内容正文:
时态--现在完成时
一、单项选择
1.This is the second time you ________ a lie this week!
A.had told B.told C.have told D.tell
2.There ________a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
A.was B.is C.had been D.has been
3.We ________ a house in 2003 and we ________ here since then.
A.bought, have lived B.had bought, lived
C.have bought, lived D.bought, lived
4.I get butterflies in my stomach, because this is the first time that I myself to the class.
A.am introducing B.introduce C.had introduced D.have introduced
5.In the past few years, we ______ rapid advancements in artificial intelligence.
A.witnessed B.had witnessed
C.have witnessed D.have been witnessing
6.—Hurry! Hurry! I’m afraid the film ______ for a while.
—Watch your step! Safety always comes first.
A.was on B.has begun C.began D.has been on
7.In the past ten years, there___________ great changes in our hometown.
A.has been B.are C.have been D.were
8.In the past few decades, there ______a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad.
A.was B.has been C.had been D.is
9.—______ you ______ the film *The Wandering Earth 2*?
—Yes, I ______ it last month.
A.Have; seen; saw B.Did; see; saw C.Have; seen; have seen D.Will; see; see
10.The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last 3 months.
A.has given B.gave C.have given D.give
11.As a result of this rapid development, however, many problems_________
A.have arose B.had arisen C.have arisen D.to arise
12.Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions.
A.have started B.started C.are starting D.start
13.China ______ at a tremendous rate, an outstanding achievement never seen before, during the past two decades.
A.developed B.had developed C.is developing D.has developed
14.I am glad to tell you about the great changes that _________ in our town since 10 years ago.
A.were taken place B.took place
C.have taken place D.have been taken place
15.Not only the students but also their head teacher ________ several national awards since last year.
A.has won B.have won C.had won D.wins
16.It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Pohomac, but LincoIn’s home in downtown Springfield, llinois, ________ irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
A.has been proving B.was proved
C.has proved D.is proved
17.In the past few years, the city _______ from environmental problem caused by oil production.
A.has suffered B.has been suffered C.suffered D.was suffered
18.—I know you to China many years ago. And how long have you in China?
— I don’t remember it exactly.
A.come; live B.came; come C.come; come D.came; lived
19.Since humankind started gardening, we ________ to make our environment more beautiful.
A.try B.are trying C.will try D.have tried
20.The field of robotics ________ far less keen to investigate plants due to a misconception ________ plants are capable of neither motion nor perception.
A.has proved…that B.has been proved…which
C.has been proved…that D.has proved…which
二、语法填空
21.It is the first time that I (attend) such a wonderful lecture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22.It is the first time that I (take) part in the voluntary activity themed Traditional Chinese Culture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23.The number of tourists to the resort (decline) by 10% in the past ten years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24.—Have you heard about the recent election?
—Sure, it (be) the only thing on the news for the last three days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25.Those talented people (work) for months and even years so that you can have two hours of enjoyments. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26.So far no one (admit) planting the bomb. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
27.He has (coin) several new technical words which are now widely used. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28.Over the past years, our school (organize) a number of activities to promote traditional Chinese festivals. (所给词的适当形式填空)
29.Since then the upward trend of Chinese sport (be) unstoppable. (所给词的适当形式填空)
30.Up to now, the little girl (learn) 2000 English words. (所给词的适当形式填空)
31.Among the 25 ethnic groups of Yunnan, the Yi people have a unique culture, which over thousands of years (develop) into colourful customs with distinctive features. (所给词的适当形式填空)
32.The research team (achieve) remarkable progress in developing new energy vehicles since 2023. (所给词的适当形式填空)
33.The students (finish) their homework so far. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34.It is the first time that I (visit) Qingdao, a beautiful coastal city. (所给词的适当形式填空)
35.ChatGPT is a chatbot. Some schools (ban) it since its birth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36.Recently, these actions (affect) the ecological balance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37.Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I (enjoy) food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork-and chopsticks! (所给词的适当形式填空)
38.According to AFI, some 3,000 artists (ask) the organization to help them leave Afghanistan or neighboring countries to which they (flee). (所给词的适当形式填空)
39.It is the fifth time that Lionel Messi, a football genius, (participate) in the competitions in FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40.It is the first time that the football players (set) foot upon the land of Qatar. (所给词的适当形式填空)
41.When you are home, give a call to let me know you (arrive) safely. (所给词的适当形式填空)
42.Recently, Zhang (cooperate) with women’s re-employment organizations, seeking full-time stay-at-home women with sewing skills. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43.It is not the first time that his footwear (raise) eyebrows. (所给词的适当形式填空)
44.She is the one of the short-video creators that (gain) popularity over the past year, with her unique content attracting a large number of followers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
45.Time (fade) the colors, but the parks are still vivid, just full of loneliness. (所给词的适当形式填空)
46.The number of campus bookstores in this city (jump) from a few to over 100 in the past three years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
47.We (make) a lot of money since the factory (build) last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48.The historic building (destroy)by fire in the past two years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49.The United Nations, together with several international organizations, (launch) a global campaign to protect children’s rights and interests in developing countries since the beginning of this year.(所给词的适当形式填空)
50.Not just the young volunteers but also their team leader (devote) most of their spare time to helping the elderly learn basic digital skills in the community center since last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
三、完成句子
51.Ever since he moved there, .(bury)
自从搬到那里以后,他一直专注于他的研究工作。
52.我从小就接触外教,因此,我能够用英语和其他人自由交流。
a.I , so I can communicate freely with others in English.
b. , I can communicate freely with others in English.(分词作状语)
53.We’ve the old machine a computer.
我们用电脑取代了那台旧机器。
54.健康专家也已向青少年发出警告,告诫他们不要采用如此极端的手段。
Health experts have also teenagers using such methods.
55.如你所知,这是我第一次离开我的祖国,这使我很难适应另一个国家的风俗和文化。(it is the first time that 句式)
As you know, , which makes it tough for me to adapt to the customs and cultures of another country.
56.我们从上面可以看到,青草覆盖的平原已经让位于广阔的沼泽地。
As we can see from above, the grassy plain an extensive swamp.
57.我们不能获得的东西似乎比我们已拥有的东西要好。(主语从句,宾语从句)
seems better than .
58.少数族裔文化在塑造独特的澳大利亚文化方面也发挥了作用,还有许多随着移民而来的新文化的影响。
... minority cultures have also the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences by immigrants.
59.这些年坚守梦想所付出的努力都有了回报。
All the years of work that the dream have .
60.The prime minister (下定了决心实施,mind) the reform of higher education. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
参考答案
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
答案
C
D
A
D
C
D
C
B
A
A
题号
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
答案
C
A
D
C
A
C
A
D
D
A
1.C
考查动词时态辨析。句意:这已经是你本周第二次撒谎了!在“This/It is the first/second...time (that) sb. + 现在完成时”这个固定句型中,当主句的谓语动词是is时,从句要用现在完成时,表示 “这是某人第几次做某事”。根据句中“This is the second time”可知,句子使用现在完成时。故选C。
2.D
考查时态。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,主要是由全球气温上升引起的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知句子用现在完成时态。 根据a dramatic可知谓语用单数。故选D。
3.A
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我们2003年买了一栋房子,从那时起就一直住在这里。由in 2003可知,第一空所在的句子时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式;由“since then”可知,第二空所在的句子时态用现在完成时,主语we是复数,因此空格处是have lived。故选A。
4.D
考查固定句型,时态和主谓一致。句意:我心里七上八下,因为这是我第一次向全班做自我介绍。this is the first time that sb. has done sth.是固定句型,意为“这是某人第一次做某事”,主语是I,因此空格处是have introduced。故选D。
5.C
考查动词时态。句意:在过去几年里,我们见证了人工智能的飞速发展。时间状语“in the past few years”是现在完成时的标志性短语,强调动作从过去持续到现在并对现在产生影响。故选C项。
6.D
考查动词时态。句意:——快点!快点!我担心电影已经开始一会儿了。——小心脚下!安全总是第一位的。由句中的时间状语“for a while”可知,此处需要使用持续性动词的现在完成时态,表示电影已经开始并持续了一段时间。故选D项。
7.C
考查时态。句意:在过去的十年里,我们的家乡发生了很大的变化。根据上文In the past ten years可知为现在完成时,主语为changes,助动词用have。故选C。
8.B
考查时态。句意:在过去几十年中,出国留学的人数急剧增加。根据时间状语in the past few decades判断句子用现在完成时。故选B。
9.A
考查时态。句意:——你看过《流浪地球2》这部电影吗?——看过,我上个月看的。第一空表“过去动作对现在的影响”,用现在完成时;last month表过去时间,第二空用一般过去时,故选A。
10.A
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去三个月里进行了十场演出。根据时间状语in the last 3 months可知用现在完成时,且along with连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致,句中谓语与The musician保持一致,The musician为单数,助动词用has。故选A。
11.C
考查谓语动词。句意:然而,由于这种快速发展,也产生了许多问题。分析句子结构可知,此处应为谓语动词,根据句意,此处表示“许多问题已经产生”,说明这一动作发生在过去持续到现在,所以此处用现在完成时,与句子主语many problems间为主动关系,且主语为名词复数。故选C项。
12.A
考查时态。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉的包装,包装设计成两半,每一半包含不同的份量。由句意和Over the last two years(在过去的两年里)可知,这里时态应用现在完成时,强调动作对现在的影响。故选A项。
13.D
考查时态。句意:在过去的二十年里,中国以惊人的速度发展,取得了前所未有的卓越成就。根据时间状语“during the past two decades”可知,该时间状语表示从过去持续到现在的时间段,常用于现在完成时,强调动作从过去开始并对现在产生影响(即 “取得成就”)。现在完成时结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,主语“China”为单数。用“has developed”。故选D。
14.C
考查时态和语态。句意:我很高兴地告诉你自10年前以来我们镇发生的巨大变化。动词短语take place是不及物动词,没有被动句,故排除AD;根据时间状语since 10 years ago可知,应用现在完成时,表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在。故选C项。
15.A
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:不仅学生们,就连他们的班主任也自去年以来获得了多个国家级奖项。句中since last year为现在完成时时间标志;not only...but also...的主谓一致符合“就近原则”,最近的主语head teacher为第三人称单数,故助动词用has。故选A。
16.C
考查时态。句意:林肯币位于伊利诺斯州斯普林菲尔德市中心,它不像乔治·华盛顿在波霍马克的种植园那样令人印象深刻,但自从向公众开放以来,它就吸引了无数游客。根据 since it opened to the public可知,用现在完成时。故选C。
17.A
考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,这个城市遭受了石油生产引起的环境问题。根据句意和句子结构,此处考查动词短语suffer from,意为“遭受、受……之苦”,根据时间状语In the past few years,可知谓语动词应用现在完成时。主语the city为第三人称单数,助动词用has,故填has suffered。故选A项。
18.D
考查时态。句意:——我知道你多年前就来中国了。你在中国住了多久了?——我记不清了。根据过去时间短语many years ago可知,谓语动词使用过去式came,how long 与持续性动词连用,1ive是持续性动词,come是暂时性动词。根据语境可知,本句为现在完成时态,所以动词使用过去分词lived。故选D。
19.D
考查动词时态。句意:自从人类开始园艺以来,我们一直在努力使我们的环境更加美丽。分析句子,句中“since时间状语从句用一般过去时”为现在完成时的时间标志,表示动作发生在过去,对现在有影响。故选D。
20.A
考查时态和同位语从句。句意:由于一种误解,认为植物既没有运动能力,也没有感知能力,因此机器人领域对植物的研究远没有那么热情。分析句子以及结合选项可知,第一空时态可用现在完成时,表示动作对现在的影响,在这里prove为系动词,不用于被动语态;第二空考查同位语从句, plants are capable of neither motion nor perception进一步解释说明a misconception,且后面为完整句子,应用that引导。故选A项。
21.have attended
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这是我第一次参加如此精彩的讲座。It is the first time that sb. have/has done sth.是固定句型,意为“这是某人第一次做某事”,主语是I,因此空格处是have attended。故填have attended。
22.have taken
考查时态。句意:这是我第一次参加以中国传统文化为主题的志愿活动。表示“第一次……”句型为It is the first time that+现在完成时,主语为I,助动词用have。故填have taken。
23.has declined
考查时态。句意:在过去的十年里,这个度假胜地的游客数量下降了10%。根据后文in the past ten years可知为现在完成时,主语为The number of tourists to the resort,助动词用has。故填has declined。
24.has been
考查现在完成时。句意:—你听说最近的选举了吗?—当然了,这可是最近三天唯一的新闻事件。由时间状语for the last three days可知,空处是表示从过去持续到现在的状态,应使用现在完成时,且主语为it表示单数意义。故填has been。
25.have worked
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:那些有才华的人工作了几个月甚至几年,就是为了让你有两个小时的享受。根据“for months and even years”可知,应用现在完成时,主语people是复数,助动词使用have。故填have worked。
26.has admitted
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,还没有人承认安置了炸弹。由So far可知,句子时态是现在完成时,主语no one是不定代词,谓语用单数,因此空格处是has admitted。故填has admitted。
27.coined
考查动词时态。句意:他创造了几个新的技术词汇,现在被广泛使用。由句意及空前的He has可知此处应填过去分词形式coineded,has coined作谓语动词。故填coined。
28.has organized
考查动词时态。句意:过去几年里,我们学校组织了许多活动来推广中国传统节日。根据时间状语over the past years,organize“组织”这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,句子时态应用现在完成时,又因主语our school是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has。故填has organized。
29.has been
考查动词时态。句意:从那时起,中国体育的上升趋势势不可挡。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作谓语;主语the upward trend of Chinese sport与be动词为主动关系,结合时间状语since then可知,动作发生在过去,一直持续到现在,应用现在完成时have/has done结构,主语为单数形式,故谓语也用单数。故填has been。
30.has learned
考查现在完成时的用法。句意:到目前为止,这个小女孩已经学习了2000个英语单词。根据时间状语“Up to now(到目前为止)”可知,该语境强调从过去持续到现在的动作或结果,需用现在完成时“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“the little girl”为第三人称单数,助动词用has,learn的过去分词是 learned。故填has learned。
31.has developed
考查时态。句意:在云南的25个民族中,彝族有着独特的文化,经过数千年的发展,形成了具有鲜明特色的丰富多彩的风俗习惯。develop“发展”。本空作定语从句的谓语,根据时间状语over thousands of years可知,此处描述从过去到现在持续进行的动作,时态应用现在完成时,主语culture为不可数名词,助动词用has。故填has developed。
32.has achieved
考查谓语动词的时态与主谓一致。句意:自 2023 年以来,该研究团队在新能源汽车研发方面取得了显著进展。主语the research team表示“团队整体”,视为单数;“since 2023”为现在完成时的标志词,强调动作从过去持续到现在,故填has achieved。
33.have finished
考查时态。句意:学生们到目前为止已经完成了他们的作业。finish“完成”。so far“到目前为止”是现在完成时的标志词,此处表示动作已经完成,句子时态用现在完成时。主语是students,因此助动词用have。故填have finished。
34.have visited
考查现在完成时。句意:这是我第一次访问美丽的海滨城市青岛。It is the+序数词+time that句式中从句中应用现在完成时,主语是I,助动词用have。故填have visited。
35.have banned
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一些学校自其诞生以来就禁止它。根据since its birth可知,谓语动词ban使用现在完成时,主语some schools为复数意义,谓语复数形式,故填have banned。
36.have affected
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:最近,这些行为影响了生态平衡。根据句中的Recently,本句应用现在完成时。主语these actions为复数,所以谓语应用复数形式。故填have affected。
37.have enjoyed/have been enjoying
考查时态。句意:我在英国长大,父亲是英国人,母亲是中国人。自从我学会拿刀叉和筷子以来,我就喜欢上了这两个国家的食物!根据句子可知,提示词是句子谓语动词,与主语I之间是主动关系,结合句中时间状语“ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork-and chopsticks”可知,表示从过去开始持续现在,并将继续下去的动作,可用现在完成时态或者现在完成进行时态;主语是I,助动词用have。故填have enjoyed/have been enjoying。
38. have asked have fled
考查动词时态。句意:据阿富汗国际联合会称,约有3000名艺术家已向该组织请求帮助,以便他们能够离开阿富汗或他们所逃往的周边国家。动词ask在主句中作谓语,动词短语ask sb to do表示“请求某人做某事”,该句表示从过去到现在已经完成的动作,故应用现在完成时,主语是some 3,000 artists,助动词用have,故空①填have asked;flee为动词,表示“逃跑、逃离”,在从句中作谓语,该句也表示从过去到现在已经完成的动作,故应用现在完成时,主语是they,助动词用have,故空②填have fled。
39.has participated
考查现在完成时,主谓一致。句意:这是足球天才梅西第五次参加2022年卡塔尔世界杯的比赛。固定句型“It is the... time that+现在完成式(这是第五次……)”,表示过去发生的事情造成的现在的结果,使用现在完成时,主语Lionel Messi为单数,因此需要使用现在完成时的单数形式。故填has participated。
40.have set
考查动词的时态。句意:这是足球运动员首次踏上卡塔尔的土地。在“It is the first time +that从句”的结构中,从句用现在完成时。set foot on/upon意为“进入;踏上”。主语是名词复数,故填have set。
41.have arrived
考查时态。句意:当你回家的时候,打个电话告诉我你已经安全到达了。分析句子结构,know后是省略了连词that引导的宾语从句,所以空格填谓语动词;由句意可知,先到达,再打电话告知,表示已经完成的动作对现在产生的影响,所以用现在完成时,即have arrived。故填have arrived。
42.has cooperated/has been cooperating
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:最近,张与妇女再就业组织合作,寻找有缝纫技能的全职在家妇女。根据句中的“Recently”及句意可知,此处表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作,而且还有可能持续下去,可强调动作在这段时间内一直正在进行,句子使用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,主语Zhang 为单数意义,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has cooperated/has been cooperating。
43.has raised
考查时态。句意:这已经不是他的鞋子第一次引人侧目了。It is not the first time that ... 是固定句型,其中that引导的从句需用现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或持续到现在的情况。主语his footwear为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式,故填has raised。
44.has gained
考查动词时态。句意:她是在过去一年中走红的短视频创作者之一,她独特的内容吸引了大量的粉丝。本句是that引导的定语从句,gain作从句谓语,根据时间状语over the past year可知,用现在完成时,从句主语that代指先行词one of the short-video creators,为第三人称单数。故填has gained。
45.has faded
考查时态。句意:时间已经使色彩褪去,但这些公园仍然鲜活,只是充满了孤寂。此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响(色彩已褪去),应用现在完成时;主语 Time 为不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 has faded。
46.has jumped
考查现在完成时,主谓一致。句意:在过去的三年里,这个城市校园书店的数量从几家猛增到100多家。根据句中时间状语“in the past three years(在过去的三年里)”可知,本句为现在完成时,主语he number of 为单数意义,因此谓语需要使用单数形式。故填has jumped。
47. have made was built
考查动词时态及语态。句意:自从去年建厂以来,我们赚了很多钱。第一空:根据since the factory ② (build) last year.可知,应用现在完成时,make与主语we是逻辑主谓关系,应用主动语态;第二空:build与主语the factory是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态,由last year可知,此处陈述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是单数,be动词使用was。故填①have made;②was built。
48.has been destroyed
考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:在过去的两年里,这个历史性的建筑物被大火烧毁。由in the past two years可知句子应使用现在完成时,building和destroy之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是第三人称,应用单数形式,故填has been destroyed。
49.has launched
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:自今年年初以来,联合国与多个国际组织一同发起了一项全球运动,旨在保护发展中国家儿童的权益。空处为句子的谓语动词,根据时间状语since the beginning of this year可知,句子应用现在完成时。主语是单数名词The United Nations,其后的together with several international organizations作插入语,遵循“就远原则”,谓语动词的单复数由主语The United Nations决定,需用单数形式,而且主语和谓语launch(发起)之间是主动关系,要用has+过去分词。故填has launched。
50.has devoted
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:自去年以来,不仅是年轻志愿者们,他们的团队负责人也把大部分业余时间都奉献在社区中心,帮助老年人学习基本的数字技能。句中的since last year作时间状语,时态要用现在完成时。主语their team leader(他们的团队负责人)是单数名词,和谓语动词devote(奉献)是主动关系,要用has+过去分词。故填has devoted。
51.he has been buried in his research work
考查现在完成时和固定短语。句意:自从搬到那里以后,他一直专注于他的研究工作。根据ever since(自从)可知,该句应使用现在完成时,主语“他”是he,助动词用has,“专注于”可使用固定短语be buried in,宾语“研究工作”可使用短语research work。故填he has been buried in his research work。
52. have been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age Having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age
考查固定短语,非谓语动词,时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“从小就接触外教”,“从小”是since a young age,“接触”是固定短语be exposed to,时态用现在完成时,主语是I,因此是have been exposed to,“外教”是foreign teacher,teacher要用复数,因此第一空是“have been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age”。第二句中谓语是can communicate,第二空处要用非谓语动词,由现在完成时have been exposed可知,第二空处的非谓语动词是having been exposed,位于句首的单词首字母大写,因此第二空是“Having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age”。故填have been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age,Having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age。
53. replaced with
考查动词短语。根据句意空处为“用……取代”,短语为replace...with,结合上文We’ve可知为现在完成时,故填①replaced;②with。
54. warned against extreme
考查动词短语和形容词。空处第一、二空需填表示“向……发出警告,告诫……不要……” 的英语短语,动词短语warn sb against doing sth表示“告诫某人不要做某事”,符合句意;句子主句时态为现在完成时,空前已有have,故空处需用过去分词形式,warn的过去分词为warned,故第一空填warned,第二空填against;第三空需填形容词修饰名词methods,extreme为形容词,意为“极端的”,符合语境。故填①warned②against③extreme。
55.it is the first time that I have left my motherland
考查固定句型。表示“第一次……”句型为it is the first time that+现在完成时;主语为I;表示“离开”用动词leave,表示“我的祖国”为my motherland,从句用现在完成时,助动词用have。故填it is the first time that I have left my motherland。
56.has given way to
考查动词短语和时态。“让位于”可用动词give way to表示,作主句谓语,描述的是已经发生的事情,强调对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时态,主语为the grassy plain是单数名词,助动词用has。故填has given way to。
57. What we can’t get what we have had
考查主语从句和宾语从句。根据句意可知,空一应填“我们得不到的东西”,可用what引导的主语从句表示,表示“得到”可用动词get,“不能”译为can’t,所以①处填What we can’t get,空二应填“我们已拥有的东西”than后是宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,表示“东西”可用what,根据句意表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的结果,用现在完成时时态,“拥有”译为have。所以②处应填what we have had。故填①What we can’t get;②what we have had。
58. played a role in shaping contributed
考查名词,动词,介词,短语和时态。表示“塑造”应用动词shape;表示“在…方面发挥作用”应用动词短语play a role in,前面有助动词have,这里的动词play要用过去分词形式,构成现在完成时;表示“促成,添加”用动词contribute,该词和名词influences是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以第二个空用过去分词。故答案为played a role in shaping和contributed。
59. held on to paid off
考查固定搭配和时态。“坚守”为短语hold on to,在that引导的定语从句中作谓语,由句意可知,描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,hold应用过去式held;“回报”为短语pay off,由have可知,主句是现在完成时,pay应用过去分词形式与have构成现在完成时,故填①held;②on;③to;④paid;⑤off。
60.has made up his mind to implement
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意:首相已下定决心实施高等教育改革。根据提要要求,需翻译“下定了决心实施”,且需用到mind,所以此处应用固定动词短语:make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”,描述的是过去的动作持续到现在并且已经完成,所以应该用现在完成时,“实施”译为“implement”。故填has made up his mind to implement。
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