Unit 1 Career talks语法精讲精练专项训练2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语下册

**基本信息** 聚焦被动语态基础时态，以“定义-转换方法-时态构成-句式变化”为逻辑链，通过三步法和易错警示构建系统性方法体系，配套分层练习实现语言能力与思维品质的协同提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识精讲|定义/三步法/时态构成|主动变被动三步法；be动词时态/人称/数一致性原则；四大句式变化规则|从被动定义出发，经转换方法过渡到一般现在时、一般将来时被动的构成及对比，形成概念-方法-应用的递进链条| |典型例题|5道中考题型|题干分析+被动标志识别+时态匹配法|覆盖被动判断、时态选择、句式转换核心考法，突出be动词易错点| |综合演练|单选15/填空14/句型转换10|分层训练：基础识别→形式转换→语境应用|从单一知识点到综合运用，匹配中考三大题型，强化学习能力与应试迁移|

外研版八下 Unit 1 Career talks.语法精讲精练 —— 被动语态（一）一般现在时与一般将来时 —— 使用说明 被动语态是初中语态教学的核心，也是中考单项选择、动词填空和句型转换（主动变被动）的必考点。本讲为被动语态第一课时（同步入门版），只聚焦两种最基础的时态——一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态，先讲清「什么是被动、主动怎样变被动」，再逐一落实两种时态被动的构成与肯定、否定、一般疑问、特殊疑问四大句式，为后续学习一般过去时、含情态动词等被动语态打好基础，配套三类分层练习，答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、被动语态的定义 语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态强调主语是动作的执行者；被动语态强调主语是谓语动作的承受者，即主语「被……」。 语态 主语身份 例句 主动语态 主语是动作的执行者 Many people love the song. 许多人喜爱这首歌。 被动语态 主语是动作的承受者 The song is loved by many people. 这首歌被很多人喜爱。 被动语态的基本标志是「be + 动词过去分词」，动作的执行者由 by 引出（by + 宾格），构成 by 短语，放在句末；当执行者不言自明或不必说出时，by 短语常省略。 二、主动语态变被动语态三步法 第一步：「宾变主」——把主动句的宾语提出来，作被动句的主语（代词改用主格）。 第二步：「谓变被」——谓语改为「be + 过去分词」，be 的时态与原主动句保持一致，be 的人称和数与新主语保持一致。 第三步：「主变 by」——原主动句的主语放到 by 后（用宾格），不必强调时可省略。 We clean the classroom every day. → The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 我们每天打扫教室。→ 教室每天（被我们）打扫。 【易错警示】be 动词是被动语态的「灵魂」：时态、人称、数、否定、疑问全都靠 be 来体现，过去分词本身不变化。 三、基础回顾：动词的过去分词 被动语态离不开过去分词（pp.）。规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同：一般加 -ed、以 e 结尾加 -d、辅元辅双写、辅音+y 变 i 加 -ed；不规则动词需单独记忆。 原形 过去式 过去分词 说明 love / clean / play loved / cleaned / played loved / cleaned / played 规则变化 build built built ABB 型 write wrote written ABC 型 speak spoke spoken ABC 型 make / take made / took made / taken ABB / ABC 型 see / do / give saw / did / gave seen / done / given ABC 型 四、一般现在时的被动语态 （一）构成：主语 + am / is / are + 过去分词（+ by 短语） 主语是 I 用 am；第三人称单数用 is；you 及复数用 are。 The song is loved by many people. 这首歌被很多人喜爱。 English is spoken in many countries. 许多国家都讲英语。 Trees are planted in spring every year. 每年春天人们种树。 （二）四大句式变化 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + pp.（+ by...） The room is cleaned every day. 房间每天被打扫。 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + pp.（+ by...） The room isn't cleaned every day. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + pp.（+ by...）? —Is the room cleaned every day? —Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + pp.? Where is the car made? 这辆车是哪里制造的？ 五、一般将来时的被动语态 （一）构成（两种） ① will 型：主语 + will + be + 过去分词（+ by 短语），各人称一律用 will be + pp.。 ② be going to 型：主语 + am/is/are going to + be + 过去分词（+ by 短语）。 The work will be finished tomorrow. 这项工作明天将会完成。 A new library is going to be built in our school next year. 我们学校明年将建一座新图书馆。 【易错警示】将来时被动中 be 动词用原形 be（will be、going to be），不能漏掉，也不能写成 will is/are；其后过去分词不变。 （二）四大句式变化 句式 will 型 be going to 型 肯定句 主语 + will be + pp. 主语 + am/is/are going to be + pp. 否定句 主语 + won't (will not) be + pp. 主语 + am/is/are not going to be + pp. 一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + pp.? Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to be + pp.? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + pp.? 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to be + pp.? Will the work be finished tomorrow? —Yes, it will. / No, it won't. 这项工作明天会完成吗？ 六、两种基础被动语态对比总表 时态 被动结构 be 的形式 时间标志 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + pp. am/is/are every day, often, usually, always The classroom is cleaned every day. 一般将来时 will be + pp. will be（不变） tomorrow, next..., in the future, soon The classroom will be cleaned tomorrow. 一般将来时 am/is/are going to be + pp. 随主语 am/is/are tomorrow, next..., 计划安排 The classroom is going to be cleaned. 七、使用场合与 by 短语的省略 ① 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者；② 需要强调动作的承受者；③ 描述客观事实、科技说明等正式文体。此时 by 短语通常省略。 Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木材造的。（客观事实，无需 by） This bridge was...（一般过去时被动将在第二课时学习） 本讲暂不展开过去时被动。 八、典型例题精讲 【例1】The song ______ by many people. A. loves B. is loved C. loved D. is loving 【答案】B 【解析】主语 song 是「喜爱」的承受者，用被动；一般现在时、单数，用 is loved，故选 B。 【例2】The work ______ tomorrow. A. finishes B. is finished C. will be finished D. will finish 【答案】C 【解析】tomorrow 表将来，work 是「完成」的承受者，用一般将来时被动 will be + 过去分词，故选 C。 【例3】A sports meeting ______ going to ______ held next Friday. A. is; be B. is; / C. are; be D. will; be 【答案】A 【解析】be going to 被动为 be going to be + pp.；主语 a sports meeting 为单数用 is，held 前须有原形 be，故选 A。 【例4】We clean the classroom every day.（改为被动语态） 【答案】The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 【解析】宾语 the classroom 变主语（单数 is），谓语 clean 变 is cleaned，原主语 we 变 by us，every day 保留。 【例5】Where ______ these cars ______? A. are; made B. do; make C. are; make D. is; made 【答案】A 【解析】特殊疑问句被动：疑问词 + are + 主语 these cars（复数）+ 过去分词 made，故选 A。 第二讲 综合演练 题型一 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分） 1. The song ______ by many people. A. loves B. is loved C. loved D. is loving 2. English ______ in many countries around the world. A. speaks B. spoke C. is spoken D. is speaking 3. The classroom ______ by us every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. is cleaning 4. —______ the computer ______ in your daily life? —Yes, it is. A. Is; used B. Does; use C. Is; using D. Are; used 5. The work ______ tomorrow. A. finishes B. is finished C. will be finished D. will finish 6. A new school ______ in our town next year. A. builds B. is built C. will be built D. will build 7. The sports meeting ______ going to ______ held next Friday. A. is; be B. is; / C. are; be D. will; be 8. These books ______ written for young children. A. is B. are C. was D. be 9. Trees ______ in spring every year. A. plant B. are planted C. is planted D. planted 10. ______ the room ______ every day? A. Does; clean B. Is; cleaned C. Is; cleaning D. Are; clean 11. The problem ______ at tomorrow's meeting. A. discusses B. is discussed C. will be discussed D. will discuss 12. Where ______ these cars ______? A. are; made B. do; make C. are; make D. is; made 13. The visitors ______ shown around our school tomorrow. A. are B. will be C. is D. were 14. Paper ______ made from wood. A. is B. are C. be D. were 15. A new library ______ in our school next term. A. builds B. is built C. is going to be built D. built 题型二 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共14分） 1. The song ______ (love) by many people. 2. English ______ (speak) in many countries. 3. The classroom ______ (clean) by us every day. 4. The work ______ (finish) tomorrow. 5. A new school ______ (build) in our town next year. 6. These books ______ (write) for young children. 7. Trees ______ (plant) in spring every year. 8. The sports meeting ______ (hold) next Friday. 9. Paper ______ (make) from wood. 10. The visitors ______ (show) around our school tomorrow. 11. ______ the room ______ (clean) every day? 12. The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. 13. Many stars ______ (see) in the sky at night. 14. A new hospital ______ going to ______ (build) here next year. 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换（每小题2分，共10题） A. 根据汉语意思完成句子（1—5题，每空一词） 1. 这首歌被很多人喜爱。 The song ______ ______ by many people. 2. 许多国家都讲英语。 English ______ ______ in many countries. 3. 这项工作明天将会完成。 The work ______ ______ ______ tomorrow. 4. 我们学校明年将建一座新图书馆。 A new library ______ ______ ______ in our school next year. 5. 教室每天被我们打扫。 The classroom ______ ______ by us every day. B. 句型转换（6—10题，每空一词） 6. Many people love the song.（改为被动语态） The song ______ ______ by many people. 7. We clean the classroom every day.（改为被动语态） The classroom ______ ______ by us every day. 8. They will finish the work tomorrow.（改为被动语态） The work ______ ______ ______ by them tomorrow. 9. English is spoken here.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） ______ English ______ here? —______, ______ ______. 10. We are going to hold a sports meeting next Friday.（改为被动语态） A sports meeting ______ ______ ______ be held next Friday. 答案与解析 题型一 单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【解析】song 是承受者，一般现在时单数被动 is loved 2. 【答案】C 【解析】English 被说，is spoken 3. 【答案】B 【解析】classroom 被打扫，every day 一般现在被动 is cleaned 4. 【答案】A 【解析】一般疑问句 is 提前 + 过去分词 used，单数 5. 【答案】C 【解析】tomorrow 将来，work 被完成，will be finished 6. 【答案】C 【解析】next year 将来被动 will be built 7. 【答案】A 【解析】be going to 被动须有 be；meeting 单数 is 8. 【答案】B 【解析】books 复数，一般现在被动 are written 9. 【答案】B 【解析】trees 复数、每年，are planted 10. 【答案】B 【解析】room 单数一般疑问 Is + cleaned 11. 【答案】C 【解析】tomorrow 将来被动 will be discussed 12. 【答案】A 【解析】特殊疑问，cars 复数 are + made 13. 【答案】B 【解析】tomorrow 将来被动 will be shown 14. 【答案】A 【解析】paper 不可数，客观事实一般现在被动 is made 15. 【答案】C 【解析】next term + be going to 被动 is going to be built 题型二 适当形式填空 1. 【答案】is loved 【解析】song 单数一般现在被动 2. 【答案】is spoken 【解析】语言被说，is spoken 3. 【答案】is cleaned 【解析】every day 一般现在被动，单数 4. 【答案】will be finished 【解析】tomorrow 将来被动 will be + pp. 5. 【答案】will be built 【解析】next year 将来被动 6. 【答案】are written 【解析】books 复数一般现在被动 7. 【答案】are planted 【解析】trees 复数、每年，are planted 8. 【答案】will be held 【解析】next Friday 将来被动 will be held 9. 【答案】is made 【解析】paper 不可数，客观真理 is made 10. 【答案】will be shown 【解析】tomorrow 将来被动 will be shown 11. 【答案】Is; cleaned 【解析】一般疑问句 Is 提前 + cleaned 12. 【答案】will be discussed 【解析】tomorrow 将来被动 13. 【答案】are seen 【解析】stars 复数一般现在被动 are seen 14. 【答案】is; be built 【解析】hospital 单数 is；be going to be + 过去分词 built 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换 1. 【答案】is loved 【解析】一般现在被动 is + loved 2. 【答案】is spoken 【解析】English 单数 is + spoken 3. 【答案】will be finished 【解析】一般将来被动 will be + finished 4. 【答案】will be built 【解析】将来被动 will be + built 5. 【答案】is cleaned 【解析】一般现在被动 is + cleaned 6. 【答案】is loved 【解析】宾语 the song 变主语，is loved，by many people 7. 【答案】is cleaned 【解析】宾语 classroom 变主语，is cleaned，we 变 by us 8. 【答案】will be finished 【解析】将来被动 will be finished，they 变 by them 9. 【答案】Is; spoken; Yes; it is 【解析】一般疑问句 Is 提前；肯定回答 Yes, it is 10. 【答案】is going to 【解析】be going to 被动，a sports meeting 单数 is going to be held 第 1 页 共 10 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $