like a trap: I’d admitted defeat and surrendered the life I wanted to a warehouse couch. But with the big girl at home, something has shifted. Our living room now lives up to its name. I’m not worried about hair or whatever mess there is. This couch is not the couch of my dreams. It isn’t an investment piece or a statement about my taste. It’s a tool for living, a purely functional entity. There is liberation in furniture that needs no protection. People don’t ask if they can put their feet up. It’s clear everyone already has. 1．Why did the author buy the black love seat? A．Because she wanted to impress her children with her good taste. B．Because the couch came closest to the ideal couch in her eyes. C．Because she intended to replace a damaged and undesirable couch. D．Because the couch demonstrated financial stability after difficult years. 2．How did the author feel when she decided to throw her first couch (the black love seat)? A．Satisfied with its appeal and comfort. B．Proud of its ability to withstand her children’s activities. C．Frustrated because it fell short of her expectations. D．Angry about its poor quality and impracticality for family life. 3．The author’s decision to buy the second couch (the “big girl”) was primarily driven by ______. A．A change in her aesthetic preferences towards more practical furniture B．A realization that her ambitions for her home weren’t in line with her family’s reality C．The need to replace the broken West Elm sofa immediately D．A desire to create a more formal and elegant living space 4．What does the author mean by saying “There is liberation in furniture that needs no protection”? A．She doesn’t have to worry about damaging expensive furniture. B．She feels freed from the pressure of maintaining a perfect home. C．She finds freedom in the simple design of the new couch. D．She appreciates that the new couch is easy to clean and maintain. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者先后购买两张沙发的经历与心路转变：从追求理想中精致的沙发，到选择贴合家庭实际生活的实用款沙发，最终领悟到生活不必苛求完美，舒适自在才是真谛。   1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“My ideal model was an unaffordable two-piece chaise sectional. This felt as close as I could get. I ordered the black love seat an hour after I settled down.(我理想的款式是一种买不起的两件套式躺椅。这是我能得到的最接近的东西。安顿下来一个小时后，我订购了一张黑色的双人座椅。)”可知，作者购买这张黑色双人沙发是因为它最接近她心目中的理想沙发。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But the couch, which I’d thought would remain in a constant state of artful arrangement, was in a constant state of chaos.(但这张我本以为会一直保持精致整洁状态的沙发，却始终一片狼藉。)”以及第5段中“But staring at the sunken cushion, I noticed the sofa suddenly looked cheap and sad — evidence of a try-hard woman who would never live up to the things she aspired to be.(但看着凹陷的坐垫，我发现这张沙发突然显得廉价又寒酸——这成了我这个努力却始终达不到自己期望的女人的写照。)”可知，作者决定扔掉第一张沙发时，内心因它没能达到自己的期望而感到沮丧。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中“I’d been trying to impose a version of home that didn’t match my real life. The broken couch forced a question: What would it look like to shelve my ambitions of providing a loving home and instead meet my family where we were?(我一直在试图强加一个与我的现实生活不匹配的家的版本。破损的沙发迫使我去思考：如果搁置我提供一个充满爱的家的抱负，而是接受我们家庭的现状，会是什么样子？)”可知，作者购买第二张沙发的主要原因是意识到自己对家的理想追求与家庭的现实生活并不相符。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“I’m not worried about hair or whatever mess there is.(我不再担心毛发或任何其他乱七八糟的东西。)”和最后一段中“This couch is not the couch of my dreams. It isn’t an investment piece or a statement about my taste. It’s a tool for living, a purely functional entity.(这张沙发并非我梦想中的沙发。它既非值得投资的物件，也非彰显品味的宣言。它只是一件生活工具，一个纯粹功能性的存在。)”以及“People don’t ask if they can put their feet up. It’s clear everyone already has.(人们不会问他们能不能把脚翘起来。很明显，每个人都已经这么做了。)”可知，新沙发不需要精心维护，家人可以随意使用。这种“无需保护”的特性让她从必须保持家具和家居环境完美的心理压力中解脱出来，感受到了自由。故选B。 B 【来源】上海市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月春考适应性调研卷英语试题 Below is a Decision Map designed to help students choose the type of volunteer work that suits them best. Follow the path by choosing “Agree” or “Disagree” at each step, and you will be led to a cause that matches your values and strengths. 5．Causes I to III are missing in the map: a. Hands-on Repair Projects b. Long-term Youth Support c. Outdoor Community Service Which of the following is the right order for the blanks I to III? A．b-c-a B．a-b-c C．a-c-b D．c-a-b 6．According to the map, a person who chooses Teaching & Mentoring tends to ________. A．have a flexible schedule B．give others emotional guidance C．prefer outdoor activities D．get involved in short-term tasks 7．Who is most likely to benefit directly from using this Decision Map? A．Organizations hoping to recruit volunteers for specialized long-term positions. B．School administrators deciding how to distribute students across different programs. C．Researchers examining patterns in youth participation in community work. D．Volunteers who need guidance on matching their personal tendencies with service roles. 【答案】5．C 6．C 7．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍一款志愿工作决策图，学生可通过选择“同意/不同意”，找到适配自身价值观与优势的志愿项目。 5．推理判断题。根据Ⅰ的上一步“I enjoy hands-on, practical tasks more than planning or organizing activities.(比起规划或组织活动，我更喜欢亲力亲为的实践性工作)”可知，如果点击“Agree”就表示同意从事实践性强的任务，接下来可能会显示“Hands-on Repair Projects”；根据Ⅱ的上一步“I value helping young people grow long-term skills over meeting short-term needs.(比起满足短期需求，我更重视培养年轻人的长期技能)”可知，如果点击“Disagree”就表示不愿意从事长期任务的任务，接下来可能会显示“Outdoor Community Service”，因为户外社区服务时间相对较短；根据Ⅲ的上一步“I enjoy tasks that requires regular communication and patient listening.(我喜欢需要定期沟通和耐心倾听的工作)”可知，如果点击“Agree”则表示想要从事需要定期沟通和倾听的任务，接下来可能会显示“Long-term Youth Support”。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据Teaching & Mentoring的上一步“I feel comfortable supporting individuals who need steady emotional guidance.(我乐于为需要稳定情感指导的人提供支持)”可知，不愿意从事这类任务的人会选择Teaching & Mentoring。由此推测，选择Teaching & Mentoring的人性格比较外向，喜欢户外活动。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第一段“Below is a Decision Map designed to help students choose the type of volunteer work that suits them best. Follow the path by choosing “Agree” or “Disagree” at each step, and you will be led to a cause that matches your values and strengths.(以下是一份决策流程图，旨在帮助学生选择最适合自己的志愿工作类型。通过在每个步骤选择“同意”或“不同意”沿流程推进，你将找到符合自身价值观与优势的公益事业方向)”推测，需要指导以匹配个人特质与服务岗位的志愿者最有可能从该地图获益。故选D。 C 【来源】上海市行知中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need to “speed up breakthroughs in research and technology.” Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency, some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in various conversations, it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster. The WEF mindset is similar to the Silicon Valley dictate — to move fast and break things. But what if the thing being broken is science? Or public trust? In recent years we’ve seen important papers, written by outstanding scientists and published in celebrated journals, retracted because of questionable data or methods, hence a question: Are scholars at supercompetitive places such as Harvard and Stanford rushing to publish rather than taking the time to do their work right? It’s impossible to answer this question scientifically because there’s no scientific definition of what constitutes “rushing.” But there’s little doubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under tremendous pressure to produce results — and a lot of them — quickly. The problem is not unique to the U. S. In Europe, formal research assessments — which are used to allocate (分配) future funding — have for years judged academic departments largely on the quantity of their output. A recent reform urging an emphasis on quality over quantity allowed that the existing system had created “counterincentives.” Good science takes time. More than 50 years passed between the 1543 publication of Copernicus’s On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. And it took just about half a century for geologists and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental drift. There’s plenty of evidence that scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Consider the sheer volume of academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at more than seven million a year, compared with fewer than a million as recently as 1980. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down if we are to produce knowledge worthy of trust. 8．WEF meeting in Switzerland advocated that ________. A．WEF and Silicon Valley reach an agreement to move fast B．public trust in science is not supposed to be easily broken C．researchers need to achieve breakthroughs more rapidly D．climate emergency and AI push scientific research hard 9．Which of the following examples fails to prove that good science takes time? A．High-profile scholars’ tremendous output. B．Publication of Copernicus’s theory. C．Retraction of important papers. D．Acceptance of the idea of continental drift. 10．The underlined word “counterincentives” in para. 5 probably means ________. A．measures to increase quantities of output B．contradictory motives for future funding C．rewards for leading universities’ research D．discouragements of high quality papers 11．Which of the following is best title of the passage? A．WEF Coincides with Silicon Valley B．Trouble in the Fast Lane C．Choice between Quantity and Quality D．Collapse of Public Trust 【答案】8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文反思了全球追求科研“加速突破”的趋势，指出过分追求发表数量和速度导致了撤稿增多、质量下降。作者呼吁科学界应慢下来，重视质量以重建公信力。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need to “speed up breakthroughs in research and technology.”(今年在瑞士举行的世界经济论坛（WEF）会议所探讨的一个主题是，人们普遍认为有必要“加快在研究与技术方面的突破性进展”)”可知，在瑞士举行的世界经济论坛会议主张研究人员需要更快地取得突破。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s impossible to answer this question scientifically because there’s no scientific definition of what constitutes “rushing.” But there’s little doubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under tremendous pressure to produce results — and a lot of them — quickly.(要从科学的角度来回答这个问题是不可能的，因为对于“匆忙”这一概念并没有一个科学的定义。但毫无疑问，我们生活在一个这样的社会中：顶尖大学的学者们承受着巨大的压力，必须迅速地取得成果——而且是大量的成果)”可知，A选项“知名学者的巨大成果”只能解释成果巨大，并不能解释良好的科学需要时间。故选A。 10．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The problem is not unique to the U. S. In Europe, formal research assessments — which are used to allocate (分配) future funding — have for years judged academic departments largely on the quantity of their output. A recent reform urging an emphasis on quality over quantity allowed that the existing system had created “counterincentives.”(这个问题并非美国所独有。在欧洲，用于分配未来资金的正式研究评估机制多年来一直主要依据学术部门的研究成果数量来对其进行评判。最近的一项改革强调质量而非数量的重要性，但这一改革也发现现有的评估体系产生了“counterincentives”)”可知，既然旧体系重数量轻质量，那么它对“高质量论文”来说就是一种阻碍或反向激励。故划线词意思是“高质量论文的发表受阻”。故选D。 11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“There’s plenty of circumstantial evidence that scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Consider the sheer volume of academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at more than seven million a year, compared with fewer than a million as recently as 1980. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down if we are to produce knowledge worthy of trust.(有大量的间接证据表明，科学家和其他学者推出结果的速度比过去快得多。想想最近发表的学术论文的数量吧。最近的一项研究显示，这一数字每年超过700万，而就在1980年，这一数字还不到100万。这一增长部分是由更多的科学家和更多的论文合著者推动的，但这些数字也表明，研究界更看重数量而不是质量。如果我们要产生值得信任的知识，研究人员可能需要放慢速度)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学研究被期望快速进展的困境，并指出这种快节奏的研究可能会带来的问题。所以短文的标题为“快车道上的问题”。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Who should get the billions from sunken treasure? On Sept. 30, a team working for the Florida-based treasure-hunting company 1715 Fleet Queens Jewels, which has the exclusive rights to search the area and has been combing it for decades, announced that it had recovered more than 1,000 discolored silver coins from the fleet’s wreckage (残骸), as well as several gold coins that shone as brightly as the day they were made. 16 Should such a treasure be for sale? Florida says yes, allowing treasure hunters to profit from the spoils of history as long as they give the state 20 percent of the finds and stick to its relatively loose archaeological (考古学的) guidelines. Most archaeologists, however, say no. 17 Allowing the commercialization of historical handicrafts, they argue, robs scholars of the chance to study them and the rest of us of the chance to see them — and encourages looting. 18 The latter depend on the former to establish the context and origin that makes findings valuable to collectors. Archaeologists, meanwhile, often lack the funding to explore shipwrecks themselves. If it weren’t for the adventurism of treasure hunters, many of the most important wrecks of the Caribbean would not have been found. In 2001, in an effort to keep underwater treasure hunters at bay, UNESCO released its Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. 19 Spain, unsurprisingly, approved the convention. Among those countries that did not are two whose territorial waters are known to contain untold amounts of lost Spanish treasure: the United States and Colombia. The depths of the ocean are still largely uncharted, and UNESCO estimates that more than 3 million shipwrecks remain undiscovered. As marine robotics allow explorers to go deeper and cover ever more ground, conflicts will continue to arise. History-minded governments should find ways to ease the concerns of archaeologists while rewarding the romantic nerve of treasure hunters and wreck seekers without whom there would be nothing to discuss. A．Yet archaeologists and treasure hunters share an uneasy coexistence. B．As even the infamously unprincipled Indiana Jones would say, “It belongs in a museum.” C．Highlighting the principle of “finders keepers”, this framework has been observed by many nations. D．This financial dynamic fundamentally shapes the interaction between archaeologists and treasure hunters. E．The coins will be catalogued before being distributed, with many probably being sold into private collections. F．The document specifies that the wrecks of war ships remain the property of the countries whose flag they flew. 【答案】16．E 17．B 18．A 19．F 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了沉船宝藏的归属与商业化争议，探讨了寻宝者、考古学家的不同立场及联合国相关公约的实施情况，呼吁政府平衡各方利益。 16．上文“On Sept. 30, a team working for the Florida-based treasure-hunting company 1715 Fleet Queens Jewels, which has the exclusive rights to search the area and has been combing it for decades, announced that it had recovered more than 1,000 discolored silver coins from the fleet’s wreckage (残骸) , as well as several gold coins that shone as brightly as the day they were made. ( 9月30日，佛罗里达州寻宝公司“1715 舰队女王珠宝”的一支团队宣布，他们从该舰队的残骸中打捞起1000多枚已变色的银币，以及数枚光亮如新的金币。该公司拥有该区域的独家搜索权，数十年来一直在此地搜寻。)”提到寻宝团队从沉船残骸中打捞到1000多枚变色银币和数枚仍光亮如新的金币。选项E“The coins will be catalogued before being distributed, with many probably being sold into private collections. (这些硬币将先被分类编目，随后进行分配，其中许多可能会被卖给私人收藏家。)”既符合打捞后处理文物的逻辑顺序，又为后文埋下伏笔，衔接自然。故选E。 17．上文“Should such a treasure be for sale? Florida says yes, allowing treasure hunters to profit from the spoils of history as long as they give the state 20 percent of the finds and stick to its relatively loose archaeological (考古学的) guidelines. Most archaeologists, however, say no. (这样的宝藏应该出售吗？佛罗里达州给出了肯定答案：只要寻宝者向该州上缴20%的发现物，并遵守其相对宽松的考古准则，就可以从这些历史遗物中获利。然而，大多数考古学家对此持反对态度。)”明确“佛罗里达州允许寻宝者获利”与“大多数考古学家反对”的对立观点。选项B“As even the infamously unprincipled Indiana Jones would say, “It belongs in a museum.” (即便是臭名昭著、毫无原则的Indiana Jones也会说：“它属于博物馆。”)”延续上文内容，通过经典影视角色的台词，生动且有力地表达了文物应公开展示供研究和观赏的态度。故选B。 18．下文“The latter depend on the former to establish the context and origin that makes findings valuable to collectors. Archaeologists, meanwhile, often lack the funding to explore shipwrecks themselves. If it weren’t for the adventurism of treasure hunters, many of the most important wreck s of the Caribbean would not have been found. (后者依赖前者确定文物的背景和来源，而这正是让发现物对收藏家具有价值的关键。与此同时，考古学家自身往往缺乏探索沉船的资金。如果不是因为寻宝者的冒险精神，加勒比地区许多最重要的沉船残骸可能永远不会被发现。)”提到后者（寻宝者）依赖前者（考古学家）确定文物的背景和来源以提升其收藏价值，而考古学家往往缺乏资金探索沉船，核心是说明考古学家与寻宝者之间相互依赖但又存在矛盾的关系。选项A“Yet archaeologists and treasure hunters share an uneasy coexistence. (然而，考古学家和寻宝者之间存在着一种微妙的共存关系。)”以“Yet”转折承接前文的对立观点，引出后文对共存关系的具体解释，起到承上启下的作用。故选A。 19．上文“In 2001, in an effort to keep underwater treasure hunters at bay, UNESCO released its Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. (2001年，为了遏制水下寻宝者的行为，联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）发布了《保护水下文化遗产公约》。)”提到联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）在2001年发布了《保护水下文化遗产公约》。选项F“The document specifies that the wrecks of war ships remain the property of the countries whose flag they flew. (该文件明确规定，战舰残骸仍归其悬挂国旗所属的国家所有。)”中的“the document”对应前文的 “Convention”，“specifies”（明确规定）符合公约类文件的表述逻辑。故选F。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型综训06：阅读理解、六选四组合练（I） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE; I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself. Then one day, I was trying to prepare the soil, and I honestly wasn’t enjoying my time of peace and loneliness. My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping. Working as a team, we had the pea patch dug up and fertilized in no time at all. I thanked Josiah, realizing that l had enjoyed his company. The same thing happened with picking up rocks and planting the seeds —one or two of the children would appear to watch and then participate. Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster. So I stopped resenting their company and instead I began to share my gardening secrets. As spring became summer and the real work began, I expected the children to disappear, but no, there they were, watering, pulling weeds and checking for insects. One day I slipped out by myself to the garden, feeling a little bit guilty. I had a suspicion that the sugar snap peas were ripe, and I wanted a taste. As I walked along the row, a little voice piped up behind me. “What are you eating, Mama?” Abby’s big blue eyes sparkled as I showed her how to pull the strings off and pop (剥出) the peas into her mouth. She just loved how tasty they were. Then my sweet seven-year-old girl put me to shame. “Mama, I’ve got to pick a bunch. Won’t the others love them? I can’t wait to share.” I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I’ll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.” 1．Why did the writer ask her children to do chores whenever they were in the garden? A．She didn’t want to do all the work on her own. B．She intended to show the hard labor of gardening. C．She didn’t want them to get hurt or get too tired. D．She was determined to keep the garden to herself. 2．What were the children like? ① loud ② lively ③ guilty ④ loving ⑤ strong A．①②③④ B．①②④ C．①②③ D．④⑤ 3．The underlined word “resent” probably means________. A．dislike B．expect C．keep D．sacrifice 4．What did the writer try to tell the readers with this story? A．The best way to communicate with children is by working together. B．The golden rule of gardening is that many hands make light work. C．Everything feels better when shared with your family or your friend. D．Parents should spend as much time with their children as possible. B 【来源】上海市闵行区七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 Why Do We Do Things That Are Bad for Us? Ancient Puzzle More than two thousand years ago, Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle debated a question that still feels modern: Why do people act against what they believe is best? They called this phenomenon akrasia — a failure of self-control in the face of temptation. While Socrates argued that truly knowing the good would make wrongdoing impossible, Aristotle observed that human desire often weakens our judgment, turning clear thinking into hesitation and regret. Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire Modern research continues that dialogue. Richard Holton, a philosopher at Cambridge University, notes that we often choose what we don’t consider best: “It may feel idealistic,” he said, “but we constantly decide to do things we judge to be unwise.” ●Psychologists describe akrasia as a conflict between our intentions and our actions. ●Economists go further: revealed-preference theory suggests that behavior itself — what we actually do — reveals our true values more clearly than our words. The Pull of the Present According to psychologist George Ainslie, people naturally overvalue short-term rewards and undervalue long-term ones, a process known as hyperbolic discounting. That is why________.      Survey Insight: 73% of adults admit that their daily choices often conflict with their long-term goals. The Power of Environment Philosopher and researcher Kalis argues that our surroundings — not just our willpower — shape self-control. Adjusting one's environment may help resist temptation more effectively than simply “trying harder.” Leaving the phone outside the bedroom or scheduling exercise with a friend are examples of commitment devices — practical ways to prevent sudden shifts in behavior. Turning Desire into Action Studies show that goals are achieved more often when we set a specific plan rather than vague intentions. Psychologist Peter Gollwitzer calls this an implementation intention: “If I finish my work, then I’ll watch one episode” This method helps translate intention into behavior, reducing the mental space for excuses. Still, two conflicting intentions cannot coexist for long; one will eventually guide our action. 5．What does the term akrasia mainly refer to? A．moment of hesitation before making a moral choice. B．A sudden change caused by strong emotional pressure. C．loss of the ability to judge right from wrong. D．A conflict between what we intend and what we actually do. 6．Which of the following best fits the blank numbered “__________”? A．we reward ourselves with a short break after finishing our homework on time B．we carefully make a long-term study plan and follow it without any hesitation C．we choose to watch one more episode even when we have an essay to complete D．we turn off our phones to avoid any potential distraction while studying for exams 7．What can be inferred from the ideas discussed in the passage? A．Long-term goals seldom change with emotion. B．Self-control comes mainly from talent, not planning. C．True values are reflected more in choices than in claims. D．Philosophers once thought knowledge guaranteed virtue. C 【来源】上海市南汇中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月阶段练习英语试题 This summer scientists drilled deep below the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of northeastern US and tapped into a huge, mysterious reservoir of freshwater — what they discovered could have big implications for a world struggling with an increasingly severe water crisis. The existence of freshwater beneath the Atlantic has been known for decades, but it had remained virtually unexplored. Then, in 2019, scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Columbia University announced a ‌“surprising discovery.” Using electromagnetic waves, they had mapped a gigantic swath of fresh water below the ocean, stretching along the shore from Massachusetts to New Jersey, and possibly farther. ‌“It appears to be the largest such formation yet found in the world,” the scientists said in a statement at the time. It raised big questions: how did it get there? How old is the water? Is it being replenished (补充)? And, importantly: Could coastal aquifers (地下蓄水层) like this provide a new freshwater resource for a thirsty world? The vast reservoir off the US coast is just one of many believed to be hidden under the world’s oceans. A team of international scientists decided to look for answers — that meant drilling directly into the aquifer. They spent three months offshore, probing between around 1,000 to 1,300 feet beneath the sea floor at different locations to pull up sediments (沉淀物) and water samples. They discovered water with salt content well below sea water and around the level at which US and international agencies advise for drinkable water. Another mystery to unravel is the age of the water. It could be 200 years old, it could be 20,000 years old, said Brandon Dugan, a geophysics professor at the Colorado School of Mines and a leader on the expedition. The presence of younger water would suggest the reserve is being replenished; older water would indicate it’s a finite resource that is not recharging. They should have the answers in around six months, Dugan said. The scientists will also run tests to determine the water’s origin — it may have come from a melting glacier or from rain. Knowing the origin will help reveal ‌“how these systems have evolved over time,” Dugan said. Scientists can then apply this understanding to other areas where there is evidence of offshore freshwater aquifers, such as Indonesia, Australia and South Africa. It will also help them figure out how these undersea freshwater resources are changing as global sea level rises, whether they are growing or shrinking. ‌“Answering these questions is important for predicting how we might use the water in the future,” Michael said. There are plenty of practical problems to work through first, however. Water is heavy and bringing it up and transporting it to shore will potentially be very energy intensive and expensive. There’s the question of who will manage, treat and pay for the water, which will be pulled from federal waters before being sent to states and then cities. Then there’s the technical problem of ensuring the freshwater doesn’t get contaminated by the salty water that lies above and below it. “Pumping could also lead to contamination of onshore aquifers if the two systems are connected,” Attias said. “Tapping offshore groundwater will be expensive,” Michael said. “Protecting the fresh water we have on land is still the best thing we can do...Of course, that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t look for alternate options, which is why we are doing this science.‌” Dugan is optimistic about the potential. “All the pieces exist. It’s just a case of time,” he said. He estimates it will take around 10 years before offshore aquifers could be properly tapped. Dugan said. “We can take what we’ve learned in this postage stamp of New England and start thinking about how it relates to other areas.‌” 8．According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE about underwater aquifer? A．Scientists first found freshwater below the Atlantic Ocean in 2019. B．The water originates entirely from melting glaciers. C．The salt content of the water is suitable for drinking. D．The technology to tap the water is now available. 9．What can be inferred from the passage about the age of the water in the aquifer? A．The age will directly determine the water’s market value B．It is a key factor in assessing the sustainability of the resource. C．Older water is preferable because it is purer. D．Scientists have already reached an agreement on the water age. 10．The author discusses the “technical problems” in the last few paragraphs primarily to ________. A．criticize the current inefficiency of water management policies B．explain why protecting on-land freshwater remains the best option C．demonstrate the superiority of this new resource over others D．highlight the obstacles that must be overcome before practical use 11．What is the best title for the passage? A．Prediction about a Vast Undersea Freshwater Discovery B．Unlocking the secrets of Ancient Water Beneath the Atlantic C．The Challenges of Tapping into Undersea Freshwater D．Old Wisdom Saving Modern People from Water Crises Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习英语试题 Butter is Back After decades as a dietary pariah (被遗弃者) , it’s a star ingredient in everything from brown butter pasta to butter cake, and you may have noticed the growing variety at the supermarket. Americans eat an average of 6. 5 pounds per year, up 18 percent over the past decade, according to the International Dairy Foods Association. Why the butter renaissance? For one thing, America’s obsession with fat-free foods has been eclipsed by a growing appetite for minimally processed ingredients. 12 When you want steak browned to perfection, you baste (浇油脂) it in butter. Hollandaise sauce and flaky croissants could not exist without it. And few food combinations are tastier than a salted dollop on crusty bread. Of course, butter is creamy because it’s full of fat, most of which is the saturated kind that’s been linked to a higher risk of heart disease. A study found that people who ate the most butter had a 15 percent higher risk of early death from any cause, while those who consumed the most plant-based oil — such as olive, canola, and soybean oils — had a 16 percent lower risk. 13 “Butter is not a health food we should be seeking out, but not a poison we should be avoiding, either,” says cardiologist Dariush Mozaffarian. It’s all about balance: When your diet doesn’t include much food high in saturated fat, such as red meat and whole-milk dairy products, “eating butter in moderation is fine,” he says. 14 But they’re not necessarily better for you than regular butter and usually can’t match its flavor or effect when cooking or baking. Margarine is typically made from a blend of vegetable oils like soybean or sunflower, but some may contain palm oil, which is high in saturated fat. “Light” butter may blend real butter with canola oil for reduced fat and calories. Whipped butter also has less fat and fewer calories because it has more air. 15 Buttery sprays are low in calories and fat, give grilled food, vegetables, and popcorn quick flavor, and can be used to grease pans. However, these spritzes tend to contain high amounts of artificial ingredients. A．That doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy butter, though. B．For the sake of health, we should try to resist its temptation. C．Both can serve as perfect substitutes for butter. D．For another, nothing flavors all kinds of food like butter can. E．Neither works well for baking, but they can satisfy a bread-and-butter craving. F．If you want to cut back on butter or prefer plant-based foods, there are some alternatives. 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期阶段练习 When my family moved house years ago, I called a junk removal company to throw away our black love seat. In our new place, the old bargain couch had to go. Replacing it was the hard part. For years, I loved a West Elm couch the way you love museum art: respectfully, from a distance. My ideal model was an unaffordable two-piece chaise sectional. This felt as close as I could get. I ordered the black love seat an hour after I settled down. I spent early years living in homes that were never wholly my own. When my kids were little, I left my husband and moved to a basement. There, again, I could make no decisions over my space. Buying a new couch in a space of my own felt monumental. It wasn’t long after we moved in. But the couch, which I’d thought would remain in a constant state of artful arrangement, was in a constant state of chaos. It was not meant for two active teenagers. After six months, the sofa’s middle began to bow. One night, we heard a crack. The split wood scratched my son’s leg and left a mark in the floor. In this couch, I had imagined I would find stability after years of housing challenges. It was evidence that I was a good mother. But staring at the sunken cushion, I noticed the sofa suddenly looked cheap and sad — evidence of a try-hard woman who would never live up to the things she aspired to be. I’d been trying to impose a version of home that didn’t match my real life. The broken couch forced a question: What would it look like to shelve my ambitions of providing a loving home and instead meet my family where we were? The next day I called the junk removal company. Then I ran to the store and came home with a sofa that we have come to affectionately refer to as the big girl. The big girl violates every design principle I once held dear and has swallowed the living room I had so carefully arranged. The fabric does nothing to elevate our living space. At first, it felt a little bit like a trap: I’d admitted defeat and surrendered the life I wanted to a warehouse couch. But with the big girl at home, something has shifted. Our living room now lives up to its name. I’m not worried about hair or whatever mess there is. This couch is not the couch of my dreams. It isn’t an investment piece or a statement about my taste. It’s a tool for living, a purely functional entity. There is liberation in furniture that needs no protection. People don’t ask if they can put their feet up. It’s clear everyone already has. 1．Why did the author buy the black love seat? A．Because she wanted to impress her children with her good taste. B．Because the couch came closest to the ideal couch in her eyes. C．Because she intended to replace a damaged and undesirable couch. D．Because the couch demonstrated financial stability after difficult years. 2．How did the author feel when she decided to throw her first couch (the black love seat)? A．Satisfied with its appeal and comfort. B．Proud of its ability to withstand her children’s activities. C．Frustrated because it fell short of her expectations. D．Angry about its poor quality and impracticality for family life. 3．The author’s decision to buy the second couch (the “big girl”) was primarily driven by ______. A．A change in her aesthetic preferences towards more practical furniture B．A realization that her ambitions for her home weren’t in line with her family’s reality C．The need to replace the broken West Elm sofa immediately D．A desire to create a more formal and elegant living space 4．What does the author mean by saying “There is liberation in furniture that needs no protection”? A．She doesn’t have to worry about damaging expensive furniture. B．She feels freed from the pressure of maintaining a perfect home. C．She finds freedom in the simple design of the new couch. D．She appreciates that the new couch is easy to clean and maintain. B 【来源】上海市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月春考适应性调研卷英语试题 Below is a Decision Map designed to help students choose the type of volunteer work that suits them best. Follow the path by choosing “Agree” or “Disagree” at each step, and you will be led to a cause that matches your values and strengths. 5．Causes I to III are missing in the map: a. Hands-on Repair Projects b. Long-term Youth Support c. Outdoor Community Service Which of the following is the right order for the blanks I to III? A．b-c-a B．a-b-c C．a-c-b D．c-a-b 6．According to the map, a person who chooses Teaching & Mentoring tends to ________. A．have a flexible schedule B．give others emotional guidance C．prefer outdoor activities D．get involved in short-term tasks 7．Who is most likely to benefit directly from using this Decision Map? A．Organizations hoping to recruit volunteers for specialized long-term positions. B．School administrators deciding how to distribute students across different programs. C．Researchers examining patterns in youth participation in community work. D．Volunteers who need guidance on matching their personal tendencies with service roles. C 【来源】上海市行知中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need to “speed up breakthroughs in research and technology.” Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency, some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in various conversations, it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster. The WEF mindset is similar to the Silicon Valley dictate — to move fast and break things. But what if the thing being broken is science? Or public trust? In recent years we’ve seen important papers, written by outstanding scientists and published in celebrated journals, retracted because of questionable data or methods, hence a question: Are scholars at supercompetitive places such as Harvard and Stanford rushing to publish rather than taking the time to do their work right? It’s impossible to answer this question scientifically because there’s no scientific definition of what constitutes “rushing.” But there’s little doubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under tremendous pressure to produce results — and a lot of them — quickly. The problem is not unique to the U. S. In Europe, formal research assessments — which are used to allocate (分配) future funding — have for years judged academic departments largely on the quantity of their output. A recent reform urging an emphasis on quality over quantity allowed that the existing system had created “counterincentives.” Good science takes time. More than 50 years passed between the 1543 publication of Copernicus’s On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. And it took just about half a century for geologists and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental drift. There’s plenty of evidence that scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Consider the sheer volume of academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at more than seven million a year, compared with fewer than a million as recently as 1980. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down if we are to produce knowledge worthy of trust. 8．WEF meeting in Switzerland advocated that ________. A．WEF and Silicon Valley reach an agreement to move fast B．public trust in science is not supposed to be easily broken C．researchers need to achieve breakthroughs more rapidly D．climate emergency and AI push scientific research hard 9．Which of the following examples fails to prove that good science takes time? A．High-profile scholars’ tremendous output. B．Publication of Copernicus’s theory. C．Retraction of important papers. D．Acceptance of the idea of continental drift. 10．The underlined word “counterincentives” in para. 5 probably means ________. A．measures to increase quantities of output B．contradictory motives for future funding C．rewards for leading universities’ research D．discouragements of high quality papers 11．Which of the following is best title of the passage? A．WEF Coincides with Silicon Valley B．Trouble in the Fast Lane C．Choice between Quantity and Quality D．Collapse of Public Trust Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Who should get the billions from sunken treasure? On Sept. 30, a team working for the Florida-based treasure-hunting company 1715 Fleet Queens Jewels, which has the exclusive rights to search the area and has been combing it for decades, announced that it had recovered more than 1,000 discolored silver coins from the fleet’s wreckage (残骸), as well as several gold coins that shone as brightly as the day they were made. 16 Should such a treasure be for sale? Florida says yes, allowing treasure hunters to profit from the spoils of history as long as they give the state 20 percent of the finds and stick to its relatively loose archaeological (考古学的) guidelines. Most archaeologists, however, say no. 17 Allowing the commercialization of historical handicrafts, they argue, robs scholars of the chance to study them and the rest of us of the chance to see them — and encourages looting. 18 The latter depend on the former to establish the context and origin that makes findings valuable to collectors. Archaeologists, meanwhile, often lack the funding to explore shipwrecks themselves. If it weren’t for the adventurism of treasure hunters, many of the most important wrecks of the Caribbean would not have been found. In 2001, in an effort to keep underwater treasure hunters at bay, UNESCO released its Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. 19 Spain, unsurprisingly, approved the convention. Among those countries that did not are two whose territorial waters are known to contain untold amounts of lost Spanish treasure: the United States and Colombia. The depths of the ocean are still largely uncharted, and UNESCO estimates that more than 3 million shipwrecks remain undiscovered. As marine robotics allow explorers to go deeper and cover ever more ground, conflicts will continue to arise. History-minded governments should find ways to ease the concerns of archaeologists while rewarding the romantic nerve of treasure hunters and wreck seekers without whom there would be nothing to discuss. A．Yet archaeologists and treasure hunters share an uneasy coexistence. B．As even the infamously unprincipled Indiana Jones would say, “It belongs in a museum.” C．Highlighting the principle of “finders keepers”, this framework has been observed by many nations. D．This financial dynamic fundamentally shapes the interaction between archaeologists and treasure hunters. E．The coins will be catalogued before being distributed, with many probably being sold into private collections. F．The document specifies that the wrecks of war ships remain the property of the countries whose flag they flew. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $