Unit7 知识点 -2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

Unit7 Welcome 课文要点全解 1.It was founded in 1982.它成立于 1982 年。 found〔及物动词〕创建；建立 通常指创建组织或机构等。 He founded a new charity last year. 他去年创办了一家新的慈善机构。 The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921. 中国共产党成立于 1921 年。 注意 found 也是 find 的过去式和过去分词，意为“发现，找到”。 She found her keys on the table yesterday. 昨天她在桌子上找到了钥匙。 Look what I' ve found！看我发现了什么！ 2 There are about 6,000 medical volunteers in this organization.该组织有大约 6 000 名医疗志愿者。 medical〔形容词〕医疗的；医学的在句中多作定语。 China is offering a lot of medical help to the world.中国正在向世界提供大量医疗救助。 He is studying in a medical college. 他正在一所医学院学习。 拓展 medicine〔名词〕医学；药 Chinese medicine is very popular in western countries now. 现在中医在西方国家很受欢迎。 Reading 课文要点全解 1 Over one billion people around the world are suffering from different kinds of eye problems, and about 90 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured.全球有超过十亿人正遭受着各类眼疾的困扰，其中约 90%的病例是可以预防或治愈的。 (1)billion 〔名词〕十亿 ①billion 与基数词连用时表示确切的数目，billion 后不加-s，且不与 of连用。 two billion people 二十亿人 ②billions of数十亿的 表示不确切的数目，前面不能再加基数词。 Billions of stars shine in the night sky. 夜空中闪耀着数十亿颗星星。 拓展与 billion 用法类似的词还有 hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百万)。 助记hundred, thousand, million, billion 等词 的用法 模糊数字两有(有s有 of)； 具体数字两无(无s无 of)。 (2)百分数 90 per cent of…意为“90%的……”， per cent意为“百分之……”，常以单数形式出现，前面为基数词，即：基数词+ per cent of。在美式英语中， per cent 常拼写为 percent。 70 per cent of the land here is covered with forests.这里70%的土地被森林覆盖。 About 60 per cent of students in this class have joined the school sports club. 这个班约60%的学生加入了学校体育社团。 注意“基数词+ per cent of+名词”作-主语时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。名词是复数，谓语动词一般用复数形式；名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。 (3) cure ①〔及物动词〕治好(疾病)；治愈 cure sb of sth治好某人的……病 Modern medicine can now cure many diseases. 现代医学如今能治愈许多疾病。 The special medicine cured him of his headache. 这种特别的药治好了他的头痛。 ②〔名词〕治疗；疗法；疗程；药物 cure for… …的疗法 Scientists are still working to find a cure for this disease.科学家仍在努力寻找这种病的治疗方法。 The cure took six weeks. 此疗程花了六个星期。 2 Orbis's Flying Eye Hospital Project was started in 1982 with the aim of helping patients in poor areas. 奥比斯的“眼科飞机医院”项目始于 1982 年，旨在帮助贫困地区的病人。 patient ①〔可数名词〕病人 The patient has just had an eye operation. 这位病人刚刚做了眼部手术。 ②〔形容词〕能忍耐的，有耐心的 be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 You need to be patient if you want to learn a new language well. 如果想学好一门新语言，你需要有耐心。 She is always patient with her students when they ask questions.当学生们提问时,她对他们总是很有耐心。 一言辨异 The nurse is patient with her patients. 那名护士对她的病人很有耐心。 (宿迁中考)真题链接 根据句意和汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词。 —— Many students in our class like James because he never gets angry easily. ——I agree with you. He is very (有耐心的). 解析 patient作形容词时，意为“有耐心的”。答案 patient 3 Many of our patients can't afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them.我们的许多病人负担不起去医院看病的费用，所以我们必须主动去找他们。 (1) afford〔及物动词〕能做,买得起 后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，多用于否定句或疑问句中,常与 can, could, be able to 连用。 afford to do sth 负担得起做某事 The house is so expensive that I can't afford it.这栋房子这么贵，我买不起。 She can't afford to pay for her daughter's education.她负担不起她女儿的教育费用。 (2) go to hospital 去医院看病 侧重表示“去医院就医”这一行为，强调“看病、接受治疗”的目的，不特指某一家医院。 I have a high fever and need to go to hospital this afternoon. 我发高烧了，今天下午需要去医院看病。 If your stomachache doesn't stop, you should go to hospital immediately. 如果你的胃痛一直没停，你应该马上去医院看病。 注意 如果表示去某一家医院，要在- hospital 前加定冠词 the,即 go to the hospital。 = I need to go to the hospital to visit my friend. 我要去那家医院看望朋友。 4 By training them, we hope more people will benefit from this. 通过培训他们,我们希望更多人会从中受益。 (1) train ①〔及物动词〕培训，训练 train sb to do sth 训练某人做某事 We should train students to behave politely. 我们应该训练学生表现得有礼貌。 ②〔不及物动词〕培训，训练 He's training for the marathon next month. 他正在为下个月的马拉松赛跑训练。 ③〔可数名词〕火车 We met on a train to Paris last summer. 去年夏天我们在去巴黎的火车上认识的。 拓展 training〔不可数名词〕训练,培训Before work, we should receive training.工作前，我们应接受培训。 (2) benefit ①〔不及物动词〕得益于，得利于 benefit from/ by sth意为“从……中受益”,主语可以是人或事物。 She benefited greatly from her year abroad. 她在国外的一年里获益良多。 The company has benefited by the new technology. 这家公司已从新技术中获益。 ②〔及物动词〕使受益 benefit sb/ sth意为“使……受益”,主语通常是事物或行为。 Drinking more milk benefits your health.多喝牛奶对你的健康有益。 ③〔名词〕优势，益处，成效 the benefit of sth······的益处/优势 for the benefit of sb为了某人的利益 be of benefit to sb/ sth 对某人/某物有益 She didn't see the benefit of studying abroad. 她没看出出国留学的益处。 She gave a talk for the benefit of new workers. 她为了新员工的利益做了一次演讲。 This book is of great benefit to students. 这本书对学生非常有益。 5 How many operations do you do during a visit?你们一次出诊期间会做多少台手术? 辨析: how many与 how much how many 多少 后接可数名词复数，用 来提问可数名词的数量多少 后接不可数名词，用来 how much 提问不可数名词的量 多少钱 对物品的价格进行提问 How many languages has she learnt so far? 到目前为止，她已经学习了多少种语言了? How much time do you usually spend reading every week?你每周通常花多少时间阅读? How much is a small bowl of beef noodles? 一小碗牛肉面多少钱? 6 During my last visit,150 patients were operated on.在我上一次出诊期间,有150名患者接受了手术。 operate ①〔不及物动词〕动手术 operate on(给······)做手术 The doctor is operating on the girl. 医生正在给那个女孩做手术。 ②〔及物动词〕操作；(使)运转 It's hard for him to operate the machine. 对他来说操作那台机器很难。 拓展 operation〔名词〕操作;手术 He stayed in the hospital for a week after the operation.手术后,他在医院住了一周。 7 Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured.现代医学正在迅速发展，现在大多数眼部问题和疾病都可以得到治疗甚至治愈。 treat ①〔及物动词〕医治；治疗 treat sb for sth 因某种病症治疗某人 treat sb with sth 用某种药物或疗法治疗某人 The doctor treated my grandmother for her heart disease last year. 医生去年为我奶奶治疗了心脏病。 Doctors treated the patient with antibiotics. 医生用抗生素治疗这位病人。 ②〔及物动词〕以……方式对待 treat sb/ sth as/ like...把某人/某物当作…… Our teachers treat us as/ like their own children.我们的老师把我们当作他们自己的孩子。 ③〔及物动词〕招待；请(客) treat sb to sth 用某物招待某人;以某物款待某人 Let me treat you to some dumplings. 让我请你吃一些饺子吧。 ④〔名词〕款待；招待 Let's go out for lunch—— my treat. 咱们到外面去吃午饭吧————我请客。 Mrs Brown gave us a warm treat. 布朗夫人热情地招待了我们。 8 Before the operation, I lived in darkness. 在手术之前，我生活在黑暗中。 (1) before ①〔介词〕在……之前 表示时间，后跟名词或动名词。与 before相对的词是 after,意为“在……之后”。 I usually run for exercise before breakfast. 早饭之前我通常跑步锻炼。 I must visit him before getting home。 回家前我必须去看望他。 ②〔连词〕在……之前引导时间状语从句，与其相对的词是after(在……之后)，表示两个动作的先后顺序。 I finished my homework before I watched TV.我看电视前完成了家庭作业。 Wash your hands before you eat. 你吃东西之前要洗手。 注意 当主句是一般将来时时， before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“主将从现”的原则。 (2) darkness〔不可数名词〕黑暗 由形容词 dark(黑暗的)加名词后缀-ness构成。 in darkness 在黑暗中 fall into darkness 陷入黑暗 We walked through the forest in darkness. 我们在黑暗中穿过森林。 When the power went out, the building fell into darkness immediately. 停电后，这座大楼瞬间陷入黑暗。 拓展 形容词加后缀-ness构成的名词有： kind→kindness(仁慈) good→goodness(善良) happy→ happiness(幸福) sad→sadness(悲伤) ill→illness(疾病) Grammar 课文要点全解 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.A young boy was blinded in a car accident in January this year.今年一月，一个小男孩在一场车祸中失明了。 blind②〔及物动词〕使失明 句子的主语可以是人、事物或自然现象，宾语多为某人。 The accident blinded him in one eye. 那场事故使他的一只眼睛失明。 She was blinded in the explosion. 她在那场爆炸中双目失明了。 2 In addition to helping patients directly,Orbis does many other things.除了直接帮助病人以外，奥比斯还做许多其他的事。 (1) in addition (to)除……以外(还) in addition 单独使用，不接任何成分，通常位于句首，后面用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。in addition to 必须接具体的内容，可位于句首或句中， to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。 We need to buy milk and bread. In addition,eggs are also on the shopping list.我们需要买牛奶和面包。另外，鸡蛋也在购物清单上。 In addition to English, they have to study a second foreign language. 除英语外，他们还必须学习一门第二外语。 She spends two hours reading every day in addition to doing her homework. 除了做作业，她每天还花两小时阅读。 (2) directly〔副词〕直接 其形容词形式是 direct，意为“直接的”。 The train goes directly from Beijing to Shanghai without stopping. 这趟火车从北京直达上海，中途不停靠。 He drove her directly to her hotel. 他开车直接把她送到了她下榻的宾馆。 拓展大部分形容词直接在词尾加-ly构成副词。 quick→quickly(快速地) slow→slowly(缓慢地) clear→clearly(清晰地) loud→loudly(大声地) quiet→quietly(安静地) careful→carefully(仔细地) polite→politely(礼貌地) 3 Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers. 传单被志愿者分发给街上的人们。 hand out 分发 They are handing out leaflets about environmental protection on the street. 他们正在街上分发关于环保的传单。 The volunteers handed out blankets to the homeless.志愿者们向无家可归者分发毛毯。 注意 hand out 是由“动词+ 副词”构成的短语，当宾语是名词时，既可放在 out后，也可放在 hand与 out 中间；当宾语是人称代词时,必须放在 hand与 out 中间。 The teacher has handed out the exam papers. = The teacher has handed the exam papers out. 老师已经分发了试卷。 She handed them out. 她把它们分发出去了。 4 It was founded in 1919 and aims to help build a better future for all children. 它成立于 1919 年，旨在帮助为所有儿童创建一个更美好的未来。 aim ①〔动词〕力争做到，力求达到 aim at/ for sth 力争某事 aim to do sth力争做某事,旨在做某事 aim high树立高目标 We should aim at/ for a bigger share of the market.我们应该努力争取更大的市场份额。 We aim to finish the work by Friday. 我们力争星期五之前完成这项工作。 Young people should aim high and work hard.年轻人要志存高远，努力奋斗。 ②〔动词〕瞄准 aim at sb/ sth 瞄准某人/某物 aim sth at sb用某物瞄准某人 You should aim at the target. 你应当瞄准目标。 The policeman aimed his gun at the criminal. 这名警察用枪对准了罪犯。 ③〔名词〕目的，目标 My main aim this year is to learn a new language.我今年的主要目标是学一门新语言。 Integration 课文要点全解 1 UNICEF was set up in 1946 by the UN to help children and young people in difficult situations. 联合国儿童基金会于1946 年由联合国设立，旨在帮助处境困难的儿童和青少年。 set up 创办;建立;开办;设立;成立 其后常接表示组织、机构、团体等意义的名词，如 school, hospital, government, company等。They plan to set up a new company in Shanghai next year. 他们计划明年在上海设立一家新公司。 The government has set up a special team to deal with this problem. 政府已成立一个特别小组来处理该问题。 注意set up 是“动词+副词”型短语,名词作其宾语时放在 up 前后均可；人称代词作宾语时，放在 set与 up之间。 They set up a factory for making television sets.他们开办了一家制造电视机的工厂。 A study group is good for us. Let's set it up.学习小组对我们有益，让我们把它建立起来吧。 2 Now UNICEF is a powerful champion of children's rights around the world. 如今,联合国儿童基金会是全球儿童权利的有力捍卫者。 right ①〔名词〕权利 have the right to do sth 有权做某事 have no right to do sth 无权做某事 Everyone has the right to receive education.每个人都有权接受教育。 You have no right to stop me from going there.你无权阻止我去那里。 ②〔名词〕右边；右方 on the right在右边 The bank is on the right after the supermarket. 过了超市，银行就在右边。 ③〔形容词〕正确的 What's the right way to solve this problem? 解决这个问题的正确方法是什么? ④〔形容词〕右边的 My bag is on the right side of the table. 我的包在桌子的右边。 拓展 all right行;好 right away立即;马上 3Besides, it works closely with governments to develop programmes to help and protect children.此外,它与政府密切合作,制定帮助和保护儿童的方案。 辨析: besides, except, except for与 but besides 除……之外 (还有……) 指在整体中加入一部分，表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意 except 除……之外 (没有……) 着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物，表示一种排除关系，有“减去”之意 except for 除……之外 表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正作用，且局部与整体不属于同类 but 除……之外 和 except的用法基本相同，但着重强调整句的内容，习惯上用于 no，nothing, nobody, any-thing等词之后 Besides English, she also speaks French and Spanish.除了英语，她还会说法语和西班牙语。(包括英语在内) We are all here except/ but Tom. 除汤姆之外，我们都在这里了。(不包括 Tom) His speech is perfect except for a small mistake in pronunciation. 他的演讲很完美，除了一处发音小错误。 She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么都做不了。 4 Through its great efforts, UNICEF is making great progress to create a better world for children.通过其巨大的努力，联合国儿童基金会在为儿童创造更美好的世界方面取得了巨大进展。 progress〔不可数名词〕进步，进展其前常用 great, good, much, some等词修饰。make progress 取得进步 make progress in(doing) sth 在(做)某事方面取得进步 The boy has made great progress this year. 这个男孩今年进步很大。 David made much progress in learning English last term.上学期，戴维在学习英语方面取得了很大进步。 5 During the fast spread of a virus, UNICEF works with the WHO to protect children.在病毒快速传播期间，联合国儿童基金会与世界卫生组织合作来保护儿童。 spread (作动词时，其过去式和过去分词都是 spread) ①〔不可数名词〕传播，散布，扩展，蔓延 the spread of 的传播/蔓延 We must stop the spread of the disease. 我们必须阻止这种疾病的传播。 ②〔动词〕传播，散布，蔓延，扩散 The disease spreads easily. 这种疾病容易传播。 Water began to spread across the floor. 水开始漫过地板。 ③〔动词〕展开，打开；张开；伸开 The bird spread its wings. 鸟儿展开翅膀。 She spread her arms and the child ran towards her.她张开双臂，孩子向她跑来。 6 Children in poor areas also miss out on jobs when they grow up because they have little chance to use modern technology.贫困地区的儿童长大后也会错失工作机会，因为他们很少有机会使用现代科技。 miss out(on)错失(机会) 后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，强调因各种原因未能参与或获得某事物，带有“遗憾”的隐含语气。 She missed out on the concert because her train was late.因为火车晚点，她错过了那场音乐会。 He is very busy, so he misses out on spending time with his family.他非常忙，所以错过了和家人相处的时间。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $