Unit 1 语法2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

新外研版英语八年级下册U1语法： 一般现在时被动语态讲解及练习 一、核心概念 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，一般现在时被动语态用于描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作或客观事实。 二、核心结构 主语 + am/is/are + 动词的过去分词（done） 单数名词/不可数名词/第三人称单数作主语 → is + 过去分词 - 复数名词/第一、二人称作主语 → are + 过去分词 - I 作主语 → am + 过去分词 例句 1. English is spoken in many countries.（英语在很多国家被使用。） 2. These flowers are watered every day.（这些花每天都被浇水。） 3. I am asked to clean the classroom.（我被要求打扫教室。） 三、主动语态变被动语态的步骤 1. 找宾语：把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语； 2. 变谓语：主动句谓语动词 → am/is/are + 过去分词； 3. 加 by：主动句主语放在 by 后作宾语（若动作执行者不重要，可省略 by 短语）。 转换示例： 主动语态--- 被动语态 People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south. 四、常见用法 1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁：The window is broken.（窗户被打破了。） 2. 强调动作的承受者而非执行者：This song is loved by many teenagers.（这首歌被很多青少年喜爱。） 3. 动作执行者是泛指的人/物：Books are sold in this shop.（这家店卖书。） 五、高频易错点 1. 主谓一致：主语单复数决定 be 动词用 is/are，不可混用。 ❌ The letter are written by Tom. ✅ The letter is written by Tom. 2. 不规则过去分词：需牢记常见不规则动词的过去分词，如 write → written, make → made, take → taken。 3. 不可遗漏 be 动词：被动语态的核心是 “be + 过去分词”，缺少 be 动词会导致句子结构错误。 六、专项练习题 （一）根据汉语提示完成句子 1. The classroom ____________ (clean) every day. 2. Paper ____________ (make) from wood. 3. I ____________ (tell) to finish the work before 5:00 p.m. 4. These trees ____________ (water) by the students every week. 5. This kind of watch ____________ (produce) in Guangzhou. （二）将下列主动语态改为被动语态 1. People speak Chinese in China. 2. We use computers to do many things. 3. She washes her clothes every weekend. 4. They make this kind of toy in this factory. （二）句型转换 1. Chinese is spoken in China (by people). 2. Computers are used to do many things (by us). 3. Her clothes are washed by her every weekend. 4. This kind of toy is made in this factory (by them). 易错点专项错题集 一、 主谓一致错误 1. 错误：The apples is eaten by the boy every day. 正确：The apples are eaten by the boy every day. 解析：主语 the apples 是复数，be动词需用 are，不能和单数主语的 is 混用。 2. 错误：This book are read by many students. 正确：This book is read by many students. 解析：主语 this book 是单数名词，be动词需用 is。 二、 遗漏be动词（被动语态核心错误） 1. 错误：The classroom cleaned every afternoon. 正确：The classroom is cleaned every afternoon. 解析：被动语态结构是 be+过去分词，缺少be动词 is 会导致句子成分残缺。 2. 错误：I asked to finish homework on time every day. 正确：I am asked to finish homework on time every day. 解析：主语 I 是动作承受者，需用 am+过去分词 构成被动，不能直接用动词过去分词。 三、 不规则动词过去分词误用 1. 错误：The letter wrote by my father yesterday.（注意：本题虽时间为yesterday，但此处是学生混淆时态+分词的典型错误迁移） 正确：The letter was written by my father yesterday. 解析：write 的过去分词是 written，不是原形 write 或过去式 wrote；一般现在时被动中同理，如 The letter is written by my father every week. 2. 错误：Rice growed in the south of China. 正确：Rice is grown in the south of China. 解析：grow 的过去分词是 grown，属于不规则变化，需特殊记忆。 四、 by短语滥用（动作执行者无需强调时） 1. 错误：Tea is drunk by people all over the world. 正确：Tea is drunk all over the world. 解析：当动作执行者是泛指的 people 时，by短语可省略，避免句子冗余。 五、 主动与被动语态混淆 1. 错误：Many trees plant in our school every year. 正确：Many trees are planted in our school every year. 解析：trees 是“被种植”的对象，需用被动语态；主动语态主语应是人，如 We plant many trees in our school every year. 六、 综合巩固错题（单句改错） 1. These rules is made to keep students safe. → 2. The window broke by a little boy yesterday. → 3. Milk is drink by children every morning. → 4. English is speaking in this classroom. → 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $