新知04 简单句的基本句型-2026年八年级英语寒假衔接回归教材复习与预习重难点突破（新教材仁爱科普版）

新知04 简单句的基本句型 一、英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 二、英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一 S＋V（主＋谓） 基本句型二 S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 基本句型三 S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四 S＋V＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五 S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 三、基本句型一：S＋V（主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如： 1. Time flies. 2. The moon rose. 3. The man cooked. 四、基本句型二：S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类： （1）表示状态的系动词。这些词有：be， look， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， keep， remain等。 （2）表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become， get， grow， turn， go， come， prove等。 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The lunch smells good. 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词 He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 3）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 4）表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意 The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） 五、基本句型三：S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词（词组）叫做及物动词（词组）。 1. We planted trees. 2. She laughs at her. 一些表示命令、打算、希望、决心等的动词后常接不定式作宾语。此类动词巧记如下： 想要干：want， wish， hope， expect， would like/love， like 早打算：plan， prepare， mean 同意否：agree， offer， refuse 问问看：ask， afford 决定了：decide， make up one’s mind， promise 开始学：begin/start， learn 尽力干：manage（反义词fail）， try 努力做：make an effort 莫等待：wait 别忘记：forget（反义词remember） 六、基本句型四：S＋V＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。 注意：有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。 ★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give， tell， lend， sell， teach， send， write， show， return， bring， pass， leave， offer， hand， play等。 ★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有： buy， choose， get， make， order， sing， do， save等。 1. He gave me a book/a book to me. 2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 3. He’s warned me of the danger. （特殊例子——直宾前加介词，只有这一种形式，不能对调） 七、基本句型五：S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型句子的共同特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 2. Bill ordered him to leave. 动词不定式作宾补 ①常在“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构中使用。 常见此类动词有advise， allow， ask， encourage， force， help， invite， order， teach， tell， warn， wish， want/would like， expect， get等。 ②在表示感官及使役等意义的动词后，要用不带to的不定式作补语。 常见的此类动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look，see，notice， watch）。help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 一、单项选择 1．Which of the following sentences has the structure “S+V+O+C"? A．She seems a little angry. B．Amy always helps her friends. C．The teacher asked us to read aloud. D．They bought her a lovely doll. 2．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “The weather is pleasant in autumn.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．Farmers work to harvest crops. C．Trees and flowers forget to grow. D．Bees and butterflies hide from April showers. 3．Which of the following sentences has the same sentence structure as “I saw him crossing the street”? A．We will buy Millie a birthday present. B．The news makes me very happy. C．The dress looks shiny in the sun. D．The volunteers are cleaning the street. 4．“I am very happy.” The sentence structure is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V D．S+V+O+OC 5．What is the sentence structure of “Ice cream tastes nice”? A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 6．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “ The temperature drops after summer.” A．It suddenly rained. B．She asked me a question. C．The little girl is very happy. D．He found a key in the garden. 7．Which of the following sentences has the structure of “S+V+P”? A．It is an ideal place for picnics. B．The dolphin is swimming freely in the ocean. C．I found the panda very cute. D．The bear can climb the tree. 8．What is the structure of the sentence “The flowers in the garden look really fresh and nice.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+P 9．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “His face turned red.”? A．We will send her a birthday card. B．They often fly kites on windy days. C．Tom is playing happily in the park. D．The food tastes delicious. 10．Which of the sentences follows the structure “S+V+O+C”? A．The temperature drops. B．He got hurt in an accident. C．My parents bought me a nice gift. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball. 11．The sentence structure of “I saw some beautiful flowers.” is____________. A．S + V + IO + DO B．S + V + DO + OC C．S + V D．S + V + O 12．Do the birds stay comfortably in the reserve? The structure of this sentence is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 13．Which of the following has the same sentence structure (结构) as “My cousin is 5 years old.”? A．I arrived home at 7:00 yesterday. B．They are making snowmen. C．We have four seasons. D．The children became so excited when seeing this. 14．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “I found this book interesting.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．We have four seasons. C．Eddie is watching Hobo work. D．Mum and Dad gave me nice presents for my birthday. 15．What is the sentence structure of “Some boys are having a snowball fight on the playground.” A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 16．What is the sentence structure of “They call the ocean the ‘heart’ of the earth.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+O+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C 17．“The mother bird keeps the eggs safe.” The main structure of the sentence is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O+C C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+P 18．Most students have found online learning necessary. 该句的句子结构是 _________。 A．主语+系动词+表语 B．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 C．主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 19．Which sentence structure is “S+V+O+C”? A．Sandy gave her cat some food. B．I found the story very interesting. C．The bird is singing beautifully. D．The dish smells very good. 20．Which of the following sentences has the structure “S+V+O”? A．Amy always helps her friends. B．She seems a little angry. C．The baby is crying loudly. D．The story is quite exciting. 二、单词拼写 21．The story (发生) on May 25th, 2024. 22．The book is (education), and we should read it. 23．—There are so many people at the square. —You’re right. It’s always (crowd) on weekends. 24． (恐怕) I can’t help you today. I am going shopping with my sister. 25．Problems and worries are （正常的）in life. 三、完成句子 26．humans and animals  the  same  are  sky  under  family _______________________________________________________ 27．Whenever, the, remember, smell, I, my, grandmother, cinnamon, I （连词成句） _______________________________________________________ 28．all, farmers, crops, harvest, day  (.) _______________________________________________________ 29．efficient, transport, The, more, system, be, will (.) _______________________________________________________ 30．sports, I, than, love, more, anything _______________________________________________________ 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（每空限填一词）。 Almost every school has a 31 (流行的) sports club that many students look forward to joining. New faces 32 (出现) in the club every term, bringing fresh energy and passion for different sports. We can 33 (关联) with classmates who share the same interest even if we were not familiar before. Our PE teacher always tells us the 34 (重要性) of teamwork when we play team sports like basketball. The rules of most sports are 35 (简单的), so beginners can learn them quickly without feeling confused. A senior student always 36 (主办) the club’s opening ceremony and introduces the activities for the new term. 37 (无论何时) we have free time after class, we will go to the playground to practice together. We never 38 (分开) ourselves into small groups; instead, we help each other improve our skills. Sometimes we 39 (失败) in friendly matches, but we never give up because failure teaches us valuable lessons. Many of us hope to become a great 40 (运动员) in the future, and the club is where our dreams start to grow. 五、完形填空 Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）。 A Careful Look at the Truth Detective Lina Park was known for her calm mind and careful eyes. She worked in a small city where most cases were 41 , but she treated every case seriously. One afternoon, Lina received a(n) 42 from a bakery. A teenager named Kevin was suspected of stealing a wallet. He had been seen near the cash register, and the wallet disappeared minutes later. The shop owner was sure that Kevin had taken it. When Lina arrived, Kevin looked 43 . “I didn’t steal anything,” he said softly. Lina believed in listening before judging, so she asked him to explain. Kevin said he was only there to buy bread for his grandmother. Lina checked the security camera. The video showed Kevin near the counter, but his hands were empty when he left. Still, the wallet was missing. She began questioning other 44 . A woman remembered seeing a man in a blue jacket rushing out of the bakery. “He looked nervous,” she said. Lina followed this clue and asked nearby shops. A fruit seller had seen the same man drop a wallet before picking it up again and running away. 45 , Lina found the man waiting at a bus stop. He admitted that he had taken the wallet but panicked and ran away. Lina returned it to the owner and explained the truth. Kevin was 46 . The shop owner apologized, and Kevin left smiling with his bag of bread. Lina watched him leave, then turned back to the bakery. Sometimes, she believed, finding the truth mattered more than finding a suspect. 41．A．dangerous B．simple C．personal D．secret 42．A．award B．invitation C．report D．reply 43．A．frightened B．hopeful C．confident D．angry 44．A．suspects B．captains C．neighbours D．customers 45．A．However B．Finally C．In conclusion D．As a result 46．A．cleared B．arrested C．controlled D．hidden 一、语法选择 （2024·广东·中考真题）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 When Peter was six, he started receiving pocket money from his mother. When he turned seven, he 1 £7 a week. Now at the age of fifteen, he 2 £15 every week. He has the raise in pocket money because he spends money wisely. 3 a shopping mall near Peter’s home. At weekends, he watches 4 movies with his friends, or takes his little brother to the play center there. He buys his grandparents small presents when he visits them. Sometimes, he takes one 5 bus ride to museums and zoos in another town. When he has saved enough money, Peter goes to the bookstores 6 great books and donates them to children in need. His mother is satisfied with 7 he spends his money. She thinks it is a smart choice to give Peter pocket money. “This habit 8 help Peter manage money well,” she says. Peter’s mother even suggests giving pocket money to children as 9 as when they are four. “To learn how to deal with money is 10 useful life skill. Giving children pocket money in their early years teaches them the importance of budgeting.” 1．A．gets B．got C．will get 2．A．gives B．is given C．is giving 3．A．There is B．It is C．They are 4．A．excite B．excitement C．exciting 5．A．hour B．hours C．hour’s 6．A．buy B．to buy C．bought 7．A．how B．which C．whether 8．A．need B．must C．can 9．A．early B．earlier C．earliest 10．A．a B．an C．the 二、情景运用 （2024·福建·中考真题）根据每小题所提供的图画情景和提示词，写出一个与图画情景相符的句子。 11．smart 12．behind 13．yesterday 14．tomorrow 15． while 三、单项选择 16．（2023·四川内江·中考真题）Jim’s father bought him a schoolbag on his birthday. A．表语 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．主语 四、完成句子 17．（2024·河北·中考真题）am, a, in, poem club, I . 18．（2024·重庆·中考真题）Helen, a, cake, me, bought （连词成句） . 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新知04 简单句的基本句型 一、英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 二、英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一 S＋V（主＋谓） 基本句型二 S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 基本句型三 S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四 S＋V＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五 S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 三、基本句型一：S＋V（主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如： 1. Time flies. 2. The moon rose. 3. The man cooked. 四、基本句型二：S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类： （1）表示状态的系动词。这些词有：be， look， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， keep， remain等。 （2）表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become， get， grow， turn， go， come， prove等。 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The lunch smells good. 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词 He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 3）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 4）表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意 The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） 五、基本句型三：S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词（词组）叫做及物动词（词组）。 1. We planted trees. 2. She laughs at her. 一些表示命令、打算、希望、决心等的动词后常接不定式作宾语。此类动词巧记如下： 想要干：want， wish， hope， expect， would like/love， like 早打算：plan， prepare， mean 同意否：agree， offer， refuse 问问看：ask， afford 决定了：decide， make up one’s mind， promise 开始学：begin/start， learn 尽力干：manage（反义词fail）， try 努力做：make an effort 莫等待：wait 别忘记：forget（反义词remember） 六、基本句型四：S＋V＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。 注意：有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。 ★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give， tell， lend， sell， teach， send， write， show， return， bring， pass， leave， offer， hand， play等。 ★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有： buy， choose， get， make， order， sing， do， save等。 1. He gave me a book/a book to me. 2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 3. He’s warned me of the danger. （特殊例子——直宾前加介词，只有这一种形式，不能对调） 七、基本句型五：S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型句子的共同特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 2. Bill ordered him to leave. 动词不定式作宾补 ①常在“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构中使用。 常见此类动词有advise， allow， ask， encourage， force， help， invite， order， teach， tell， warn， wish， want/would like， expect， get等。 ②在表示感官及使役等意义的动词后，要用不带to的不定式作补语。 常见的此类动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look，see，notice， watch）。help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 一、单项选择 1．Which of the following sentences has the structure “S+V+O+C"? A．She seems a little angry. B．Amy always helps her friends. C．The teacher asked us to read aloud. D．They bought her a lovely doll. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构？ 考查句子成分分析。She seems a little angry.结构为“S+V+P”（主语+系动词+表语）；Amy always helps her friends.结构为“S+V+O”（主语+谓语+宾语）；The teacher asked us to read aloud.中the teacher是主语，asked是谓语，us是宾语，to read aloud是宾语补足语，符合“S+V+O+C”结构；They bought her a lovely doll.结构为“S+V+IO+DO”（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）。故选C。 2．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “The weather is pleasant in autumn.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．Farmers work to harvest crops. C．Trees and flowers forget to grow. D．Bees and butterflies hide from April showers. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子与“秋天的天气很宜人”结构相同？ 考查句子结构分析。Autumn leaves turn brown.秋天的树叶变成褐色，为主系表结构，turn为系动词；Farmers work to harvest crops.农民工作以收获庄稼，为“主谓+目的状语”的结构；Trees and flowers forget to grow.树木和花朵忘记生长，为主谓宾结构；Bees and butterflies hide from April showers.蜜蜂和蝴蝶躲避四月阵雨，为“主谓+状语”的结构。原句“The weather is pleasant in autumn.”为主系表结构。只有选项A与原句结构一致。故选A。 3．Which of the following sentences has the same sentence structure as “I saw him crossing the street”? A．We will buy Millie a birthday present. B．The news makes me very happy. C．The dress looks shiny in the sun. D．The volunteers are cleaning the street. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子的句子结构与“I saw him crossing the street”相同？ 考查句子结构。We will buy Millie a birthday present.我们将给米莉买一份生日礼物；The news makes me very happy.这个消息让我非常高兴；The dress looks shiny in the sun.那件连衣裙在阳光下看起来闪闪发光；The volunteers are cleaning the street.志愿者们正在清扫街道。句子“I saw him crossing the street”的结构为：主语（I）+谓语（saw）+宾语（him）+宾语补足语（crossing the street）。选项B“The news makes me very happy”的句子结构为：主语（The news） + 谓语（makes） + 宾语（me） + 宾语补足语（very happy）。因此，选项B的句子结构与题干所给句子相同。故选B。 4．“I am very happy.” The sentence structure is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“I am very happy.”这个句子的结构是S+V+P。 考查句子结构。句子“I am very happy”中，主语S是“I”，动词V是“am”，表语P是“very happy”，描述主语的状态。因此，句子结构为S+V+P。故选B。 5．What is the sentence structure of “Ice cream tastes nice”? A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“Ice cream tastes nice”这个句子的结构是什么？ 考查句子结构。S+V+O主+谓+宾；S+V主+谓；S+V+P主+系+表；S+V+O+OC主+谓+宾+宾补。根据句子分析，Ice cream作主语；tastes作谓语；nice作表语。因此此处是主系表结构。故选C。 6．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “ The temperature drops after summer.” A．It suddenly rained. B．She asked me a question. C．The little girl is very happy. D．He found a key in the garden. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：温度在夏季后下降。 考查句子结构。The temperature drops after summer.结构为主语（The temperature）+ 不及物动词（drops）+ 状语（after summer）。It suddenly rained.天突然下雨了，结构为主语（It）+ 不及物动词（rained）+ 状语（suddenly）；She asked me a question.她问了我一个问题，为及物动词带双宾语结构，The little girl is very happy.这个小女孩非常开心，为主系表结构；He found a key in the garden.他在花园里找到了一把钥匙，为及物动词带宾语和状语结构，A选项结构与原句结构相符。故选A。 7．Which of the following sentences has the structure of “S+V+P”? A．It is an ideal place for picnics. B．The dolphin is swimming freely in the ocean. C．I found the panda very cute. D．The bear can climb the tree. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子的结构是“主系表”（S+V+P）结构？ 考查句子结构。It is an ideal place for picnics.这是一个理想的野餐地点；The dolphin is swimming freely in the ocean海豚在海洋中自由地游泳；I found the panda very cute我发现熊猫非常可爱；The bear can climb the tree熊能爬树。S+V+P结构指主语（Subject）+系动词（Linking Verb）+表语（Predicative），其中系动词（如be动词）连接主语和表语，表语描述主语的属性或状态。选项A中，“It”为主语，“is”为系动词，“an ideal place for picnics”为表语（名词短语），符合S+V+P结构；选项B中“is swimming”为动词短语（动作动词），表示进行时态，后接状语，非系表结构；选项C为S+V+O+C结构（主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语），动词“found”为及物动词；选项D为S+V+O结构（主语+动词+宾语），动词“can climb”为及物动词短语。故选A。 8．What is the structure of the sentence “The flowers in the garden look really fresh and nice.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+P 【答案】D 【详解】句意：句子“The flowers in the garden look really fresh and nice.”的结构是什么？ 考查句子结构。句子中，“The flowers in the garden”是主语（S），“look”是系动词（V），后接形容词短语“really fresh and nice”作表语（P），描述主语状态，因此结构为S+V+P。故选D。 9．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “His face turned red.”? A．We will send her a birthday card. B．They often fly kites on windy days. C．Tom is playing happily in the park. D．The food tastes delicious. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子有着与“他的脸变红了。”一样的句子结构？ 考查句子结构。原句“His face turned red.”的结构为主语“His face”+系动词“turned”+表语“red”，属于“主系表”结构。选项D“The food tastes delicious.”中，主语为the food“食物”，tastes“尝起来”为系动词，delicious“美味的”为形容词作表语，句子为“主系表”结构，故选D。 10．Which of the sentences follows the structure “S+V+O+C”? A．The temperature drops. B．He got hurt in an accident. C．My parents bought me a nice gift. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面哪个句子符合“S+V+O+C”（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）结构？ 考查句子结构。The temperature drops.结构为“S+V”（主语+谓语）；He got hurt in an accident.结构为“S+V+P”（主语+系动词+表语）；My parents bought me a nice gift.结构为“S+V+IO+DO”（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语），间接宾语me，直接宾语a nice gift；I saw some kids kicking the ball.结构为“S+V+O+C”，主语I，谓语saw，宾语some kids，宾语补足语kicking the ball用来补充说明宾语的动作。故选D。 11．The sentence structure of “I saw some beautiful flowers.” is____________. A．S + V + IO + DO B．S + V + DO + OC C．S + V D．S + V + O 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“我看到了一些美丽的花朵”这个句子的结构是S + V + O。考查句子结构。S + V + IO + DO主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语；S + V + DO + OC主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 宾语补足语；S + V主语 + 谓语；S + V + O主语 + 谓语+ 宾语。句子中，“I”是主语（S），“saw”是谓语（V），“some beautiful flowers”是宾语（O），该句属于简单及物动词结构，即“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”（S + V + O）。故选D。 12．Do the birds stay comfortably in the reserve? The structure of this sentence is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】B 【详解】句意：鸟儿们在保护区里舒适地停留吗？这个句子的结构是主谓结构。 考查句子结构。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V主语+谓语；S+V+P主语+谓语+表语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。分析句子结构可知，the birds“这些鸟儿”作主语；stay“停留”，不及物动词作谓语；comfortably“舒适地”，作状语修饰谓语动词；in the reserve“在保护区”是地点状语修饰谓语动词，该句符合S+V“主语+谓语”的结构，无其他必要成分。故选B。 13．Which of the following has the same sentence structure (结构) as “My cousin is 5 years old.”? A．I arrived home at 7:00 yesterday. B．They are making snowmen. C．We have four seasons. D．The children became so excited when seeing this. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——下面哪一个句子和“My cousin is 5 years old.”的句子结构相同？ 考查句子结构辨析。“My cousin is 5 years old.”我的表弟5岁了，主系表结构。I arrived home at 7:00 yesterday.我昨天7点到家，主谓 (+状语) 结构；They are making snowmen.他们在堆雪人，主谓宾结构；We have four seasons.我们有四个季节，主谓宾结构；The children became so excited when seeing this.孩子们看到这个时变得非常兴奋，主系表结构。故选D。 14．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “I found this book interesting.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．We have four seasons. C．Eddie is watching Hobo work. D．Mum and Dad gave me nice presents for my birthday. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子的结构与“我觉得这本书很有趣”相同？ 考查句子结构分析。Autumn leaves turn brown秋叶变褐色了；We have four seasons我们有四个季节；Eddie is watching Hobo work Eddie正在看Hobo工作；Mum and Dad gave me nice presents for my birthday爸爸妈妈送给我很好的生日礼物。选项A：Autumn leaves (主语)+turn (系动词)+brown (表语)，属于“主系表”结构。选项B：We (主语)+have (谓语)+four seasons (宾语)，属于“主谓宾”结构。选项C：Eddie (主语)+is watching (谓语)+Hobo (宾语)+work (宾语补足语)，属于“主谓宾宾补”结构。选项D：Mum and Dad (主语)+gave (谓语)+me (间接宾语)+nice presents (直接宾语)，属于“主谓双宾”结构。原句“I (主语) found (谓语) this book (宾语) interesting (宾语补足语).”属于“主谓宾宾补”结构，与选项C结构相同。故选C。 15．What is the sentence structure of “Some boys are having a snowball fight on the playground.” A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“一些男孩正在操场上打雪仗。”的句子结构是什么？ 考查句子结构分析。句子主干为“Some boys are having a snowball fight”。“Some boys”是主语(S)，“are having”是谓语动词(V)，“a snowball fight”是宾语(O)。因此句子结构是S+V+O。故选B。 16．What is the sentence structure of “They call the ocean the ‘heart’ of the earth.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+O+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“他们称海洋为地球的‘心脏’”这个句子的结构是什么？ 考查句子结构辨析。S+V+O“主+谓+宾”；S+V+O+O“主+谓+双宾语”结构；S+V+P“主+系+表”结构；S+V+O+C“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。分析句子结构可知，They“他们”，代词主格作主语；call“称为”，实义动词作谓语；the ocean“海洋”，名词作宾语；the ‘heart’ of the earth“地球的‘心脏’”，宾语补足语，用于补充说明宾语，则该句符合S+V+O+C“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。故选D。 17．“The mother bird keeps the eggs safe.” The main structure of the sentence is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O+C C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+P 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“母鸟保护鸟蛋的安全。”句子的主要结构是S+V+O+C。 考查句子基本结构。主语（S）是“The mother bird”，谓语动词（V）是“keeps”，宾语（O）是“the eggs”，“safe”作为形容词充当宾语补足语（C），描述宾语的状态，因此句子结构为S+V+O+C。故选B。 18．Most students have found online learning necessary. 该句的句子结构是 _________。 A．主语+系动词+表语 B．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 C．主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大多数学生已经发现在线学习是必要的。 考查句子结构。分析句子成分：主语为most students，谓语为have found，宾语为online learning，necessary作为宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态，故句子结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”。故选B。 19．Which sentence structure is “S+V+O+C”? A．Sandy gave her cat some food. B．I found the story very interesting. C．The bird is singing beautifully. D．The dish smells very good. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哪个句子是“主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构？ 考查句子结构。S+V+O+C结构表示主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的状态或特征）。Sandy gave her cat some food. Sandy给了她的猫一些食物。Sandy (S) gave (V) her cat (间接宾语) some food (直接宾语)，结构为S+V+IO+DO，不符合S+V+O+C。I found the story very interesting. 我发现这个故事非常有趣。I (S) found (V) the story (O) very interesting (C)，其中“very interesting”作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语“the story”，符合S+V+O+C结构。The bird is singing beautifully. 这只鸟正在优美地唱歌。The bird (S) is singing (V) beautifully (状语)，结构为S+V+状语，无宾语和补语。The dish smells very good. 这道菜闻起来很香。The dish (S) smells (V) very good (P)，其中“very good”作表语，结构为S+V+P，不符合S+V+O+C。因此选项B符合“S+V+O+C”的结构，故选B。 20．Which of the following sentences has the structure “S+V+O”? A．Amy always helps her friends. B．She seems a little angry. C．The baby is crying loudly. D．The story is quite exciting. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子具有“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构？ 考查句子结构。Amy always helps her friends符合“主语+谓语+宾语”结构；She seems a little angry为“主语+系动词+表语”结构；The baby is crying loudly为“主语+不及物动词+状语”结构；The story is quite exciting为“主语+系动词+表语”结构。故选A。 二、单词拼写 21．The story (发生) on May 25th, 2024. 【答案】happened 【详解】句意：故事发生在2024年5月25日。根据汉语提示可知，happen“发生”，根据“on May 25th, 2024”可知，时态为一般过去时。故填happened。 22．The book is (education), and we should read it. 【答案】educational 【详解】句意：这本书很有教育意义，我们应该读一读。根据“is”可知，此句是一个肯定陈述句，句子结构为：主系表，结合所给提示词，此处要把名词education变成形容词educational，作表语。故填educational。 23．—There are so many people at the square. —You’re right. It’s always (crowd) on weekends. 【答案】crowded 【详解】句意： —— 广场上有好多人。—— 你说得对。周末这里总是很拥挤。“crowd” 是名词，意为 “人群； crowd” 。此句中 “is” 是系动词，后面需接形容词作表语，“crowd” 的形容词形式是 “crowded”（拥挤的 ）。故填 crowded。 24． (恐怕) I can’t help you today. I am going shopping with my sister. 【答案】 I’m afraid 【详解】句意：恐怕我今天帮不了你。我要和我姐姐一起去购物。根据句意和中文提示，恐怕：I’m afraid；首句是复合句，主句I’m afraid，宾语从句“I can’t help you today”，故填I’m；afraid。 25．Problems and worries are （正常的）in life. 【答案】normal 【详解】句意：生活中的问题和担忧是正常的。表达“正常的”用形容词normal，are是系动词，本句是主系表结构，填形容词normal作表语。故填normal。 三、完成句子 26．humans and animals  the  same  are  sky  under  family _______________________________________________________ 【答案】Humans and animals are family under the same sky. 【详解】根据所给单词，本句为陈述句，Humans and animals “人类和动物”，作主语且句首首字母大写；are “是”，作系动词；family “一家人”，作表语；under the same sky “在同一片天空下”，作状语表地点。故填 Humans and animals are family under the same sky “人类和动物是同一片天空下的一家人”。 27．Whenever, the, remember, smell, I, my, grandmother, cinnamon, I （连词成句） _______________________________________________________ 【答案】Whenever I smell the cinnamon, I remember my grandmother./I remember my grandmother whenever I smell the cinnamon. 【详解】根据所给单词可知，本句为时间状语从句。Whenever“无论何时”可置于句首,首字母大写，引导时间状语从句，也可后置；I“我”；smell“闻到”；the定冠词，cinnamon“肉桂”；remember“想起”；my“我的”；grandmother“祖母”。故填Whenever I smell the cinnamon, I remember my grandmother./I remember my grandmother whenever I smell the cinnamon.“每当我闻到肉桂的香味，我就会想起我的祖母”。 28．all, farmers, crops, harvest, day  (.) _______________________________________________________ 【答案】Farmers harvest crops all day. 【详解】根据所给词及标点可知是陈述句；Farmers是主语，harvest是动词作谓语，crops是宾语，all day是时间状语。故填Farmers harvest crops all day.“农民们整天收割庄稼。” 29．efficient, transport, The, more, system, be, will (.) _______________________________________________________ 【答案】The transport system will be more efficient. 【详解】根据所给词及标点可知是陈述句；The是定冠词，system是主语，efficient是形容词，其前加more构成形容词比较级，will be是将来时系动词，transport作定语修饰system。故填The transport system will be more efficient.“交通系统将会更加高效。” 30．sports, I, than, love, more, anything _______________________________________________________ 【答案】I love sports more than anything. 【详解】根据所给标点及所给词可知，本句是陈述句。I“我”作主语；love“喜爱”动词，作谓语；sports为sport的复数形式“运动”名词作宾语；more than“超过”；anything复合不定代词“任何事情/东西”。故填I love sports more than anything.“我喜欢运动胜过一切。” 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（每空限填一词）。 Almost every school has a 31 (流行的) sports club that many students look forward to joining. New faces 32 (出现) in the club every term, bringing fresh energy and passion for different sports. We can 33 (关联) with classmates who share the same interest even if we were not familiar before. Our PE teacher always tells us the 34 (重要性) of teamwork when we play team sports like basketball. The rules of most sports are 35 (简单的), so beginners can learn them quickly without feeling confused. A senior student always 36 (主办) the club’s opening ceremony and introduces the activities for the new term. 37 (无论何时) we have free time after class, we will go to the playground to practice together. We never 38 (分开) ourselves into small groups; instead, we help each other improve our skills. Sometimes we 39 (失败) in friendly matches, but we never give up because failure teaches us valuable lessons. Many of us hope to become a great 40 (运动员) in the future, and the club is where our dreams start to grow. 【答案】 31．popular 32．appear 33．connect 34．importance 35．simple 36．hosts 37．Whenever 38．separate/divide 39．fail 40．athlete 【导语】本文介绍了学校体育社团的日常：新成员加入带来活力、成员们在社团中建立联系、学习团队合作、互相帮助提升技能，同时社团也是学生们追逐运动员梦想的起点。 31．句意：几乎每个学校都有一个受欢迎的体育社团，许多学生都盼望着加入。popular“流行的，受欢迎的”，是形容词，此处作定语。故填popular。 32．句意：每学期社团里都会出现新面孔，为不同的运动带来新鲜的活力与热情。appear“出现”，是动词，根据“every term”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语New faces表示复数，所以谓语用动词原形。故填appear。 33．句意：即使之前不熟悉，我们也能和有共同兴趣的同学建立联系。connect“关联”，是动词，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填connect。 34．句意：当我们进行篮球这类团队运动时，我们的体育老师总会告诉我们团队合作的重要性。importance“重要性”，是名词；the importance of“……的重要性”。故填importance。 35．句意：大多数运动的规则都很简单，所以初学者能快速学会，不会感到困惑。simple“简单的”，是形容词，此处作表语。故填simple。 36．句意：高年级的学生总会主办社团的开幕式，并介绍新学期的活动。host“主办”，是动词；根据“always”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语A senior student表示单数，谓语用动词第三人称单数形式hosts。故填hosts。 37．句意：无论何时课后有空，我们都会去操场一起练习。whenever“无论何时”，是连词，句首首字母要大写。故填Whenever。 38．句意：我们从不会把自己分成小团体，相反，我们互相帮助提升技能。separate/divide“分开”，是动词；句子描述习惯性行为，时态为一般现在时，主语We表示复数，谓语用动词原形。故填separate/divide。 39．句意：有时我们会在友谊赛中失利，但我们从不会放弃，因为失败能教会我们宝贵的经验。fail“失败”，是动词；根据“but we never give up”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语we表示复数 ，谓语用动词原形。故填fail。 40．句意：我们中的许多人都希望未来成为一名优秀的运动员，而这个社团正是我们梦想开始成长的地方。athlete“运动员”，是可数名词，a后接可数名词单数形式。故填athlete。 五、完形填空 Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）。 A Careful Look at the Truth Detective Lina Park was known for her calm mind and careful eyes. She worked in a small city where most cases were 41 , but she treated every case seriously. One afternoon, Lina received a(n) 42 from a bakery. A teenager named Kevin was suspected of stealing a wallet. He had been seen near the cash register, and the wallet disappeared minutes later. The shop owner was sure that Kevin had taken it. When Lina arrived, Kevin looked 43 . “I didn’t steal anything,” he said softly. Lina believed in listening before judging, so she asked him to explain. Kevin said he was only there to buy bread for his grandmother. Lina checked the security camera. The video showed Kevin near the counter, but his hands were empty when he left. Still, the wallet was missing. She began questioning other 44 . A woman remembered seeing a man in a blue jacket rushing out of the bakery. “He looked nervous,” she said. Lina followed this clue and asked nearby shops. A fruit seller had seen the same man drop a wallet before picking it up again and running away. 45 , Lina found the man waiting at a bus stop. He admitted that he had taken the wallet but panicked and ran away. Lina returned it to the owner and explained the truth. Kevin was 46 . The shop owner apologized, and Kevin left smiling with his bag of bread. Lina watched him leave, then turned back to the bakery. Sometimes, she believed, finding the truth mattered more than finding a suspect. 41．A．dangerous B．simple C．personal D．secret 42．A．award B．invitation C．report D．reply 43．A．frightened B．hopeful C．confident D．angry 44．A．suspects B．captains C．neighbours D．customers 45．A．However B．Finally C．In conclusion D．As a result 46．A．cleared B．arrested C．controlled D．hidden 【答案】41．B 42．C 43．A 44．D 45．B 46．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了侦探莉娜·帕克通过细致调查，在怀疑一名青少年偷窃钱包的案件中，最终查明真相、还其清白的故事。 41．句意：她在一个小城市工作，那里的大部分案件都很简单，但她认真对待每一个案件。 dangerous危险的；simple简单的；personal个人的；secret秘密的。根据“but she treated every case seriously”的转折可知，前句描述案件通常不难处理，应用“simple”。故选B。 42．句意：一天下午，莉娜接到一家面包店的报告。 award奖项；invitation邀请；report报告；reply回复。根据“from a bakery. A teenager named Kevin was suspected of stealing a wallet.”可知，面包店就失窃事件向警方“报告”。故选C。 43．句意：当莉娜到达时，凯文看起来很害怕。 frightened害怕的；hopeful有希望的；confident自信的；angry生气的。根据“Kevin looked...‘I didn't steal anything,’ he said softly.”可知，被怀疑偷窃的少年会感到“害怕”。故选A。 44．句意：她开始询问其他顾客。 suspects嫌疑犯；captains队长；neighbours邻居；customers顾客。根据“She began questioning other...A woman remembered seeing a man...”可知，调查发生在面包店，询问的是在场的“顾客”。故选D。 45．句意：最终，莉娜在公交车站找到了那个男人。 However然而；Finally最终；In conclusion总之；As a result结果。根据“Lina followed this clue...asked nearby shops...found the man waiting at a bus stop.”可知，描述了调查的最终结果，应用“Finally”。故选B。 46．句意：凯文被澄清了嫌疑。 cleared澄清，使清白；arrested逮捕；controlled控制；hidden隐藏。根据“Kevin was...The shop owner apologized, and Kevin left smiling”可知，真相查明，凯文的嫌疑被“澄清”。故选A。 一、语法选择 （2024·广东·中考真题）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 When Peter was six, he started receiving pocket money from his mother. When he turned seven, he 1 £7 a week. Now at the age of fifteen, he 2 £15 every week. He has the raise in pocket money because he spends money wisely. 3 a shopping mall near Peter’s home. At weekends, he watches 4 movies with his friends, or takes his little brother to the play center there. He buys his grandparents small presents when he visits them. Sometimes, he takes one 5 bus ride to museums and zoos in another town. When he has saved enough money, Peter goes to the bookstores 6 great books and donates them to children in need. His mother is satisfied with 7 he spends his money. She thinks it is a smart choice to give Peter pocket money. “This habit 8 help Peter manage money well,” she says. Peter’s mother even suggests giving pocket money to children as 9 as when they are four. “To learn how to deal with money is 10 useful life skill. Giving children pocket money in their early years teaches them the importance of budgeting.” 1．A．gets B．got C．will get 2．A．gives B．is given C．is giving 3．A．There is B．It is C．They are 4．A．excite B．excitement C．exciting 5．A．hour B．hours C．hour’s 6．A．buy B．to buy C．bought 7．A．how B．which C．whether 8．A．need B．must C．can 9．A．early B．earlier C．earliest 10．A．a B．an C．the 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍彼得的理财习惯和用途。 1．句意：7岁时，他每周挣7英镑。 gets一般现在时；got一般过去时；will get一般将来时。根据“When he turned seven”可知，是一般过去时，故选B。 2．句意：现在他15岁了，每周得到15英镑。 gives一般现在时；is given一般现在时的被动语态；is giving现在进行时。根据“Now at the age of fifteen, he...£15 every week.”可知，主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。 3．句意：彼得家附近有一家购物中心。 There is有，It is它是；They are他们是。根据“...a shopping mall near Peter’s home.”可知，附近有一家购物中心。故选A。 4．句意：在周末，他和他的朋友们一起看激动人心的电影，或者带他的小弟弟去那里的游戏中心。 excite动词；excitement名词；exciting形容词。此处作定语修饰movies，用形容词形式，故选C。 5．句意：有时，他乘一个小时的公共汽车去另一个城镇的博物馆和动物园。 hour名词单数；hours名词复数；hour’s名词单数的所有格。此处作定语修饰“bus ride”，且空前有“one”，所以用名词单数的所有格形式，故选C。 6．句意：当他存了足够的钱，彼得去书店买好书，并把它们捐给有需要的孩子。 buy动词原形；to buy动词不定式；bought动词过去式。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式，故选B。 7．句意：他母亲对他花钱的方式很满意。 how如何；which哪一个；whether是否。根据“His mother is satisfied with...he spends his money.”可知，母亲对他花钱的方式很满意。故选A。 8．句意：这个习惯可以帮助彼得更好地理财。 need需要；must必须；can可以。根据“This habit...help Peter manage money well”可知，这个习惯可以帮助彼得更好地理财。故选C。 9．句意：彼得的母亲甚至建议早在孩子四岁时就给他们零花钱。 early原级；earlier比较级，earliest最高级。as...as中间用原级，故选A。 10．句意：学习如何处理金钱是一项有用的生活技能。 a泛指一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an泛指一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词表特指。此处泛指一项生活技能，“useful”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。 二、情景运用 （2024·福建·中考真题）根据每小题所提供的图画情景和提示词，写出一个与图画情景相符的句子。 11．smart 12．behind 13．yesterday 14．tomorrow 15． while 【答案】11．The baby is smart. 12．The cat is behind the door. 13．She did some washing yesterday. 14．She will go skating tomorrow. 15．The girl was making/cutting a cake while the boy was playing the violin. 【解析】11．根据所给词和图片可知，此句表达“宝贝很聪明”，the baby宝贝；is是；smart聪明的，形容词作表语。故填The baby is smart. 12．根据所给词和图片可知，此句表达“小猫在门后”，the cat小猫；is是；behind在后面，方位介词；the door门。故填The cat is behind the door. 13．根据所给词和图片可知，此句表达“她昨天洗衣服了”，yesterday昨天，句子时态是一般过去时，动词短语do some washing表示“洗衣服”，she作主语。故填The cat is behind the door. 14．根据所给词和图片可知，此句表达“明天她要去滑冰”，tomorrow明天，此句时态是一般将来时，will do结构，she作主语，动词短语go skating表示“滑冰”。故填She will go skating tomorrow. 15．根据所给词和图片可知，此句表达“女孩在做/切蛋糕，而男孩在拉小提琴”，表示同时发生用while引导时间状语，时态是过去进行时，the girl女孩；动词短语make a cake“做蛋糕”；cut a cake“切蛋糕”；the boy男孩；动词短语play the violin表示“拉小提琴”。故填The girl was making/cutting a cake while the boy was playing the violin. 三、单项选择 16．（2023·四川内江·中考真题）Jim’s father bought him a schoolbag on his birthday. A．表语 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．主语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：吉姆的爸爸在他生日那天给他买了一个书包。 考查句子成分。buy sb sth“给某人买某物”，人作间接宾语，物作直接宾语。故选C。 四、完成句子 17．（2024·河北·中考真题）am, a, in, poem club, I . 【答案】I am in a poem club 【详解】根据所给单词及标点可知，此处是陈述句。I作主语；am系动词；in a poem club“在一个诗歌俱乐部”作表语。故填I am in a poem club“我在一个诗歌俱乐部”。 18．（2024·重庆·中考真题）Helen, a, cake, me, bought （连词成句） . 【答案】Helen bought me a cake 【详解】根据标点提示可知是陈述句，分析所给单词，Helen作主语，bought作谓语，me作间接宾语，a cake作直接宾语。故答案为Helen bought me a cake“海伦给我买了一个蛋糕”。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $