重难点14 阅读理解之四大常考语篇类型（重难专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点14 阅读理解之四大常考语篇类型(综合练) ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 高考阅读理解备考核心策略： 从纷繁的题型中识别出最具区分度和难度的核心考查方向，并进行针对性突破。 根据近年全国卷及新高考卷的命题趋势，高考英语阅读理解的核心考查方向可以总结为： 文本理解深度化——由“信息查找”转向“意义建构” ； 信息处理复杂化——由“单一定位”转向“综合处理” ； 选题素材现实化与跨学科化——由“通用话题”转向“真实语篇” ； 思维考查批判化——由“被动接受”转向“主动审视” 。 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 瓦 解“主旨大意与标题”难 点——【俯瞰全局法】 2. 瓦解 “推理判断题”难 点——【逻辑锚定法】 3. 瓦解 “词义猜测题”难 点——【语境破译法】 4. 瓦解 “观点态度题”难 点——【情感词汇探测器】 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 4 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 4 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 【考点统计】 2021-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025全国高考I卷 7 1 6 1 2025全国高考II卷 8 1 4 2 2025高考浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 2021新高考I卷 8 1 4 2 2021新高考II卷 11 1 2 1 【命题趋势】 2026年高考英语阅读理解的核心命题趋势可总结为：以“立德树人”为根本任务，依托“三大主题语境”，从“考查知识”转向“考查素养”。 趋势维度 核心特征 具体表现与备考要点 选材内容 聚焦三大主题，强化价值引领 1. 讲述中国智慧： 语篇会巧妙融合传统文化(如围棋)、当代发展(如绿色能源)与科技进步，体现文化自信。 2. 探讨全球议题：涉及气候变化、生态保护等人类命运共同体话题，考查多视角分析能力。 3. 关注成长发展：围绕人与自我、社会、自然，选取贴近生活的故事，启迪积极人生态度。 能力考查 强调深度阅读与高阶思维 1. 文本真实多元：材料多直接选自外刊、网站、科普读物等，体裁包括论述文、报告、书评等。 2. 语言难度体现在语境：长难句、逻辑衔接词是理解关键。熟词生义、一词多义现象普遍，需结合语境判断。 文本与语言 选用真实语篇，突出语境运用 1. 文本真实多元：材料多直接选自外刊、网站、科普读物等，体裁包括论述文、报告、书评等。 2. 语言难度体现在语境：长难句、逻辑衔接词是理解关键。熟词生义、一词多义现象普遍，需结合语境判断。 题型设计 稳中有变，融合创新 1. 核心题型稳定：细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测等仍是基础。 2. 考查方式更灵活：可能融入简易图表等非连续文本，考查多模态信息处理能力。 【备考策略建议】 基于以上趋势，你的复习可以从以下几方面着手：研究真题，把握脉搏：精做近3-5年高考真题，分析文章话题、出题角度和选项陷阱，感知命题规律。广泛阅读，拓宽视野：有意识选取涉及三大主题、来源地道的文章进行泛读，提升语感与背景知识储备。 强化思维，精准训练：练习时多问“作者为什么这样写”，总结不同体裁文章的结构特点。对于错题，重点分析错误选项的干扰方式和自己的思维偏差。夯实词汇，注重活用：在语境中记忆词汇，尤其关注高频词的熟词生义和与主题相关的词块。 【思维导图】 【类型一：阅读理解之应用文】 【设题特点】 应用文具有明确的设题特点，掌握这些规律能有效提升解题效率和准确率。以下从选材特点、命题形式和解题策略三个维度解析： 一、选材特点 真实实用：选自日常生活场景，如海报、公告、广告、指南、通知、书信等。 信息结构化：文本常采用分点、表格、加粗、小标题等形式突出关键信息。 语言简洁明确：用词直接，多使用祈使句、缩写和固定表达，避免文学性修饰。 二、命题形式与考点 细节理解题(高频)---直接查找型：如活动时间、地点、价格、联系方式等。 技巧：定位关键词，注意同义替换。 目的意图题---考查文本功能：通知、邀请、宣传、警告等。 技巧：关注标题、首尾段及语气词。 推理判断题---需结合信息推断隐含内容：如作者态度、目标读者、后续步骤等。 技巧：分析用语风格(正式/随意)和内容针对性。 词义猜测题---结合语境理解特定词汇或短语。 技巧：通过上下文解释或生活常识推断。 三、解题策略三步法 速读结构：先读标题、小标题、首尾句，快速把握文本框架和目的。 题文对应：题干关键词定位原文，注意选项中的“偷换概念”(如部分信息正确但主体错误)。 排除干扰：警惕“绝对化”表述(如all, never)。忽略无关细节，聚焦答题所需信息。 【典例1】(25-26高三上·江苏南京) Christmas is coming. Seasonal favorites and sure-to-sell-out gifts are going fast, but there’s still time to grab these holiday must-haves before they’re gone. Eye Stones $30.00 Made from Finnish soapstone that’s more than two billion years old, these stone disks bring tired eyes relief from long hours at the computer or itchiness due to seasonal allergies. Chill them in the refrigerator and apply on or under your eyes for a rock-solid spa treatment at home. Made in Finland. Scratch the Belly Nail Files $20.00 Who can resist giving a good tummy scratch to a sweet puppy or kitten? With this super-adorable addition to any animal lover’s manicure (美甲) set, you can enjoy that soul-satisfying activity anytime, while keeping your nails in perfect (dare we say paw-fect?) condition. Made in China. Foot Sole Massage (按摩) $50.00 This rock-and-roll massage set will be music to your feet. A way to give yourself an effective foot massage, the smooth soapstone balls can be used heated for just a quick few minutes at home to provide relaxation and relief to tired feet.Place one ball at a time in the cork base and, while sitting,massage the most tender points of the soles of your feet.Made in Finland. Kazoo That Christmas Tune $25.00 Add some friendly competition to the holiday season with this multiplayer musical challenge. Using the included kazoos, you’ll sing through 100 classic and modern festive songs to get your teammates to identify the melody and earn points. Best of all, you don’t need any musical talent, singing skills, or memorization of the lyrics. Made in China. Shipping & Returns Usually ships within 24 hours. Shipping outside of the U.S.? You will be quoted a specific delivery timeframe at checkout, based on your destination country and the available shipping methods. See International FAQ for more information. Need to return? Free returns are accepted forever — no time limits. Within 30 days of delivery, refunds (退) to the original payment method will be available. After 30days, refunds will be processed to a digital gift card. All items are refundable unless damaged or faulty. See our return policy for more details. 1. What do Eye Stones and Scratch the Belly Nail Files have in common? A. They are intended for personal body care. B. They are made from natural materials in Finland. C. They combine practical use with a high-tech design. D. They are targeted at people in need of medical treatment. 2. Which of the following can be the most suitable gift for family entertainment? A. Eye Stones. B. Scratch the Belly Nail Files. C. Foot Sole Massage. D. Kazoo That Christmas Tune. 3. What can we learn about the return policy? A. Return policy does not cover international orders. B. The company offers unconditional refund on products. C. A digital gift card will be given as a refund after 30 days. D. All returns will be refunded to the original payment method. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款适合圣诞节的热门礼物，包括其功能、价格、产地等信息，并说明了产品的配送和退换货政策。 1. 细节理解题。根据Eye Stones部分中“these stone disks bring tired eyes relief from long hours at the computer or itchiness due to seasonal allergies. Chill them in the refrigerator and apply on or under your eyes for a rock-solid spa treatment at home. (这些石盘能缓解因长时间使用电脑而疲惫的双眼，也能减轻因季节性过敏引起的眼部瘙痒。将它们放在冰箱里冷藏后，敷在眼上或眼下，在家就能享受一次实实在在的水疗护理)”和Scratch the Belly Nail Files部分中“With this super-adorable addition to any animal lover’s manicure (美甲) set, you can enjoy that soul-satisfying activity anytime, while keeping your nails in perfect (dare we say paw-fect?) condition. (有了这个超级可爱的动物爱好者美甲套装，你随时都能享受这项令人心旷神怡的活动，同时还能让你的指甲保持完美状态(我们斗胆说一句，是“爪”完美吧？)。)”可知，Eye Stones可以缓解眼睛疲劳，Scratch the Belly Nail Files可以护理指甲，它们的共同点是都用于个人身体护理。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据Kazoo That Christmas Tune部分中“Add some friendly competition to the holiday season with this multiplayer musical challenge. Using the included kazoos, you’ll sing through 100 classic and modern festive songs to get your teammates to identify the melody and earn points. (这个多人音乐挑战为假日季增添了一些友好的竞争氛围。借助随附的卡祖笛，你将哼唱100首经典和现代的节日歌曲，让队友们识别旋律并得分)”可知，Kazoo That Christmas Tune是一款多人参与的音乐猜歌游戏，是最适合家庭娱乐的礼物。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“After 30 days, refunds will be processed to a digital gift card. (30天后，退款将处理为数字礼品卡)”可知，30天后退款将以数字礼品卡的形式处理。故选C项。 【典例2】(2025 全国高考英语I卷 A) The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. CARS — Batteries Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge. TRAINS — Electricity Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. TRUCKS — Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive. SHIPS — Liquid ammonia Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign. This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A. Planes. B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships. 23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. 【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比，以及飞机、汽车等各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% (道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% (道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS — Electricity部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. (一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化；其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中““We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get used,” says Wipke. (Wipke说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)”可知，Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B项。 【类型二：阅读理解之记叙文】 【设题特点】 记叙文是高考英语阅读理解常考文体。其设题特点紧扣“故事”本质，主要围绕情节发展、人物塑造、情感变化和主题寓意这几个核心维度展开。 一、设题核心：聚焦“故事六要素” 题目不会平铺直叙地考查事实，而是围绕记叙文的六要素进行深度理解和推断：人物 (Characters)：特点、关系、情感与动机；情节 (Plot)：事件顺序、关键转折(高潮)、因果逻辑；环境 (Setting)：时间地点背景及其对情节/人物的烘托作用；主题 (Theme)：故事揭示的深层含义、作者意图或人生启示。 二、四大高频题型与设题点 1. 细节理解题 特点：考查对故事具体信息(5W1H)的精准定位。但高考记叙文的细节题常为 “间接信息题” ，需结合上下文理解，不能直接照搬原文。 设问方式： What happened to...? Why did the character do...? How did the character feel when...? 2. 推理判断题(重难点) 特点：答案不直接存在于原文，需要考生根据人物言行、情节发展、环境描写等进行逻辑推导。这是记叙文考查的核心能力。 常见设题点：人物推断：性格、动机、情感变化、相互关系。 情节预测/回推：事件原因、未写明的结果、某情节的隐含意义。 写作意图推断：作者或文中人物某句话、某个举动的目的。 3. 词义/句意猜测题的特点：重点考查在具体语境中理解生词、熟词生义或关键句子的能力。记叙文的语境(情节和情感)为此提供了充分线索。 解题关键：利用上下文情节逻辑、人物情感态度、同义/反义解释或定义进行推断。 4. 主旨大意与标题归纳题 特点：考查对整个故事核心(经历了什么？明白了什么？)的把握。需跳出细节，抓住故事脉络和最终落点。 设问方式： What is the main idea of the passage? What is the best title for the passage? What lesson did the author learn from the experience? 干扰项特征：以偏概全(只概括部分情节)、过度拔高(脱离故事本身的空洞道理)。 三、选项设计常见陷阱 张冠李戴：将发生在A人物/时间的情节，安到B身上。 无中生有：选项内容看似合理，但原文完全未提及。 偷换概念：轻微改动原文关键词，导致意思发生根本改变。 正误参半：前半句正确，后半句错误；或表述绝对化。 肤浅表面：对于主旨题或推断题，选项停留在故事表面，未触及深层情感或主题。 【典例3】(25-26高三上·河北保定·期中) Last September, I drove to a protected wetland near my home in Oakland, California. It was the first time that I had gone somewhere merely to watch birds. Since this unique journey, I’ve seen 452 species, including 307 this year alone. In some birding circles, people claim anyone who looks at birds is a birder. I’ve cared about birds and other animals for my entire life, and I’ve written about them throughout my two decades as a science writer, but I mark the moment when I specifically chose to devote time and energy to them as the moment I became a birder. Birding has significantly increased the time spent outdoors. It has motivated me to explore Oakland in ways I never would have. While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus only on the present, and my head becomes extremely untroubled. I also feel a much deeper connection to the natural world, which I have long written about but always remained slightly distant from. These recent years have taught me that I’m smaller when I’m not actively looking after myself, that I have value for my world and my community beyond ceaseless production, and that pursuits like birding that encourage joy, wonder and bond with places are not sidebars to a fulfilled life but the essence. It’s easy to perceive birding as something you do when you’re not working, not being productive, and even an escape from reality. Instead, for me, birding means absorbing myself in the present moment: my thoughts quiet, my senses heightened, and I respond to real, observable events in nature with focused awareness without being distracted (使分心) by small, unimportant matters. I don’t need to know who the main characters are on social media and what everyone is commenting on them, when I can instead spend an hour trying to locate a rare bird. 1. Why did the author think the journey to the wetland special? A. He protected bird species there. B. He fell in love with birding again. C. He made his true start as a birder. D. He completed his writing during it. 2. What does the underlined word “impervious” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Attentive. B. Subject. C. Resistant. D. Sensitive. 3. What lesson does the author probably learn? A. Outdoor pursuits are a must-have. B. Self-care can help fuel self-worth. C. Happiness serves as the core of life. D. Productivity defines personal value. 4. How does the author view birding according to the last paragraph? A. A complete engagement with reality. B. A temporary escape from busy life. C. A training in focus and observation. D. A substitute for online activities. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. C 4. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去年九月一次偶然的观鸟之旅让他正式成为观鸟者，此后观鸟不仅增加了他的户外时间、让他更亲近自然，还让他领悟到生活的本质，重新认识了观鸟的意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“It was the first time that I had gone somewhere merely to watch birds. Since this unique journey, I’ve seen 452 species, including 307 this year alone. (这是我第一次专门去某个地方观鸟。自从这次特别的旅行后，我已经见过452种鸟类，仅今年就有307种)”及第二段“I’ve cared about birds and other animals for my entire life, and I’ve written about them throughout my two decades as a science writer, but I mark the moment when I specifically chose to devote time and energy to them as the moment I became a birder. (我一生都在关心鸟类和其他动物，在我作为一名科学作家的二十年里，我一直在写关于它们的文章，但我把我特别选择为它们投入时间和精力的那一刻标记为我成为观鸟者的那一时刻)”可知，作者认为这次湿地之旅特别，是因为它让自己真正开启了观鸟者的身份。故选C。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus only on the present, and my head becomes extremely untroubled (观鸟时，我似乎对冷热饥渴都impervious。我的感官只专注于当下，内心变得异常平静)”可知，观鸟时作者专注于当下，不受冷热饥渴的影响，因此“impervious”意为“抵抗的、不受影响的”。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“These recent years have taught me that I’m smaller when I’m not actively looking after myself, that I have value for my world and my community beyond ceaseless production, and that pursuits like birding that encourage joy, wonder and bond with places are not sidebars to a fulfilled life but the essence (这些年我明白了，当我不积极关爱自己时，我会变得渺小；除了无休止的工作产出，我对自己的世界和社区也有价值；而像观鸟这样能带来喜悦、惊奇并与周遭建立联结的追求，并非充实生活的点缀，而是其本质)”可知，作者领悟到能带来快乐的追求是生活的核心，即幸福是生活的核心。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead, for me, birding means absorbing myself in the present moment: my thoughts quiet, my senses heightened, and I respond to real, observable events in nature with focused awareness without being distracted by small, unimportant matters (相反，对我来说，观鸟意味着全身心投入当下：思绪沉静，感官敏锐，我以专注的意识回应自然界中真实可观察的事物，不会被琐碎小事分心)”可知，作者认为观鸟是对现实的全身心投入。故选A。 【典例3】(2025 全国高考英语I卷 B) In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary. C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic. 26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 27. What does the author’s experience show? A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect. 【答案】24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。 24. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——因父母反对她年少的爱情而心碎离世。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 25. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.(大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。 26. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (结果是staggering。学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可知，学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。staggering意为“令人震惊的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing(惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。 27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A. “Teaching is learning (教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。 【类型三：阅读理解之说明文】 【设题特点】 英语阅读理解中的说明文，其设题特点侧重于信息定位、逻辑判断、词义理解和主旨概括等语言应用能力。设题紧扣文章细节与整体，旨在考查考生在英语语境下处理信息、分析问题的综合素养。 以下是高考英语说明文阅读的四大核心设题特点与应对策略： 一、细节理解题：这是占比最高的题型，要求准确查找并理解文中的具体信息。 常见设问方式： According to the passage, what/why/when/how...? Which of the following is (NOT) true? All of the following are mentioned EXCEPT... 特点与策略： 定位是关键：根据题干关键词(人名、地名、数字、专有名词等)迅速定位到原文具体句子或段落。 同义替换是核心：正确答案往往不是原文原词，而是用不同的词语、句型进行同义转述。例如，原文用“responsible for”，选项可能用“is the cause of”。 警惕干扰项：常见干扰项包括：无中生有(文中未提及)、张冠李戴(信息错配)、偷换概念(细节信息被微小改动)、绝对化(使用all, never, always等极端词汇，而原文是often, sometimes)。 二、词义猜测题：考查通过上下文语境推断生词或熟词生义的能力。 常见设问方式： The underlined word “...” in Paragraph X probably means ______. The word “...” could best be replaced by ______. 特点与策略： 上下文线索：定义或解释(is, means, that is, in other words, 破折号、括号等)。举例(such as, for example, like)。同义词/反义词(similarly, likewise; but, however, unlike)。因果关系(because, so, therefore)。生活常识或逻辑推理。 三、推理判断题：要求基于文章已知信息进行合理推断，找到“言外之意”。 常见设问方式： We can infer from the passage that... What is the author’s attitude towards...? The passage is probably taken from... (a science magazine, a news report, etc.) The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to... 特点与策略： 推断必须有据：答案不能是原文明确陈述的事实，也不能是凭空臆想，必须是文章信息逻辑推导出的必然结果。 识别作者观点：注意区分客观事实和作者的主观评价。关注形容词、副词及带有感情色彩的句子。 判断文章来源：根据文章话题(科技、环保、文化等)、语言风格(正式、通俗)和读者对象来判断。 四、主旨大意题：考查对文章整体内容、结构或段落大意的概括能力。 常见设问方式： What is the main idea of the passage? Which of the following is the best title for the passage? What does the passage mainly talk about? 特点与策略： 找主题句：说明文的主题句常出现在首段或尾段，段落主题句常在段首或段尾。高频词提示：反复出现的核心词汇或概念是文章主旨的重要线索。选项特征：最佳标题或主旨应具有概括性(覆盖全文，不偏颇)、针对性(紧扣文章中心，而非某细节)。 【高考英语说明文备考核心建议】 先题后文，定位阅读：先快速浏览题干(不读选项，防干扰)，圈出关键词，再带着问题去原文定位扫描，高效准确。 强化同义替换意识：平时背单词和做练习时，主动积累常见词的同义、近义表达。这是解题的“命门”。 理清段落逻辑关系：注意表示转折(but, however)、因果(because, therefore)、递进(moreover, furthermore)的连接词，它们往往是出题点。 树立篇章意识：做完题后，尝试用一两句话概括文章大意，长期训练可提升整体把握能力。 限时训练：高考阅读时间紧张，平时练习需设定时限，培养快速捕捉信息的能力。 【典例5】(2025·浙江杭州·模拟预测) A new study has found that breathing does more than just move air in and out of your lungs — it could even be used to identify who you are. Scientists at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that each person has a distinct breathing pattern, known as a nasal (鼻的) breathing “fingerprint”, a unique pattern that reveals clues about a person’s physical and mental health. Notably, brain scientist Timna Soroka shared, “We were able to identify differences between less depressed and non-depressed individuals.” The researchers originally set out to better understand how our sense of smell works. In humans, the brain processes smell during inhalation (吸入), and this close connection between the brain and breathing led the team to wonder: could our breathing patterns reflect the way our brains are wired — and be unique to each of us? To explore this question, they developed a lightweight, wearable device that tracks nasal airflow continuously for 24 hours. The study, published in the journal Current Biology, tested 100 healthy young adults as they went about their regular routines — running, studying, resting, and more. The results showed breathing patterns can identify individuals with 96.8 percent accuracy. “I thought it would be really hard to identify someone because everyone is doing different things,” said Soroka. “But it turns out their breathing patterns were remarkably distinct!” Beyond individual identification, the study also found clear links between breathing patterns and body mass index (BMI), sleep-wake cycles, and mental health traits such as anxiety and depression. For example, people who scored higher on anxiety tests tended to have shorter inhalation periods. Importantly, the researchers noted that they only know there is an association between breathing and mood, but they don’t know the cause-and-effect direction — whether feeling anxious changes breathing, or a certain breathing pattern causes anxiety. If the latter is true, changing how we breathe could potentially improve mood. However, the current device has drawbacks: it uses soft tubes under the nose that can be uncomfortable to wear and may slip during sleep, and it doesn’t track mouth breathing. The team is working on improving the device and further exploring the breathing-mood connection to unlock more practical applications. 1. Why is breathing “fingerprint” mentioned? A. To explain how the brain processes smell. B. To introduce a newly-invented tracking device. C. To show a link between breathing and depression. D. To stress the uniqueness of personal breathing pattern. 2. What does the underlined word mean? A. Connected. B. Powered. C. Controlled. D. Trained. 3. What can we infer about the relationship between breathing and mood? A. Changes in breath cure anxiety. B. Anxiety always causes abnormal breathing. C. Their exact relationship remains unclear. D. Breathing is responsible for negative mood. 4. What is the main finding of this research? A. Our fingerprints tell a lot about our health. B. Breathing patterns link to identity and health. C. A groundbreaking device reveals mental health. D. Anxiety levels link to shorter inhalation periods. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究发现呼吸模式具有独特性，可用于身份识别，且与身心健康指标存在关联。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientists at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that each person has a distinct breathing pattern, known as a nasal (鼻的) breathing “fingerprint”, a unique pattern that reveals clues about a person’s physical and mental health. (以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的科学家发现，每个人都有独特的呼吸模式，被称为鼻呼吸“指纹”，这种独特的模式能揭示出一个人身心健康的相关线索。)”可知，提到呼吸“指纹”是为了强调个人呼吸模式的独特性。故选D项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“In humans, the brain processes smell during inhalation (吸入), and this close connection between the brain and breathing led the team to wonder: could our breathing patterns reflect the way our brains are wired—and be unique to each of us? (人类的大脑在吸气过程中处理气味信息，大脑与呼吸之间的这种紧密联系让研究团队产生了一个疑问：我们的呼吸模式是否能反映出大脑的连接方式——并且每个人的模式都是独一无二的呢？)”可知，此处“wired”指的是大脑内部的神经连接方式，与“Connected”意思相近。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Importantly, the researchers noted that they only know there is an association between breathing and mood, but they don’t know the cause-and-effect direction — whether feeling anxious changes breathing, or a certain breathing pattern causes anxiety. (重要的是，研究人员指出，他们只知道呼吸和情绪之间存在关联，但并不知道两者之间的因果关系——究竟是焦虑情绪改变了呼吸，还是某种呼吸模式引发了焦虑。)”可知，呼吸和情绪之间的确切关系目前仍不明确。故选C项。 4. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study has found that breathing does more than just move air in and out of your lungs — it could even be used to identify who you are.(一项新研究发现，呼吸的作用绝不仅仅是让空气在肺部进出 —— 它甚至还能用来识别个人身份。)”以及第四段中的“Beyond individual identification, the study also found clear links between breathing patterns and body mass index (BMI), sleep-wake cycles, and mental health traits such as anxiety and depression. (除了用于身份识别外，该研究还发现呼吸模式与身体质量指数、睡眠-觉醒周期以及焦虑、抑郁等心理健康特征之间存在明显关联。)”可知，这项研究的主要发现是呼吸模式与身份识别和健康状况都存在关联。故选B项。 【典例6】(2023新课标Ⅰ卷, C) The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 28. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。 28. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。 29. 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。 30. 推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。 31. 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。 【类型四：阅读理解之议论文】 【设题特点】 阅读理解中的议论文，旨在考查考生理解作者观点、分析论证逻辑、评估论据和把握篇章结构的能力。这类文章逻辑性强，观点鲜明，设题也紧紧围绕议论文的文体特征展开。 一、主旨观点题：议论文的核心题型，考查对作者核心论点、写作意图或文章整体基调的把握。 常见设问方式： What is the main idea/argument of the passage? What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? What is the author’s attitude towards...? Which of the following can best serve as the title? 特点与策略： 寻找论点句：论点通常在文章开头(开门见山)或结尾(总结归纳)。首段末句和末段首句也是高频出现位置。 识别作者态度词：关注带有情感色彩或评价性的词汇(如：beneficial, misleading, should, unfortunately, overly optimistic等)。 概括性而非细节性：正确选项必须能概括全文核心思想，过于具体或片面的细节通常是干扰项。 二、细节论证题：考查对支持论点的具体论据、事实、例子或原因的理解。 常见设问方式： Why does the author mention...? According to the passage, what is the reason for...? The author uses the example of... to show that ______. 特点与策略： 明确论据与论点的关系：论据永远是为论点服务的。答题时需思考“这个细节是为了证明什么观点？”，答案通常指向段落主旨或全文论点。 定位与同义替换：与说明文一样，根据关键词定位，并注意选项中的同义转述。 三、推理判断题：难度较高的题型，要求基于文章信息，对作者未明确陈述的内容、潜在含义或可能产生的结果进行合理推断。 常见设问方式： What can be inferred from the passage? The author would probably agree that... What is the implied meaning of...? The passage is most likely written for ______ (what kind of readers). 特点与策略： 立足文本，逻辑推导：答案必须基于文章明确信息进行一步合理的逻辑延伸(如因果、对比、归纳)。切忌无依据的主观臆测。 识别弦外之音：注意作者的反讽、疑问、假设等语气，这些往往是推理的线索。 判断读者对象：根据文章话题的深度、专业术语的使用、写作的口吻来推断目标读者(如公众、专家、政策制定者等)。 四、词义/句意猜测题 在议论文中，这类题不仅考查词义，更常考查特定语境下关键词或关键句的深层含义及在论证中的作用。 常见设问方式： The underlined sentence in Paragraph X probably means that ______. By saying “...”, the author intends to ______. 特点与策略： 结合论点理解：关键句往往是作者表达核心观点或进行重要论证的句子，必须放在上下文的逻辑关系(如转折、递进、因果)和全文主旨中去理解。 分析修辞功能：思考这句话是用于举例、对比、反驳还是强调。 五、结构/逻辑关系题：直接考查对议论文论证脉络和逻辑结构的把握。 常见设问方式： How is the passage organized? What is the function of the X paragraph? The author develops his argument mainly by ______ (e.g., comparing, giving examples, raising questions). 特点与策略： 掌握常见论证结构：提出论点—列举论据—总结重申(经典结构)。现象/问题—分析原因—提出解决方案。驳斥错误观点—提出自己观点—论证。 关注连接词：However, therefore, for example, on the other hand, in conclusion等词是文章逻辑的“路标”。 【典例7】(2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测) Nowadays, the thought that a child’s behavior can be bad — mean, greedy, selfish — is often considered unacceptable especially in the rich and democratic West. Children are treated as a unique category, almost a species apart from adults. This appears in the popular “every child is different” belief, which discourages judging or correcting children so as to honor their uniqueness. One explanation for this is the tendency to view children’s emotions as purely physiological releases of stress, beyond moral evaluation. Brain-body parenting, for instance, argues that young children lack the neural wiring for self-control and therefore should not be expected to regulate their behavior. Parents are urged not to correct wrongdoing but simply to narrate emotions — “You’re feeling very angry right now.” But human emotions are inseparable from understanding: Fear reflects a sense of threat, disappointment signals unmet expectations; jealousy implies perceiving another as a rival. Meaning shapes feeling, even in toddlers. Merely labeling a child’s anger without explaining when anger is appropriate or how it may harm others deprives them of an understanding of what they are feeling. The psychoanalyst Wilfred Bion explained in Learning from Experience (1962) that when parents interpret and respond to a baby’s behavior, they transform raw sense experiences into meaningful thoughts. Moral and emotional understanding — knowing justified anger, practicing restraint, respecting others — does not suddenly appear in adulthood. It develops gradually, long before children are able to grasp or express such ideas clearly, as parents offer forms of understanding to their children from the very beginning. As Bion put it, “just as we do not hold back from speaking to little babies because of the worry that they are unable to use words, so we should not hold back from initiating kids to our understanding of what counts as good and bad behavior.” The idea that a parent can remain neutral toward their child’s behaviour is at best naive and at worst dangerous. The deeper question parents need to ask is: Who do we want our toddlers to become? Unless we begin with a vision of the kind of person we hope to raise, we will always be chasing the latest parenting trend, or, perhaps, our child’s every mood. 1. How would parents usually respond to children’s misbehavior in the West? A. They try to categorize all their mistakes. B. They point out and punish it immediately. C. They judge it by moral standards of adults. D. They forgive it to ensure kids’ individuality. 2. What does the author think of the brain-body parenting? A. It overlooks the role of understanding in emotions. B. It is a practical solution to reduce children’s stress. C. It helps parents handle children’s negative moods. D. It highlights the biological basis of kids’ misbehavior. 3. What can we learn about moral education according to Wilfred Bion? A. Kids know nothing about moral rules. B. Language and morals develop hand in hand. C. Moral rules should be nurtured from early ages. D. Children’s abilities mature when they grow up. 4. What does the author advise parents to do in the last paragraph? A. Follow new parenting trends closely. B. Set clear aims for their child’s growth. C. Stay neutral about their child’s behavior. D. Let moods guide their parenting choices. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了如今在富裕民主的西方，人们对待孩子不良行为的态度，指出不应因尊重孩子独特性而忽视对其不良行为的纠正，强调了理解在孩子情绪中的重要性，以及道德教育应从小开始，并建议父母要为孩子的成长设定明确目标。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This appears in the popular ‘every child is different’ belief, which discourages judging or correcting children so as to honor their uniqueness.(这体现在流行的‘每个孩子都不一样’的观念中，这种观念不鼓励评判或纠正孩子，以尊重他们的独特性。)”可知，在西方，父母通常会原谅孩子的不良行为以确保孩子的个性。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“But human emotions are inseparable from understanding: Fear reflects a sense of threat, disappointment signals unmet expectations; jealousy implies perceiving another as a rival. Meaning shapes feeling, even in toddlers. Merely labeling a child’s anger without explaining when anger is appropriate or how it may harm others deprives them of an understanding of what they are feeling.(但人类的情绪与理解是分不开的：恐惧反映了一种威胁感，失望表明期望未得到满足；嫉妒意味着将他人视为竞争对手。意义塑造感觉，即使是在蹒跚学步的孩子身上也是如此。仅仅给孩子贴上愤怒的标签，而不解释什么时候愤怒是合适的，或者它可能会如何伤害他人，这剥夺了他们对自己感受的理解。)”可推知，作者认为大脑—身体育儿法忽视了理解在情绪中的作用。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Moral and emotional understanding — knowing justified anger, practicing restraint, respecting others — does not suddenly appear in adulthood. It develops gradually, long before children are able to grasp or express such ideas clearly, as parents offer forms of understanding to their children from the very beginning. (道德和情感理解——知道什么是合理的愤怒，练习克制，尊重他人——并不是在成年后突然出现的。它是在孩子们能够清楚地理解或表达这些想法之前很久就逐渐发展起来的，因为父母从一开始就向孩子们提供理解的形式。)”可推知，根据Wilfred Bion的观点，道德规则应该从小培养。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The deeper question parents need to ask is: Who do we want our toddlers to become? Unless we begin with a vision of the kind of person we hope to raise, we will always be chasing the latest parenting trend, or, perhaps, our child’s every mood. (父母需要问的一个更深层次的问题是：我们希望我们的孩子成为什么样的人？除非我们一开始就对我们希望培养的人有一个愿景，否则我们将永远在追逐最新的育儿趋势，或者，也许，我们孩子的每一种情绪。)”可推知，作者建议父母在最后一段为孩子的成长设定明确的目标。故选B项。 【典例8】(2023全国乙卷, D) If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable. 33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people. C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided. 34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society. 35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories 【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。 32. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。 33. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。 34. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。 35. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。 (建议用时：30分钟) 【类型一：阅读理解之应用文】 【保分练1】(25-26高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试) Win Theatre Tokens Christmas and the New Year are a perfect time to see a show. So we’re giving you the chance to win a £350 Theatre Token Gift Card or eGift to treat your family to a show this Winter. Maybe you’ll see your favourite mime, a West End musical or take a trip to a venue you’ve not visited before — winter is the perfect time to escape the cold and make memories at the theatre. If you’re looking to tick off the final few names on your Christmas list, you could pay it forward as Theatre Tokens make the perfect present. They have no end date, and they can be used at more than 270 theatres including all of London’s West End. Run by Society of London Theatre, a not-for-profit organization, Theatre Tokens are a gift that gives back. Enter now for your chance to win a £350 Theatre Tokens Gift Card or eGift whether you treat yourself or give to a loved one. SIMPLY ANSWER THE QUESTION CORRECTLY TO MAKE YOU QUALIFIED TO WIN. Where can Theatre Tokens be used? A. At more than 270 theatres including all of London’s West End. B. 10 theatres. C. 20 theatres. Simply answer A, B or C on the entry form or enter online. See page 151. 1. Which of the following is a major advantage of Theatre Tokens? A. You can resell them. B. They have no time limit. C. They help escape the cold. D. You can use them around London. 2. Why is a Question & Answer section designed below the picture? A. To set a bar for entry. B. To add extra information. C. To collect personal opinions. D. To arouse the readers’ curiosity. 3. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To compare different shows. B. To promote theatre gift cards. C. To encourage people to donate. D. To introduce the Theatre Tokens. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了在圣诞节和新年期间，读者有机会赢得一张价值350英镑的剧院代金券礼品卡或电子礼品卡的活动，阐述了礼品卡的特点与优势，并通过设置问答环节引导读者参与该活动。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They have no end date, and they can be used at more than 270 theatres including all of London’s West End.(它们没有截止日期，可以在包括伦敦西区所有剧院在内的270多家剧院使用。)”可知，剧院代金券没有时间限制，可以在包括伦敦西区所有剧院在内的270多家剧院使用，这是剧院代金券的一个主要优势。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据“SIMPLY ANSWER THE QUESTION CORRECTLY TO MAKE YOU QUALIFIED TO WIN. (只需正确回答问题，你就有资格获胜。)”以及后文的问题“Where can Theatre Tokens be used? (剧院代金券可以在哪里使用?)”可知，设计问答部分的目的是设置参与赢取代金券的门槛，即只有正确回答问题才有资格参与。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“So we’re giving you the chance to win a £350 Theatre Token Gift Card or eGift to treat your family to a show this Winter. (所以我们给你一个机会，让你赢得一张价值350英镑的剧院代金券礼品卡或电子礼品卡，今年冬天带你的家人去看一场演出。)”以及后文对剧院代金券的介绍和参与方式的说明可知，文章的主要目的是推广剧院礼品卡，吸引读者参与赢得礼品卡的活动。故选B项。 【保分练2】(2026年1月浙江高考首考 A) The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs at the Beachway in conjunction with the Ontario Culture Days. This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers to create artwork that will be displayed on temporary signs along the multi-use path. This call is open to Burlington-based artists and is open to all art forms that can be presented in a sign format. This includes, but is not limited to: visual art, graphic art, photography, poetry, short story, non-fiction, etc. Submissions may be from existing or newly created work. The artist fee for this project is $ 400. The City of Burlington will pay for all costs related to the production, installation (安装) and maintenance of the signs. Estimated Project Timeline August2 Call for Artists responses due By August 12 Successful artists selected; enter into a con tract with the City of Burlington September6 Final artwork files due September 23-October 13 Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch (草图) of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 21. What is the purpose of this text? A. To raise money for local artists. B. To release a collection of artwork. C. To introduce a cultural festival. D. To call for artworks for a project. 22. How long will the public art signs be on display? A. Ten days. B. Three weeks. C. One month. D. Two months. 23. Which of the following meets the application requirements? A. A 150-word poem. B. A 100-word self-introduction. C. A 300-word story. D. A 200-word artwork statement. 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A 21. 主旨大意题。根据第一段 “The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs... This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers... This call is open to Burlington-based artists...” (伯灵顿市公共艺术项目正配合 “安大略文化日” 在湖滨大道展示一系列临时公共艺术标牌。该项目将选拔 10 位视觉艺术家和 10 位作家，创作将在多用途路径沿线的临时标牌上展示的作品。此征集活动面向居住在伯灵顿的艺术家开放……)以及下文提到的申请要求可知，这篇文章的主要目的是为一个艺术项目征集作品。故选 D。 22. 细节理解题。根据时间表(Estimated Project Timeline)中的最后一行 “September 23 – October 13: Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration”(9月23日至10月13日：作品在文化日庆祝活动期间展出)计算可知，从9月23日到9月30日是8天，10月1日到10月13日是13天，总计21天，即三周(Three weeks)。故选 B。 23. 细节理解题。根据“Application Package”部分的要求：“Artwork Statement: maximum 150 words”(艺术说明：最多150词)；“Writing Submission: maximum 250 words”(文字作品：最多250词)；“Artist Biography: maximum 50 words”(艺术家简介：最多50词)。对比选项：A 项“150词的诗歌” 属于文字作品，符合不超过250词的要求，正确；B项“100 词的简介”超过了50词的要求；C项“300词的故事” 超过250词的要求；D项“200词的艺术说明”超过了150词的要求。故选 A。 【类型二：阅读理解之记叙文】 【保分练3】(25-26高三上·河北保定·期中) Last September, I drove to a protected wetland near my home in Oakland, California. It was the first time that I had gone somewhere merely to watch birds. Since this unique journey, I’ve seen 452 species, including 307 this year alone. In some birding circles, people claim anyone who looks at birds is a birder. I’ve cared about birds and other animals for my entire life, and I’ve written about them throughout my two decades as a science writer, but I mark the moment when I specifically chose to devote time and energy to them as the moment I became a birder. Birding has significantly increased the time spent outdoors. It has motivated me to explore Oakland in ways I never would have. While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus only on the present, and my head becomes extremely untroubled. I also feel a much deeper connection to the natural world, which I have long written about but always remained slightly distant from. These recent years have taught me that I’m smaller when I’m not actively looking after myself, that I have value for my world and my community beyond ceaseless production, and that pursuits like birding that encourage joy, wonder and bond with places are not sidebars to a fulfilled life but the essence. It’s easy to perceive birding as something you do when you’re not working, not being productive, and even an escape from reality. Instead, for me, birding means absorbing myself in the present moment: my thoughts quiet, my senses heightened, and I respond to real, observable events in nature with focused awareness without being distracted (使分心) by small, unimportant matters. I don’t need to know who the main characters are on social media and what everyone is commenting on them, when I can instead spend an hour trying to locate a rare bird. 1. Why did the author think the journey to the wetland special? A. He protected bird species there. B. He fell in love with birding again. C. He made his true start as a birder. D. He completed his writing during it. 2. What does the underlined word “impervious” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Attentive. B. Subject. C. Resistant. D. Sensitive. 3. What lesson does the author probably learn? A. Outdoor pursuits are a must-have. B. Self-care can help fuel self-worth. C. Happiness serves as the core of life. D. Productivity defines personal value. 4. How does the author view birding according to the last paragraph? A. A complete engagement with reality. B. A temporary escape from busy life. C. A training in focus and observation. D. A substitute for online activities. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. C 4. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去年九月一次偶然的观鸟之旅让他正式成为观鸟者，此后观鸟不仅增加了他的户外时间、让他更亲近自然，还让他领悟到生活的本质，重新认识了观鸟的意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“It was the first time that I had gone somewhere merely to watch birds. Since this unique journey, I’ve seen 452 species, including 307 this year alone. (这是我第一次专门去某个地方观鸟。自从这次特别的旅行后，我已经见过452种鸟类，仅今年就有307种)”及第二段“I’ve cared about birds and other animals for my entire life, and I’ve written about them throughout my two decades as a science writer, but I mark the moment when I specifically chose to devote time and energy to them as the moment I became a birder. (我一生都在关心鸟类和其他动物，在我作为一名科学作家的二十年里，我一直在写关于它们的文章，但我把我特别选择为它们投入时间和精力的那一刻标记为我成为观鸟者的那一时刻)”可知，作者认为这次湿地之旅特别，是因为它让自己真正开启了观鸟者的身份。故选C。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus only on the present, and my head becomes extremely untroubled (观鸟时，我似乎对冷热饥渴都impervious。我的感官只专注于当下，内心变得异常平静)”可知，观鸟时作者专注于当下，不受冷热饥渴的影响，因此“impervious”意为“抵抗的、不受影响的”。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“These recent years have taught me that I'm smaller when I’m not actively looking after myself, that I have value for my world and my community beyond ceaseless production, and that pursuits like birding that encourage joy, wonder and bond with places are not sidebars to a fulfilled life but the essence (这些年我明白了，当我不积极关爱自己时，我会变得渺小；除了无休止的工作产出，我对自己的世界和社区也有价值；而像观鸟这样能带来喜悦、惊奇并与周遭建立联结的追求，并非充实生活的点缀，而是其本质)”可知，作者领悟到能带来快乐的追求是生活的核心，即幸福是生活的核心。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead, for me, birding means absorbing myself in the present moment: my thoughts quiet, my senses heightened, and I respond to real, observable events in nature with focused awareness without being distracted by small, unimportant matters (相反，对我来说，观鸟意味着全身心投入当下：思绪沉静，感官敏锐，我以专注的意识回应自然界中真实可观察的事物，不会被琐碎小事分心)”可知，作者认为观鸟是对现实的全身心投入。故选A。 【保分练4】(2025全国高考I卷 B) In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary. C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic. 26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 27. What does the author’s experience show? A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect. 【答案】24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。 24. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——因父母反对她年少的爱情而心碎离世。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 25. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.(大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。 26. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (结果是staggering。学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可知，学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。staggering意为“令人震惊的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing(惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。 27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning(教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。 (建议用时：30分钟) 【类型三：阅读理解之说明文】 【抢分练】（25-26高三上·湖南长沙） It is widely acknowledged that crows are highly intelligent with cognitive abilities similar to those of 5-to 7-year-old children. Past research shows that they can count to four and distinguish human voices and faces, and some species can even create tools for future use. Lately, a special study has expanded this list further, revealing that crows can recognize basic geometric features, such as side lengths, parallel lines, and right angles, and tell apart shapes like stars, crescents, squares, and irregular four-sided figures. With the purpose of testing the crows’ geometric skills, scientists showed two crows six shapes on a digital screen and trained them to peck (啄) at the outlier—the shape that looked different from the rest. When the birds chose correctly, they were rewarded with a tasty snack. At first, the researchers made the outlier obvious, such as one flower among five crescents. As the birds got used to the task, the shapes became more similar including squares and irregular four- sided figures. Despite the increasing difficulty, the crows continued to identify the outlier correctly. The shape recognition ability of crows remains a topic of interest for researchers. They suspect this ability may help them with navigation as they fly around. The birds may have also developed this ability to help them search for food or identify other individual crows — including potential mates — based on their facial features. “All these abilities, at the end of the day, from a biological point of view, have evolved because they provide a survival advantage or a reproductive advantage,” says study senior author Andreas Nieder, a neurophysiologist at the University of Tübingen in Germany. In the future, researchers hope to explore which areas of the birds’ brains are responsible for their exceptional ability in geometry. Birds don’t have a cerebral cortex (大脑皮层)—at least, not in the same way that humans do. But for us, that part of the brain is responsible for thinking and other complex functions. Crows still have these abilities, so the researchers assume there must be something else going on inside their heads. “Obviously, evolution found two different ways of giving rise to behaviorally flexible animals,” Nieder says. 1. What does the recent study reveal about crows? A. They can draw simple figures with tools. B. They can distinguish between basic shapes in geometry. C. They can do easy math calculations. D. They can recognize human voices and faces. 2. How did the researchers increase the difficulty of the shape- recognition task? A. By shortening the time for the crows to respond. B. By presenting more familiar shapes on the screen. C. By showing the figures with different colors. D. By enhancing the similarity among the shapes. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The role of crows’ geometric potential in navigation. B. Reasons for crows to evolve shape identification abilities. C. Survival benefits of crows’ cognitive talents. D. The advantages of crows’ food-searching skills over other birds. 4. What is the follow-up step for future study? A. Investigating crows’ brain areas related to geometric skills. B. Comparing the cerebral cortex of humans and crows. C. Exploring other complex functions of crows’ brains. D. Studying the causes of crows’ flexible behaviors. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了乌鸦在几何图形识别方面的天赋并分析乌鸦进化出形状识别能力的原因。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Lately, a special study has expanded this list further, revealing that crows can recognize basic geometric features, such as side lengths, parallel lines, and right angles, and tell apart shapes like stars, crescents, squares, and irregular four-sided figures.(最近，一项特别的研究进一步扩充了这一能力清单，揭示乌鸦能够识别基本的几何特征，比如边长、平行线和直角，还能区分星形、新月形、正方形以及不规则四边形等形状。)”可知，最近的研究揭示了乌鸦能区分几何中的基本形状。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At first, the researchers made the outlier obvious, such as one flower among five crescents. As the birds got used to the task, the shapes became more similar including squares and irregular four- sided figures. Despite the increasing difficulty, the crows continued to identify the outlier correctly.(起初，研究人员让异类形状十分明显，比如五个新月形中混入一个花朵形状。随着鸟儿逐渐适应这项任务，展示的形状变得更为相似，包括正方形和不规则四边形。尽管难度不断增加，乌鸦仍能持续正确地识别出异类。)”可知，研究人员是通过增加图形之间的相似性来提高任务的难度。故选D。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The birds may have also developed this ability to help them search for food or identify other individual crows — including potential mates—based on their facial features. “All these abilities, at the end of the day, from a biological point of view, have evolved because they provide a survival advantage or a reproductive advantage,” says study senior author Andreas Nieder, a neurophysiologist at the University of Tübingen in Germany.(这些鸟类或许也进化出了这种能力，以便帮助它们寻找食物或识别其他乌鸦——包括潜在的配偶——的方法就是依据它们的面部特征。该研究的资深作者、德国图宾根大学的神经生理学家安德烈亚斯·尼德尔说：“从生物学的角度来看，所有这些能力之所以进化出来，是因为它们能带来生存优势或繁殖优势。”)”等内容可知，第三段主要分析了乌鸦进化出形状识别能力的原因。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the future, researchers hope to explore which areas of the birds’ brains are responsible for their exceptional ability in geometry.(未来，研究人员希望探究鸟类大脑中哪些区域负责它们卓越的几何能力。)”可知，未来研究的后续步骤是调查与几何技能相关的乌鸦大脑区域。故选A。 【抢分练2】(2025高考北京卷D) The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 31. What can be inferred about personal stories? A. They are unrelated to health. B. Consistent ones lead to stress. C. They are relevant to happiness. D. Thematic ones hold back change. 32. What can we learn from this passage? A. Talking about gains from failure is negative. B. New Year resolutions are well received. C. The West tends to overvalue optimism. D. Social roles fail to be highlighted. 33. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Clarify a goal. B. Analyse an event. C. Make a comparison. D. Illustrate an approach. 34. What is the passage mainly about? A. How self-identity works. B. How story-tellers are made. C. How personal stories raise doubts. D. How timing affects personal identity. 【答案】31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系及如何改变个人故事。 31. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. (拥有更一致故事的人往往有更强的身份认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、更有方向、更有目标感。这样的人总体上对生活的满意度也更高。)”可知，个人故事与幸福感相关。故选C。 32. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. (她说，西方文化已经促使人们在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。)”可推知，西方倾向于过度重视乐观主义。故选C。 33. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可推知，文章主要阐述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系，并举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作者主要是在阐述一种方法。故选D。 34. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可推知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“How self-identity works. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合文意。故选A。 【类型四：阅读理解之议论文】 【抢分练3】（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测） When my beautiful firstborn turned one, about 70 people came to the pub to celebrate. There were drinks, meals, and singing. They were celebrating me. But since then, his birthdays have become about him and his friends and the quality of the event has gone downhill quickly. My kid’s demands of his own parties have become louder. The days of a cake with a single candle in it have long gone. Now a theme must be followed, his interests reflected, his wishes regarding the guest list heard. And so, I do my bit: putting out sugary treats, frantically cleaning, worrying nobody will come, getting stressed when they do. When the time comes, and his friends arrive at the party, the chaos begins. What chance do the little ones have to learn social graces when their role models are stuck making awkward conversations with other parents they barely know and shout “Oi!” mid-sentence to break up a dispute or get their kids out of a tree? In these moments, I dream of a promised land, where the kid can be dropped off at a party and I can spend the time quietly meditating or scrolling my phone. I have not yet arrived there but other parents tell me it exists, and it sounds like paradise. Despite my inability to gracefully host a birthday party, the fact that my kid has lived another year is a triumph. He grows, he changes, he asks questions, he goes to school, he has parts of his life that I am not a part of. It’s scary and it should be celebrated. As society becomes increasingly isolated and screen-focused, kids’ parties can be part of the cure. They build real-world relationships and our kids’ friends at these ages could be part of our lives forever. Every connection is a new or potential friend. What could be more social than celebrating life’s mundane milestones? After all, the worst part of a party is not being invited. 1. Why does the author describe her own party-hosting efforts? A. To introduce a solution to the party chaos. B. To convey a sense of personal burden and anxiety. C. To argue that such efforts are ultimately unnecessary. D. To highlight the author’s exceptional skills and enjoyment. 2. What does the author imply about parents’ behavior at children’s parties? A. They effectively manage all conflicts. B. They set good examples for children. C. They enjoy meaningful conversations. D. Their social interactions are often forced. 3. What does “the promised land” refer to in paragraph 5? A. A perfect party venue for kids. B. A real community event space. C. A future stage of no restrictions. D. An ideal party carefree for parents. 4. How does the author feel about the current trend of children’s birthday parties? A. Wholly enthusiastic. B. Partly appreciative. C. Largely indifferent. D. Completely opposed. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在为孩子举办生日派对时的经历和感受，从最初的热闹到后来的混乱，以及作者对理想中派对的憧憬，同时探讨了孩子派对在当下社会中的意义。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And so, I do my bit: putting out sugary treats, frantically cleaning, worrying nobody will come, getting stressed when they do.(于是，我也尽我所能：摆放甜食，疯狂打扫，担心没人来，等人来了又感到紧张。)”可知，作者描述自己为派对所做的努力，如准备甜食、疯狂打扫、担心没人来以及人们来了之后感到紧张等，这些都传达了作者个人在举办派对时所承受的负担和焦虑。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“What chance do the little ones have to learn social graces when their role models are stuck making awkward conversations with other parents they barely know and shout “Oi!” mid-sentence to break up a dispute or get their kids out of a tree? (当孩子们的榜样被困在与他们几乎不认识的其他父母进行尴尬的对话，并在句子中间大喊“喂！”以解决争端或把他们的孩子从树上救下来时，这些小家伙们有什么机会学习社交礼仪呢？)”可知，孩子们的榜样被困在与他们几乎不认识的其他父母进行尴尬的对话中，孩子们没有机会学习社交礼仪，可推理出作者暗示父母在孩子们的派对上的社交互动往往是勉强的、不自然的，他们并没有为孩子们树立良好的社交榜样。故选D项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据文章第五段划线词下文“where the kid can be dropped off at a party and I can spend the time quietly meditating or scrolling my phone.(孩子可以被送到派对上，而我可以花时间静静地冥想或刷手机。)”可知，下文提到了孩子可以被送到派对上，而“我”可以花时间静静地冥想或刷手机，这是一个理想中的、让父母无忧无虑的派对场景，不用担心派对上的混乱和孩子的安全等问题，可推理出作者梦想着“一片乐土”，划线词的含义为“乐土”。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“Despite my inability to gracefully host a birthday party, the fact that my kid has lived another year is a triumph. He grows, he changes, he asks questions, he goes to school, he has parts of his life that I am not a part of. It’s scary and it should be celebrated (尽管我无法优雅地举办生日派对，但我的孩子又活了一年这一事实是一种胜利。他成长，他变化，他提问，他上学，他的生活中有一些部分是我没有参与的。这很可怕，但也应该庆祝。)”以及倒数第二段“As society becomes increasingly isolated and screen-focused, kids’ parties can be part of the cure. They build real-world relationships and our kids’ friends at these ages could be part of our lives forever. Every connection is a new or potential friend. What could be more social than celebrating life’s mundane milestones? (随着社会变得越来越孤立和以屏幕为中心，孩子们的派对可以成为治愈的一部分。他们建立现实世界的关系，我们孩子在这个年龄的朋友可能永远是我们生活的一部分。每一个联系都是一个新朋友或潜在的朋友。还有什么比庆祝生活中的平凡里程碑更有社交意义的呢？)”可知，作者虽然觉得自己无法优雅地举办生日派对，但认为孩子又活了一年是一件值得庆祝的事情，同时认为孩子们的派对在当下社会中具有重要意义，可以帮助建立现实世界的关系，因此作者对当前孩子们生日派对的趋势是部分欣赏的。故选B项。 【抢分练4】(2025浙江高考首考 B) When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 24. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed. C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats. 25. Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A. Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B. Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C. Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D. Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 26. What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A. Make diet decisions on their own. B. Share their food with other kids. C. Eat up what is provided for them. D. Help their parents do the dishes. 27. What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者自己因童年时被灌输饮食观念而影响了与食物的关系，心理学家建议家长在饮食上少干预，作者尝试策略后发现孩子能做更好的饮食决策。 24. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. ‘You don’t want to get fat’ was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. (当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常被告知什么不能吃。“你不想变胖”这句话在我整个童年时期不断重复。这真的搞砸了我与食物的关系 —— 这是我花了多年时间才克服的问题)”可知，作者童年时被灌输的饮食观念对其产生了负面影响，由此可推断出，作者对自己童年时被喂养的方式持批判态度。故选B项。 25. 推理判断题。根据第二段“According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. ‘There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,’ she says. ‘It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.’ (根据心理学教授夏洛特·马基的说法，食物是为数不多的家长说得少反而更好的话题之一。“在育儿方面，有很多事情值得深入讨论，但我不认为食物是其中之一，”她说。“这只会给孩子们带来一些不必要的担忧和不安全感，这并不健康。”)”可知，马基不赞成家长和孩子过多谈论食物相关的话题，而向孩子解释吃零食的风险属于谈论食物的话题，所以马基不会赞成。故选C项。 26. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, she recommends applying a well known concept among nutrition experts called the ‘Division of Responsibility,’ where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. (相反，她建议应用营养专家中一个著名的概念，即‘责任划分’，在这个概念中，家长在固定的时间为孩子提供各种主要是健康的食物，而孩子自己决定想吃什么和吃多少 —— 即使这意味着偶尔吃的饼干比胡萝卜多)”可知，根据“责任划分”，孩子应该自己做饮食决策。故选A项。 27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. (我一直在尝试这些策略，我发现当我不那么严格限制时，他们确实会做出更好的决策)”可知，孩子们确实会做出更好的决策，所以作者会认为自己所遵循的策略是可行的。故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点14 阅读理解之四大常考语篇类型(综合练) ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 高考阅读理解备考核心策略： 从纷繁的题型中识别出最具区分度和难度的核心考查方向，并进行针对性突破。 根据近年全国卷及新高考卷的命题趋势，高考英语阅读理解的核心考查方向可以总结为： 文本理解深度化——由“信息查找”转向“意义建构” ； 信息处理复杂化——由“单一定位”转向“综合处理” ； 选题素材现实化与跨学科化——由“通用话题”转向“真实语篇” ； 思维考查批判化——由“被动接受”转向“主动审视” 。 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 瓦 解“主旨大意与标题”难 点——【俯瞰全局法】 2. 瓦解 “推理判断题”难 点——【逻辑锚定法】 3. 瓦解 “词义猜测题”难 点——【语境破译法】 4. 瓦解 “观点态度题”难 点——【情感词汇探测器】 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 4 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 4 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 【考点统计】 2021-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025全国高考I卷 7 1 6 1 2025全国高考II卷 8 1 4 2 2025高考浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 2021新高考I卷 8 1 4 2 2021新高考II卷 11 1 2 1 【命题趋势】 2026年高考英语阅读理解的核心命题趋势可总结为：以“立德树人”为根本任务，依托“三大主题语境”，从“考查知识”转向“考查素养”。 趋势维度 核心特征 具体表现与备考要点 选材内容 聚焦三大主题，强化价值引领 1. 讲述中国智慧： 语篇会巧妙融合传统文化(如围棋)、当代发展(如绿色能源)与科技进步，体现文化自信。 2. 探讨全球议题：涉及气候变化、生态保护等人类命运共同体话题，考查多视角分析能力。 3. 关注成长发展：围绕人与自我、社会、自然，选取贴近生活的故事，启迪积极人生态度。 能力考查 强调深度阅读与高阶思维 1. 文本真实多元：材料多直接选自外刊、网站、科普读物等，体裁包括论述文、报告、书评等。 2. 语言难度体现在语境：长难句、逻辑衔接词是理解关键。熟词生义、一词多义现象普遍，需结合语境判断。 文本与语言 选用真实语篇，突出语境运用 1. 文本真实多元：材料多直接选自外刊、网站、科普读物等，体裁包括论述文、报告、书评等。 2. 语言难度体现在语境：长难句、逻辑衔接词是理解关键。熟词生义、一词多义现象普遍，需结合语境判断。 题型设计 稳中有变，融合创新 1. 核心题型稳定：细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测等仍是基础。 2. 考查方式更灵活：可能融入简易图表等非连续文本，考查多模态信息处理能力。 【备考策略建议】 基于以上趋势，你的复习可以从以下几方面着手：研究真题，把握脉搏：精做近3-5年高考真题，分析文章话题、出题角度和选项陷阱，感知命题规律。广泛阅读，拓宽视野：有意识选取涉及三大主题、来源地道的文章进行泛读，提升语感与背景知识储备。 强化思维，精准训练：练习时多问“作者为什么这样写”，总结不同体裁文章的结构特点。对于错题，重点分析错误选项的干扰方式和自己的思维偏差。夯实词汇，注重活用：在语境中记忆词汇，尤其关注高频词的熟词生义和与主题相关的词块。 【思维导图】 【类型一：阅读理解之应用文】 【设题特点】 应用文具有明确的设题特点，掌握这些规律能有效提升解题效率和准确率。以下从选材特点、命题形式和解题策略三个维度解析： 一、选材特点 真实实用：选自日常生活场景，如海报、公告、广告、指南、通知、书信等。 信息结构化：文本常采用分点、表格、加粗、小标题等形式突出关键信息。 语言简洁明确：用词直接，多使用祈使句、缩写和固定表达，避免文学性修饰。 二、命题形式与考点 细节理解题(高频)---直接查找型：如活动时间、地点、价格、联系方式等。 技巧：定位关键词，注意同义替换。 目的意图题---考查文本功能：通知、邀请、宣传、警告等。 技巧：关注标题、首尾段及语气词。 推理判断题---需结合信息推断隐含内容：如作者态度、目标读者、后续步骤等。 技巧：分析用语风格(正式/随意)和内容针对性。 词义猜测题---结合语境理解特定词汇或短语。 技巧：通过上下文解释或生活常识推断。 三、解题策略三步法 速读结构：先读标题、小标题、首尾句，快速把握文本框架和目的。 题文对应：题干关键词定位原文，注意选项中的“偷换概念”(如部分信息正确但主体错误)。 排除干扰：警惕“绝对化”表述(如all, never)。忽略无关细节，聚焦答题所需信息。 【典例1】(25-26高三上·江苏南京) Christmas is coming. Seasonal favorites and sure-to-sell-out gifts are going fast, but there’s still time to grab these holiday must-haves before they’re gone. Eye Stones $30.00 Made from Finnish soapstone that’s more than two billion years old, these stone disks bring tired eyes relief from long hours at the computer or itchiness due to seasonal allergies. Chill them in the refrigerator and apply on or under your eyes for a rock-solid spa treatment at home. Made in Finland. Scratch the Belly Nail Files $20.00 Who can resist giving a good tummy scratch to a sweet puppy or kitten? With this super-adorable addition to any animal lover’s manicure (美甲) set, you can enjoy that soul-satisfying activity anytime, while keeping your nails in perfect (dare we say paw-fect?) condition. Made in China. Foot Sole Massage (按摩) $50.00 This rock-and-roll massage set will be music to your feet. A way to give yourself an effective foot massage, the smooth soapstone balls can be used heated for just a quick few minutes at home to provide relaxation and relief to tired feet.Place one ball at a time in the cork base and, while sitting,massage the most tender points of the soles of your feet.Made in Finland. Kazoo That Christmas Tune $25.00 Add some friendly competition to the holiday season with this multiplayer musical challenge. Using the included kazoos, you’ll sing through 100 classic and modern festive songs to get your teammates to identify the melody and earn points. Best of all, you don’t need any musical talent, singing skills, or memorization of the lyrics. Made in China. Shipping & Returns Usually ships within 24 hours. Shipping outside of the U.S.? You will be quoted a specific delivery timeframe at checkout, based on your destination country and the available shipping methods. See International FAQ for more information. Need to return? Free returns are accepted forever — no time limits. Within 30 days of delivery, refunds (退) to the original payment method will be available. After 30days, refunds will be processed to a digital gift card. All items are refundable unless damaged or faulty. See our return policy for more details. 1. What do Eye Stones and Scratch the Belly Nail Files have in common? A. They are intended for personal body care. B. They are made from natural materials in Finland. C. They combine practical use with a high-tech design. D. They are targeted at people in need of medical treatment. 2. Which of the following can be the most suitable gift for family entertainment? A. Eye Stones. B. Scratch the Belly Nail Files. C. Foot Sole Massage. D. Kazoo That Christmas Tune. 3. What can we learn about the return policy? A. Return policy does not cover international orders. B. The company offers unconditional refund on products. C. A digital gift card will be given as a refund after 30 days. D. All returns will be refunded to the original payment method. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款适合圣诞节的热门礼物，包括其功能、价格、产地等信息，并说明了产品的配送和退换货政策。 1. 细节理解题。根据Eye Stones部分中“these stone disks bring tired eyes relief from long hours at the computer or itchiness due to seasonal allergies. Chill them in the refrigerator and apply on or under your eyes for a rock-solid spa treatment at home. (这些石盘能缓解因长时间使用电脑而疲惫的双眼，也能减轻因季节性过敏引起的眼部瘙痒。将它们放在冰箱里冷藏后，敷在眼上或眼下，在家就能享受一次实实在在的水疗护理)”和Scratch the Belly Nail Files部分中“With this super-adorable addition to any animal lover’s manicure (美甲) set, you can enjoy that soul-satisfying activity anytime, while keeping your nails in perfect (dare we say paw-fect?) condition. (有了这个超级可爱的动物爱好者美甲套装，你随时都能享受这项令人心旷神怡的活动，同时还能让你的指甲保持完美状态(我们斗胆说一句，是“爪”完美吧？)。)”可知，Eye Stones可以缓解眼睛疲劳，Scratch the Belly Nail Files可以护理指甲，它们的共同点是都用于个人身体护理。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据Kazoo That Christmas Tune部分中“Add some friendly competition to the holiday season with this multiplayer musical challenge. Using the included kazoos, you’ll sing through 100 classic and modern festive songs to get your teammates to identify the melody and earn points. (这个多人音乐挑战为假日季增添了一些友好的竞争氛围。借助随附的卡祖笛，你将哼唱100首经典和现代的节日歌曲，让队友们识别旋律并得分)”可知，Kazoo That Christmas Tune是一款多人参与的音乐猜歌游戏，是最适合家庭娱乐的礼物。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“After 30 days, refunds will be processed to a digital gift card. (30天后，退款将处理为数字礼品卡)”可知，30天后退款将以数字礼品卡的形式处理。故选C项。 【典例2】(2025 全国高考英语I卷 A) The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. CARS — Batteries Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge. TRAINS — Electricity Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. TRUCKS — Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive. SHIPS — Liquid ammonia Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign. This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A. Planes. B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships. 23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. 【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比，以及飞机、汽车等各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% (道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% (道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS — Electricity部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. (一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化；其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中““We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get used,” says Wipke. (Wipke说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)”可知，Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B项。 【类型二：阅读理解之记叙文】 【设题特点】 记叙文是高考英语阅读理解常考文体。其设题特点紧扣“故事”本质，主要围绕情节发展、人物塑造、情感变化和主题寓意这几个核心维度展开。 一、设题核心：聚焦“故事六要素” 题目不会平铺直叙地考查事实，而是围绕记叙文的六要素进行深度理解和推断：人物 (Characters)：特点、关系、情感与动机；情节 (Plot)：事件顺序、关键转折(高潮)、因果逻辑；环境 (Setting)：时间地点背景及其对情节/人物的烘托作用；主题 (Theme)：故事揭示的深层含义、作者意图或人生启示。 二、四大高频题型与设题点 1. 细节理解题 特点：考查对故事具体信息(5W1H)的精准定位。但高考记叙文的细节题常为 “间接信息题” ，需结合上下文理解，不能直接照搬原文。 设问方式： What happened to...? Why did the character do...? How did the character feel when...? 2. 推理判断题(重难点) 特点：答案不直接存在于原文，需要考生根据人物言行、情节发展、环境描写等进行逻辑推导。这是记叙文考查的核心能力。 常见设题点：人物推断：性格、动机、情感变化、相互关系。 情节预测/回推：事件原因、未写明的结果、某情节的隐含意义。 写作意图推断：作者或文中人物某句话、某个举动的目的。 3. 词义/句意猜测题的特点：重点考查在具体语境中理解生词、熟词生义或关键句子的能力。记叙文的语境(情节和情感)为此提供了充分线索。 解题关键：利用上下文情节逻辑、人物情感态度、同义/反义解释或定义进行推断。 4. 主旨大意与标题归纳题 特点：考查对整个故事核心(经历了什么？明白了什么？)的把握。需跳出细节，抓住故事脉络和最终落点。 设问方式： What is the main idea of the passage? What is the best title for the passage? What lesson did the author learn from the experience? 干扰项特征：以偏概全(只概括部分情节)、过度拔高(脱离故事本身的空洞道理)。 三、选项设计常见陷阱 张冠李戴：将发生在A人物/时间的情节，安到B身上。 无中生有：选项内容看似合理，但原文完全未提及。 偷换概念：轻微改动原文关键词，导致意思发生根本改变。 正误参半：前半句正确，后半句错误；或表述绝对化。 肤浅表面：对于主旨题或推断题，选项停留在故事表面，未触及深层情感或主题。 【典例3】(25-26高三上·河北保定·期中) Last September, I drove to a protected wetland near my home in Oakland, California. It was the first time that I had gone somewhere merely to watch birds. Since this unique journey, I’ve seen 452 species, including 307 this year alone. In some birding circles, people claim anyone who looks at birds is a birder. I’ve cared about birds and other animals for my entire life, and I’ve written about them throughout my two decades as a science writer, but I mark the moment when I specifically chose to devote time and energy to them as the moment I became a birder. Birding has significantly increased the time spent outdoors. It has motivated me to explore Oakland in ways I never would have. While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus only on the present, and my head becomes extremely untroubled. I also feel a much deeper connection to the natural world, which I have long written about but always remained slightly distant from. These recent years have taught me that I’m smaller when I’m not actively looking after myself, that I have value for my world and my community beyond ceaseless production, and that pursuits like birding that encourage joy, wonder and bond with places are not sidebars to a fulfilled life but the essence. It’s easy to perceive birding as something you do when you’re not working, not being productive, and even an escape from reality. Instead, for me, birding means absorbing myself in the present moment: my thoughts quiet, my senses heightened, and I respond to real, observable events in nature with focused awareness without being distracted (使分心) by small, unimportant matters. I don’t need to know who the main characters are on social media and what everyone is commenting on them, when I can instead spend an hour trying to locate a rare bird. 1. Why did the author think the journey to the wetland special? A. He protected bird species there. B. He fell in love with birding again. C. He made his true start as a birder. D. He completed his writing during it. 2. What does the underlined word “impervious” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Attentive. B. Subject. C. Resistant. D. Sensitive. 3. What lesson does the author probably learn? A. Outdoor pursuits are a must-have. B. Self-care can help fuel self-worth. C. Happiness serves as the core of life. D. Productivity defines personal value. 4. How does the author view birding according to the last paragraph? A. A complete engagement with reality. B. A temporary escape from busy life. C. A training in focus and observation. D. A substitute for online activities. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. C 4. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去年九月一次偶然的观鸟之旅让他正式成为观鸟者，此后观鸟不仅增加了他的户外时间、让他更亲近自然，还让他领悟到生活的本质，重新认识了观鸟的意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“It was the first time that I had gone somewhere merely to watch birds. Since this unique journey, I’ve seen 452 species, including 307 this year alone. (这是我第一次专门去某个地方观鸟。自从这次特别的旅行后，我已经见过452种鸟类，仅今年就有307种)”及第二段“I’ve cared about birds and other animals for my entire life, and I’ve written about them throughout my two decades as a science writer, but I mark the moment when I specifically chose to devote time and energy to them as the moment I became a birder. (我一生都在关心鸟类和其他动物，在我作为一名科学作家的二十年里，我一直在写关于它们的文章，但我把我特别选择为它们投入时间和精力的那一刻标记为我成为观鸟者的那一时刻)”可知，作者认为这次湿地之旅特别，是因为它让自己真正开启了观鸟者的身份。故选C。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus only on the present, and my head becomes extremely untroubled (观鸟时，我似乎对冷热饥渴都impervious。我的感官只专注于当下，内心变得异常平静)”可知，观鸟时作者专注于当下，不受冷热饥渴的影响，因此“impervious”意为“抵抗的、不受影响的”。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“These recent years have taught me that I’m smaller when I’m not actively looking after myself, that I have value for my world and my community beyond ceaseless production, and that pursuits like birding that encourage joy, wonder and bond with places are not sidebars to a fulfilled life but the essence (这些年我明白了，当我不积极关爱自己时，我会变得渺小；除了无休止的工作产出，我对自己的世界和社区也有价值；而像观鸟这样能带来喜悦、惊奇并与周遭建立联结的追求，并非充实生活的点缀，而是其本质)”可知，作者领悟到能带来快乐的追求是生活的核心，即幸福是生活的核心。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead, for me, birding means absorbing myself in the present moment: my thoughts quiet, my senses heightened, and I respond to real, observable events in nature with focused awareness without being distracted by small, unimportant matters (相反，对我来说，观鸟意味着全身心投入当下：思绪沉静，感官敏锐，我以专注的意识回应自然界中真实可观察的事物，不会被琐碎小事分心)”可知，作者认为观鸟是对现实的全身心投入。故选A。 【典例3】(2025 全国高考英语I卷 B) In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary. C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic. 26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 27. What does the author’s experience show? A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect. 【答案】24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。 24. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——因父母反对她年少的爱情而心碎离世。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 25. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.(大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。 26. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (结果是staggering。学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可知，学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。staggering意为“令人震惊的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing(惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。 27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A. “Teaching is learning (教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。 【类型三：阅读理解之说明文】 【设题特点】 英语阅读理解中的说明文，其设题特点侧重于信息定位、逻辑判断、词义理解和主旨概括等语言应用能力。设题紧扣文章细节与整体，旨在考查考生在英语语境下处理信息、分析问题的综合素养。 以下是高考英语说明文阅读的四大核心设题特点与应对策略： 一、细节理解题：这是占比最高的题型，要求准确查找并理解文中的具体信息。 常见设问方式： According to the passage, what/why/when/how...? Which of the following is (NOT) true? All of the following are mentioned EXCEPT... 特点与策略： 定位是关键：根据题干关键词(人名、地名、数字、专有名词等)迅速定位到原文具体句子或段落。 同义替换是核心：正确答案往往不是原文原词，而是用不同的词语、句型进行同义转述。例如，原文用“responsible for”，选项可能用“is the cause of”。 警惕干扰项：常见干扰项包括：无中生有(文中未提及)、张冠李戴(信息错配)、偷换概念(细节信息被微小改动)、绝对化(使用all, never, always等极端词汇，而原文是often, sometimes)。 二、词义猜测题：考查通过上下文语境推断生词或熟词生义的能力。 常见设问方式： The underlined word “...” in Paragraph X probably means ______. The word “...” could best be replaced by ______. 特点与策略： 上下文线索：定义或解释(is, means, that is, in other words, 破折号、括号等)。举例(such as, for example, like)。同义词/反义词(similarly, likewise; but, however, unlike)。因果关系(because, so, therefore)。生活常识或逻辑推理。 三、推理判断题：要求基于文章已知信息进行合理推断，找到“言外之意”。 常见设问方式： We can infer from the passage that... What is the author’s attitude towards...? The passage is probably taken from... (a science magazine, a news report, etc.) The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to... 特点与策略： 推断必须有据：答案不能是原文明确陈述的事实，也不能是凭空臆想，必须是文章信息逻辑推导出的必然结果。 识别作者观点：注意区分客观事实和作者的主观评价。关注形容词、副词及带有感情色彩的句子。 判断文章来源：根据文章话题(科技、环保、文化等)、语言风格(正式、通俗)和读者对象来判断。 四、主旨大意题：考查对文章整体内容、结构或段落大意的概括能力。 常见设问方式： What is the main idea of the passage? Which of the following is the best title for the passage? What does the passage mainly talk about? 特点与策略： 找主题句：说明文的主题句常出现在首段或尾段，段落主题句常在段首或段尾。高频词提示：反复出现的核心词汇或概念是文章主旨的重要线索。选项特征：最佳标题或主旨应具有概括性(覆盖全文，不偏颇)、针对性(紧扣文章中心，而非某细节)。 【高考英语说明文备考核心建议】 先题后文，定位阅读：先快速浏览题干(不读选项，防干扰)，圈出关键词，再带着问题去原文定位扫描，高效准确。 强化同义替换意识：平时背单词和做练习时，主动积累常见词的同义、近义表达。这是解题的“命门”。 理清段落逻辑关系：注意表示转折(but, however)、因果(because, therefore)、递进(moreover, furthermore)的连接词，它们往往是出题点。 树立篇章意识：做完题后，尝试用一两句话概括文章大意，长期训练可提升整体把握能力。 限时训练：高考阅读时间紧张，平时练习需设定时限，培养快速捕捉信息的能力。 【典例5】(2025·浙江杭州·模拟预测) A new study has found that breathing does more than just move air in and out of your lungs — it could even be used to identify who you are. Scientists at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that each person has a distinct breathing pattern, known as a nasal (鼻的) breathing “fingerprint”, a unique pattern that reveals clues about a person’s physical and mental health. Notably, brain scientist Timna Soroka shared, “We were able to identify differences between less depressed and non-depressed individuals.” The researchers originally set out to better understand how our sense of smell works. In humans, the brain processes smell during inhalation (吸入), and this close connection between the brain and breathing led the team to wonder: could our breathing patterns reflect the way our brains are wired — and be unique to each of us? To explore this question, they developed a lightweight, wearable device that tracks nasal airflow continuously for 24 hours. The study, published in the journal Current Biology, tested 100 healthy young adults as they went about their regular routines — running, studying, resting, and more. The results showed breathing patterns can identify individuals with 96.8 percent accuracy. “I thought it would be really hard to identify someone because everyone is doing different things,” said Soroka. “But it turns out their breathing patterns were remarkably distinct!” Beyond individual identification, the study also found clear links between breathing patterns and body mass index (BMI), sleep-wake cycles, and mental health traits such as anxiety and depression. For example, people who scored higher on anxiety tests tended to have shorter inhalation periods. Importantly, the researchers noted that they only know there is an association between breathing and mood, but they don’t know the cause-and-effect direction — whether feeling anxious changes breathing, or a certain breathing pattern causes anxiety. If the latter is true, changing how we breathe could potentially improve mood. However, the current device has drawbacks: it uses soft tubes under the nose that can be uncomfortable to wear and may slip during sleep, and it doesn’t track mouth breathing. The team is working on improving the device and further exploring the breathing-mood connection to unlock more practical applications. 1. Why is breathing “fingerprint” mentioned? A. To explain how the brain processes smell. B. To introduce a newly-invented tracking device. C. To show a link between breathing and depression. D. To stress the uniqueness of personal breathing pattern. 2. What does the underlined word mean? A. Connected. B. Powered. C. Controlled. D. Trained. 3. What can we infer about the relationship between breathing and mood? A. Changes in breath cure anxiety. B. Anxiety always causes abnormal breathing. C. Their exact relationship remains unclear. D. Breathing is responsible for negative mood. 4. What is the main finding of this research? A. Our fingerprints tell a lot about our health. B. Breathing patterns link to identity and health. C. A groundbreaking device reveals mental health. D. Anxiety levels link to shorter inhalation periods. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究发现呼吸模式具有独特性，可用于身份识别，且与身心健康指标存在关联。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientists at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that each person has a distinct breathing pattern, known as a nasal (鼻的) breathing “fingerprint”, a unique pattern that reveals clues about a person’s physical and mental health. (以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的科学家发现，每个人都有独特的呼吸模式，被称为鼻呼吸“指纹”，这种独特的模式能揭示出一个人身心健康的相关线索。)”可知，提到呼吸“指纹”是为了强调个人呼吸模式的独特性。故选D项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“In humans, the brain processes smell during inhalation (吸入), and this close connection between the brain and breathing led the team to wonder: could our breathing patterns reflect the way our brains are wired—and be unique to each of us? (人类的大脑在吸气过程中处理气味信息，大脑与呼吸之间的这种紧密联系让研究团队产生了一个疑问：我们的呼吸模式是否能反映出大脑的连接方式——并且每个人的模式都是独一无二的呢？)”可知，此处“wired”指的是大脑内部的神经连接方式，与“Connected”意思相近。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Importantly, the researchers noted that they only know there is an association between breathing and mood, but they don’t know the cause-and-effect direction — whether feeling anxious changes breathing, or a certain breathing pattern causes anxiety. (重要的是，研究人员指出，他们只知道呼吸和情绪之间存在关联，但并不知道两者之间的因果关系——究竟是焦虑情绪改变了呼吸，还是某种呼吸模式引发了焦虑。)”可知，呼吸和情绪之间的确切关系目前仍不明确。故选C项。 4. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study has found that breathing does more than just move air in and out of your lungs — it could even be used to identify who you are.(一项新研究发现，呼吸的作用绝不仅仅是让空气在肺部进出 —— 它甚至还能用来识别个人身份。)”以及第四段中的“Beyond individual identification, the study also found clear links between breathing patterns and body mass index (BMI), sleep-wake cycles, and mental health traits such as anxiety and depression. (除了用于身份识别外，该研究还发现呼吸模式与身体质量指数、睡眠-觉醒周期以及焦虑、抑郁等心理健康特征之间存在明显关联。)”可知，这项研究的主要发现是呼吸模式与身份识别和健康状况都存在关联。故选B项。 【典例6】(2023新课标Ⅰ卷, C) The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 28. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。 28. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。 29. 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。 30. 推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。 31. 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。 【类型四：阅读理解之议论文】 【设题特点】 阅读理解中的议论文，旨在考查考生理解作者观点、分析论证逻辑、评估论据和把握篇章结构的能力。这类文章逻辑性强，观点鲜明，设题也紧紧围绕议论文的文体特征展开。 一、主旨观点题：议论文的核心题型，考查对作者核心论点、写作意图或文章整体基调的把握。 常见设问方式： What is the main idea/argument of the passage? What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? What is the author’s attitude towards...? Which of the following can best serve as the title? 特点与策略： 寻找论点句：论点通常在文章开头(开门见山)或结尾(总结归纳)。首段末句和末段首句也是高频出现位置。 识别作者态度词：关注带有情感色彩或评价性的词汇(如：beneficial, misleading, should, unfortunately, overly optimistic等)。 概括性而非细节性：正确选项必须能概括全文核心思想，过于具体或片面的细节通常是干扰项。 二、细节论证题：考查对支持论点的具体论据、事实、例子或原因的理解。 常见设问方式： Why does the author mention...? According to the passage, what is the reason for...? The author uses the example of... to show that ______. 特点与策略： 明确论据与论点的关系：论据永远是为论点服务的。答题时需思考“这个细节是为了证明什么观点？”，答案通常指向段落主旨或全文论点。 定位与同义替换：与说明文一样，根据关键词定位，并注意选项中的同义转述。 三、推理判断题：难度较高的题型，要求基于文章信息，对作者未明确陈述的内容、潜在含义或可能产生的结果进行合理推断。 常见设问方式： What can be inferred from the passage? The author would probably agree that... What is the implied meaning of...? The passage is most likely written for ______ (what kind of readers). 特点与策略： 立足文本，逻辑推导：答案必须基于文章明确信息进行一步合理的逻辑延伸(如因果、对比、归纳)。切忌无依据的主观臆测。 识别弦外之音：注意作者的反讽、疑问、假设等语气，这些往往是推理的线索。 判断读者对象：根据文章话题的深度、专业术语的使用、写作的口吻来推断目标读者(如公众、专家、政策制定者等)。 四、词义/句意猜测题 在议论文中，这类题不仅考查词义，更常考查特定语境下关键词或关键句的深层含义及在论证中的作用。 常见设问方式： The underlined sentence in Paragraph X probably means that ______. By saying “...”, the author intends to ______. 特点与策略： 结合论点理解：关键句往往是作者表达核心观点或进行重要论证的句子，必须放在上下文的逻辑关系(如转折、递进、因果)和全文主旨中去理解。 分析修辞功能：思考这句话是用于举例、对比、反驳还是强调。 五、结构/逻辑关系题：直接考查对议论文论证脉络和逻辑结构的把握。 常见设问方式： How is the passage organized? What is the function of the X paragraph? The author develops his argument mainly by ______ (e.g., comparing, giving examples, raising questions). 特点与策略： 掌握常见论证结构：提出论点—列举论据—总结重申(经典结构)。现象/问题—分析原因—提出解决方案。驳斥错误观点—提出自己观点—论证。 关注连接词：However, therefore, for example, on the other hand, in conclusion等词是文章逻辑的“路标”。 【典例7】(2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测) Nowadays, the thought that a child’s behavior can be bad — mean, greedy, selfish — is often considered unacceptable especially in the rich and democratic West. Children are treated as a unique category, almost a species apart from adults. This appears in the popular “every child is different” belief, which discourages judging or correcting children so as to honor their uniqueness. One explanation for this is the tendency to view children’s emotions as purely physiological releases of stress, beyond moral evaluation. Brain-body parenting, for instance, argues that young children lack the neural wiring for self-control and therefore should not be expected to regulate their behavior. Parents are urged not to correct wrongdoing but simply to narrate emotions — “You’re feeling very angry right now.” But human emotions are inseparable from understanding: Fear reflects a sense of threat, disappointment signals unmet expectations; jealousy implies perceiving another as a rival. Meaning shapes feeling, even in toddlers. Merely labeling a child’s anger without explaining when anger is appropriate or how it may harm others deprives them of an understanding of what they are feeling. The psychoanalyst Wilfred Bion explained in Learning from Experience (1962) that when parents interpret and respond to a baby’s behavior, they transform raw sense experiences into meaningful thoughts. Moral and emotional understanding — knowing justified anger, practicing restraint, respecting others — does not suddenly appear in adulthood. It develops gradually, long before children are able to grasp or express such ideas clearly, as parents offer forms of understanding to their children from the very beginning. As Bion put it, “just as we do not hold back from speaking to little babies because of the worry that they are unable to use words, so we should not hold back from initiating kids to our understanding of what counts as good and bad behavior.” The idea that a parent can remain neutral toward their child’s behaviour is at best naive and at worst dangerous. The deeper question parents need to ask is: Who do we want our toddlers to become? Unless we begin with a vision of the kind of person we hope to raise, we will always be chasing the latest parenting trend, or, perhaps, our child’s every mood. 1. How would parents usually respond to children’s misbehavior in the West? A. They try to categorize all their mistakes. B. They point out and punish it immediately. C. They judge it by moral standards of adults. D. They forgive it to ensure kids’ individuality. 2. What does the author think of the brain-body parenting? A. It overlooks the role of understanding in emotions. B. It is a practical solution to reduce children’s stress. C. It helps parents handle children’s negative moods. D. It highlights the biological basis of kids’ misbehavior. 3. What can we learn about moral education according to Wilfred Bion? A. Kids know nothing about moral rules. B. Language and morals develop hand in hand. C. Moral rules should be nurtured from early ages. D. Children’s abilities mature when they grow up. 4. What does the author advise parents to do in the last paragraph? A. Follow new parenting trends closely. B. Set clear aims for their child’s growth. C. Stay neutral about their child’s behavior. D. Let moods guide their parenting choices. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了如今在富裕民主的西方，人们对待孩子不良行为的态度，指出不应因尊重孩子独特性而忽视对其不良行为的纠正，强调了理解在孩子情绪中的重要性，以及道德教育应从小开始，并建议父母要为孩子的成长设定明确目标。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This appears in the popular ‘every child is different’ belief, which discourages judging or correcting children so as to honor their uniqueness.(这体现在流行的‘每个孩子都不一样’的观念中，这种观念不鼓励评判或纠正孩子，以尊重他们的独特性。)”可知，在西方，父母通常会原谅孩子的不良行为以确保孩子的个性。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“But human emotions are inseparable from understanding: Fear reflects a sense of threat, disappointment signals unmet expectations; jealousy implies perceiving another as a rival. Meaning shapes feeling, even in toddlers. Merely labeling a child’s anger without explaining when anger is appropriate or how it may harm others deprives them of an understanding of what they are feeling.(但人类的情绪与理解是分不开的：恐惧反映了一种威胁感，失望表明期望未得到满足；嫉妒意味着将他人视为竞争对手。意义塑造感觉，即使是在蹒跚学步的孩子身上也是如此。仅仅给孩子贴上愤怒的标签，而不解释什么时候愤怒是合适的，或者它可能会如何伤害他人，这剥夺了他们对自己感受的理解。)”可推知，作者认为大脑—身体育儿法忽视了理解在情绪中的作用。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Moral and emotional understanding — knowing justified anger, practicing restraint, respecting others — does not suddenly appear in adulthood. It develops gradually, long before children are able to grasp or express such ideas clearly, as parents offer forms of understanding to their children from the very beginning. (道德和情感理解——知道什么是合理的愤怒，练习克制，尊重他人——并不是在成年后突然出现的。它是在孩子们能够清楚地理解或表达这些想法之前很久就逐渐发展起来的，因为父母从一开始就向孩子们提供理解的形式。)”可推知，根据Wilfred Bion的观点，道德规则应该从小培养。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The deeper question parents need to ask is: Who do we want our toddlers to become? Unless we begin with a vision of the kind of person we hope to raise, we will always be chasing the latest parenting trend, or, perhaps, our child’s every mood. (父母需要问的一个更深层次的问题是：我们希望我们的孩子成为什么样的人？除非我们一开始就对我们希望培养的人有一个愿景，否则我们将永远在追逐最新的育儿趋势，或者，也许，我们孩子的每一种情绪。)”可推知，作者建议父母在最后一段为孩子的成长设定明确的目标。故选B项。 【典例8】(2023全国乙卷, D) If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable. 33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people. C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided. 34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society. 35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories 【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。 32. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。 33. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。 34. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。 35. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。 (建议用时：30分钟) 【类型一：阅读理解之应用文】 【保分练1】(25-26高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试) Win Theatre Tokens Christmas and the New Year are a perfect time to see a show. So we’re giving you the chance to win a £350 Theatre Token Gift Card or eGift to treat your family to a show this Winter. Maybe you’ll see your favourite mime, a West End musical or take a trip to a venue you’ve not visited before — winter is the perfect time to escape the cold and make memories at the theatre. If you’re looking to tick off the final few names on your Christmas list, you could pay it forward as Theatre Tokens make the perfect present. They have no end date, and they can be used at more than 270 theatres including all of London’s West End. Run by Society of London Theatre, a not-for-profit organization, Theatre Tokens are a gift that gives back. Enter now for your chance to win a £350 Theatre Tokens Gift Card or eGift whether you treat yourself or give to a loved one. SIMPLY ANSWER THE QUESTION CORRECTLY TO MAKE YOU QUALIFIED TO WIN. Where can Theatre Tokens be used? A. At more than 270 theatres including all of London’s West End. B. 10 theatres. C. 20 theatres. Simply answer A, B or C on the entry form or enter online. See page 151. 1. Which of the following is a major advantage of Theatre Tokens? A. You can resell them. B. They have no time limit. C. They help escape the cold. D. You can use them around London. 2. Why is a Question & Answer section designed below the picture? A. To set a bar for entry. B. To add extra information. C. To collect personal opinions. D. To arouse the readers’ curiosity. 3. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To compare different shows. B. To promote theatre gift cards. C. To encourage people to donate. D. To introduce the Theatre Tokens. 【保分练2】(2026年1月浙江高考首考 A) The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs at the Beachway in conjunction with the Ontario Culture Days. This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers to create artwork that will be displayed on temporary signs along the multi-use path. This call is open to Burlington-based artists and is open to all art forms that can be presented in a sign format. This includes, but is not limited to: visual art, graphic art, photography, poetry, short story, non-fiction, etc. Submissions may be from existing or newly created work. The artist fee for this project is $ 400. The City of Burlington will pay for all costs related to the production, installation (安装) and maintenance of the signs. Estimated Project Timeline August2 Call for Artists responses due By August 12 Successful artists selected; enter into a con tract with the City of Burlington September6 Final artwork files due September 23-October 13 Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch (草图) of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 21. What is the purpose of this text? A. To raise money for local artists. B. To release a collection of artwork. C. To introduce a cultural festival. D. To call for artworks for a project. 22. How long will the public art signs be on display? A. Ten days. B. Three weeks. C. One month. D. Two months. 23. Which of the following meets the application requirements? A. A 150-word poem. B. A 100-word self-introduction. C. A 300-word story. D. A 200-word artwork statement. 【类型二：阅读理解之记叙文】 【保分练3】(25-26高三上·河北保定·期中) Last September, I drove to a protected wetland near my home in Oakland, California. It was the first time that I had gone somewhere merely to watch birds. Since this unique journey, I’ve seen 452 species, including 307 this year alone. In some birding circles, people claim anyone who looks at birds is a birder. I’ve cared about birds and other animals for my entire life, and I’ve written about them throughout my two decades as a science writer, but I mark the moment when I specifically chose to devote time and energy to them as the moment I became a birder. Birding has significantly increased the time spent outdoors. It has motivated me to explore Oakland in ways I never would have. While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus only on the present, and my head becomes extremely untroubled. I also feel a much deeper connection to the natural world, which I have long written about but always remained slightly distant from. These recent years have taught me that I’m smaller when I’m not actively looking after myself, that I have value for my world and my community beyond ceaseless production, and that pursuits like birding that encourage joy, wonder and bond with places are not sidebars to a fulfilled life but the essence. It’s easy to perceive birding as something you do when you’re not working, not being productive, and even an escape from reality. Instead, for me, birding means absorbing myself in the present moment: my thoughts quiet, my senses heightened, and I respond to real, observable events in nature with focused awareness without being distracted (使分心) by small, unimportant matters. I don’t need to know who the main characters are on social media and what everyone is commenting on them, when I can instead spend an hour trying to locate a rare bird. 1. Why did the author think the journey to the wetland special? A. He protected bird species there. B. He fell in love with birding again. C. He made his true start as a birder. D. He completed his writing during it. 2. What does the underlined word “impervious” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Attentive. B. Subject. C. Resistant. D. Sensitive. 3. What lesson does the author probably learn? A. Outdoor pursuits are a must-have. B. Self-care can help fuel self-worth. C. Happiness serves as the core of life. D. Productivity defines personal value. 4. How does the author view birding according to the last paragraph? A. A complete engagement with reality. B. A temporary escape from busy life. C. A training in focus and observation. D. A substitute for online activities. 【保分练4】(2025全国高考I卷 B) In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary. C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic. 26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 27. What does the author’s experience show? A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect. (建议用时：30分钟) 【类型三：阅读理解之说明文】 【抢分练】（25-26高三上·湖南长沙） It is widely acknowledged that crows are highly intelligent with cognitive abilities similar to those of 5-to 7-year-old children. Past research shows that they can count to four and distinguish human voices and faces, and some species can even create tools for future use. Lately, a special study has expanded this list further, revealing that crows can recognize basic geometric features, such as side lengths, parallel lines, and right angles, and tell apart shapes like stars, crescents, squares, and irregular four-sided figures. With the purpose of testing the crows’ geometric skills, scientists showed two crows six shapes on a digital screen and trained them to peck (啄) at the outlier—the shape that looked different from the rest. When the birds chose correctly, they were rewarded with a tasty snack. At first, the researchers made the outlier obvious, such as one flower among five crescents. As the birds got used to the task, the shapes became more similar including squares and irregular four-sided figures. Despite the increasing difficulty, the crows continued to identify the outlier correctly. The shape recognition ability of crows remains a topic of interest for researchers. They suspect this ability may help them with navigation as they fly around. The birds may have also developed this ability to help them search for food or identify other individual crows — including potential mates — based on their facial features. “All these abilities, at the end of the day, from a biological point of view, have evolved because they provide a survival advantage or a reproductive advantage,” says study senior author Andreas Nieder, a neurophysiologist at the University of Tübingen in Germany. In the future, researchers hope to explore which areas of the birds’ brains are responsible for their exceptional ability in geometry. Birds don’t have a cerebral cortex (大脑皮层)—at least, not in the same way that humans do. But for us, that part of the brain is responsible for thinking and other complex functions. Crows still have these abilities, so the researchers assume there must be something else going on inside their heads. “Obviously, evolution found two different ways of giving rise to behaviorally flexible animals,” Nieder says. 1. What does the recent study reveal about crows? A. They can draw simple figures with tools. B. They can distinguish between basic shapes in geometry. C. They can do easy math calculations. D. They can recognize human voices and faces. 2. How did the researchers increase the difficulty of the shape- recognition task? A. By shortening the time for the crows to respond. B. By presenting more familiar shapes on the screen. C. By showing the figures with different colors. D. By enhancing the similarity among the shapes. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The role of crows’ geometric potential in navigation. B. Reasons for crows to evolve shape identification abilities. C. Survival benefits of crows’ cognitive talents. D. The advantages of crows’ food-searching skills over other birds. 4. What is the follow-up step for future study? A. Investigating crows’ brain areas related to geometric skills. B. Comparing the cerebral cortex of humans and crows. C. Exploring other complex functions of crows’ brains. D. Studying the causes of crows’ flexible behaviors. 【抢分练2】(2025高考北京卷D) The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 31. What can be inferred about personal stories? A. They are unrelated to health. B. Consistent ones lead to stress. C. They are relevant to happiness. D. Thematic ones hold back change. 32. What can we learn from this passage? A. Talking about gains from failure is negative. B. New Year resolutions are well received. C. The West tends to overvalue optimism. D. Social roles fail to be highlighted. 33. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Clarify a goal. B. Analyse an event. C. Make a comparison. D. Illustrate an approach. 34. What is the passage mainly about? A. How self-identity works. B. How story-tellers are made. C. How personal stories raise doubts. D. How timing affects personal identity. 【类型四：阅读理解之议论文】 【抢分练3】（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测） When my beautiful firstborn turned one, about 70 people came to the pub to celebrate. There were drinks, meals, and singing. They were celebrating me. But since then, his birthdays have become about him and his friends and the quality of the event has gone downhill quickly. My kid’s demands of his own parties have become louder. The days of a cake with a single candle in it have long gone. Now a theme must be followed, his interests reflected, his wishes regarding the guest list heard. And so, I do my bit: putting out sugary treats, frantically cleaning, worrying nobody will come, getting stressed when they do. When the time comes, and his friends arrive at the party, the chaos begins. What chance do the little ones have to learn social graces when their role models are stuck making awkward conversations with other parents they barely know and shout “Oi!” mid-sentence to break up a dispute or get their kids out of a tree? In these moments, I dream of a promised land, where the kid can be dropped off at a party and I can spend the time quietly meditating or scrolling my phone. I have not yet arrived there but other parents tell me it exists, and it sounds like paradise. Despite my inability to gracefully host a birthday party, the fact that my kid has lived another year is a triumph. He grows, he changes, he asks questions, he goes to school, he has parts of his life that I am not a part of. It’s scary and it should be celebrated. As society becomes increasingly isolated and screen-focused, kids’ parties can be part of the cure. They build real-world relationships and our kids’ friends at these ages could be part of our lives forever. Every connection is a new or potential friend. What could be more social than celebrating life’s mundane milestones? After all, the worst part of a party is not being invited. 1. Why does the author describe her own party-hosting efforts? A. To introduce a solution to the party chaos. B. To convey a sense of personal burden and anxiety. C. To argue that such efforts are ultimately unnecessary. D. To highlight the author’s exceptional skills and enjoyment. 2. What does the author imply about parents’ behavior at children’s parties? A. They effectively manage all conflicts. B. They set good examples for children. C. They enjoy meaningful conversations. D. Their social interactions are often forced. 3. What does “the promised land” refer to in paragraph 5? A. A perfect party venue for kids. B. A real community event space. C. A future stage of no restrictions. D. An ideal party carefree for parents. 4. How does the author feel about the current trend of children’s birthday parties? A. Wholly enthusiastic. B. Partly appreciative. C. Largely indifferent. D. Completely opposed. 【抢分练4】(2025浙江高考首考 B) When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 24. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed. C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats. 25. Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A. Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B. Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C. Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D. Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 26. What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A. Make diet decisions on their own. B. Share their food with other kids. C. Eat up what is provided for them. D. Help their parents do the dishes. 27. What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $