Unit6 知识点 -2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语Unit 6知识清单系统梳理了单元核心内容，涵盖词汇拓展（如-less后缀构词）、动词用法（如expect多结构）、语法辨析（如receive/accept区别）等范畴，搭建从基础词汇到语用应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现知识体系，标注blind作表语/定语等重难点，归纳remind sb to do sth等固定搭配，设计“名前such，形副so”助记口诀，结合中考真题实例（如徐州中考expect题），培养语言能力与思维品质。练习题解析助力学生自主检测，教师可据此设计分层教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 6 welcome课文要点全解 1blind瞎的,失明的 blind①〔形容词〕 ①瞎的，失明的 注意 blind的 可作表语或定语。 主语是人而非眼睛。 go blind 失明 He is blind in both eyes.他双目失明。 ②(对某事)视而不见的，未察觉的turn a blind eye to对……视而不见be blind to You can't turn a blind eye to/ be blind to the dirty classroom. 你不能对脏乱的教室视而不见。 拓展 deaf〔形容词〕聋的；不愿听；不去注意He is a deaf man。他是个失聪的人。 2 homeless无家可归的 homeless 〔形容词〕无家可归的 在句中可作补足语、定语或表语，它是由“home+否定后缀-less”构成的。 Floods made thousands of people homeless. 水灾使成千上万的人无家可归。 The dog is poor. It's homeless. 这只狗很可怜，它无家可归。 拓展 常见的由后缀“-less”构成的单词： careless 粗心的 useless 无用的 harmless 无害的 meaningless没有意义的 endless 无尽的 helpless 无助的 3They usually do so by donating money. 它们通常通过捐款来帮助。 donate〔动词〕捐赠;捐献 既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。 donate money捐款 donate sth to sb 把某物捐给某人 He donated millions of pounds to charity. 他向慈善事业捐款数百万英镑。 He has a lot of money, but he doesn't want to donate.他有很多钱，但他不想捐出去。 拓展 donation〔可数名词〕捐赠物 〔不可数名词〕捐助 They received many donations from the government。 他们收到了政府的很多捐赠物。 The donation is about 10,000 dollars. 捐助大约有一万美元。 (苏州阶段检测) 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 Ten thousand dollars is a big (donate)to me. 解析 由空格前的形容词 big 可知，此处应填一个名词,动词 donate的名词形式为 donation,且 由不定冠词a可知，应用其单数形式。 答案 donation Reading 课文要点全解 1 Liu Ming, a student from a university in Beijing, did not know what to expect when he volunteered for the Beijing2022 Paralympic Winter Games.刘明是北京一所大学的学生，当他成为2022年北京冬残奥会的志愿者时，他并不知道会发生什么。 expect〔及物动词〕预料，预期；期待主要用法如下： ①expect sth 预料/期待某事 The old man is expecting a call from his son.那位老人正期待他儿子的电话。 ②expect to do sth 预料/期待做某事 I expect to be back within a week. 我预料一周之内回来。 ③expect sb to do sth 预料/期待某人做某事I didn't expect him to stay so long. 我没料到他会待那么久。 ④expect + that从句 预计……，料想…… There's the doorbell——I expect (that) it' ll be my mother.有人按门铃，估计是我母亲。 (徐州中考) Hello, Toe. I didn’ t to see you today. I thought you were away on holiday. A. want B. prepare C. expect D. agree 解析 我们可用“逻辑推理法”解答此题。want“想要”;prepare“准备”; expect“预料,预期；期待”；agree“同意”。由后句句意“我原本以为你外出度假了”可推知，此处意为“我没料到今天会看到你”。故选 expect。 答案 C 2 This great international event requires support from lots of volunteers.这项伟大的国际赛事需要大量志愿者的支持。 require〔及物动词〕需要，依靠 其用法与 need 类似，主要有以下几方面： ①require sth 需要某物 If you require further information, you can surf the internet.如果需要更多信息，你可以上网搜索。 ②require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 The teacher required the students to keep silent.老师要求学生们保持安静。 ③require doing = require to be done 需要做某事(此时物作主语) The clothes require washing.= The clothes require to be washed. 这些衣服需要洗了。 3 It is really nice of them to give up their spare time to help at the event.他们牺牲业余时间来为赛事提供帮助，真是太好了。 spare〔形容词〕 ①空闲的；空余的 in one's spare/ free time 在某人的空闲时间I often listen to music in my spare/ free time.在空闲时间我经常听音乐。 ②不用的；闲置的 We' ve got a spare bedroom, if you'd like to stay.如果你愿意住下的话，我们空着一间卧室。 4 They received the necessary training so that they could provide help and protection for these amazing athletes.他们接受了必要的培训，以便能够为这些了不起的运动员提供帮助和保护。 辨析： receive与 accept 两者都可用作及物动词，都含有“收到”之意，但用法不同。 He received the special training last summer.去年夏天他接受了专项培训。 The man received a letter from his friend just now.刚才这位男士收到了朋友的一封信。 The young man asked the girl to marry him, and the girl accepted happily.这位年轻的男子请求这个女孩嫁给他，女孩高兴地接受了。 (扬州江都区第三中学阶段检测) Yesterday my father an invitation to a party this Sunday from his workmate, but he had no time to go so he didn't it. A. received; accept B. accepted; receive C. accepted; accept D. received; receive 解析 我们可用“用法辨析法”解答此题。根据 an invitation to a party this Sunday from his workmate 可知，此处指父亲收到了他人的邀请,用 receive; 根据 but he had no time to go可知，没时间所以没有接受邀请，故选A。 答案 A 5 His main job was to help athletes in wheelchairs get on and off the bus and remind them to put their seat belts on.他的主要工作是帮助坐轮椅的运动员上下巴士，并提醒他们系好安全带。 remind 〔及物动词〕提醒;使想起 ①remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 What you said reminds me to see Mike in hospital.你的话提醒了我去看望住院的迈克。 ②remind sb of...使某人想起…… The book reminds me of my best friend. 这本书使我想起了我最好的朋友。 ③remind sb+ that从句 提醒某人…… He reminds me that I should go on. 他提醒我应该继续。 (无锡二模) 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 Our teacher often reminds us (turn)off the lights when leaving the classroom. 解析 我们可用“固定搭配法”解答此题。remind sb to do sth“提醒某人做某事”,为固定搭配。故填 to turn。 答案 to turn 6 It seemed to them that the most important thing was not to win a medal, gold or silver, but to take part in the competition.似乎对他们而言，最重要的事情并不是赢得奖牌，不管是金牌还是银牌，而是参与比赛。gold ①〔可数名词〕金牌 He won many golds.他赢得了很多金牌。 ②〔不可数名词〕金；金饰品；黄金制品gold coins金币 a fall in the gold price 金价的下跌 the country's gold reserves 这个国家的黄金储备 ③〔名词〕金色；金黄色 His hair was a pale gold. 他的头发是淡金色的。 I love the reds and golds of autumn. 我喜欢秋天的火红色和金黄色。 拓展 ①golden〔形容词〕金黄(色)的,金质的 ②silver〔可数名词〕银牌;〔不可数名词〕银；银色 7 Their courage to achieve their goals,their love for life and their spirit of never giving up have greatly influenced me.他们为实现目标的勇气、对生活的热爱以及永不放弃的精神极大地影响了我。 (1) courage〔不可数名词〕勇气 have/ lose courage to do sth有/失去勇气做某事 have no courage to do sth 没有勇气做某事 Gradually I lost the courage to do that. 我逐渐失去了那样做的勇气。 I have no courage to tell him the bad news. 我没有勇气告诉他这个坏消息。 拓展 encourage〔动词〕鼓励 encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事 Her mother often encourages her to take an active part in all kinds of school activities.她妈妈经常鼓励她积极参加学校的各项活动。 (2) achieve〔及物动词〕达到(目标等)；完成 主语多为人，宾语多为目标、梦想、愿望等，常用来表示“取得成就，达到目的/目标”。其同义词为 realize。 Mary hopes to achieve/ realize her dreams. 玛丽希望实现她的梦想。 They have both achieved great results. 他们都取得了巨大的成就。 拓展 come true 实现 其主语是梦想之类的事物，其后不能跟宾语。 I think your dream will come true. = I think you will achieve your dream.我认为你的梦想会实现。/我认为你会实现你的梦想。 (3) greatly〔副词〕非常,很 常用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。修饰动词时，表示动作的程度“非常”或“大大地”；修饰形容词/副词时，加强形容词或副词的语气，相当于 very。 Your help greatly encouraged me. 你的帮助大大鼓舞了我。 I am greatly interested in music. 我对音乐非常感兴趣。 (4) influence ①〔及物动词〕影响；起作用 influence sb/ sth 影响某人/某物 influence sb to do sth 影响某人做某事 In my life, many people helped and influenced me a lot. 在我的人生中,许多人帮助了我，也对我产生了很大的影响。 What influenced you to be a volunteer? 是什么影响你成为一名志愿者的? ②〔名词〕影响，作用 have(an) influence on... 对······有影响 This experience had a great influence on me.这次经历对我影响很大。 (苏州高新区期中) 根据句意和汉语提示完成单词。 It's said that animal signs have a great (影响) on our characteristics. 解析 have(an) influence on... “对……有影响”，是固定搭配。句意：据说属相对我们的性格有很大的影响。故填 influence。 答案 influence 8 I could not believe it when I was chosen to compete at the Beijing 2022 Winter Games.当我被选中参加 2022年北京冬残奥会比赛时，我简直不敢相信。 compete〔不及物动词〕参加比赛；竞争 compete in... 参加……比赛 compete with...和······竞争(with 后面常跟竞争对手) compete for... 为······竞争 He's hoping to compete in the London marathon. 他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。 We can't compete with them on price. 我们在价格上无法与他们竞争。 Everyone in our class wants to compete for the chance to join the club.我们班的每个人都想争取加入社团的机会。 拓展 competition〔名词〕竞争 competitor〔名词〕竞争者;对手 9 To make sure everything runs smoothly,it is necessary for people from different backgrounds to work together closely.为确保一切顺利进行，来自不同背景的人密切合作是必要的。 smoothly 〔副词〕顺利地;平滑地 I stopped my car smoothly. 我顺利地停好车。 Traffic is now flowing smoothly again. 现在，交通又畅通了。 拓展 smooth〔形容词〕光滑的；平稳的 The silk blouse feels very smooth. 这件丝绸衬衫摸起来很光滑。 The plane made a smooth landing.飞机平稳降落。 (镇江中考) 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 The machine was repaired last Saturday. Now it is running (smooth). 解析 我们可用“句子结构分析法”解答此题。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中修饰前面的动词 running,故用 smooth的副词形式 smoothly。 答案 smoothly Grammar 课文要点全解 1. Cross the road过马路 Cross 动词〕穿越；横过 与 go/ walk across 同义。 They crossed the finishing line together. 他们一起越过终点线。 〔动词〕交叉；相交 The roads cross just outside the town. 这些道路正好在城外交叉。 〔及物动词〕使交叉；使交叠 后可接名词或代词作宾语。 Don't cross your legs when you sit, please. 坐着时请不要交叉双腿。 拓展 ① crossing〔可数名词〕人行横道；十字路口 We came to a crossing. 我们来到了一个十字路口。 ② across〔介词或副词〕横过，穿过，从一边到另一边 A little child is walking across the street.（作介词）一个小孩正步行穿过街道。 It's too wide. We can't swim across.（作副词） 它太宽了，我们游不过去。 2Charities often raise money for different groups in need, but it's difficult for them to work without the help of volunteers.慈善机构经常为需要帮助的不同群体筹款，但没有志愿者的帮助，对它们来说开展工作是困难的。 charity ①〔可数名词〕慈善机构(或组织) a charity for homeless people 为无家可归者设立的慈善机构 The concert will raise money for local charities.这场音乐会将为当地慈善机构募捐。 ②〔不可数名词〕慈善；赈济；施舍 All the money raised by the concert will go to charity.音乐会筹得的钱款将全部用于慈善事业。 She does a lot of charity work. 她做了很多慈善工作。 3 I spend my spare time working with a charity for children without parents.我利用业余时间在一家救助孤儿的慈善机构工作。 辨析: spend, cost, take 与 spend 花费(时间、金钱等) 主语是人 常 用 结 构 为spend... on sth 和spend... doing sth cost 价格为；花费 主语多为物 常用句型为“Sth cost(s) sb some money.” take 花费 (时间) it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语) 常用句型为“It takes sb some time to do sth.” pay 支付 (钱) 主语是人 常用结构为 pay…for sth I spent 200 yuan on a new coat. 我花200元买了一件新大衣。 Don't spend too much time watching TV。 不要把太多的时间花在看电视上。 The dictionary cost me 89 yuan. 这本词典花了我89元。 It takes me at least thirty minutes to exercise every day.我每天至少花30分钟锻炼。 I paid 15 yuan for the pen. 我为这支钢笔付了15元。 Integration 课文要点全解 1 It asks college students to volunteer in China's western areas.该项目要求大学生到中国西部地区做志愿者。 western〔形容词〕西部的；西方的，西方国家的 指“西方的，西方国家的”时，首字母通常大写。 He will go to western China to be a volunteer next year.明年他要到中国西部去做志愿者。 Western countries/ music/ culture 西方国家/音乐/文化 拓展 表示方位的名词，加-ern 可构成形容词，表示“……方向的”。 west(西，西方)→western(西方的) east(东，东方)→eastern(东方的) south(南，南方)→southern(南方的) north(北，北方)→northern(北方的) 2 He suffers from a serious blood disease.他患有严重的血液病。 (1) suffer ①〔不及物动词〕受折磨；变差 suffer from 患……病，遭受 from 后常接表示疾病、痛苦、寒冷、饥饿、悲伤等的词语。 I hate to see animals suffering. 我不忍心看动物受苦。 His child is suffering from a bad cold. 他的孩子得了重感冒。 ②〔及物动词〕遭受 Crops suffered serious damage as a result of the floods. 由于洪水，庄稼遭受了严重的损失。 (2) blood [不可数名词]血，血液 blood type 血型 Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。 There is some blood on the ground. 地上有一些血迹。 拓展 bleed(bled, bled)[不及物动词]流血，出血 My hand and knee were bleeding. 我的手和膝盖在流血。 3 If all of us give a helping hand, we can save Xiao Wei！如果我们所有人都伸出援手，我们就能挽救肖伟！ give a helping hand 帮助，伸出援助之手与 give sb a hand(帮某人一把)同义。 give a helping hand to…向……伸出援手 Many people gave a helping hand when they saw the poor man.当看到这个可怜的人时，很多人伸出了援助之手。 We should give a helping hand to our classmates. 我们应该帮助我们的同学。 4 Xiao Wei is suffering from a serious blood disease and has been absent from school since last month.肖伟患有严重的血液病，自上个月以来一直缺课。 absent [形容词]缺席，不在 be absent from 缺席…… Mr Wang was absent from work yesterday. 王先生昨天没来上班。 拓展 ①absence[名词]缺席 Tom finished the work during my absence. 我不在时汤姆完成了工作。 ②present[形容词]出席 There were 200 people present at the meeting. 有200人出席会议。 (南京第十三中学阶段检测) 根据汉语提示补全句子。 没人知道她昨天有没有缺席会议。 No one knows if she was the meeting yesterday. 解析 根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少了“缺席”的英文表达, be absent from“缺席……”,是固定搭配。 答案 absent from 5 They cannot afford such an expensive operation.他们负担不起如此昂贵的手术费用。 辨析： such与 so 二者都表示程度，意为“如此；这样”，其区别为： 形 such容 词 副 so 词 such+a/ an+形容词+可数名词单数 such +形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词 so+形容词/副词 so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数 so+ many/ much/ few/ little(少)+名词 such an important decision 一个如此重要的决定 such good books这么好的书 Our situation is so terrible. 我们的情况是如此糟糕。 so bad a cough 咳嗽得如此厉害 so many notices 如此多的通知 注意“such+a/ an+形容词+可数名-词单数”可与“so+形容词+a/ an+可数名词单数”进行转换。 She is such a kind girl.=She is so kind agirl.她是如此友好的一个女孩。 助记 such 与 so的用法 名前 such,形副 so,多多少少也用 so。 little很特殊, “小”用 such“少”用 so。 6 Without this operation, Xiao's life would be at risk.如果不进行这场手术，肖伟的生命将面临危险。 at risk 有危险；冒风险 通常作表语或后置定语，用来表示人或事物面临潜在的伤害、损失或不良后果。 at high/ low risk 高/低风险 at risk of(doing) sth有(做)某事的风险 Smokers are at risk of developing lung disease.吸烟者有患肺病的风险。 If you exercise regularly, you are at low risk of obesity. 如果你经常锻炼，肥胖的风险就会很低。 拓展 take a risk/ risks冒险(做某事) You have no right to take risks with other people's lives.你没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险。 197 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $