第四讲 Unit2 单词词组练习-2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制）英语八年级下册

8B 8B Lesson Four 8BU2 课文核心词 Reading The German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen wanted to use tubes to do experiments on electricity. The tubes were covered in heavy black paper. He was surprised to see a green light coming from the tubes. And he was even more surprised when the light appeared on a screen beside him. How strange! He learned that the light can pass through objects. Röntgen knew he discovered something important. When he passed the light through his wife’s hand, something exciting happened. He could see the bones inside her hand! This was how Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895. After many tests on humans, they were soon widely used in hospitals and Röntgen was awarded the Nobel Prize. The British scientist, Sir Alexander Fleming, discovered penicillin by accident. In 1928, he went on a holiday but forgot to clean up his lab before he left. When he got back, he found some strange mould growing on some of his Petri dishes. To his surprise, the mould seemed to stop the bacteria around it from growing. With more research, he discovered penicillin. Later, other scientists turned penicillin into life-saving medicine. The discovery of penicillin changed the course of medicine and has made it possible for doctors to treat serious illnesses. What an amazing discovery! Around 1970, when a lot of people were getting sick with malaria, Tu Youyou was chosen to find a medicine. She read a large number of ancient Chinese medical books and discovered a treatment using a plant called qinghao. However, no matter how hard they tried, Tu and her team failed to get the active part from the plant. Tu took another closer look at the medical classics. Finally, one line lit up an idea for her — a low-heat method! With this method, she and her team successfully got the active part and named it qinghaosu. Tu volunteered to test the medicine on herself before giving it to others. Later, qinghaosu became an important treatment for malaria and has saved millions of lives. Tu called the discovery “a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine to the world”. Key Phrase 用文章中的表达翻译下列中文 1. 做电学实验 2. 清理实验室 3. 大量的古代医书 4. 仔细查看 5. 启发思路 6. 低温法 7. 志愿做某事 8. 在自己身上试药 9. 穿过物体 10. 偶然发现 11. 发现重要事物 12. 令某人惊讶的是 13. 阻止细菌生长 14. 惊人的发现 15. 被授予诺贝尔奖 16. 在医院被广泛使用 17. 把…转化为救命药 18. 改变医学进程 19. 使......成为可能 20. 治疗严重疾病 21. 挽救数百万生命 22. 传统中医 答案 1. do experiments on electricity 2. clean up the lab 3. a large number of ancient medical books 4. take a closer look at 5. light up an idea 6. low-heat method 7. volunteer to do sth. 8. test the medicine on herself/oneself 9. pass through objects 10. discover ... by accident 11. discover something important 12. to one’s surprise 13. stop the bacteria from growing 14. an amazing discovery 15. be awarded the Nobel Prize 16. be widely used in hospitals 17. turn ... into life-saving medicine 18. change the course of medicine 19. make it possible for ... 20. treat serious illnesses 21. save millions of lives 22. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Word 本课重点单词拓展 1. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验 【拓展】v. 进行实验；尝试 【派生】experimental adj. 实验性的 【搭配】conduct an experiment 进行实验；science experiment 科学实验 【例句】 Our physics teacher asked us to conduct an experiment to see how light travels. 物理老师让我们进行一项实验，看看光是如何传播的。 They have experimented with different colors to find the best one for the room. 为了找到最适合这个房间的颜色，他们尝试了不同的颜色。 2. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电；电能 【派生】electric adj. 用电的；electrical adj. 与电有关的 【搭配】waste electricity 浪费电；produce electricity 发电 【例句】 If we run out of electricity, our computers and phones will stop working. 如果我们耗尽了电力，我们的电脑和手机就会停止工作。 3. cover /'kʌvə(r)/ v. 覆盖；遮盖 【拓展】n. 封面；报道 【派生】coverage n. 报道 【搭配】be covered with 被……覆盖；cover the cost 支付费用 【例句】 The top of the mountain is covered with snow all year round, so few plants can grow there. 山顶终年积雪，所以那里几乎不长植物。 4. appear /əˈpɪə(r)/ v. 出现 【拓展】v. 似乎；显得 【派生】appearance n. 外貌；出现；disappear v. 消失 【搭配】suddenly appear 突然出现；appear to be 似乎是 【例句】 He didn't appear at the party last night, which made his friends worry about him. 他昨晚没有出现在聚会上，这让他的朋友们很担心他。 The math problem appears to be difficult, but actually it is quite easy. 这道数学题似乎很难，但实际上很容易。 5. object /'ɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物体 【拓展】n. 目标；v. 反对 【搭配】solid object 固体；falling object 落下的物体 【例句】 X-rays can pass through soft things, but they are stopped by hard objects like bones. X射线可以穿过柔软的东西，但会被骨头等坚硬的物体阻挡。 6. discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ v. 发现 【派生】discovery n. 发现 【搭配】make a discovery 有所发现；scientific discovery 科学发现 【例句】 Scientists are working hard to discover life on other planets. 科学家们正在努力去发现其他星球上的生命。 The discovery of America opened a new page in history. 美洲的发现开启了历史的新篇章。 7. pass /pɑːs/ v. 穿过；通过 【拓展】v. 传递；流逝；及格 【搭配】pass through 穿过；pass by 路过；pass the exam 考试及格 【例句】 The sunlight can pass through the window and make the room warm. 阳光可以穿过窗户，使房间变得温暖。 8. award /əˈwɔːd/ v. 授予；给予 【拓展】n. 奖品；奖项 【搭配】win an award 获奖；be awarded the first prize 被授予一等奖 【例句】 Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize because her medicine saved millions of lives. 屠呦呦被授予诺贝尔奖，因为她的药挽救了数百万人的生命。 The school gave him a special award for being the most helpful student. 学校给了他一个特别奖，因为他是最乐于助人的学生。 9. accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ n. 意外；事故 【派生】accidental adj. 意外的；accidentally adv. 意外地 【搭配】by accident 偶然；traffic accident 交通事故 【例句】 He discovered the secret by accident while he was cleaning the old books. 他在打扫旧书时偶然发现了这个秘密。 You should drive carefully to avoid a car accident. 你应该小心驾驶以避免车祸。 10. stop /stɒp/ v. 阻止；停止 【拓展】n. 车站 【搭配】stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事；can't stop doing 情不自禁做某事 【例句】 The heavy rain didn't stop the players from finishing the soccer game. 大雨并没有阻止球员们完成足球比赛。 There is a bus stop near my home, so it is convenient for me to go to school. 我家附近有个公交车站，所以我上学很方便。 11. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. 研究 【拓展】v. 研究 【派生】researcher n. 研究员 【搭配】do research on 做关于……的研究 【例句】 My group needs to do some research on Chinese history for next week's class. 我们要为下周的课做一些关于中国历史的研究。 Researchers have found that eating too much sugar is bad for our teeth. 研究人员发现吃太多糖对我们的牙齿不好。 12. turn /tɜːn/ v. 转变；变成 【拓展】v. 转身；转动；n. 轮次 【搭配】turn...into... 把……变成……；turn on/off 打开/关上；take turns 轮流 【例句】 With magic, the witch turned the prince into a frog. 女巫用魔法把王子变成了一只青蛙。 13. course /kɔːs/ n. 进程；课程 【拓展】n. 一道菜 【搭配】of course 当然；in the course of 在……过程中 【例句】 In the course of the experiment, they found something unexpected. 在实验过程中，他们发现了一些意想不到的东西。 14. treat /triːt/ v. 治疗 【拓展】v. 对待；请客 【派生】treatment n. 治疗 【搭配】treat sb nicely 善待某人；medical treatment 医疗 【例句】 Doctors are trying their best to treat the patients who got sick from the virus. 医生们正在尽最大努力治疗那些因病毒而生病的患者。 Don't worry about the money; lunch is my treat today. 别担心钱的事，今天午饭我请客。 15. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严重的 【拓展】adj. 严肃的；认真的 【派生】seriously adv. 严重地；认真地 【搭配】serious problem 严重的问题；take sth seriously 认真对待某事 【例句】 Pollution is becoming a serious problem in many big cities around the world. 污染正成为世界许多大城市的一个严重问题。 You should take your study seriously if you want to get into a good high school. 如果你想考上一所好高中，你就应该认真对待学习。 16. choose /tʃuːz/ v. 选择 【拓展】v. 决定（过去式 chose, 过去分词 chosen） 【派生】choice n. 选择 【搭配】choose to do sth 选择做某事；make a choice 做选择 【例句】 It is difficult for me to choose between playing basketball and watching a movie. 对我来说，在打篮球和看电影之间做选择很难。 17. fail /feɪl/ v. 失败；未能 【拓展】v. 不及格 【派生】failure n. 失败 【搭配】fail the exam 考试不及格；fail to do sth 未能做某事 【例句】 Don't be sad if you fail the test; just try harder next time. 如果你考试不及格别难过，下次再努力就是了。 He failed to arrive on time because of the heavy traffic. 由于交通拥堵，他没能按时到达。 18. active /ˈæktɪv/ adj. 积极的；活跃的 【拓展】adj. 起作用的 【派生】activity n. 活动 【搭配】take an active part in 积极参加；active ingredient 有效成分 【例句】 We encourage all students to take an active part in sports meeting. 我们鼓励所有学生积极参加运动会。 19. light /laɪt/ v. 点亮 【拓展】n. 光；灯；adj. 轻的 【搭配】light up 点亮/照亮；turn on the light 开灯 【例句】 The fireworks lit up the night sky and looked very beautiful. 烟花照亮了夜空，看起来非常美丽。 This box is light enough for a child to carry. 这个盒子足够轻，小孩子也能搬得动。 20. name /neɪm/ v. 命名 【拓展】n. 名字 【搭配】be named after 以……命名；full name 全名 【例句】 The star was named after the scientist who discovered it. 这颗星星是以发现它的科学家的名字命名的。 21. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ v. 自愿 【拓展】n. 志愿者 【派生】voluntary adj. 志愿的 【搭配】volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事；work as a volunteer 做志愿者 【例句】 She volunteered to teach poor children in the countryside during her summer holiday. 她在暑假期间自愿去农村教贫困儿童。 Many volunteers helped clean up the streets after the big storm. 大风暴过后，许多志愿者帮忙清理街道。 22. gift /ɡɪft/ n. 礼物 【拓展】n. 天赋 【派生】gifted adj. 有天赋的 【搭配】a gift from 来自……的礼物；have a gift for 对……有天赋 【例句】 I received a beautiful watch as a birthday gift from my parents. 我收到了一块漂亮的手表作为父母给我的生日礼物。 Mozart was a gifted musician who could write music when he was very young. 莫扎特是一位有天赋的音乐家，很小的时候就能作曲。 Exercise EX1: 选词填空 Passage 1 A. fail B. experiment C. electricity D. active E. wide Tom is a student who loves physics. Last week, he decided to conduct an interesting __________ in the school lab. He wanted to see if fruit could generate power. He used lemons, wires, and a small light bulb. He hoped to produce enough __________ to light up the bulb. At first, he _________ because the lemon was too small. He didn't give up and tried again with a grapefruit. He found that the sour juice was the _________ part that helped create energy. ly, the bulb lit up! Passage 2 A. gift B. treat C. volunteer D. ancient D. accident Dr. Zhang is a kind-hearted man. Every summer, he chooses to __________ in poor villages in the mountains. Many people there cannot afford to go to big hospitals. Dr. Zhang uses both modern medicine and __________ Chinese herbs to help them. He works from morning to night to __________ sick children and old people. The villagers are very grateful to him. When he leaves, they often give him handmade shoes as a __________ to show their thanks. 答案 Passage 1 BCAD Passage 2 CDBA EX2: 词性转换 Passage 1 A good education is not just about books. We encourage students to take an 1. __________ (active) part in different school events. For example, our annual science fair is a great opportunity for students to do 2. __________ (research) on topics they are interested in. To make a great scientific 3. __________ (discover), one must be patient and not be afraid of making mistakes. Sometimes, students face many 4. __________ (fail) before they succeed. Safety is also a key concern. During any 5. __________ (experiment) activity, teachers are always there to stop students from doing anything dangerous. Last year, a student, Mike, received a special 6. __________ (award) for his project on how to save 7. __________ (electricity) at home. His project was so impressive that it received media 8. __________ (cover). We hope every student can find their passion here. Passage 2 It is not easy to make a good 1. __________ (choose), especially when it comes to your future. If you want to be a doctor, you must be prepared to handle 2. __________ (serious) medical situations. A doctor's job is to give patients the best possible 3. __________ (treat). It requires a lot of hard work and you can’t 4. __________ (fail) to be careful in your work. On the other hand, if you have a special 5. __________ (gift) for art, maybe you can be an artist. A great artist can turn a simple 6. __________ (object) into a piece of art. The 7. __________ (appear) of a painting can change depending on how you use 8. __________ (light) and shadow. Of course, no matter what you choose, you need to take it seriously. 答案 Passage 1 active, research, discovery, failures, experimental, award, electricity, coverage Passage 2 choice, serious, treatment, fail, gift, object, appearance, light Topic-based Reading Reading The World’s First Computer Programmer It was a century before the Computer Age began. Ada Lovelace had imagined the modern-day computer. The model was never built. However, Lovelace’s writings helped her become famous. People now consider the woman the world’s first computer programmer. The program Lovelace wrote was to calculate an important number. However, the woman’s deeper influence was to see the potential of computing. The computer could go beyond calculating numbers, she wrote, to be used to create music and art. Later, this idea became the key concept of the Information Age. Lovelace was born in 1815 into a wealthy family. She showed an interest in math and mechanics from a young age. With her mother’s help, Lovelace made friends with big thinkers of the day. When she was 17, she was introduced to the British inventor Charles Babbage. In the two decades that followed, the two kept writing to each other to discuss math and science. In 1843, when she was 27, Lovelace wrote her most influential article about computer science. She described how the computer would work and included a formula for calculating an important number. The formula is considered as the first computer program. She also imagined a future in which computers could do jobs faster than humans. In many industries, Lovelace wrote, computers would take the place of human workers. Now, people celebrate Lovelace’s achievements every year. Ada Lovelace Day is held on the second Tuesday of every October. Lovelace’s stories have been passed down from generation to generation. People use them to encourage young girls to do well in science subjects. There is no reason why girls can’t become successful scientists. Just remember the world’s first computer programmer was a woman! Words & Expressions · calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ v. 计算 · potential /pəˈtenʃl/ n. 潜力；可能性 · concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 观念；概念 · wealthy /ˈwelθi/ adj. 富裕的 · influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ adj. 有影响力的 · take the place of 取代；接替……的位置 · There is no reason why… ……是没有理由的 I. Answer the questions. 1. What do modern people think of Ada Lovelace? _______________________________________________________ 2. What is the key concept of the Information Age? _______________________________________________________ 3. How did Lovelace get the chance to make friends with big thinkers? _______________________________________________________ 4. What did Lovelace talk about in her most influential article on computer science? _______________________________________________________ 5. How have Lovelace’s stories been used to encourage young girls? ______________________________________________________ 6. Give an example of computers taking the place of human workers. _______________________________________________________ II. Complete each sentence with one given item from the box. Each item can be used only once. A. concept   B. successful   C. achievement D. introduce   E. remember   F. industry 1. Allow me to __________ you to our headmaster. 2. I can only __________ the first two lines of that song. 3. This new __________ is difficult for children to understand. 4. This is the greatest scientific __________ of the year. 5. It’s amazing the way the __________ is developing. 6. The company has had another __________ year. 答案 I. 1. They consider her the world’s first computer programmer. 2. The key concept is that the computer could go beyond calculating numbers to be used to create music and art. 3. She made friends with them with her mother’s help. 4. She described how the computer would work, included a formula for calculating an important number, and imagined computers doing jobs faster than humans (or taking the place of human workers). 5. People use them to encourage young girls to do well in science subjects. 6. Robots building cars in factories / Self-checkout machines in supermarkets replacing cashiers. II. 1-6 DEACFB - 2 - - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $