重难点13 阅读理解之细节理解题定锚（重难专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点13 阅读理解之细节理解题定锚 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专项核 心考查方向与高考高频难点是 阅读理解 之 细节理解 题 ，梳理近 5 年高考该题型的重难考点分布 ( 如 2021- 202 5 年全国卷 I阅读理解 中 占比 30%-73.3 % ) 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 长难句解剖术 2. 指代关系追踪术 3. 逻辑关联词聚焦术 4. 数字与比较信息处理术 5. 跨句/段信息整合术 6. 文体特征利用术 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 3 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 3 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 【考点统计】 2021-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025全国高考I卷 7 1 6 1 2025全国高考II卷 8 1 4 2 2025高考浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 2021新高考I卷 8 1 4 2 2021新高考II卷 11 1 2 1 【命题趋势】 2026年高考英语细节理解题的命题将在保持稳定的基础上，更加强调“素养立意”与“真实情境”，并从多个维度对细节信息的处理能力进行深度考查。下面的表格为你梳理了核心的命题趋势： 趋势维度 具体表现与考查重点 对你的备考启示 1. 语篇选材与情境 围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题，真实、多元。题材贴近科技前沿、社会热点、文化传承等，例如探讨微塑料污染、绿色能源等全球性议题，或介绍围棋艺术、传统智慧等中国文化。 备考时需广泛涉猎各类主题的原版或高质量英语材料，积累相关话题词汇和背景知识。 2. 命题立意与深度 超越“寻找原词”，更注重信息转换与逻辑关联。题目可能要求你： • 辨析与推断：区分事实与观点，或根据多个细节进行简单推断。 • 整合与概括：将分散在语篇不同位置的信息进行整合，形成对某一概念的完整理解。 练习时不能满足于“找到答案”，要主动分析正确选项是如何对原文信息进行同义转述、概括或逻辑推导的。 3. 语言能力要求 强调在真实语境中理解语言。“熟词生义”(如 “store” 表示“储藏”)和一词多义的现象会高频出现。同时，长难句会成为设置理解障碍的关键。 脱离单词表，在句子和文章中记忆词汇。专项训练长难句分析能力，快速抓住句子主干。 4. 跨题型融合 细节理解能力不仅是阅读题的基础，也直接影响到完形填空的选项辨析、语法填空的语境判断，甚至写作的素材提取与准确表达。 建立“大阅读” 观念，在做任何题型时都注重对语篇细节的精准把握和灵活运用。 核心对策：从“刷题”转向“研题” 精研高考真题：反复研究近3-5年的高考真题(尤其是全国卷)，分析每个细节题的正确选项来源、错误选项的陷阱类型(如“偷换概念”、“无中生有”)。 拓展高质量阅读：除了教材和模拟题，应有计划地阅读外刊节选、科普短文、文化介绍等原汁原味的语料-7，提升处理真实、复杂文本的能力。 构建主题词汇网：围绕“中华优秀传统文化”、“科技创新”、“可持续发展”等高频主题，积累相关词汇、短语和表达句式，做到深度掌握。 总的来说，2026年的细节理解题会进一步“去套路化”，要求你真正理解语言在具体语境中的含义，并能进行有逻辑的信息处理。扎实基础、广泛阅读、深度思考是应对的根本。 【思维导图】 技法一：直接信息题——题干定位法。 【设题特点】 直接信息题常设置在应用文中，涉及的话题有广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等，是细节理解题中最基础、占比最高的题型。它的核心是“直接查找与匹配”，答案信息明确存在于原文的某一处。 一、核心设题特点 定位直接：答案对应的原文句子通常非常明确，题干中往往包含专有名词(人名、地名)、数字、日期或非常具体的关键词，能让你快速定位。 原词复现少：为了增加区分度，正确选项很少直接照搬原文单词，而是大量采用同义替换、词性转换或句式重组。 高度对应：正确答案与原文信息在事实层面高度一致，不需要任何推理、引申或总结。常见于考查时间、地点、人物、事件、数据、原因、方式等具体要素。 二、常见设问方式 掌握这些提问形式，能帮你快速识别直接信息题： According to the passage, ...? What / When / Where / Who / Why / How...? (以特殊疑问词直接提问) Which of the following is TRUE / NOT true? (需逐一核对选项与原文) The author mentions... to show that... 三、主要干扰项设置 命题人常用以下三种方式制造干扰，需仔细比对： 偷换概念：替换原文关键词，造成意思偏差。如原文是“most students”，选项改为“all students”。 无中生有：选项含有原文完全未提及的信息，但本身逻辑通顺，极具迷惑性。 信息错位：将描述A的特征、行为或数据，张冠李戴到B身上。 四、高效解题“三步法”：在考场上，你可以遵循以下标准化步骤，确保准确率和速度。 五、备考精练建议 强化定位能力：练习时，有意识地在题干中圈出“定位词”，并训练自己快速在文中找到它们(或其同义词)的能力。 建立同义词汇库：积累高频同义替换，如 important - significant - crucial, increase - rise - grow, result in - lead to - cause 等。 进行错题归因：每道错题都要分析：是定位错了？单词不认识？还是没看出同义替换？针对性改进。 总而言之，攻克直接信息题的关键在于 “快、准、稳”：快速定位、准确识别同义转换、稳妥排除干扰。 【思维导图】 【典例1】(2024全国甲卷, A) Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880-1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature’s most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. 23. What can you do together with Javier Marin? A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts. C. Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates. 【答案】B 【解析】事实细节题。根据文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (无脊椎艺术家：无脊椎动物的创造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of History to learn how insects and other Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)”可知，参与者能跟Javier Marin一起进行手工制作。故选B项。 考点二：间接信息题——同义转换法。 【设题特点】 高考英语细节理解题中的“间接信息题”是区分考生阅读理解能力高低的关键题型。这类题目的设题特点鲜明，掌握其规律能显著提升答题准确率。这类题目不会直接使用原文中的单词或句子作为题干和选项，而是通过同义替换、概括归纳、逻辑推理等方式，对原文信息进行“转述”或“包装”。你需要在原文定位的基础上，进行一步“解码”才能找到答案。 四大典型设题特点与破解方法： 1. 同义/近义替换：这是最核心、最频繁的设题手段。 特点：题干或正确选项中的关键词与原文相关句子的关键词不是同一个词，而是其同义词、近义词、词性转换或短语替换。 破解：紧盯信息核心，不被表面词汇迷惑。 2. 概括与具体化 特点：由具体到概括：原文是细节描述，选项是概括性语言。 破解：识别信息间的抽象与具体关系。 3. 逻辑关系转换 特点：将原文的隐含逻辑关系(因果、目的、条件、转折等)在题目中显性化，或转换表达方式。 破解：理清句子和段落间的逻辑链条。 4. 跨句/跨段信息整合 特点：正确答案对应的信息点不集中在一句话里，可能分散在同一段落的不同句子，甚至不同段落。你需要找到并综合这些碎片信息。 破解：以人物、事件、概念为线索，在相关区域进行“信息扫描”和拼接。 如何高效应对此类题目？ 精准定位：根据题干关键词(人名、地名、时间、特殊名词)快速回原文定位，找到相关句或段落。 “解码”比对：仔细对照原文和选项，重点看选项是否是对原文信息的另一种正确表述，而非简单的原词复现。警惕使用原文原词但改变了意思的干扰项。 警惕绝对化和偷换概念：含有 all, never, absolutely, everyone 等绝对化词汇的选项往往是错误的。注意选项是否将原文的“A导致B”偷换成“B导致A”。 忠于原文：所有判断必须基于文本，不能引入个人常识或主观臆断。即使选项表述的“道理”看似正确，但只要原文未提及或不符合，就是错误选项。 【思维导图】 【典例2】(2024新课标I卷, C) Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. ... Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. (音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 考点三：数字计算题——整合推算法。 【设题特点】 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价格、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说计算量都比较小,容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解,从这个角度上讲,理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有广告类、故事类、科普知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类。设问方式为以when, in which year, how many/much等疑问词(组)开头的疑问句。 五大典型设题方式与破解策略 1. 简单四则运算(最基础) 特点：通常涉及价格、时间、年龄、数量等的加、减、乘、除。 原文线索：常出现 ...more than..., ...less than..., double, half, discount, each, total, per week/month 等关键词。 2. 时间跨度与频率计算 特点：计算某个事件的起止时间、持续时间、发生频率或未来时间点。 原文线索：关注 from...to..., last, every, once a week, starting on, for + 时间段。 3. 比例与百分比计算 特点：给出整体和部分的比例，要求计算具体数值，或反之。 原文线索：percent, %, one third, a quarter, three out of five, ratio。 4. 数字变化与比较 特点：描述数字的增加、减少或比较关系，需要理清变化前后的状态。 原文线索：increase by/to, decrease by/to, reduce, twice as much as, as many as, compared with。 5. 多步骤综合计算 特点：最易出错的一类。需要综合运用以上多种方法，进行两步或以上计算，且信息可能分散在不同句子。 三大干扰项设计陷阱 直接照抄原文数字：把原文中出现的某个未经计算的原始数字作为选项。(最常见陷阱) 计算过程错误：在正确的原始数字基础上，进行了一步错误的运算得出的结果。 单位或对象混淆：将适用于A的数字或单位，错误地用于B。 【思维导图】 【典例3】(2023新课标Ⅰ卷, A) Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. ... Prices   Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day(24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00   Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.€15.75.　　　　 B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。 考点四：概括信息题——归纳概括法。 【设题特点】 “概括信息题”是高考英语细节理解题中非常核心且富有区分度的一类题型。它要求考生不仅找到信息，还要对其进行加工、提炼和整合。这类题目的答案无法在原文中找到现成的、一模一样的句子。它需要考生在定位到相关细节信息(可能是一句话、几句话甚至一个段落)的基础上，跳出字面意思，抓住本质，用更抽象、更上位、更精炼的语言进行概括或归纳。简单来说，它考察的是 “具体→抽象”、“现象→本质”、“多个例子→一个共性” 的信息转化能力。 四大典型设题方式与识别标志 1. 对单个事件/行为的本质或目的进行概括 设问方式：Why did the author...? (问深层目的，而非表面原因)；What is the main purpose of...? The author mentioned the example of... to show that ______. 原文特点：描述了一个具体的行为、措施或故事。 概括关键：问“他做这件事是为了什么？”或“这个例子说明了什么道理？” 2. 对人物特征/品质进行概括 设问方式：What kind of person is...? Which word can best describe...? 原文特点：通过人物的言行、选择、他人评价等多个细节来侧面展现其性格。 概括关键：找出这些具体细节共同指向的一种内在品质。 3. 对事物/方法的特点、优势或原理进行概括 设问方式：What is the advantage of this method? What is special about...? How does... work? (问原理概括) 原文特点：列举了某个事物、技术或方法的若干具体表现或步骤。 概括关键：提炼出这些具体表现背后的共同特点、核心优势或运作逻辑。 4. 对段落主旨或段落中多个细节的共同点进行概括 设问方式：What is this paragraph mainly about? What do the examples in Paragraph 2 have in common? 原文特点：一个段落中包含多个并列的例子、数据或事实。 概括关键：找到一根能串起所有这些细节的“主线”或“上位概念”。 三大干扰项设计陷阱 以偏概全：只概括了部分细节，漏掉了其他重要信息。 表面信息：直接复述原文中的某个具体事实，没有进行概括提升。 过度推断：概括的内容超出了原文依据的范围，加入了个人想象或常识。 高效解题心法：三步走 精准定位，划出相关句：根据题干，找到所有相关的句子。概括信息题的信息点通常是集中的。 提取“关键词”，分析其关系：问自己：这些句子在讲“谁”？在“做什么”？这些动作或事实有什么共同点？用一个更抽象的词语或短语来替换它们。 比对选项，选择“上位概念”： 正确选项：通常是含义更广、更抽象的“上位概念词”(如将“跑步、游泳、瑜伽”概括为“锻炼”)。 错误选项：常常是含义更具体的“下位事例”或原文的碎片信息。 【思维导图】 【典例4】(2023全国乙卷, A) PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789—1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461—1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. (她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813 (她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. (Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业)”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。 (建议用时：40分钟) 【类型一：高考真题细节理解题片段训练】 【片段01】(2024新课标I卷第23题) AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent / guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 【片段02】( 2023·新高考Ⅱ卷第23题) 　　Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10) 　　Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 　　6/19—Waterfalls&Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 　　7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 23.Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 【片段03】(2024新课标I卷第24题) “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 【片段04】(2023新课标Ⅱ卷第24题) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. 24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 【片段05】(2022全国乙卷第22题) Exhibition Times Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45 Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission £4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. 22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16. 【类型二：高考真题细节理解题语篇训练】 (2026年1月浙江高考首考 A) The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs at the Beachway in conjunction with the Ontario Culture Days. This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers to create artwork that will be displayed on temporary signs along the multi-use path. This call is open to Burlington-based artists and is open to all art forms that can be presented in a sign format. This includes, but is not limited to: visual art, graphic art, photography, poetry, short story, non-fiction, etc. Submissions may be from existing or newly created work. The artist fee for this project is $ 400. The City of Burlington will pay for all costs related to the production, installation (安装) and maintenance of the signs. Estimated Project Timeline August2 Call for Artists responses due By August 12 Successful artists selected; enter into a con tract with the City of Burlington September6 Final artwork files due September 23-October 13 Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch (草图) of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 21. What is the purpose of this text? A. To raise money for local artists. B. To release a collection of artwork. C. To introduce a cultural festival. D. To call for artworks for a project. 22. How long will the public art signs be on display? A. Ten days. B. Three weeks. C. One month. D. Two months. 23. Which of the following meets the application requirements? A. A 150-word poem. B. A 100-word self-introduction. C. A 300-word story. D. A 200-word artwork statement. (2025全国高考II卷 C) When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 【类型三：推理判断题名校好题调研】 【调研1】(25-26高三上·江苏盐城·月考)For decades mercury (汞) has been settling into lakes and oceans, where it turns into methylmercury — a poisonous substance that sticks to fish and everything that eats them, humans included. Methylmercury poisoning, which can damage the nervous system, “always seemed like such a difficult thing to deal with,” says Kate Tepper, a postdoctoral researcher at Australia’s Macquarie University. To try to solve this problem, Tepper and her colleagues genetically engineered zebra fish and fruit flies so that the organisms can change methylmercury into the less harmful elemental mercury, which leaves the body as a gas. The researchers injected zebra fish and fruit fly embryos (胚胎) with Escherichia coli (大肠杆菌) genes that produce a conversion enzyme (转化酶). As the scientists report in Nature Communications, the modified zebra fish contained 64 percent less mercury than unmodified ones, and the fruit flies had 83 percent less. Tepper says that the small, mercury-resistant fish could serve as a self-purifying foundation for the food chain, protecting larger fish, birds and humans that eat them. Modified insects, meanwhile, could remove mercury from the environment by eating waste. Robert Mason, a marine scientist at the University of Connecticut, says modified animals might reduce methylmercury buildup locally. However, he sees a limitation: even for small-scale cleanups, elemental mercury can change back into methylmercury once it is released into the atmosphere. Tepper thinks the modified zebra fish would ideally be introduced at highly polluted sites. First, though, the researchers need to make sure the modified fish are safe. Tepper proposes eventual field trials in small lakes so that scientists can test for unintended ecological effects in a controlled setting. Such trials are years away. However, Tepper believes someday, we could use similar methods to clean up other pollutants, like microplastics and chemicals.” This shows we can use animals to clean up pollution,” she says. “Potentially we could use this for a lot of pollutants.” 1. What does the author intend to show through paragraph 1? A. The worldwide mercury pollution problem. B. The difficulty in detecting mercury in water. C. The motivation behind dealing with mercury pollution. D. The important discovery of methylmercury poisoning. 2. What can we learn about the genetically modified zebra fish? A. They can reduce mercury in the food chain. B. They can produce more conversion enzymes. C. They are more useful than modified fruit flies. D. They are more attractive to animals that eat them. 3. What does Robert Mason say about the genetically modified animals? A. They might bring about more harm than good. B. They might not do much to cut mercury pollution. C. They are more cost-effective than existing methods. D. They should be put to good use immediately. 4. How does Tepper feel about their new way to remove mercury in water? A. Negative. B. Worried. C. Confused. D. Optimistic. 【调研2】(25-26高三上·湖南长沙)It is widely acknowledged that crows are highly intelligent with cognitive abilities similar to those of 5-to-7-year-old children. Past research shows that they can count to four and distinguish human voices and faces, and some species can even create tools for future use. Lately, a special study has expanded this list further, revealing that crows can recognize basic geometric features, such as side lengths, parallel lines, and right angles, and tell apart shapes like stars, crescents, squares, and irregular four-sided figures. With the purpose of testing the crows’ geometric skills, scientists showed two crows six shapes on a digital screen and trained them to peck (啄) at the outlier—the shape that looked different from the rest. When the birds chose correctly, they were rewarded with a tasty snack. At first, the researchers made the outlier obvious, such as one flower among five crescents. As the birds got used to the task, the shapes became more similar including squares and irregular four- sided figures. Despite the increasing difficulty, the crows continued to identify the outlier correctly. The shape recognition ability of crows remains a topic of interest for researchers. They suspect this ability may help them with navigation as they fly around. The birds may have also developed this ability to help them search for food or identify other individual crows — including potential mates — based on their facial features. “All these abilities, at the end of the day, from a biological point of view, have evolved because they provide a survival advantage or a reproductive advantage,” says study senior author Andreas Nieder, a neurophysiologist at the University of Tübingen in Germany. In the future, researchers hope to explore which areas of the birds’ brains are responsible for their exceptional ability in geometry. Birds don’t have a cerebral cortex (大脑皮层)—at least, not in the same way that humans do. But for us, that part of the brain is responsible for thinking and other complex functions. Crows still have these abilities, so the researchers assume there must be something else going on inside their heads. “Obviously, evolution found two different ways of giving rise to behaviorally flexible animals,” Nieder says. 1. What does the recent study reveal about crows? A. They can draw simple figures with tools. B. They can distinguish between basic shapes in geometry. C. They can do easy math calculations. D. They can recognize human voices and faces. 2. How did the researchers increase the difficulty of the shape- recognition task? A. By shortening the time for the crows to respond. B. By presenting more familiar shapes on the screen. C. By showing the figures with different colors. D. By enhancing the similarity among the shapes. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The role of crows’ geometric potential in navigation. B. Reasons for crows to evolve shape identification abilities. C. Survival benefits of crows’ cognitive talents. D. The advantages of crows’ food-searching skills over other birds. 4. What is the follow-up step for future study? A. Investigating crows’ brain areas related to geometric skills. B. Comparing the cerebral cortex of humans and crows. C. Exploring other complex functions of crows’ brains. D. Studying the causes of crows’ flexible behaviors. (建议用时：30分钟) 【抢分练1】(25-26高三上·湖南长沙) For 11-year-old chess talent Reyaansh Chakrabarty, the Netflix show The Queen’s Gambit (《后翼弃兵》) started his love for chess. During the pandemic (流行病), he watched the show, which aroused his interest in chess. From Western Sydney, Reyaansh, a FIDE master with a 2346 classical rating, has excited Australia’s chess world. Australian Chess Federation’s Paul Power said that Reyaansh shows great promise at a young age, adding that Australia has only 10 Grandmasters (GMs) worldwide and that though it’s hard to predict, Reyaansh is on the right way to possibly get a GM title, which would be a great honor for Australia. Reyaansh wants to do more than become a Grandmaster — he dreams of being world champion. Though it’s a huge goal, he focuses on improving step by step. As a Year 6 student, he trains five hours each day and eight hours on weekends. His school supports his chess by giving less homework, but he still puts his studies first. He practices tactics and openings strictly, looking for mistakes in his games, and has face-to-face classes with Polish GM Jacek Stopa at the Sydney Chess Academy. Reyaansh said that Stopa teaches him the careful preparation needed for the GM level and that the puzzles he gives are very hard, making him tired after each class. Reyaansh has already beaten GMs, including Australian player Darryl Johansen in Melbourne. His first GM win happened when his opponent blundered in a game that was going to end in a draw. He has played in countries like Norway and Singapore and balances chess with reading books by JK Rowling and Dog Man comics. When talking about what makes chess special, Reyaansh pointed out the game’s intensity, saying that even a game played perfectly can be lost with one mistake. Mr. Power saw more young players joining in, saying the lively interest among primary students is refreshing. Reyaansh’s main advice for others is to find love for the game, because without it, one would get bored. 1. What drew Reyaansh’s interest in chess? A. A pandemic-related activity. B. A fictional character’s story. C. A family tradition. D. A local chess competition. 2. What excited Australia’s chess world? A. Reyaansh’s high rating. B. Reyaansh’s love for chess. C. Reyaansh’s young age D. Reyaansh’s victory in Melbourne. 3. What can we infer about Reyaansh from paragraph 3? A. He prioritizes chess over schoolwork. B. He trains more on weekdays than weekends. C. He follows a strict daily routine. D. He gets tired of long-hour practice. 4. What does the underlined word “blundered” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Made a mistake. B. Gave up easily. C. Showed confidence. D. Got special permits. 【抢分练2】(2026·浙江杭州·模拟预测)For years, as an art influencer, I lived online, documenting all aspects of my life and desiring more followers on Instagram. A constant panic over lost connections the emptiness of endless scrolling, and a nearly missed car accident left me feeling drained. Overwhelmed, I deactivated my account and bought an old Nokia. Then, everything changed. Only after giving up my smartphone did I realize how distracted and anxious I had become. Withdrawal was difficult, but as months passed, subtle changes accumulated. When the Internet wasn’t immediately accessible, the urge to use it faded away, and parts of me that had been buried under years of digital noise surfaced. Without endless scrolling, hours have returned to me. I can use the otherwise screen time to be healthy or productive, but I can also use it to appreciate the lost art of idleness. I spend a good part of the day just leafing through magazines, drinking cups of tea, poking clumsily at the piano. I don’t believe it is possible to waste time when I am fully present. Staying in touch has proved easier than expected. My dumbphone still allows calls and texts, and most online — messaging tools are available on my computer. It turns out that the only people I really need to contact on the go are those I am working with. What time will you be there? or I’m running late — that’s urgent information. Some interactions, such as group chats, messages to friends and family abroad might feel urgent, but once I step away from them, I realize that the sense of urgency is a product of software engineering, my own anxiety, or a combination. It has been years since I downgraded. I now carry a film camera instead of a smartphone, and the deliberate act of taking photos brings me genuine joy. When people ask whether I miss my smartphone, I think back to the height of my addiction. I was constantly online, yet rarely present. How could I miss that time? I was hardly even there. 1. What led the author to deactivate his Instagram account? A. A loss of connections. B. A sense of personal burnout. C. A near miss of an accident. D. A decline of online followers. 2. Which best describes the author’s life in paragraph 2? A. Absorbed in new hobbies. B. Stuck in digital withdrawal. C. Focused on quality moments. D. Built on health and productivity. 3. What does the author realize after shifting to the dumbphone? A. He has to rely on computers. B. Real-time contact is much needed. C. Close relationships are hard to maintain. D. The sense of urgency is overemphasized. 4. What does the author’s experience show? A. Stopping scrolling, restoring health. B. Quitting Instagram, embracing possibility. C. Downgrading devices, upgrading presence. D. Dropping smartphone, recognizing urgency. 【抢分练3】(2026年1月浙江高考首考 B) When you’re a teacher, a big part of your job is battling student misconceptions. Often students come to the classroom believing that learning can’t be fun and that what they learn isn’t relevant to the real world --- much less to their personal interests. I’ve discovered that if I show students how what they learn is relevant to my hobbies, they’re much more willing to make connections to their personal interests and develop their own hobbies. No matter what subject I’m teaching, I find ways to bring my hobbies into the classroom. For example, I’m a car enthusiast, so when I teach physics, I contextualize concepts with my knowledge about cars. If we’re covering friction, for example, I bring different tires (轮胎) into my classroom so that my students can conduct lab experiments with them to see how friction works in real-life applications. When I first brought my hobbies to my classroom, I was focused on how doing so would build engagement and help my students understand concepts in science. But I quickly learned that the practice also helped me build stronger relationships with them. When I let them see an aspect of my life outside of school, some students who were also interested in cars connected with me more and became more engaged in my courses. Even those who didn’t share that interest with me seemed more engaged once I showed a different side of myself. What started as an experiment is now more of a philosophy. Even when I’m planning classes, I tend to think about how I can bring in my hobbies. I find that doing so energizes my instruction, engages my students, and demonstrates to them how abstract concepts play out in the real world. Best of all, my passion for my hobbies seems to inspire them to be passionate about finding their own. 24. What poses a challenge to teachers according to the author? A. Students’ misunderstandings about teachers. B. Students’ false assumptions about learning. C. The irrelevance of textbooks to students’ life. D. The gap between teachers’ and students’ hobbies. 25. Why does the author bring tires into the classroom? A. To teach an engineering skill. B. To explain the structure of a car. C. To share a real-life experience. D. To illustrate a scientific concept. 26. What was the unexpected outcome of the author’s teaching method? A. A higher class attendance rate. B. Better examination results. C. A closer teacher-student bond. D. More spare time for students. 27. Which of the following best describes the author as a teacher? A. Innovative. B. Humorous. C. Decisive. D. Sympathetic. 【抢分练4】(2025高考北京卷 A) Join us for TransForm, the interactive summer camp that helps you teens find your passion by participating in various activities and connecting with others. Experience TransForm TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences. However, if you are unsure what track you want, you still get to explore any workshop you want as part of our Explore Workshops. Besides, your parents will also be able to participate in workshops selected just for them to learn about cutting-edge science. Schedule of Programming 17 July Time Activities 14:00-15:00 Lead to Change Kick-off 15:00-16:30 Programme Showcase 16:30-18:00 Track Workshops 18 July Time Activities 9:30-11:00 Career Fireside Chats 13:00-14:15 Youth Panel 14:15-16:20 Track Keynotes 19 July Time Activities 8:00-12:00 Off-site Experiences 13:00-15:00 Gallery Viewing 15:15-16:45 Adult Workshops 20 July Time Activities 9:00-11:15 Explore Workshops 13:30-16:00 Keynote Speech 16:15-17:00 Celebration Programming Tracks ·Agricultural Science: Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture ·Community Booster: Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities ·Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles ·Science Lab: Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics. 21. TransForm allows the teens to ____________. A. select workshops for their parents B. prepare track topics for the camp C. design programme activities D. attend hands-on sessions 22. According to the schedule, which activity can the teens participate in? A. Keynote Speech on 17 July. B. Youth Panel on 18 July. C. Celebration on 19 July. D. Programme Showcase on 20 July. 23. What can the teens do in the Programming Tracks? A. Build urban communities. B. Serve as guides on a farm. C. Learn about healthy living. D. Volunteer in a science lab. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点13 阅读理解之细节理解题定锚 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专项核 心考查方向与高考高频难点是 阅读理解 之 细节理解 题 ，梳理近 5 年高考该题型的重难考点分布 ( 如 2021- 202 5 年全国卷 I阅读理解 中 占比 30%-73.3 % ) 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 长难句解剖术 2. 指代关系追踪术 3. 逻辑关联词聚焦术 4. 数字与比较信息处理术 5. 跨句/段信息整合术 6. 文体特征利用术 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 3 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 3 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 【考点统计】 2021-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025全国高考I卷 7 1 6 1 2025全国高考II卷 8 1 4 2 2025高考浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 2021新高考I卷 8 1 4 2 2021新高考II卷 11 1 2 1 【命题趋势】 2026年高考英语细节理解题的命题将在保持稳定的基础上，更加强调“素养立意”与“真实情境”，并从多个维度对细节信息的处理能力进行深度考查。下面的表格为你梳理了核心的命题趋势： 趋势维度 具体表现与考查重点 对你的备考启示 1. 语篇选材与情境 围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题，真实、多元。题材贴近科技前沿、社会热点、文化传承等，例如探讨微塑料污染、绿色能源等全球性议题，或介绍围棋艺术、传统智慧等中国文化。 备考时需广泛涉猎各类主题的原版或高质量英语材料，积累相关话题词汇和背景知识。 2. 命题立意与深度 超越“寻找原词”，更注重信息转换与逻辑关联。题目可能要求你： • 辨析与推断：区分事实与观点，或根据多个细节进行简单推断。 • 整合与概括：将分散在语篇不同位置的信息进行整合，形成对某一概念的完整理解。 练习时不能满足于“找到答案”，要主动分析正确选项是如何对原文信息进行同义转述、概括或逻辑推导的。 3. 语言能力要求 强调在真实语境中理解语言。“熟词生义”(如 “store” 表示“储藏”)和一词多义的现象会高频出现。同时，长难句会成为设置理解障碍的关键。 脱离单词表，在句子和文章中记忆词汇。专项训练长难句分析能力，快速抓住句子主干。 4. 跨题型融合 细节理解能力不仅是阅读题的基础，也直接影响到完形填空的选项辨析、语法填空的语境判断，甚至写作的素材提取与准确表达。 建立“大阅读” 观念，在做任何题型时都注重对语篇细节的精准把握和灵活运用。 核心对策：从“刷题”转向“研题” 精研高考真题：反复研究近3-5年的高考真题(尤其是全国卷)，分析每个细节题的正确选项来源、错误选项的陷阱类型(如“偷换概念”、“无中生有”)。 拓展高质量阅读：除了教材和模拟题，应有计划地阅读外刊节选、科普短文、文化介绍等原汁原味的语料-7，提升处理真实、复杂文本的能力。 构建主题词汇网：围绕“中华优秀传统文化”、“科技创新”、“可持续发展”等高频主题，积累相关词汇、短语和表达句式，做到深度掌握。 总的来说，2026年的细节理解题会进一步“去套路化”，要求你真正理解语言在具体语境中的含义，并能进行有逻辑的信息处理。扎实基础、广泛阅读、深度思考是应对的根本。 【思维导图】 技法一：直接信息题——题干定位法。 【设题特点】 直接信息题常设置在应用文中，涉及的话题有广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等，是细节理解题中最基础、占比最高的题型。它的核心是“直接查找与匹配”，答案信息明确存在于原文的某一处。 一、核心设题特点 定位直接：答案对应的原文句子通常非常明确，题干中往往包含专有名词(人名、地名)、数字、日期或非常具体的关键词，能让你快速定位。 原词复现少：为了增加区分度，正确选项很少直接照搬原文单词，而是大量采用同义替换、词性转换或句式重组。 高度对应：正确答案与原文信息在事实层面高度一致，不需要任何推理、引申或总结。常见于考查时间、地点、人物、事件、数据、原因、方式等具体要素。 二、常见设问方式 掌握这些提问形式，能帮你快速识别直接信息题： According to the passage, ...? What / When / Where / Who / Why / How...? (以特殊疑问词直接提问) Which of the following is TRUE / NOT true? (需逐一核对选项与原文) The author mentions... to show that... 三、主要干扰项设置 命题人常用以下三种方式制造干扰，需仔细比对： 偷换概念：替换原文关键词，造成意思偏差。如原文是“most students”，选项改为“all students”。 无中生有：选项含有原文完全未提及的信息，但本身逻辑通顺，极具迷惑性。 信息错位：将描述A的特征、行为或数据，张冠李戴到B身上。 四、高效解题“三步法”：在考场上，你可以遵循以下标准化步骤，确保准确率和速度。 五、备考精练建议 强化定位能力：练习时，有意识地在题干中圈出“定位词”，并训练自己快速在文中找到它们(或其同义词)的能力。 建立同义词汇库：积累高频同义替换，如 important - significant - crucial, increase - rise - grow, result in - lead to - cause 等。 进行错题归因：每道错题都要分析：是定位错了？单词不认识？还是没看出同义替换？针对性改进。 总而言之，攻克直接信息题的关键在于 “快、准、稳”：快速定位、准确识别同义转换、稳妥排除干扰。 【思维导图】 【典例1】(2024全国甲卷, A) Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880-1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature’s most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. 23. What can you do together with Javier Marin? A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts. C. Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates. 【答案】B 【解析】事实细节题。根据文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (无脊椎艺术家：无脊椎动物的创造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of History to learn how insects and other Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)”可知，参与者能跟Javier Marin一起进行手工制作。故选B项。 考点二：间接信息题——同义转换法。 【设题特点】 高考英语细节理解题中的“间接信息题”是区分考生阅读理解能力高低的关键题型。这类题目的设题特点鲜明，掌握其规律能显著提升答题准确率。这类题目不会直接使用原文中的单词或句子作为题干和选项，而是通过同义替换、概括归纳、逻辑推理等方式，对原文信息进行“转述”或“包装”。你需要在原文定位的基础上，进行一步“解码”才能找到答案。 四大典型设题特点与破解方法： 1. 同义/近义替换：这是最核心、最频繁的设题手段。 特点：题干或正确选项中的关键词与原文相关句子的关键词不是同一个词，而是其同义词、近义词、词性转换或短语替换。 破解：紧盯信息核心，不被表面词汇迷惑。 2. 概括与具体化 特点：由具体到概括：原文是细节描述，选项是概括性语言。 破解：识别信息间的抽象与具体关系。 3. 逻辑关系转换 特点：将原文的隐含逻辑关系(因果、目的、条件、转折等)在题目中显性化，或转换表达方式。 破解：理清句子和段落间的逻辑链条。 4. 跨句/跨段信息整合 特点：正确答案对应的信息点不集中在一句话里，可能分散在同一段落的不同句子，甚至不同段落。你需要找到并综合这些碎片信息。 破解：以人物、事件、概念为线索，在相关区域进行“信息扫描”和拼接。 如何高效应对此类题目？ 精准定位：根据题干关键词(人名、地名、时间、特殊名词)快速回原文定位，找到相关句或段落。 “解码”比对：仔细对照原文和选项，重点看选项是否是对原文信息的另一种正确表述，而非简单的原词复现。警惕使用原文原词但改变了意思的干扰项。 警惕绝对化和偷换概念：含有 all, never, absolutely, everyone 等绝对化词汇的选项往往是错误的。注意选项是否将原文的“A导致B”偷换成“B导致A”。 忠于原文：所有判断必须基于文本，不能引入个人常识或主观臆断。即使选项表述的“道理”看似正确，但只要原文未提及或不符合，就是错误选项。 【思维导图】 【典例2】(2024新课标I卷, C) Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. ... Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. (音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 考点三：数字计算题——整合推算法。 【设题特点】 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价格、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说计算量都比较小,容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解,从这个角度上讲,理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有广告类、故事类、科普知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类。设问方式为以when, in which year, how many/much等疑问词(组)开头的疑问句。 五大典型设题方式与破解策略 1. 简单四则运算(最基础) 特点：通常涉及价格、时间、年龄、数量等的加、减、乘、除。 原文线索：常出现 ...more than..., ...less than..., double, half, discount, each, total, per week/month 等关键词。 2. 时间跨度与频率计算 特点：计算某个事件的起止时间、持续时间、发生频率或未来时间点。 原文线索：关注 from...to..., last, every, once a week, starting on, for + 时间段。 3. 比例与百分比计算 特点：给出整体和部分的比例，要求计算具体数值，或反之。 原文线索：percent, %, one third, a quarter, three out of five, ratio。 4. 数字变化与比较 特点：描述数字的增加、减少或比较关系，需要理清变化前后的状态。 原文线索：increase by/to, decrease by/to, reduce, twice as much as, as many as, compared with。 5. 多步骤综合计算 特点：最易出错的一类。需要综合运用以上多种方法，进行两步或以上计算，且信息可能分散在不同句子。 三大干扰项设计陷阱 直接照抄原文数字：把原文中出现的某个未经计算的原始数字作为选项。(最常见陷阱) 计算过程错误：在正确的原始数字基础上，进行了一步错误的运算得出的结果。 单位或对象混淆：将适用于A的数字或单位，错误地用于B。 【思维导图】 【典例3】(2023新课标Ⅰ卷, A) Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. ... Prices   Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day(24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00   Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.€15.75.　　　　 B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。 考点四：概括信息题——归纳概括法。 【设题特点】 “概括信息题”是高考英语细节理解题中非常核心且富有区分度的一类题型。它要求考生不仅找到信息，还要对其进行加工、提炼和整合。这类题目的答案无法在原文中找到现成的、一模一样的句子。它需要考生在定位到相关细节信息(可能是一句话、几句话甚至一个段落)的基础上，跳出字面意思，抓住本质，用更抽象、更上位、更精炼的语言进行概括或归纳。简单来说，它考察的是 “具体→抽象”、“现象→本质”、“多个例子→一个共性” 的信息转化能力。 四大典型设题方式与识别标志 1. 对单个事件/行为的本质或目的进行概括 设问方式：Why did the author...? (问深层目的，而非表面原因)；What is the main purpose of...? The author mentioned the example of... to show that ______. 原文特点：描述了一个具体的行为、措施或故事。 概括关键：问“他做这件事是为了什么？”或“这个例子说明了什么道理？” 2. 对人物特征/品质进行概括 设问方式：What kind of person is...? Which word can best describe...? 原文特点：通过人物的言行、选择、他人评价等多个细节来侧面展现其性格。 概括关键：找出这些具体细节共同指向的一种内在品质。 3. 对事物/方法的特点、优势或原理进行概括 设问方式：What is the advantage of this method? What is special about...? How does... work? (问原理概括) 原文特点：列举了某个事物、技术或方法的若干具体表现或步骤。 概括关键：提炼出这些具体表现背后的共同特点、核心优势或运作逻辑。 4. 对段落主旨或段落中多个细节的共同点进行概括 设问方式：What is this paragraph mainly about? What do the examples in Paragraph 2 have in common? 原文特点：一个段落中包含多个并列的例子、数据或事实。 概括关键：找到一根能串起所有这些细节的“主线”或“上位概念”。 三大干扰项设计陷阱 以偏概全：只概括了部分细节，漏掉了其他重要信息。 表面信息：直接复述原文中的某个具体事实，没有进行概括提升。 过度推断：概括的内容超出了原文依据的范围，加入了个人想象或常识。 高效解题心法：三步走 精准定位，划出相关句：根据题干，找到所有相关的句子。概括信息题的信息点通常是集中的。 提取“关键词”，分析其关系：问自己：这些句子在讲“谁”？在“做什么”？这些动作或事实有什么共同点？用一个更抽象的词语或短语来替换它们。 比对选项，选择“上位概念”： 正确选项：通常是含义更广、更抽象的“上位概念词”(如将“跑步、游泳、瑜伽”概括为“锻炼”)。 错误选项：常常是含义更具体的“下位事例”或原文的碎片信息。 【思维导图】 【典例4】(2023全国乙卷, A) PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789—1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461—1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. (她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813 (她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. (Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业)”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。 (建议用时：40分钟) 【类型一：高考真题细节理解题片段训练】 【片段01】(2024新课标I卷第23题) AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent / guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。 【片段02】( 2023·新高考Ⅱ卷第23题) 　　Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10) 　　Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 　　6/19—Waterfalls&Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 　　7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 23.Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Photography Workshops部分的“7/10 — Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”可知，7月10日摄影研讨会的参与者将在Washburn Trailhead集合。故选B。 【片段03】(2024新课标I卷第24题) “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句话“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. (如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。 【片段04】(2023新课标Ⅱ卷第24题) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. 24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.”可知，Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts项目的发起人之一。故选D。 【片段05】(2022全国乙卷第22题) Exhibition Times Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45 Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission £4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. 22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16. 【答案】B　 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的信息可知，参观者为一对夫妇外加两个十二岁以下的孩子，再根据Admission中的内容可知，一名成年人可带十二岁以下儿童参观，儿童免费，成年人一位需要花费4英镑，两个大人是8英镑。故选B项。 【类型二：高考真题细节理解题语篇训练】 (2026年1月浙江高考首考 A) The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs at the Beachway in conjunction with the Ontario Culture Days. This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers to create artwork that will be displayed on temporary signs along the multi-use path. This call is open to Burlington-based artists and is open to all art forms that can be presented in a sign format. This includes, but is not limited to: visual art, graphic art, photography, poetry, short story, non-fiction, etc. Submissions may be from existing or newly created work. The artist fee for this project is $ 400. The City of Burlington will pay for all costs related to the production, installation (安装) and maintenance of the signs. Estimated Project Timeline August2 Call for Artists responses due By August 12 Successful artists selected; enter into a con tract with the City of Burlington September6 Final artwork files due September 23-October 13 Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch (草图) of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 21. What is the purpose of this text? A. To raise money for local artists. B. To release a collection of artwork. C. To introduce a cultural festival. D. To call for artworks for a project. 22. How long will the public art signs be on display? A. Ten days. B. Three weeks. C. One month. D. Two months. 23. Which of the following meets the application requirements? A. A 150-word poem. B. A 100-word self-introduction. C. A 300-word story. D. A 200-word artwork statement. 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 21. 主旨大意题。根据第一段 “The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs... This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers... This call is open to Burlington-based artists...”(伯灵顿市公共艺术项目正配合 “安大略文化日” 在湖滨大道展示一系列临时公共艺术标牌。该项目将选拔10位视觉艺术家和10位作家，创作将在多用途路径沿线的临时标牌上展示的作品。此征集活动面向居住在伯灵顿的艺术家开放……)以及下文提到的申请要求可知，这篇文章的主要目的是为一个艺术项目征集作品。故选 D。 22. 细节理解题。根据时间表(Estimated Project Timeline)中的最后一行 “September 23 – October 13: Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration”(9月23日至10月13日：作品在文化日庆祝活动期间展出)计算可知，从9月23日到9月30日是8天，10月1日到10月13日是13天，总计21天，即三周(Three weeks)。故选 B。 23. 细节理解题。根据 “Application Package” 部分的要求：“Artwork Statement: maximum 150 words”(艺术说明：最多150词)；“Writing Submission: maximum 250 words”(文字作品：最多250词)；“Artist Biography: maximum 50 words”(艺术家简介：最多50词)。对比选项：A 项 “150词的诗歌” 属于文字作品，符合不超过250词的要求，正确；B项 “100词的简介” 超过了50词的要求；C项 “300词的故事” 超过了250词的要求；D项“200词的艺术说明”超过了150词的要求。故选 A。 (2025全国高考II卷 C) When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 【答案】28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：她的生意火爆，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 29. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” (Knuth表示：“在有植物的环境中学习的学生，其学业表现要优于在没有植物的教室中学习的学生。”“这种生产力的提升同样适用于成年人的职场环境。我们的研究表明，在植物丰富的办公场所工作的人，其病假率降低了30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低30%。因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 30. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 31. 主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood(植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 【类型三：推理判断题名校好题调研】 【调研1】(25-26高三上·江苏盐城·月考)For decades mercury (汞) has been settling into lakes and oceans, where it turns into methylmercury — a poisonous substance that sticks to fish and everything that eats them, humans included. Methylmercury poisoning, which can damage the nervous system, “always seemed like such a difficult thing to deal with,” says Kate Tepper, a postdoctoral researcher at Australia’s Macquarie University. To try to solve this problem, Tepper and her colleagues genetically engineered zebra fish and fruit flies so that the organisms can change methylmercury into the less harmful elemental mercury, which leaves the body as a gas. The researchers injected zebra fish and fruit fly embryos (胚胎) with Escherichia coli (大肠杆菌) genes that produce a conversion enzyme (转化酶). As the scientists report in Nature Communications, the modified zebra fish contained 64 percent less mercury than unmodified ones, and the fruit flies had 83 percent less. Tepper says that the small, mercury-resistant fish could serve as a self-purifying foundation for the food chain, protecting larger fish, birds and humans that eat them. Modified insects, meanwhile, could remove mercury from the environment by eating waste. Robert Mason, a marine scientist at the University of Connecticut, says modified animals might reduce methylmercury buildup locally. However, he sees a limitation: even for small-scale cleanups, elemental mercury can change back into methylmercury once it is released into the atmosphere. Tepper thinks the modified zebra fish would ideally be introduced at highly polluted sites. First, though, the researchers need to make sure the modified fish are safe. Tepper proposes eventual field trials in small lakes so that scientists can test for unintended ecological effects in a controlled setting. Such trials are years away. However, Tepper believes someday, we could use similar methods to clean up other pollutants, like microplastics and chemicals.” This shows we can use animals to clean up pollution,” she says. “Potentially we could use this for a lot of pollutants.” 1. What does the author intend to show through paragraph 1? A. The worldwide mercury pollution problem. B. The difficulty in detecting mercury in water. C. The motivation behind dealing with mercury pollution. D. The important discovery of methylmercury poisoning. 2. What can we learn about the genetically modified zebra fish? A. They can reduce mercury in the food chain. B. They can produce more conversion enzymes. C. They are more useful than modified fruit flies. D. They are more attractive to animals that eat them. 3. What does Robert Mason say about the genetically modified animals? A. They might bring about more harm than good. B. They might not do much to cut mercury pollution. C. They are more cost-effective than existing methods. D. They should be put to good use immediately. 4. How does Tepper feel about their new way to remove mercury in water? A. Negative. B. Worried. C. Confused. D. Optimistic. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们通过基因工程改造斑马鱼和果蝇，使其能够将有毒的甲基汞转化为危害较小的元素汞，从而减少汞污染对食物链和环境的影响。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Methylmercury poisoning, which can damage the nervous system, “always seemed like such a difficult thing to deal with,” says Kate Tepper, a postdoctoral researcher at Australia’s Macquarie University. (澳大利亚麦考瑞大学的博士后研究员Kate Tepper说，甲基汞中毒会损害神经系统，“这似乎总是件很难处理的事情”。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了甲基汞中毒的危害以及处理它的困难，这为后文介绍科学家们通过基因工程改造生物来处理汞污染提供了动机，即处理汞污染的动机。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Tepper says that the small, mercury-resistant fish could serve as a self-purifying foundation for the food chain, protecting larger fish, birds and humans that eat them. (Tepper说，这种体型小、抗汞的鱼可以作为食物链的自我净化基础，保护吃它们的大型鱼类、鸟类和人类。)”可知，基因改造的斑马鱼可以减少食物链中的汞。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Robert Mason, a marine scientist at the University of Connecticut, says modified animals might reduce methylmercury buildup locally. However, he sees a limitation: even for small-scale cleanups, elemental mercury can change back into methylmercury once it is released into the atmosphere. (康涅狄格大学的海洋科学家Robert Mason说，改造后的动物可能会在当地减少甲基汞的积累。然而，他看到了一个限制：即使是小规模的清理，一旦元素汞释放到大气中，它也会变回甲基汞。)”可知，Robert Mason认为基因改造的动物可能对减少汞污染没有多大作用。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, Tepper believes someday, we could use similar methods to clean up other pollutants, like microplastics and chemicals. “This shows we can use animals to clean up pollution,” she says. “Potentially we could use this for a lot of pollutants.” (然而，Tepper相信有一天，我们可以使用类似的方法来清理其他污染物，比如微塑料和化学物质。“这表明我们可以用动物来清理污染，”她说。“我们有可能用这种方法来处理很多污染物。”)”可知，Tepper对他们去除水中汞的新方法持乐观的态度。故选D。 【调研2】(25-26高三上·湖南长沙)It is widely acknowledged that crows are highly intelligent with cognitive abilities similar to those of 5-to-7-year-old children. Past research shows that they can count to four and distinguish human voices and faces, and some species can even create tools for future use. Lately, a special study has expanded this list further, revealing that crows can recognize basic geometric features, such as side lengths, parallel lines, and right angles, and tell apart shapes like stars, crescents, squares, and irregular four-sided figures. With the purpose of testing the crows’ geometric skills, scientists showed two crows six shapes on a digital screen and trained them to peck (啄) at the outlier—the shape that looked different from the rest. When the birds chose correctly, they were rewarded with a tasty snack. At first, the researchers made the outlier obvious, such as one flower among five crescents. As the birds got used to the task, the shapes became more similar including squares and irregular four- sided figures. Despite the increasing difficulty, the crows continued to identify the outlier correctly. The shape recognition ability of crows remains a topic of interest for researchers. They suspect this ability may help them with navigation as they fly around. The birds may have also developed this ability to help them search for food or identify other individual crows — including potential mates — based on their facial features. “All these abilities, at the end of the day, from a biological point of view, have evolved because they provide a survival advantage or a reproductive advantage,” says study senior author Andreas Nieder, a neurophysiologist at the University of Tübingen in Germany. In the future, researchers hope to explore which areas of the birds’ brains are responsible for their exceptional ability in geometry. Birds don’t have a cerebral cortex (大脑皮层)—at least, not in the same way that humans do. But for us, that part of the brain is responsible for thinking and other complex functions. Crows still have these abilities, so the researchers assume there must be something else going on inside their heads. “Obviously, evolution found two different ways of giving rise to behaviorally flexible animals,” Nieder says. 1. What does the recent study reveal about crows? A. They can draw simple figures with tools. B. They can distinguish between basic shapes in geometry. C. They can do easy math calculations. D. They can recognize human voices and faces. 2. How did the researchers increase the difficulty of the shape- recognition task? A. By shortening the time for the crows to respond. B. By presenting more familiar shapes on the screen. C. By showing the figures with different colors. D. By enhancing the similarity among the shapes. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The role of crows’ geometric potential in navigation. B. Reasons for crows to evolve shape identification abilities. C. Survival benefits of crows’ cognitive talents. D. The advantages of crows’ food-searching skills over other birds. 4. What is the follow-up step for future study? A. Investigating crows’ brain areas related to geometric skills. B. Comparing the cerebral cortex of humans and crows. C. Exploring other complex functions of crows’ brains. D. Studying the causes of crows’ flexible behaviors. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了乌鸦在几何图形识别方面的天赋并分析乌鸦进化出形状识别能力的原因。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Lately, a special study has expanded this list further, revealing that crows can recognize basic geometric features, such as side lengths, parallel lines, and right angles, and tell apart shapes like stars, crescents, squares, and irregular four-sided figures.(最近，一项特别的研究进一步扩充了这一能力清单，揭示乌鸦能够识别基本的几何特征，比如边长、平行线和直角，还能区分星形、新月形、正方形以及不规则四边形等形状。)”可知，最近的研究揭示了乌鸦能区分几何中的基本形状。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At first, the researchers made the outlier obvious, such as one flower among five crescents. As the birds got used to the task, the shapes became more similar including squares and irregular four- sided figures. Despite the increasing difficulty, the crows continued to identify the outlier correctly.(起初，研究人员让异类形状十分明显，比如五个新月形中混入一个花朵形状。随着鸟儿逐渐适应这项任务，展示的形状变得更为相似，包括正方形和不规则四边形。尽管难度不断增加，乌鸦仍能持续正确地识别出异类。)”可知，研究人员是通过增加图形之间的相似性来提高任务的难度。故选D。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The birds may have also developed this ability to help them search for food or identify other individual crows — including potential mates—based on their facial features. “All these abilities, at the end of the day, from a biological point of view, have evolved because they provide a survival advantage or a reproductive advantage,” says study senior author Andreas Nieder, a neurophysiologist at the University of Tübingen in Germany.(这些鸟类或许也进化出了这种能力，以便帮助它们寻找食物或识别其他乌鸦——包括潜在的配偶——的方法就是依据它们的面部特征。该研究的资深作者、德国图宾根大学的神经生理学家安德烈亚斯·尼德尔说：“从生物学的角度来看，所有这些能力之所以进化出来，是因为它们能带来生存优势或繁殖优势。”)”等内容可知，第三段主要分析了乌鸦进化出形状识别能力的原因。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the future, researchers hope to explore which areas of the birds’ brains are responsible for their exceptional ability in geometry.(未来，研究人员希望探究鸟类大脑中哪些区域负责它们卓越的几何能力。)”可知，未来研究的后续步骤是调查与几何技能相关的乌鸦大脑区域。故选A。 (建议用时：30分钟) 【抢分练1】(25-26高三上·湖南长沙) For 11-year-old chess talent Reyaansh Chakrabarty, the Netflix show The Queen’s Gambit (《后翼弃兵》) started his love for chess. During the pandemic (流行病), he watched the show, which aroused his interest in chess. From Western Sydney, Reyaansh, a FIDE master with a 2346 classical rating, has excited Australia’s chess world. Australian Chess Federation’s Paul Power said that Reyaansh shows great promise at a young age, adding that Australia has only 10 Grandmasters (GMs) worldwide and that though it’s hard to predict, Reyaansh is on the right way to possibly get a GM title, which would be a great honor for Australia. Reyaansh wants to do more than become a Grandmaster — he dreams of being world champion. Though it’s a huge goal, he focuses on improving step by step. As a Year 6 student, he trains five hours each day and eight hours on weekends. His school supports his chess by giving less homework, but he still puts his studies first. He practices tactics and openings strictly, looking for mistakes in his games, and has face-to-face classes with Polish GM Jacek Stopa at the Sydney Chess Academy. Reyaansh said that Stopa teaches him the careful preparation needed for the GM level and that the puzzles he gives are very hard, making him tired after each class. Reyaansh has already beaten GMs, including Australian player Darryl Johansen in Melbourne. His first GM win happened when his opponent blundered in a game that was going to end in a draw. He has played in countries like Norway and Singapore and balances chess with reading books by JK Rowling and Dog Man comics. When talking about what makes chess special, Reyaansh pointed out the game’s intensity, saying that even a game played perfectly can be lost with one mistake. Mr. Power saw more young players joining in, saying the lively interest among primary students is refreshing. Reyaansh’s main advice for others is to find love for the game, because without it, one would get bored. 1. What drew Reyaansh’s interest in chess? A. A pandemic-related activity. B. A fictional character’s story. C. A family tradition. D. A local chess competition. 2. What excited Australia’s chess world? A. Reyaansh’s high rating. B. Reyaansh’s love for chess. C. Reyaansh’s young age D. Reyaansh’s victory in Melbourne. 3. What can we infer about Reyaansh from paragraph 3? A. He prioritizes chess over schoolwork. B. He trains more on weekdays than weekends. C. He follows a strict daily routine. D. He gets tired of long-hour practice. 4. What does the underlined word “blundered” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Made a mistake. B. Gave up easily. C. Showed confidence. D. Got special permits. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了11岁国际象棋天才Reyaansh Chakrabarty受剧集启发爱上象棋，坚持刻苦训练、立志冲击世界冠军的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“For 11-year-old chess talent Reyaansh Chakrabarty, the Netflix show The Queen’s Gambit (《后翼弃兵》) started his love for chess. During the pandemic (流行病), he watched the show, which aroused his interest in chess.(对于11岁的国际象棋天才Reyaansh Chakrabarty而言，网飞剧集《后翼弃兵》点燃了他对国际象棋的热爱。疫情期间，他观看了这部剧集，从此便对国际象棋产生了浓厚的兴趣。)”可知，是网飞剧集《后翼弃兵》唤起了Reyaansh Chakrabarty对国际象棋的兴趣，这部剧集讲述的是虚构人物的故事。即虚构人物的故事引起了Reyaansh对国际象棋的兴趣。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“From Western Sydney, Reyaansh, a FIDE master with a 2346 classical rating, has excited Australia’s chess world.(来自悉尼西部的Reyaansh，是国际棋联大师，古典等级分高达2346分，早已惊艳了澳大利亚国际象棋界。)”可知，Reyaansh Chakrabarty以国际棋联大师的身份和2346的古典等级分，惊艳了澳大利亚国际象棋界。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Reyaansh wants to do more than become a Grandmaster — he dreams of being world champion. Though it’s a huge goal, he focuses on improving step by step. As a Year 6 student, he trains five hours each day and eight hours on weekends. His school supports his chess by giving less homework, but he still puts his studies first.(Reyaansh的目标不止于成为特级大师，他梦想着问鼎世界冠军。尽管这是一个宏伟的目标，但他专注于脚踏实地、循序渐进地提升自我。作为一名六年级学生，他每天坚持训练五小时，周末的训练时长更是达到八小时。学校为了支持他的国际象棋之路，特意为他减少了家庭作业量，但他始终将学业放在首位。)”可知，Reyaansh有着规律且固定的训练时长安排，能看出他遵循严格的日常作息。故选C。 4. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“His first GM win happened when his opponent blundered in a game that was going to end in a draw.(他的首次特级大师胜绩，源于对手在一场本将以平局收场的对局中……。)”可知，这场比赛原本即将以平局收场，正是因为对手出现了失误，他才拿下了对阵特级大师的首胜。由此推断“blundered”的意思是犯错误。选项A“make a mistake”，意为“犯错误”，与此相符。故选A。 【抢分练2】(2026·浙江杭州·模拟预测)For years, as an art influencer, I lived online, documenting all aspects of my life and desiring more followers on Instagram. A constant panic over lost connections the emptiness of endless scrolling, and a nearly missed car accident left me feeling drained. Overwhelmed, I deactivated my account and bought an old Nokia. Then, everything changed. Only after giving up my smartphone did I realize how distracted and anxious I had become. Withdrawal was difficult, but as months passed, subtle changes accumulated. When the Internet wasn’t immediately accessible, the urge to use it faded away, and parts of me that had been buried under years of digital noise surfaced. Without endless scrolling, hours have returned to me. I can use the otherwise screen time to be healthy or productive, but I can also use it to appreciate the lost art of idleness. I spend a good part of the day just leafing through magazines, drinking cups of tea, poking clumsily at the piano. I don’t believe it is possible to waste time when I am fully present. Staying in touch has proved easier than expected. My dumbphone still allows calls and texts, and most online — messaging tools are available on my computer. It turns out that the only people I really need to contact on the go are those I am working with. What time will you be there? or I’m running late — that’s urgent information. Some interactions, such as group chats, messages to friends and family abroad might feel urgent, but once I step away from them, I realize that the sense of urgency is a product of software engineering, my own anxiety, or a combination. It has been years since I downgraded. I now carry a film camera instead of a smartphone, and the deliberate act of taking photos brings me genuine joy. When people ask whether I miss my smartphone, I think back to the height of my addiction. I was constantly online, yet rarely present. How could I miss that time? I was hardly even there. 1. What led the author to deactivate his Instagram account? A. A loss of connections. B. A sense of personal burnout. C. A near miss of an accident. D. A decline of online followers. 2. Which best describes the author’s life in paragraph 2? A. Absorbed in new hobbies. B. Stuck in digital withdrawal. C. Focused on quality moments. D. Built on health and productivity. 3. What does the author realize after shifting to the dumbphone? A. He has to rely on computers. B. Real-time contact is much needed. C. Close relationships are hard to maintain. D. The sense of urgency is overemphasized. 4. What does the author’s experience show? A. Stopping scrolling, restoring health. B. Quitting Instagram, embracing possibility. C. Downgrading devices, upgrading presence. D. Dropping smartphone, recognizing urgency. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者曾因沉迷Instagram而焦虑疲惫，于是停用账号，使用老式手机。他发现摆脱数字干扰后，生活更有条理，能享受闲暇时光，并重新发现生活的乐趣。作者感悟到，减少屏幕使用、提升专注度是改善生活质量的关键。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A constant panic over lost connections, the emptiness of endless scrolling, and a nearly missed car accident left me feeling drained. Overwhelmed, I deactivated my account and bought an old Nokia.(对失去联系的持续恐慌、无休止的滚动带来的空虚感，以及险些遭遇的车祸，都让我感到筋疲力尽。不堪重负，我停用了我的账户，买了一部老诺基亚手机。)”可知，作者因为感到个人疲惫不堪，包括对失去联系的恐慌、无休止刷屏的空虚感以及差点发生车祸的经历，所以决定停用Instagram账号。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Without endless scrolling, hours have returned to me. I can use the otherwise screen time to be healthy or productive, but I can also use it to appreciate the lost art of idleness. I spend a good part of the day just leafing through magazines, drinking cups of tea, poking clumsily at the piano.(没有了无休止的滚动，时间又回到了我身边。我可以利用原本用于刷屏的时间来保持健康或提高效率，但我也可以用它来欣赏已经失传的闲暇艺术。我一天中的大部分时间都花在翻阅杂志、喝茶、笨拙地弹钢琴上。)”可知，作者现在的生活更注重质量时刻，比如翻阅杂志、喝茶、弹钢琴等，享受闲暇时光，而不是被数字设备所占据。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Some interactions, such as group chats, messages to friends and family abroad might feel urgent, but once I step away from them, I realize that the sense of urgency is a product of software engineering, my own anxiety, or a combination.(一些互动，比如群聊、给国外朋友和家人的信息，可能会让人觉得很紧急，但一旦我远离它们，我就会意识到这种紧迫感是软件工程、我自己的焦虑，或者两者的结合所造成的。)”可知，作者在换用非智能手机后意识到，许多原本感觉紧急的互动其实是被过度强调了紧迫感，这种紧迫感可能源于软件设计或个人焦虑。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I now carry a film camera instead of a smartphone, and the deliberate act of taking photos brings me genuine joy. When people ask whether I miss my smartphone, I think back to the height of my addiction. I was constantly online, yet rarely present. How could I miss that time? I was hardly even there.(我现在带的是胶片相机而不是智能手机，刻意拍照的行为给我带来了真正的快乐。当人们问我是否想念我的智能手机时，我会回想起我上瘾最严重的时候。我一直在网上，但很少出现在现场。我怎么会想念那段时光呢？我几乎都不在那里。)”可知，作者通过降低设备等级(从智能手机到非智能手机、胶片相机)，提升了在现实生活中的存在感和体验质量，享受到了真正的快乐。因此，作者的经历表明降低设备等级可以提升现实生活的体验。故选C项。 【抢分练3】(2026年1月浙江高考首考 B) When you’re a teacher, a big part of your job is battling student misconceptions. Often students come to the classroom believing that learning can’t be fun and that what they learn isn’t relevant to the real world --- much less to their personal interests. I’ve discovered that if I show students how what they learn is relevant to my hobbies, they’re much more willing to make connections to their personal interests and develop their own hobbies. No matter what subject I’m teaching, I find ways to bring my hobbies into the classroom. For example, I’m a car enthusiast, so when I teach physics, I contextualize concepts with my knowledge about cars. If we’re covering friction, for example, I bring different tires (轮胎) into my classroom so that my students can conduct lab experiments with them to see how friction works in real-life applications. When I first brought my hobbies to my classroom, I was focused on how doing so would build engagement and help my students understand concepts in science. But I quickly learned that the practice also helped me build stronger relationships with them. When I let them see an aspect of my life outside of school, some students who were also interested in cars connected with me more and became more engaged in my courses. Even those who didn’t share that interest with me seemed more engaged once I showed a different side of myself. What started as an experiment is now more of a philosophy. Even when I’m planning classes, I tend to think about how I can bring in my hobbies. I find that doing so energizes my instruction, engages my students, and demonstrates to them how abstract concepts play out in the real world. Best of all, my passion for my hobbies seems to inspire them to be passionate about finding their own. 24. What poses a challenge to teachers according to the author? A. Students’ misunderstandings about teachers. B. Students’ false assumptions about learning. C. The irrelevance of textbooks to students’ life. D. The gap between teachers’ and students’ hobbies. 25. Why does the author bring tires into the classroom? A. To teach an engineering skill. B. To explain the structure of a car. C. To share a real-life experience. D. To illustrate a scientific concept. 26. What was the unexpected outcome of the author’s teaching method? A. A higher class attendance rate. B. Better examination results. C. A closer teacher-student bond. D. More spare time for students. 27. Which of the following best describes the author as a teacher? A. Innovative. B. Humorous. C. Decisive. D. Sympathetic. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 【导语】当学生认为学习枯燥无用，一位教师用独特方法破除了迷思：他将汽车爱好融入物理课堂，用轮胎讲解摩擦力。这不仅是教学创新，更构建了师生情感联结。当教师展示课堂外的热爱，抽象知识便活了起来——它在唤醒学习热情的同时，也激励学生寻找属于自己的兴趣，让教育成为一场双向奔赴的成长。 24. 细节理解题。从第一段“Often students come to the classroom believing that learning can’t be fun and that what they learn isn’t relevant to the real world — much less to their personal interests.”(学生们经常带着这样一种观念来到教室：学习不可能是有趣的，而且他们所学的东西与现实世界无关，更不用说与他们的个人兴趣有关了。)可知，学生对学习持有错误的假设(不认为学习是有趣的或相关的)，这给教师带来了挑战。故选 B。 25. 细节理解题。从第二段 “...so when I teach physics, I contextualize concepts with my knowledge about cars. If we’re covering friction, for example, I bring different tires (轮胎) into my classroom so that my students can conduct lab experiments with them to see how friction works in real-life applications.”(…… 所以当我教授物理时，我会利用我关于汽车的知识将概念情境化。例如，如果我们正在学习摩擦力，我会把不同的轮胎带到教室里，这样我的学生就可以用它们进行实验，看看摩擦力在现实生活中的应用。)可知，作者带轮胎进教室是为了通过实验来阐释“摩擦力”这一科学概念。故选D。 26. 细节理解题。从第三段“When I first brought my hobbies to my classroom, I was focused on how doing so would build engagement... But I quickly learned that the practice also helped me build stronger relationships with them.”(当我第一次把我的爱好带进教室时，我关注的是这样做如何能提高参与度…… 但我很快了解到，这种做法还帮助我与学生建立了更牢固的关系。)可知，除了提高参与度外，意外的收获是增强了师生之间的纽带。故选 C。 27.推理判断题。通过全文可知，作者不拘泥于传统的教学方式，而是将自己的个人爱好(如汽车)与物理教学相结合，通过带轮胎进教室实验等新颖的方式激发学生的兴趣，并建立师生关系。最后一段提到“What started as an experiment is now more of a philosophy... I find that doing so energizes my instruction...”(起初的一次实验现在更多地成为了一种哲学…… 我发现这样做为我的教学注入了活力……)。这种勇于尝试新方法、将抽象概念具体化的教学风格体现了作者是一位具有创新精神的教师。故选 A。 【抢分练4】(2025高考北京卷 A) Join us for TransForm, the interactive summer camp that helps you teens find your passion by participating in various activities and connecting with others. Experience TransForm TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences. However, if you are unsure what track you want, you still get to explore any workshop you want as part of our Explore Workshops. Besides, your parents will also be able to participate in workshops selected just for them to learn about cutting-edge science. Schedule of Programming 17 July Time Activities 14:00-15:00 Lead to Change Kick-off 15:00-16:30 Programme Showcase 16:30-18:00 Track Workshops 18 July Time Activities 9:30-11:00 Career Fireside Chats 13:00-14:15 Youth Panel 14:15-16:20 Track Keynotes 19 July Time Activities 8:00-12:00 Off-site Experiences 13:00-15:00 Gallery Viewing 15:15-16:45 Adult Workshops 20 July Time Activities 9:00-11:15 Explore Workshops 13:30-16:00 Keynote Speech 16:15-17:00 Celebration Programming Tracks ·Agricultural Science: Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture ·Community Booster: Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities ·Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles ·Science Lab: Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics. 21. TransForm allows the teens to ____________. A. select workshops for their parents B. prepare track topics for the camp C. design programme activities D. attend hands-on sessions 22. According to the schedule, which activity can the teens participate in? A. Keynote Speech on 17 July. B. Youth Panel on 18 July. C. Celebration on 19 July. D. Programme Showcase on 20 July. 23. What can the teens do in the Programming Tracks? A. Build urban communities. B. Serve as guides on a farm. C. Learn about healthy living. D. Volunteer in a science lab. 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了青少年互动夏令营 TransForm 的相关信息，包括活动体验、日程安排以及课程方向等内容。 21. 细节理解题。根据“Experience TransForm”部分“TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences.(TransForm 让你通过主题演讲、实践工作坊和实地体验，专注于你选择的方向)” 可知，TransForm 允许青少年参加实践课程。故选D。 22. 细节理解题。根据“Schedule of Programming”中的安排，18 July的活动安排里有“13:00 - 14:15 Youth Panel (13:00 - 14:15 青少年小组讨论)”，所以青少年可以在 18 日参加青少年小组讨论活动。故选B。 23. 细节理解题。根据“Programming Tracks”部分“Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles(健康生活：让你在营养和心理健康等方面做出健康的决定，并引领健康的生活方式)” 可知，青少年在Programming Tracks中可以学习关于健康生活的知识。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $