Unit7语法：How many_How much辨析+量词讲义 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版七年级英语下册

仁爱英语七下Unit7语法 How many/How much辨析+量词 一、语法核心详解 本单元核心语法围绕可数/不可数名词的数量提问和量词搭配展开，核心考点是How many/How much的区分使用、量词的固定结构。 （一）先明确：可数名词&不可数名词（基础前提） 1. 可数名词：可以数出个数的名词，有单数/复数两种形式 单数：a pen, an apple, a book 复数：pens, apples, books（多数直接加s ） 2. 不可数名词：无法数出具体个数的名词，只有单数形式，不能直接加s 食物类：rice, bread, milk, juice, water, meat 其他：paper, money, time（本单元高频） 必记：不可数名词不能直接用数字修饰，比如不能说“two milk”，必须搭配量词！ （二）量词的用法 量词是连接数字和不可数名词的“桥梁”，也可用于可数名词（成对/成套/成份），核心结构：数词/冠词 + 量词 + of + 名词 1. 基础规则 量词有单复数：数字为1时，量词用单数（a bottle of）；数字≥2时，量词用复数（two bottles of） 名词性质不影响量词变化：不管后面是可数还是不可数名词，量词只看前面数字 2. 教材高频量词搭配（分类型，易记易考） 量词 适用类型 单数例句 复数例句 a piece of 不可数（paper, bread, meat；纸、面包、肉） a piece of paper（一张纸） three pieces of bread（三片面包） a bottle of 液体不可数（juice, water, milk；果汁、水、牛奶） a bottle of juice（一瓶果汁） five bottles of water（五瓶水） a glass of 杯装液体（water, milk, coke；水、牛奶、可乐） a glass of milk（一杯牛奶） two glasses of coke（两杯可乐） a bowl of 主食/汤类（rice, noodles, soup；米饭、面条、汤） a bowl of rice（一碗米饭） four bowls of soup（四碗汤） a kilo of 可数/不可数（bananas, rice, meat；香蕉、米、肉） a kilo of bananas（一公斤香蕉） six kilos of rice（六公斤大米） a packet of 袋装物品（salt, sugar, candy；盐、糖、糖果） a packet of salt（一包盐） two packets of candy（两包糖果） a pair of 成对可数（shoes, socks, trousers；鞋、袜子、裤子） a pair of shoes（一双鞋） seven pairs of socks（七双袜子） 3. 易错提醒 易错点1：a pair of 后接的可数名词永远用复数，如a pair of trousers（一条裤子，裤子是成对的） 易错点2：量词复数只变量词，of后的名词不变（不可数名词本身无复数，可数名词保持原有形式） （三）How many / How much 辨析 二者均用于提问数量，且How much有拓展考点：提问价格 辨析维度 How many How much 提问对象 可数名词复数 1 不可数名词（数量 ） ② 价格 句式结构 How many + 可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句？ 1 How much + 不可数名词 + 一般疑问句？ ② How much + be动词 + 名词？（问价格） 回答方式 直接用“数字 + 可数名词复数”，或“数字 + 量词 + of + 可数名词” 1 数量回答：数字 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词 ② 价格回答：直接说数字+单位（如10 yuan） 教材例句 —How many pens do you have? —I have three. 1 问数量：—How much milk do you need? —One bottle. ② 问价格：—How much is the pen? —It’s 5 yuan. 关键词提示 看到名词是复数（pens, apples, bottles）就用 看到不可数名词（milk, rice, bread）或问“多少钱”就用 4. 高频拓展：How much问价格的两种句式（单/复数名词） 单数/不可数名词：How much + is + 单数/不可数名词？ 例：How much is a kilo of meat?（一公斤肉多少钱？） 复数名词（尤其是成对/成套）：How much + are + 可数名词复数？ 例：How much are these shoes?（这双鞋多少钱？） ✅ 解题技巧：问价格时，不用看名词可数/不可数，只看be动词的单复数（跟后面名词保持一致）！ （四）综合句式：数量提问+回答的完整结构 1. —How many bowls of noodles do you want?（你想要几碗面？） —I want two bowls of noodles.（我想要两碗面。） （解析：noodles是可数复数，用How many，量词bowl随数字变复数） 2. —How much bread do you have?（你有多少面包？） —I have four pieces of bread.（我有四片面包。） （解析：bread是不可数名词，用How much，必须搭配量词piece） 3. —How much is this pair of socks?（这双袜子多少钱？） —It’s 10 yuan.（十元。） （解析：问价格，this pair of socks是单数概念，be动词用is） 二、练习题 基础档 题型1：用正确的量词形式填空 1. I want ____________ (a / two) piece of bread for breakfast. 2. My mother buys ____________ (three / a) bottles of milk every day. 3. Can I have ____________ (a / five) glass of water, please? 4. We need ____________ (four / a) kilos of potatoes for dinner. 5. Tom has ____________ (a / six) pair of new shoes. 题型2：判断句子正(T)误(F)，并改正错误 1. I have two milk. ( ) ________________________ 2. There is a pair of socks on the bed. ( ) ________________________ 3. She needs five piece of paper. ( ) ________________________ 4. We want a bowls of rice. ( ) ________________________ 5. A kilo of apples are on the table. ( ) ________________________ 进阶档 题型1：用How many 或 How much 填空 1. __________________ books are there in your schoolbag? 2. __________________ orange juice do you drink every day? 3. __________________ is this packet of salt? 4. __________________ pairs of trousers do you have? 5. __________________ meat do we need for the dinner? 6. __________________ are these glasses of coke? 7. __________________ students are there in your class? 8. __________________ water is there in the bottle? 题型2：用is/are填空 1. How much ____________ this bowl of noodles? 2. How much ____________ those two bottles of juice? 3. How much ____________ a piece of bread? 4. How much ____________ five pairs of socks? 5. How much ____________ the rice? 6. How much ____________ three kilos of bananas? 7. How much ____________ a glass of milk? 提升档（共18题） 题型1：对划线部分提问（6题） 1. We need two bottles of milk. (提问) → _________________ _________________ milk do you need? 2. There are thirty students in our class. (提问) → _________________ _________________ students are there in your class? 3. The T-shirt is 80 yuan. (提问) → _________________ _________________ is the T-shirt? 4. She has four pieces of bread. (提问) → _________________ _________________ bread does she have? 5. I want three kilos of tomatoes. (提问) → _________________ _________________ tomatoes do you want? 6. These shoes are 150 yuan. (提问) → ________________ _________________ are these shoes? 题型2：连词成句 1. much, how, bread, you, do, need (?) _________________________________________________________________ 2. many, how, of, bowls, rice, you, want, do (?) _________________________________________________________________ 3. is, much, how, pair, this, of, shoes (?) _________________________________________________________________ 4. a, I, of, want, glass, milk (.) _________________________________________________________________ 5. have, two, I, of, packets, candy (.) _________________________________________________________________ 6. kilos, five, we, of, need, apples (.) _________________________________________________________________ 题型3：补全对话 A: Can I help you? B: Yes, please. I want some rice and milk. A: OK. ____________ ____________ bowls of rice do you want? B: Two bowls, please. A: And ____________ ____________ milk do you need? B: One bottle, thank you. A: Here you are. The rice is 10 yuan, and the milk is 5 yuan. B: ____________ ____________ is it in all (总共)? A: It’s 15 yuan. B: Here’s the money. A: Thank you. B: By the way (顺便问一下), ____________ ____________ are those apples? A: 8 yuan a kilo. B: I want one kilo, too. A: OK. That’s 23 yuan in all. B: Here you are. A: Thank you. ____________ ____________ kilos of apples do you want? Oh, sorry, you said one kilo. B: It’s OK. 三、答案与解析 基础档 题型1：量词形式填空 1. a 解析：piece是单数，前面用冠词a，数字为1时量词用单数。 2. three 解析：bottles是量词复数，前面用数字≥2，a后接单数。 3. a 解析：glass是单数，前面用a，数字为1时量词用单数。 4. four 解析：kilos是量词复数，前面用four，a后接单数。 5. a 解析：pair是单数，前面用a，数字为1时量词用单数。 题型2：判断正(T)误(F)并改正 1. F 改正：I have two bottles of milk. 解析：milk是不可数名词，不能直接用数字修饰，需搭配量词bottle，数字2则量词变复数。 2. T 解析：a pair of socks是单数概念，be动词用is，搭配正确。 3. F 改正：She needs five pieces of paper. 解析：数字5是复数，量词piece需变复数pieces。 4. F 改正：We want a bowl of rice. 解析：冠词a后接量词单数，bowls变bowl。 5. F 解析：a kilo of apples是单数概念，be动词用is，搭配错误。 进阶档 题型1：How many/How much填空 1. How many 解析：books是可数名词复数，提问数量用How many。 2. How much 解析：orange juice是不可数名词，提问数量用How much。 3. How much 解析：提问价格，固定用How much。 4. How many 解析：pairs是可数名词复数，提问数量用How many。 5. How much 解析：meat是不可数名词，提问数量用How much。 6. How much 解析：提问价格，固定用How much。 7. How many 解析：students是可数名词复数，提问数量用How many。 8. How much 解析：water是不可数名词，提问数量用How much。 题型2：is/are填空 1. is 解析：this bowl of noodles是单数概念，be动词用is。 2. are 解析：those two bottles of juice是复数概念，be动词用are。 3. is 解析：a piece of bread是单数概念，be动词用is。 4. are 解析：five pairs of socks是复数概念，be动词用are。 5. is 解析：rice是不可数名词，单数概念，be动词用is。 6. are 解析：three kilos of bananas是复数概念，be动词用are。 7. is 解析：a glass of milk是单数概念，be动词用is。 提升档 题型1：对划线部分提问 1. How much 解析：划线部分是two bottles of，修饰不可数名词milk，提问数量用How much。 2. How many 解析：划线部分是thirty，修饰可数名词复数students，提问数量用How many。 3. How much 解析：划线部分是80 yuan，提问价格用How much。 4. How much 解析：划线部分是four pieces of，修饰不可数名词bread，提问数量用How much。 5. How many 解析：划线部分是three kilos of，修饰可数名词复数tomatoes，提问数量用How many。 6. How much 解析：划线部分是150 yuan，提问价格用How much。 题型2：连词成句 1. How much bread do you need? 2. How many bowls of rice do you want? 3. How much is this pair of shoes? 4. I want a glass of milk. 5. I have two packets of candy. 6. We need five kilos of apples. 题型3：补全对话 1. How many 解析：bowls是可数名词复数，提问数量用How many。 2. How much 解析：milk是不可数名词，提问数量用How much。 3. How much 解析：根据答语15 yuan，提问总价格用How much。 4. How much 解析：根据答语8 yuan a kilo，提问苹果价格用How much。 5. How many 解析：kilos是可数名词复数，提问数量用How many。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $