Unit 1 Art and artists 寒假词汇精讲 -2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级英语下册

上海八年级下学期Unit 1 Art and artists 词汇精讲 1. creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/n. 创造力 · create /kriːˈeɪt/v. 创造；创作 例句：She can create beautiful handmade cards for her friends. 中文：她能为朋友们制作漂亮的手工贺卡。 · creative /kriːˈeɪtɪv/adj. 有创造力的；创造性的 例句：Our art teacher is very creative and always designs fun projects. 中文：我们的美术老师很有创造力，总是设计有趣的项目。 · creation /kriːˈeɪʃn/n. 创造；创作；作品 例句：This sculpture is the artist’s latest creation. 中文：这座雕塑是这位艺术家的最新作品。 2. drama /ˈdrɑːmə/n. 戏剧 · dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/adj. 戏剧的；戏剧性的；引人注目的 例句：There was a dramatic increase in sales after the new ad campaign. 中文：新广告宣传活动后，销售额出现了显著增长。 · dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/adv. 戏剧性地；显著地 例句：The city has changed dramatically in the past 10 years. 中文：过去十年里，这座城市发生了翻天覆地的变化。 3. acting /ˈæktɪŋ/n. 表演 · act /ækt/v. 行动；表演；扮演 例句：She wants to act in a school play this semester. 中文：这学期她想在校园剧里参演。 · actor /ˈæktə(r)/n. 男演员 例句：The actor won an award for his role in the movie. 中文：这位男演员因在电影中的角色获得了奖项。 · actress /ˈæktrəs/n. 女演员 例句：My favorite actress stars in this TV series. 中文：我最喜欢的女演员主演了这部电视剧。 4. normal /ˈnɔːml/adj. 典型的；正常的 · normally /ˈnɔːməli/adv. 通常；正常地 例句：I normally finish my homework before dinner. 中文：我通常在晚饭前完成作业。 · norm /nɔːm/n. 标准；规范 例句：Following social norms is important in public places. 中文：在公共场所遵守社会规范很重要。 5. prefer /prɪˈfɜː(r)/v. 更喜欢…… · preferred /prɪˈfɜːd/v.（过去式 / 过去分词）更喜欢；宁愿 例句：He preferred reading books to playing video games when he was young. 中文：他小时候比起玩电子游戏，更喜欢看书。 · preferring /prɪˈfɜːrɪŋ/v.（现在分词）更喜欢 例句：She is preferring a quiet holiday this year instead of traveling. 中文：今年她更想要一个安静的假期，而不是出门旅行。 · preference /ˈprefrəns/n. 偏好；偏爱 例句：My preference is to drink tea rather than coffee. 中文：我更偏爱喝茶，而不是咖啡。 6. position /pəˈzɪʃn/n. 位置；地方 · position /pəˈzɪʃn/v. 放置；使处于 例句：We positioned the bookshelf near the window for better light. 中文：我们把书架放在窗边，以便获得更好的光线。 · positional /pəˈzɪʃənl/adj. 位置的；地位的 例句：The positional advantage helped the team win the game. 中文：位置优势帮助这支队伍赢得了比赛。 7. instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/n. 器具；仪器 · instrumental /ˌɪnstrəˈmentl/adj. 有帮助的；乐器的 例句：Her advice was instrumental in solving the problem. 中文：她的建议对解决这个问题起到了关键作用。 8. sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/n. 雕塑；雕塑作品 · sculpt /skʌlpt/v. 雕刻；雕塑 例句：The artist can sculpt a statue from a single piece of wood. 中文：这位艺术家能用一块木头雕刻出一座雕像。 · sculptor /ˈskʌlptə(r)/n. 雕塑家（原单词表已收录） 例句：The sculptor is famous for his modern abstract works. 中文：这位雕塑家以其现代抽象作品而闻名。 · sculptural /ˈskʌlptʃərəl/adj. 雕塑的；雕刻的 例句：The building has a sculptural design that stands out in the city. 中文：这座建筑的雕塑感设计在城市中十分醒目。 9. master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/n. 能手；主人 · master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/v. 掌握；精通 例句：It takes years to master a foreign language. 中文：掌握一门外语需要数年时间。 · masterful /ˈmɑːstəfl/adj. 熟练的；有掌控力的 例句：She gave a masterful performance in the piano recital. 中文：她在钢琴独奏会上的表演娴熟精湛。 10. paint /peɪnt/v. 绘画 · painter /ˈpeɪntə(r)/n. 画家；油漆工 例句：The painter spent 3 months finishing this landscape painting. 中文：这位画家花了 3 个月完成这幅风景画。 · painting /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/n. 绘画；油画 例句：This painting is displayed in the city museum. 中文：这幅画陈列在城市博物馆里。 · painted /ˈpeɪntɪd/adj. 上了漆的；着色的 例句：The painted fence looks bright and new. 中文：刷过漆的篱笆看起来鲜亮如新。 11. harmony /ˈhɑːməni/n. 融洽；和谐 · harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/adj. 和谐的；融洽的 例句：We live in a harmonious community where neighbors help each other. 中文：我们住在邻里互助、融洽和谐的社区里。 · harmonize /ˈhɑːmənaɪz/v. 使和谐；协调 例句：The colors in the room harmonize perfectly with the furniture. 中文：房间里的颜色和家具搭配得十分和谐。 12. scare /skeə(r)/v. 惊吓；使害怕 · scared /skeəd/adj. 害怕的；受惊的（原单词表已收录） 例句：She felt scared when she walked home alone at night. 中文：她晚上独自走回家时感到很害怕。 · scary /ˈskeəri/adj. 吓人的；恐怖的 例句：That horror movie is too scary for young kids. 中文：那部恐怖电影对小孩子来说太吓人了。 · scare /skeə(r)/n. 惊吓；恐慌 例句：The sudden loud noise gave me a scare. 中文：突然的巨响吓了我一跳。 13. vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/adj. 生动的；逼真的 · vividly /ˈvɪvɪdli/adv. 生动地；鲜明地 例句：She described her trip to Japan vividly to her classmates. 中文：她给同学们生动地描述了自己的日本之旅。 · vividness /ˈvɪvɪdnəs/n. 生动性；鲜明度 例句：The vividness of her storytelling made us feel like we were there. 中文：她讲故事的生动感让我们仿佛身临其境。 14. east /iːst/n. 东方；东部 · eastern /ˈiːstən/adj. 东方的；东部的 例句：Eastern countries have rich cultural traditions. 中文：东方国家有着丰富的文化传统。 · eastwards /ˈiːstwədz/adv. 向东 例句：The ship sailed eastwards across the Pacific Ocean. 中文：这艘船向东航行，穿越了太平洋。 15. west /west/n. 西方；西部 · western /ˈwestən/adj. 西方的；西部的 例句：Western festivals like Christmas are popular in many countries. 中文：像圣诞节这样的西方节日在很多国家都很流行。 · westwards /ˈwestwədz/adv. 向西 例句：They traveled westwards to explore the new territory. 中文：他们向西行进，探索新的领地。 16. peaceful /ˈpiːsfl/adj. 安静的；宁静的 · peace /piːs/n. 和平；平静 例句：We all hope for world peace and stability. 中文：我们都希望世界和平稳定。 · peacefully /ˈpiːsfəli/adv. 平静地；和平地 例句：The old man passed away peacefully in his sleep. 中文：这位老人在睡梦中安详离世。 Unit 1 单词变形默写练习 序号 单词/词组 音标 中文释义 1. /,self ɪk'spreʃn/ n.自我表达 2. /kri:eɪ'tɪvəti/ n.创造力 3. /'sɪzəz/ n.(pl) 剪刀 4. /'drɑ:mə/ n.戏剧 5. /'æktɪŋ/ n.表演 6. /'nɔ:ml adj.典型的；正常的 7. 更喜欢…… 而不是…… 8. /'pɒtəri/ n.陶器；制陶技艺 9. 而不是 10. /pə'zɪʃn/ n.位置；地方 11. /'ɪnstrəmənt/ n.器具；仪器 12. /'skʌlptʃə(r)/ n.雕塑；雕塑作品 13. /'skʌlptə(r)/ n.雕塑家；雕刻家 14. /'lændskeɪp/ n.风景；景色 15. /'mɑ:stə(r)/ n.能手；大师；擅长…… 的人 16. /'dɪnəsti/ n.王朝；朝代 17. /peɪnt/ v.绘画 18. /'hɑ:məni/ n.融洽；和谐 19. /pɑ:θ/ n.小道；小径 20. /ə'hed/ adv.在前方 21. /hu:'evə(r)/ pron. 无论谁；不管什么人 22. (偶然) 遇见，碰见，发现 23. /skeə(r)/ v.惊吓；使害怕；使恐惧 24. /skeəd/ adj.害怕的；恐惧的；担心的 25. /'vɪvɪd/ adj.生动的；逼真的 26. /i:st/ n.东；东方；东部 27. /west/ n.西；西方；西部 28. /'pi:sfl/ adj.安静的；宁静的 Unit 1 单词变形默写练习 请根据括号内的词性提示，写出对应的单词变形： 1. creativity (n. 创造力) -- _________(v. 创造) -- __________(adj. 有创造力的) -- _________(n. 作品 / 创作) 2. drama (n. 戏剧) -- _________(adj. 戏剧性的 / 显著的) -- __________(adv. 显著地 / 戏剧性地) 3. acting (n. 表演) -- _________(v. 表演 / 行动) -- __________(n. 男演员) -- _________(n. 女演员) 4. normal (adj. 正常的) -- _________(adv. 通常 / 正常地) -- __________(n. 标准 / 规范) 5. prefer (v. 更喜欢) -- _________(v. 过去式 / 过去分词) -- __________(n. 偏好 / 偏爱) 6. position (n. 位置) -- _________(v. 放置 / 使处于) -- __________(adj. 位置的) 7. instrument (n. 器具 / 仪器) -- _________(adj. 有帮助的 / 乐器的) 8. sculpture (n. 雕塑) -- _________(v. 雕刻 / 雕塑) -- __________(n. 雕塑家) 9. master (n. 能手 / 主人) -- _________(v. 掌握 / 精通) -- __________(adj. 熟练的 / 有掌控力的) 10. paint (v. 绘画) -- _________(n. 画家 / 油漆工) -- __________(n. 绘画 / 油画) 11. harmony (n. 和谐 / 融洽) -- _________(adj. 和谐的 / 融洽的) -- __________(v. 使和谐 / 协调) 12. scare (v. 惊吓 / 使害怕) -- _________(adj. 害怕的 / 受惊的) -- __________(adj. 吓人的 / 恐怖的) 13. vivid (adj. 生动的 / 逼真的) -- _________(adv. 生动地 / 鲜明地) 14. east (n. 东方 / 东部) -- _________(adj. 东方的 / 东部的) 15. west (n. 西方 / 西部) -- _________(adj. 西方的 / 西部的) 16. peaceful (adj. 宁静的 / 安静的) -- _________(n. 和平 / 平静) -- __________(adv. 平静地 / 和平地) Unit 1 单词词形转换专项练习（50 题） 1. His ________ (prefer) for sports is running rather than swimming. 2. The team’s ________ (position) advantage helped them win the match easily. 3. The writer described the scene ________ (vivid) in her novel. 4. My sister is interested in ________ (drama) and wants to be an actress. 5. We need a ________ (create) plan to solve this problem. 6. The old man passed away ________ (peace) in his sleep. 7. The famous ________ (act) won an Oscar for his excellent performance. 8. She is ________ (prefer) to stay at home rather than go out on rainy days. 9. We should live in ________ (harmonious) with nature. 10. The ________ (drama) story moved all the audience to tears. 11. Can you tell me the exact ________ (position) of the library? 12. A piano is a kind of musical ________ (instrumental). 13. The little boy felt ________ (scare) when he saw the big dog. 14. It takes years to ________ (master) a foreign language well. 15. ________ (normal), we have a meeting every Monday morning. 16. This beautiful ________ (paint) was drawn by a 10-year-old boy. 17. The artist can ________ (sculpture) a statue from a single stone. 18. She hopes to ________ (creation) a new style of painting. 19. We enjoyed the ________ (peace) afternoon by the lake. 20. My favorite ________ (act) starred in this new movie. 21. The situation improved ________ (drama) after the team’s effort. 22. His ________ (act) in the emergency saved the child’s life. 23. The ________ (paint) wall looks bright and clean. 24. We all hope for world ________ (peaceful) and happiness. 25. The ________ (vivid) of her storytelling made us feel like we were there. 26. The artist’s ________ (create) impressed everyone at the exhibition. 27. My uncle works as a ________ (paint) and he decorates houses for others. 28. The ship sailed ________ (east) across the ocean. 29. People in this community live a ________ (harmony) life. 30. He is a ________ (master) of Chinese kung fu. 31. The little girl likes to ________ (painting) pictures with watercolors. 32. That horror movie is too ________ (scare) for children under 12. 33. ________ (west) culture is different from Eastern culture in many ways. 34. The colors of the dress ________ (harmony) perfectly with her skin. 35. She decided to ________ (act) in the school play this term. 36. The famous ________ (sculpt) spent 5 years making this work. 37. This temperature is ________ (normal) for this season—we need to take care. 38. The pianist gave a ________ (master) performance at the concert. 39. His ________ (prefer) reading to playing computer games when he was young. 40. The sudden noise gave me a big ________ (scared). 41. We need to ________ (position) the sofa near the window to get more sunlight. 42. ________ (creative) is the key to success in art. 43. This modern ________ (sculpt) stands in the center of the park. 44. Her advice was ________ (instrument) in helping us finish the task. 45. It is a social ________ (normal) to greet others with a smile. 46. The ________ (east) part of China is very developed. 47. They traveled ________ (west) to visit the ancient castle. 48. There was a ________ (drama) change in the weather yesterday. 49. My ________ (prefer) for music is classical rather than pop. 50. The ________ (create) of the new app made our life much easier. Unit 1 单词词形转换短文填空专项练习（5 套） 套题 1：A School Art Festival When our school held the art festival last week, it was full of 1. ________ (create) and joy. The first show was a 2. ________ (drama) performance by Grade 8 students. Their 3. ________ (act) was so wonderful that everyone cheered loudly. Our music teacher, a 4. ________ (master) of piano, played a piece of peaceful music. It made us forget all worries and feel the 5. ________ (harmony) between sound and emotion. A student from Class 3 showed his 6. ________ (sculpt) of a little cat. It looked so real that some kids thought it was alive! There were also many beautiful 7. ________ (paint) on the wall. Most of them described the 8. ________ (east) beauty of our city. 9. ________ (normal), such festivals last for two days. This year, we added a new activity: sharing our 10. ________ (prefer) for different art forms. Everyone had a great time! 套题 2：My Favorite Hobby I have loved drawing since I was a little kid. I think it is a way to show my 1. ________ (create). Last month, I joined a drawing club. Our teacher is a famous 2. ________ (paint) who has held many exhibitions. He always tells us to observe things 3. ________ (vivid) before drawing them. Last week, we drew a picture of a 4. ________ (peace) village in the mountains. The 5. ________ (west) part of the village has a small church, and the 6. ________ (east) part has a river. I tried my best to make the colors 7. ________ (harmony) with each other. When I finished, my teacher said it was a great 8. ________ (create). This experience made me have a stronger 9. ________ (prefer) for drawing. I hope to become a 10. ________ (master) of art in the future. 套题 3：A Trip to the Art Museum Last Sunday, my parents took me to the city art museum. The first thing we saw was a large 1. ________ (sculpt) of a horse. It was made by a well-known 2. ________ (sculpt). Next to it was a 3. ________ (drama) painting about ancient history. The colors were so bright that they caught my eye at once. In the music room, there were many old musical 4. ________ (instrument). The guide told us that these 5. ________ (instrument) things helped many musicians make great music. Then we went to the 6. ________ (east) art room. We saw some paintings of Chinese gardens, which showed the 7. ________ (harmony) relationship between humans and nature. On the way home, my mom asked me about my 8. ________ (prefer) for the day. I said I liked the sculpture best because it showed the 9. ________ (create) of the artist. 10. ________ (normal), I don’t like museums very much, but this trip was really interesting! 套题 4：A Letter to My Pen Pal Dear Lucy, How are you? I’m writing to tell you about our school’s drama club. I joined it last month because I have a 1. ________ (prefer) for acting. Our first play is a 2. ________ (drama) story about a girl who dreams of becoming an 3. ________ (act). Our teacher is a great 4. ________ (master) of drama. He always says that good 5. ________ (act) comes from real feelings. Last week, we practiced a scene where the girl feels 6. ________ (scare) before her first show. I tried to show her feelings 7. ________ (vivid) and the teacher praised me! We will perform the play next month. I hope it will be a great 8. ________ (create). After the show, we plan to make a video of it. 9. ________ (normal), we only do live performances, but this time we want to share it with more people. Do you have any art clubs in your school? I would love to hear about your 10. ________ (prefer) for after-school activities. Yours, Li Hua 套题 5：The Importance of Art Art is an important part of our life. It is a way to express our thoughts and 1. ________ (create). Without art, the world would be much less interesting. First, art can make us feel 2. ________ (peace). When we look at a beautiful painting or listen to soft music, we will forget our stress and feel 3. ________ (harmony). Second, art can develop our imagination. A 4. ________ (drama) story can take us to different worlds, and a wonderful 5. ________ (sculpt) can make us think about life. Third, art can bring people together. When we share our 6. ________ (prefer) for art with others, we can make new friends. For example, in our school art club, students from different grades work together to put on shows. Their 7. ________ (act) is always full of energy and fun. 8. ________ (normal), people think art is only for artists. But in fact, everyone can enjoy art. You don’t need to be a 9. ________ (master) of art to appreciate a song or a painting. All you need is an open heart to feel the 10. ________ (vivid) of art. 综合能力提升 Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar (第二部分 词汇和语法) (共33分) II.Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案完成短文，每题只有一个正确选项)(共10分) Guess who’s hopping back? Let’s welcome our favorite modern city heroes: Judy Hopps, the brave bunny cop, and her clever fox friend Nick Wilde! It’s been almost a ____1____ since their first adventure in 2016, but now—____2____ November 26— they’re back for a new ____3____ in Zootopia 2! In the first story, Judy and Nick only worked as partners for 48 hours. They solved a big case, but their bond (纽带) is still growing. This time, things change ____4____. They meet Gary, a sneaky snake (the first rare reptile in Zootopia!) —no other reptile has ____5____ lived in this city before! After they try to catch bad guys in a secret way but fail, they have to run away — they try to hide in ____6____ parts of town they’ve seldom seen. ____7____ their partnership gets tested, they don’t want ____8____ each other. Instead, they ____9____ trust to uncover a decades-old mystery. Will this adventure ____10____ stronger friendship? Get ready to see how their bond progresses— it’s not just an ordinary cop story, but an absolutely amazing ride! 1. A. ten years B. decades C. decade 2. A. on B. in C. at 3. A. trick B. journey C. business 4. A. drama B. dramatic C. dramatically 5. A. never B. ever C. seldom 6. A. smelly B. smelling C. smell 7. A. Before B. Until C. Although 8. A. punishments B. punish C. to punish 9. A. developed B. developing C. develop 10. A. result in B. lead C. result to III.Complete the passage with the words or phrases from the box (从方框中选择适当的单词或短语完成短文，每个单词或短语只能用一次，有一个单词多余) A. ordinary B. created C. brought D. conversation E. explained F. progress At the World Robot Conference (世界机器人大会) 2025 in late August in Beijing, there were two robots that looked like the Chinese poets Li Bai and Du Fu. Except for their similar appearances, what made them stand out was that they weren’t just ____11____ machines: Technology has ____12____ these ancient poets “back to life”, and they serve a clear educational purpose — helping visitors learn about Tang Dynasty literature through interactions (互动). While Li Bai was holding up a cup of wine, Du Fu was sitting at a desk, writing. They can even start a ____13____ with guests: Li Bai might read his poems aloud, and Du Fu could share stories behind his works. “The two robots look real because they are made of silicone (硅胶) and their skin is very soft,” the designer of the robots ____14____ in an interview. “We hope they can lead people to feel closer to traditional culture.” Another human-like robot named Apollo has also attracted attention recently. It was ____15____ by an American company and can make simple movements, such as walking and waving. It still connects to education by showing students how robot technology works. IV.Complete the sentence with the proper form of the word (用所给单词的适当形式补全句子) Memories of Hong Kong Morning light touches the water of Victoria Harbour (维多利亚港). The city is always busy, always trying to ____16____ (development). In the streets, small shops sell sweet bubble tea and warm pineapple buns. Sometimes, rain will suddenly ____17____ (punishment) the people who walk outside. The weather can be ____18____ (pleasant) for a moment, but it soon clears, and the sun comes out again. From the top of Victoria Peak,the view is very ____19____ (widely). You can see buildings, mountains, and blue sea. It is fun to ____20____ (imagination) how the city looked decades ago. Now, you can find many ____21____ (foreign) walking on the street, especially around Chungking Mansions (重庆大厦). People from all over the world gather here to do trade. If you walk through the older neighborhoods, you can ____22____ (recorder) what you see— a quiet temple, a street full of flowers, or a traditional signboard. The star ferry (天星小轮) moves ____23____ (slow) across the water, connecting the past and the present. Hong Kong is both old and new, fast and calm. It is a special place, full of life and stories. It stays in your memory just like a catchy (朗朗上口) and rhythmic song. V.Complete the conversation (根据所给要求用适当的内容完成对话) A: Progress in technology made a difference in travel and communication. B: But in 18th-century London, there were no buses or railways, ______24______? (反义疑问句) A: No, there weren’t. People only walked or used horse carriages to travel. The streets, however, were far from clean. B: ______25______? (对下一句的划线部分提问) A: The streets were dirty and smelly. They were filled with waste and pollution. B: ______26______? (对时间提问) A: Cities started growing rapidly in the 19th century. It was closely linked to industrialization (工业化) actually. B: Did factories also appear in other cities like Manchester? A: ______27______. (回答) Industrialization spread beyond London, transforming places like Manchester into industrial hubs. B: ______28______? (对下一句的划线部分提问) A: Another major change was the growth of the cities. Industrialization brought crowds to urban areas, which definitely has a negative effect on cities. B: Today’s world is a lot different from the past! Part 3 Reading and Translation (第三部分 阅读) VI. Reading comprehension(阅读理解)(共32分) A. Choose the best answer(根据语篇内容选择最恰当的答案)(6 分) Wheels Have Fun! Contract for Bicycle Rental[1] By signing this contract, I, ______, agree that I will be the only rider using this bicycle and that I have the experience to use it safely. I agree to ride the bicycle no farther than 100 miles from the Wheels Have Fun! office. I will return the bicycle by the time indicated below. For every hour the bicycle is late, I agree to pay an additional ¥10. All bicycles include a pump, lock, and repair kit[2] (patches, spare tube, tire levers). These items must be returned with the bicycle. There is no cost for using items in the kit, but please report their use to the rental agent at the time of return. The rental rate includes insurance, which covers minor damage to the bicycle. This insurance does NOT cover any of the following costs:  damage caused to property or other vehicles;  medical costs related to an accident;  theft or loss of bicycle. You are fully responsible for any and all of the costs named above. Period of Rental: Start Time __________ End Time __________ Name (please print): __________ Signature: __________ Date: __________ Word box [1] rental adj./n. 租借 [2] kit n. 工具包 29. The information is included in the contract after it has been completed EXCEPT __________. A. the name of the renter B. the value of the bicycle C. the time the rental period begins and ends D. the cost of each extra rental hour 30. The underlined word “contract” is closest in meaning to __________. A. an official agreement B. a detailed plan C. a personal schedule D. an attractive advertisement 31. If Li Ming returns the bicycle 3 hours later than the indicated end time, he will pay an extra __________. A. ¥10 B. ¥20 C. ¥30 D. ¥35 32. If a cyclist uses the spare tube from the repair kit during the rental period, he should __________. A. pay for a new spare tube at return B. report it to the rental agent when returning the bicycle C. replace it with a new one before returning D. do nothing, as it is included for free use 33. According to the contract, which situation does the insurance cover? A. The bicycle hits a parked car and causes damage. B. The bicycle is stolen during the rental period. C. The bicycle is missing and not being returned. D. The bicycle has some small marks. 34. The main purpose of this contract is __________. A. to encourage people to exercise more B. to explain how to use a bicycle safely C. to show the responsibilities of renting a bicycle D. to advertise the rental services of “Wheels Have Fun!” B. Choose the best answer(根据语篇内容选择最恰当的答案)(6 分) People all over the world have some strange hobbies, and one of the most unusual in Britain is “Trainspotting (看火车)”. It’s usually men over the age of 40, but not always. You’ll see them standing around at railway stations and other places where trains pass by, and you’ll see them taking photos and exchanging notes with each other. So, what are they doing? Well, they’re collecting information about trains—the numbers on the front of the trains, or the make and model of the “locomotive (火车头)”—the part of the train which pulls all the other parts. In the same way that some people collect toys or stamps, these men collect and exchange all kinds of details about trains and railways. The idea goes back as far as 1942. That year, a young man named Ian Allan was working at Waterloo railway station in London. It was his job to answer letter from people about trains, and quite a lot of the questions he got were very similar. He found himself getting a little annoyed at always sending the same replies to the same questions, so he had a talk with his boss. He asked if he could write a booklet giving the answers to the most often asked questions—an early form of the FAQs (abb. Frequently Asked Questions) you see on websites nowadays. His boss said if he wanted to waste his time on such a project, he should do it in his own time. So he did. The first 2,000 copies were all sold in days, and by the 1950s, a million copies of British Railways Locomotives were selling every year. Ian Allan went on to become a successful publisher, and got an Order of the British Empire (OBE,大英帝国勋章) from the Queen in 1995. He died in 2015, but his trainspotting hobby lives on. 35. People who enjoy trainspotting are mostly ______. A. kids B. teenagers C. middle-aged men D. old men 36. Trainspotting lovers usually ______. A. collect railway toys and stamps B. observe railway scenes at railway stations C. build and collect model trains D. gather and exchange details about trains 37. According to the passage, the underlined word “annoyed” probably means ______ . A. angry B. satisfied C. patient D. worried 38. When Ian Allan was asked similar questions about trains, he ______ . A. felt too tired to answer those questions B. asked his boss to help him reply to those questions C. wrote a booklet to answer those questions D. created a website to answer those questions 39. Which statement is true about people’s response to Ian Allan’s effort? A. His boss gave him a lot of help to publish his booklet. B. His booklet was free to the public when it was first introduced. C. His work published in the 1950s was not popular anymore. D. His project on questions about trains earned him great success. 40. The purpose of writing this article is mainly to ______. A. introduce some strange hobbies in Britain B. tell us what trainspotting is and how it came to exist C. explain what makes trainspotting popular in Britain D. show how Ian Allan developed his trainspotting hobby C. Choose the best answer to complete the passage.(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(7 分) Breakfast in Shanghai: old and new Breakfast in Shanghai has changed over time, but it still keeps its traditional form and flavors. In the past, people ate simple, tasty foods from street vendors. Popular dishes included cifangao, shengjianbao, and youtiao dipped in sweet or ____41____ soy milk. Family and friends often ate together at small outdoor stalls, chatting while enjoying their meals. These breakfasts were cheap, ____42____ and perfect for busy mornings. Today, Shanghai’s breakfast scene allows old and new to blend (融合) ____43____. Many people still love traditional foods. For example, old restaurants sell xiaolongbao and spring onion pancakes. But modern life has brought changes. Young people often buy coffee, sandwiches, or toast from branded cafes. Food ____44____ apps let people order breakfast to their homes or offices in 30 minutes. Some restaurants even create new dishes, like expensive dumplings with special ingredients to attract young customers who like trying new things ____45____ still keeping a traditional form. However, tradition remains. In old neighbourhoods, you can still find grandmas frying yougao or making sweet rice balls. Many families cook congee (粥) at home, just like their grandparents did. For Shanghainese, breakfast is not just food — it’s a ____46____ to remember their history while living in a modern world. Whether eating food from a 100-year-old recipe or trying a new trend, Shanghai’s breakfast culture shows how the city ____47____ both its past and future. 41. A. smelly B. wealthy C. salty D. wide 42. A. slow B. continuous C. self - important D. quick 43. A. immediately B. naturally C. extremely D. dramatically 44. A. delivery B. support C. connection D. complaint 45. A. and B. so C. while D. because 46. A. task B. trick C. result D. way 47. A. belongs B. benefits C. respects D. burns D. Answer the questions(根据短文内容回答问题)(13 分) James’ face lights up when he opens a rare Labubu soft toy—pure joy is the only way to describe it. The YouTuber shows off the brown monster, which collectors call “cute, ugly or a bit strange”. Designed by Artist Kasing Lung and sold by Pop Mart, Labubus are fluffy, uneven-toothed little creatures. They sell out fast online, and long lines form outside stores that stock them. Blind boxes are sold as mystery products (you don’t know which one you’ll get), this mystery makes them more attractive. ________: celebrity support, social media unboxing videos, and their ability to bring back happy old memories. James, a collector, sees Labubu as an investment—he owns 30 toys (costing £25 each) and has spent hundreds on them. Pop Mart doubled its earnings last year and plans to go global. The company is spoken highly of for its unique designs. Kasing Lung got the idea from European elf (妖精) legends and drawings he made as a kid. “Labubu” has no special meaning—it’s just a fictional (虚构的) elf-like character. For James, Labubu is more than a toy. “They’re a bit strange but cute. They let young adults feel like they’re back in their childhood,” he said. These soft toys also have a strong connection to the fashion community. Task1 48. How does James feel when he opens the rare Labubu toy? ____________________________________________________________ 49. Do collectors only think Labubu toys are cute? ____________________________________________________________ 50. Why do blind boxes make Labubu more attractive? ____________________________________________________________ 51. What helps Labubu become popular? ____________________________________________________________ 52. Fill in the blank to make it logically correct. ____________________________________________________________ Task 2 53. Do you like buying blind boxes? Why or why not? Explain it in your own words (at least 2 reasons). ____________________________________________________________ VII. Translation (10%) 54. 这个结果让所有人都很失望。(disappoint) ____________________________________________________________ 55. 尽管时间有限，他们还是完成了任务。(although) _____________________________________________________________________________ 56. 如果明天下雨，运动会将被推迟。(if) _____________________________________________________________________________ 57. 除非你道歉，否则我不会原谅你。(unless) _____________________________________________________________________________ 58. 他一定是病了，因为他今天缺席了。(because) ____________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海八年级下学期Unit 1 Art and artists 词汇精讲 1. creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/n. 创造力 · create /kriːˈeɪt/v. 创造；创作 例句：She can create beautiful handmade cards for her friends. 中文：她能为朋友们制作漂亮的手工贺卡。 · creative /kriːˈeɪtɪv/adj. 有创造力的；创造性的 例句：Our art teacher is very creative and always designs fun projects. 中文：我们的美术老师很有创造力，总是设计有趣的项目。 · creation /kriːˈeɪʃn/n. 创造；创作；作品 例句：This sculpture is the artist’s latest creation. 中文：这座雕塑是这位艺术家的最新作品。 2. drama /ˈdrɑːmə/n. 戏剧 · dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/adj. 戏剧的；戏剧性的；引人注目的 例句：There was a dramatic increase in sales after the new ad campaign. 中文：新广告宣传活动后，销售额出现了显著增长。 · dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/adv. 戏剧性地；显著地 例句：The city has changed dramatically in the past 10 years. 中文：过去十年里，这座城市发生了翻天覆地的变化。 3. acting /ˈæktɪŋ/n. 表演 · act /ækt/v. 行动；表演；扮演 例句：She wants to act in a school play this semester. 中文：这学期她想在校园剧里参演。 · actor /ˈæktə(r)/n. 男演员 例句：The actor won an award for his role in the movie. 中文：这位男演员因在电影中的角色获得了奖项。 · actress /ˈæktrəs/n. 女演员 例句：My favorite actress stars in this TV series. 中文：我最喜欢的女演员主演了这部电视剧。 4. normal /ˈnɔːml/adj. 典型的；正常的 · normally /ˈnɔːməli/adv. 通常；正常地 例句：I normally finish my homework before dinner. 中文：我通常在晚饭前完成作业。 · norm /nɔːm/n. 标准；规范 例句：Following social norms is important in public places. 中文：在公共场所遵守社会规范很重要。 5. prefer /prɪˈfɜː(r)/v. 更喜欢…… · preferred /prɪˈfɜːd/v.（过去式 / 过去分词）更喜欢；宁愿 例句：He preferred reading books to playing video games when he was young. 中文：他小时候比起玩电子游戏，更喜欢看书。 · preferring /prɪˈfɜːrɪŋ/v.（现在分词）更喜欢 例句：She is preferring a quiet holiday this year instead of traveling. 中文：今年她更想要一个安静的假期，而不是出门旅行。 · preference /ˈprefrəns/n. 偏好；偏爱 例句：My preference is to drink tea rather than coffee. 中文：我更偏爱喝茶，而不是咖啡。 6. position /pəˈzɪʃn/n. 位置；地方 · position /pəˈzɪʃn/v. 放置；使处于 例句：We positioned the bookshelf near the window for better light. 中文：我们把书架放在窗边，以便获得更好的光线。 · positional /pəˈzɪʃənl/adj. 位置的；地位的 例句：The positional advantage helped the team win the game. 中文：位置优势帮助这支队伍赢得了比赛。 7. instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/n. 器具；仪器 · instrumental /ˌɪnstrəˈmentl/adj. 有帮助的；乐器的 例句：Her advice was instrumental in solving the problem. 中文：她的建议对解决这个问题起到了关键作用。 8. sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/n. 雕塑；雕塑作品 · sculpt /skʌlpt/v. 雕刻；雕塑 例句：The artist can sculpt a statue from a single piece of wood. 中文：这位艺术家能用一块木头雕刻出一座雕像。 · sculptor /ˈskʌlptə(r)/n. 雕塑家（原单词表已收录） 例句：The sculptor is famous for his modern abstract works. 中文：这位雕塑家以其现代抽象作品而闻名。 · sculptural /ˈskʌlptʃərəl/adj. 雕塑的；雕刻的 例句：The building has a sculptural design that stands out in the city. 中文：这座建筑的雕塑感设计在城市中十分醒目。 9. master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/n. 能手；主人 · master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/v. 掌握；精通 例句：It takes years to master a foreign language. 中文：掌握一门外语需要数年时间。 · masterful /ˈmɑːstəfl/adj. 熟练的；有掌控力的 例句：She gave a masterful performance in the piano recital. 中文：她在钢琴独奏会上的表演娴熟精湛。 10. paint /peɪnt/v. 绘画 · painter /ˈpeɪntə(r)/n. 画家；油漆工 例句：The painter spent 3 months finishing this landscape painting. 中文：这位画家花了 3 个月完成这幅风景画。 · painting /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/n. 绘画；油画 例句：This painting is displayed in the city museum. 中文：这幅画陈列在城市博物馆里。 · painted /ˈpeɪntɪd/adj. 上了漆的；着色的 例句：The painted fence looks bright and new. 中文：刷过漆的篱笆看起来鲜亮如新。 11. harmony /ˈhɑːməni/n. 融洽；和谐 · harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/adj. 和谐的；融洽的 例句：We live in a harmonious community where neighbors help each other. 中文：我们住在邻里互助、融洽和谐的社区里。 · harmonize /ˈhɑːmənaɪz/v. 使和谐；协调 例句：The colors in the room harmonize perfectly with the furniture. 中文：房间里的颜色和家具搭配得十分和谐。 12. scare /skeə(r)/v. 惊吓；使害怕 · scared /skeəd/adj. 害怕的；受惊的（原单词表已收录） 例句：She felt scared when she walked home alone at night. 中文：她晚上独自走回家时感到很害怕。 · scary /ˈskeəri/adj. 吓人的；恐怖的 例句：That horror movie is too scary for young kids. 中文：那部恐怖电影对小孩子来说太吓人了。 · scare /skeə(r)/n. 惊吓；恐慌 例句：The sudden loud noise gave me a scare. 中文：突然的巨响吓了我一跳。 13. vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/adj. 生动的；逼真的 · vividly /ˈvɪvɪdli/adv. 生动地；鲜明地 例句：She described her trip to Japan vividly to her classmates. 中文：她给同学们生动地描述了自己的日本之旅。 · vividness /ˈvɪvɪdnəs/n. 生动性；鲜明度 例句：The vividness of her storytelling made us feel like we were there. 中文：她讲故事的生动感让我们仿佛身临其境。 14. east /iːst/n. 东方；东部 · eastern /ˈiːstən/adj. 东方的；东部的 例句：Eastern countries have rich cultural traditions. 中文：东方国家有着丰富的文化传统。 · eastwards /ˈiːstwədz/adv. 向东 例句：The ship sailed eastwards across the Pacific Ocean. 中文：这艘船向东航行，穿越了太平洋。 15. west /west/n. 西方；西部 · western /ˈwestən/adj. 西方的；西部的 例句：Western festivals like Christmas are popular in many countries. 中文：像圣诞节这样的西方节日在很多国家都很流行。 · westwards /ˈwestwədz/adv. 向西 例句：They traveled westwards to explore the new territory. 中文：他们向西行进，探索新的领地。 16. peaceful /ˈpiːsfl/adj. 安静的；宁静的 · peace /piːs/n. 和平；平静 例句：We all hope for world peace and stability. 中文：我们都希望世界和平稳定。 · peacefully /ˈpiːsfəli/adv. 平静地；和平地 例句：The old man passed away peacefully in his sleep. 中文：这位老人在睡梦中安详离世。 Unit 1 单词默写练习 序号 单词/词组 音标 中文释义 1. self-expression /,self ɪk'spreʃn/ n.自我表达 2. creativity /kri:eɪ'tɪvəti/ n.创造力 3. scissors /'sɪzəz/ n.(pl) 剪刀 4. drama /'drɑ:mə/ n.戏剧 5. acting /'æktɪŋ/ n.表演 6. normal / /'nɔ:ml adj.典型的；正常的 7. prefer...to 更喜欢…… 而不是…… 8. pottery /'pɒtəri/ n.陶器；制陶技艺 9. rather than 而不是 10. position /pə'zɪʃn/ n.位置；地方 11. instrument /'ɪnstrəmənt/ n.器具；仪器 12. sculpture /'skʌlptʃə(r)/ n.雕塑；雕塑作品 13. sculptor /'skʌlptə(r)/ n.雕塑家；雕刻家 14. landscape /'lændskeɪp/ n.风景；景色 15. master /'mɑ:stə(r)/ n.能手；大师；擅长…… 的人 16. dynasty /'dɪnəsti/ n.王朝；朝代 17. paint /peɪnt/ v.绘画 18. harmony /'hɑ:məni/ n.融洽；和谐 19. path /pɑ:θ/ n.小道；小径 20. ahead /ə'hed/ adv.在前方 21. whoever /hu:'evə(r)/ pron. 无论谁；不管什么人 22. come across (偶然) 遇见，碰见，发现 23. scare /skeə(r)/ v.惊吓；使害怕；使恐惧 24. scared /skeəd/ adj.害怕的；恐惧的；担心的 25. vivid /'vɪvɪd/ adj.生动的；逼真的 26. east /i:st/ n.东；东方；东部 27. west /west/ n.西；西方；西部 28. peaceful /'pi:sfl/ adj.安静的；宁静的 Unit 1 单词变形默写练习 请根据括号内的词性提示，写出对应的单词变形： 1. creativity (n. 创造力) -- _________(v. 创造) -- __________(adj. 有创造力的) -- _________(n. 作品 / 创作) 2. drama (n. 戏剧) -- _________(adj. 戏剧性的 / 显著的) -- __________(adv. 显著地 / 戏剧性地) 3. acting (n. 表演) -- _________(v. 表演 / 行动) -- __________(n. 男演员) -- _________(n. 女演员) 4. normal (adj. 正常的) -- _________(adv. 通常 / 正常地) -- __________(n. 标准 / 规范) 5. prefer (v. 更喜欢) -- _________(v. 过去式 / 过去分词) -- __________(n. 偏好 / 偏爱) 6. position (n. 位置) -- _________(v. 放置 / 使处于) -- __________(adj. 位置的) 7. instrument (n. 器具 / 仪器) -- _________(adj. 有帮助的 / 乐器的) 8. sculpture (n. 雕塑) -- _________(v. 雕刻 / 雕塑) -- __________(n. 雕塑家) 9. master (n. 能手 / 主人) -- _________(v. 掌握 / 精通) -- __________(adj. 熟练的 / 有掌控力的) 10. paint (v. 绘画) -- _________(n. 画家 / 油漆工) -- __________(n. 绘画 / 油画) 11. harmony (n. 和谐 / 融洽) -- _________(adj. 和谐的 / 融洽的) -- __________(v. 使和谐 / 协调) 12. scare (v. 惊吓 / 使害怕) -- _________(adj. 害怕的 / 受惊的) -- __________(adj. 吓人的 / 恐怖的) 13. vivid (adj. 生动的 / 逼真的) -- _________(adv. 生动地 / 鲜明地) 14. east (n. 东方 / 东部) -- _________(adj. 东方的 / 东部的) 15. west (n. 西方 / 西部) -- _________(adj. 西方的 / 西部的) 16. peaceful (adj. 宁静的 / 安静的) -- _________(n. 和平 / 平静) -- __________(adv. 平静地 / 和平地) （完成默写后对照批改） 1. creativity -- create (v.) -- creative (adj.) -- creation (n.) 2. drama -- dramatic (adj.) -- dramatically (adv.) 3. acting -- act (v.) -- actor (n.) -- actress (n.) 4. normal -- normally (adv.) -- norm (n.) 5. prefer -- preferred (v.) -- preference (n.) 6. position -- position (v.) -- positional (adj.) 7. instrument -- instrumental (adj.) 8. sculpture -- sculpt (v.) -- sculptor (n.) 9. master -- master (v.) -- masterful (adj.) 10. paint -- painter (n.) -- painting (n.) 11. harmony -- harmonious (adj.) -- harmonize (v.) 12. scare -- scared (adj.) -- scary (adj.) 13. vivid -- vividly (adv.) 14. east -- eastern (adj.) 15. west -- western (adj.) 16. peaceful -- peace (n.) -- peacefully (adv.) Unit 1 单词词形转换专项练习（50 题） 1. His ________ (prefer) for sports is running rather than swimming. 2. The team’s ________ (position) advantage helped them win the match easily. 3. The writer described the scene ________ (vivid) in her novel. 4. My sister is interested in ________ (drama) and wants to be an actress. 5. We need a ________ (create) plan to solve this problem. 6. The old man passed away ________ (peace) in his sleep. 7. The famous ________ (act) won an Oscar for his excellent performance. 8. She is ________ (prefer) to stay at home rather than go out on rainy days. 9. We should live in ________ (harmonious) with nature. 10. The ________ (drama) story moved all the audience to tears. 11. Can you tell me the exact ________ (position) of the library? 12. A piano is a kind of musical ________ (instrumental). 13. The little boy felt ________ (scare) when he saw the big dog. 14. It takes years to ________ (master) a foreign language well. 15. ________ (normal), we have a meeting every Monday morning. 16. This beautiful ________ (paint) was drawn by a 10-year-old boy. 17. The artist can ________ (sculpture) a statue from a single stone. 18. She hopes to ________ (creation) a new style of painting. 19. We enjoyed the ________ (peace) afternoon by the lake. 20. My favorite ________ (act) starred in this new movie. 21. The situation improved ________ (drama) after the team’s effort. 22. His ________ (act) in the emergency saved the child’s life. 23. The ________ (paint) wall looks bright and clean. 24. We all hope for world ________ (peaceful) and happiness. 25. The ________ (vivid) of her storytelling made us feel like we were there. 26. The artist’s ________ (create) impressed everyone at the exhibition. 27. My uncle works as a ________ (paint) and he decorates houses for others. 28. The ship sailed ________ (east) across the ocean. 29. People in this community live a ________ (harmony) life. 30. He is a ________ (master) of Chinese kung fu. 31. The little girl likes to ________ (painting) pictures with watercolors. 32. That horror movie is too ________ (scare) for children under 12. 33. ________ (west) culture is different from Eastern culture in many ways. 34. The colors of the dress ________ (harmony) perfectly with her skin. 35. She decided to ________ (act) in the school play this term. 36. The famous ________ (sculpt) spent 5 years making this work. 37. This temperature is ________ (normal) for this season—we need to take care. 38. The pianist gave a ________ (master) performance at the concert. 39. His ________ (prefer) reading to playing computer games when he was young. 40. The sudden noise gave me a big ________ (scared). 41. We need to ________ (position) the sofa near the window to get more sunlight. 42. ________ (creative) is the key to success in art. 43. This modern ________ (sculpt) stands in the center of the park. 44. Her advice was ________ (instrument) in helping us finish the task. 45. It is a social ________ (normal) to greet others with a smile. 46. The ________ (east) part of China is very developed. 47. They traveled ________ (west) to visit the ancient castle. 48. There was a ________ (drama) change in the weather yesterday. 49. My ________ (prefer) for music is classical rather than pop. 50. The ________ (create) of the new app made our life much easier. 参考答案 1.preference 2. positional 3. vividly 4. drama 5. creative 6. peacefully 7. actor 8. preferring 9. harmony 10. dramatic 11. position 12. instrument 13. scared 14. master 15. Normally 16. painting 17. sculpt 18. create 19. peaceful 20. actress 21. dramatically 22. action 23. painted 24. peace 25. vividness 26. creation 27. painter 28. eastwards 29. harmonious 30. master 31. paint 32. scary 33. Western 34. harmonize 35. act 36. sculptor 37. normal 38. masterful 39. preferred 40. scare 41. position 42. Creativity 43. sculpture 44. instrumental 45. norm 46. eastern 47. westwards 48. dramatic 49. Preference 50. creation 解析部分 1. 空格前为形容词性物主代词 His，需填名词；prefer 的名词形式为 preference。 2. 空格后为名词 advantage，需填形容词作定语；position 的形容词形式为 positional（adj. 位置的）。 3. 空格修饰动词 described，需填副词；vivid（adj. 生动的）变副词加 -ly，即 vividly。 4. 空格前为介词 in，需填名词；drama（n. 戏剧）为原形，直接填入。 5. 空格后为名词 plan，需填形容词作定语；create 的形容词形式为 creative（adj. 有创造力的）。 6. 空格修饰动词短语 passed away，需填副词；peace 的副词形式为 peacefully（adv. 安详地）。 7. 空格前为形容词 famous，需填表示 “人” 的名词；指男演员用 actor。 8. 空格前为 be 动词 is，需填现在分词构成现在进行时，填 preferring。 9. 空格前为介词 in，需填名词；harmonious（adj. 和谐的）的名词形式为 harmony（n. 和谐）。 10. 空格后为名词 story，需填形容词作定语；drama 的形容词形式为 dramatic。 11. 空格前为形容词 exact，需填名词；直接填 position（n. 位置）。 12. 空格前为形容词 musical，需填名词；instrumental（adj.）的名词形式为 instrument（n. 乐器）。 13. 空格前为系动词 felt，需填形容词作表语；scare 的形容词形式 scared（adj. 感到害怕的），主语是人。 14. 空格前为不定式符号 to，需填动词原形；master（n. 能手）的动词形式为 master（v. 掌握）。 15. 空格位于句首修饰整个句子，需填副词；normal（adj.）变副词加 -ly，即 Normally，首字母大写。 16. 空格前为形容词 beautiful，需填名词；paint 的名词形式为 painting（n. 油画）。 17. 空格前为情态动词 can，需填动词原形；sculpture（n. 雕塑）的动词形式为 sculpt（v. 雕刻）。 18. 空格前为不定式符号 to，需填动词原形；creation（n.）的动词形式为 create。 19. 空格后为名词 afternoon，需填形容词作定语；直接填 peaceful。 20. 指 “女演员” 时，需用 actress，区别于 actor（男演员）。 21. 空格修饰动词 improved，需填副词；dramatic（adj.）变副词加 -ly，即 dramatically。 22. 空格前为形容词性物主代词，需填名词；act（v. 行动）的名词形式为 action（n. 行动）。 23. 空格后为名词 wall，需填形容词作定语；paint 的形容词形式为 painted（adj. 刷过漆的）。 24. 空格前为名词 world，需填名词；peaceful（adj. 宁静的）的名词形式为 peace（n. 和平）。 25. 空格前为定冠词 The，需填名词；vivid 的名词形式为 vividness（n. 生动性）。 26. 空格前为名词所有格，需填名词；create（v. 创造）的名词形式为 creation（n. 作品）。 27. 空格前为不定冠词 a，需填表示 “人” 的名词；paint（v. 绘画）的名词形式为 painter（n. 油漆工 / 画家）。 28. 空格修饰动词 sailed，需填副词；east 的副词形式为 eastwards（adv. 向东）。 29. 空格后为名词 life，需填形容词作定语；harmony 的形容词形式为 harmonious。 30. 空格前为不定冠词 a，需填名词；直接填 master（n. 能手、大师）。 31. 空格前为不定式符号 to，需填动词原形；painting（n.）的动词形式为 paint。 32. 空格前为副词 too，需填形容词；scare 的形容词形式 scary（adj. 令人害怕的），主语是物。 33. 空格后为名词 culture，需填形容词；west 的形容词形式为 Western（adj. 西方的），首字母大写。 34. 空格作句子谓语，需填动词；harmony（n.）的动词形式为 harmonize（v. 协调）。 35. 空格前为不定式符号 to，需填动词原形；acting（n. 表演）的动词形式为 act。 36. 空格前为形容词 famous，需填表示 “人” 的名词；sculpt（v.）的名词形式为 sculptor（n. 雕塑家）。 37. 空格前为 be 动词 is，需填形容词作表语；直接填 normal（adj. 正常的）。 38. 空格后为名词 performance，需填形容词作定语；master 的形容词形式为 masterful（adj. 精湛的）。 39. 从句用一般过去时，主句时态一致；prefer 的过去式为 preferred（双写 r 加 - ed）。 40. 空格前为形容词 big，需填名词；scared（adj.）的名词形式为 scare（n. 惊吓）。 41. 空格前为不定式符号 to，需填动词原形；position（n. 位置）的动词形式为 position（v. 放置）。 42. 空格作句子主语，需填名词；creative（adj.）的名词形式为 Creativity（n. 创造力），注意首字母大写。 43. 空格前为形容词 modern，需填名词；直接填 sculpture（n. 雕塑作品）。 44. 空格前为 be 动词 was，需填形容词作表语；instrument（n. 仪器）的形容词形式为 instrumental（adj. 有帮助的）。 45. 空格前为形容词 social，需填名词；normal（adj.）的名词形式为 norm（n. 规范）。 46. 空格后为名词 part，需填形容词作定语；east（n. 东方）的形容词形式为 eastern（adj. 东方的）。 47. 空格修饰动词 traveled，需填副词；west 的副词形式为 westwards（adv. 向西）。 48. 空格后为名词 change，需填形容词；drama（n. 戏剧）的形容词形式为 dramatic（adj. 显著的）。 49. 空格前为形容词性物主代词 My，需填名词；prefer（v.）的名词形式为 preference（n. 偏好）。 50. 空格前为定冠词 The，需填名词；create 的名词形式为 creation（n. 发明）。 Unit 1 单词词形转换短文填空专项练习（5 套） 套题 1：A School Art Festival When our school held the art festival last week, it was full of 1. ________ (create) and joy. The first show was a 2. ________ (drama) performance by Grade 8 students. Their 3. ________ (act) was so wonderful that everyone cheered loudly. Our music teacher, a 4. ________ (master) of piano, played a piece of peaceful music. It made us forget all worries and feel the 5. ________ (harmony) between sound and emotion. A student from Class 3 showed his 6. ________ (sculpt) of a little cat. It looked so real that some kids thought it was alive! There were also many beautiful 7. ________ (paint) on the wall. Most of them described the 8. ________ (east) beauty of our city. 9. ________ (normal), such festivals last for two days. This year, we added a new activity: sharing our 10. ________ (prefer) for different art forms. Everyone had a great time! 套题 1 参考答案 1. creativity 2. dramatic 3. acting 4. master 5. harmony 6. sculpture 7. paintings 8. eastern 9. Normally 10. preferences 套题 1 解析 1. 空格前为介词 of，需填名词；create（v. 创造）的名词形式为 creativity（n. 创造力）。 2. 空格后为名词 performance，需填形容词作定语；drama（n. 戏剧）的形容词形式为 dramatic（adj. 戏剧性的）。 3. 空格前为形容词性物主代词 their，需填名词；act（v. 表演）的名词形式为 acting（n. 表演）。 4. 空格前为不定冠词 a，需填名词；master（n. 能手）直接填入，意为 “钢琴大师”。 5. 空格前为定冠词 the，需填名词；harmony（n. 和谐）为原形，无需变形。 6. 空格前为形容词性物主代词 his，需填名词；sculpt（v. 雕刻）的名词形式为 sculpture（n. 雕塑作品）。 7. 空格前为 many，需填可数名词复数；painting（n. 绘画）的复数形式为 paintings。 8. 空格后为名词 beauty，需填形容词作定语；east（n. 东方）的形容词形式为 eastern（adj. 东方的）。 9. 空格位于句首修饰整个句子，需填副词；normal（adj. 正常的）的副词形式为 Normally，首字母大写。 10. 空格前为形容词性物主代词 our，需填名词；prefer（v. 偏爱）的名词形式为 preference，结合语境填复数 preferences（n. 偏好）。 套题 2：My Favorite Hobby I have loved drawing since I was a little kid. I think it is a way to show my 1. ________ (create). Last month, I joined a drawing club. Our teacher is a famous 2. ________ (paint) who has held many exhibitions. He always tells us to observe things 3. ________ (vivid) before drawing them. Last week, we drew a picture of a 4. ________ (peace) village in the mountains. The 5. ________ (west) part of the village has a small church, and the 6. ________ (east) part has a river. I tried my best to make the colors 7. ________ (harmony) with each other. When I finished, my teacher said it was a great 8. ________ (create). This experience made me have a stronger 9. ________ (prefer) for drawing. I hope to become a 10. ________ (master) of art in the future. 套题 2 参考答案 1. creativity 2. painter 3. vividly 4. peaceful 5. western 6. eastern 7. harmonize 8. creation 9. preference 10. master 套题 2 解析 1. 空格前为形容词性物主代词 my，需填名词；create 的名词形式为 creativity（n. 创造力）。 2. 空格前为形容词 famous，需填表示 “人” 的名词；paint（v. 绘画）的名词形式为 painter（n. 画家）。 3. 空格修饰动词 observe，需填副词；vivid（adj. 生动的）的副词形式为 vividly（adv. 生动地）。 4. 空格后为名词 village，需填形容词作定语；peace（n. 和平）的形容词形式为 peaceful（adj. 宁静的）。 5. 空格后为名词 part，需填形容词作定语；west（n. 西方）的形容词形式为 western（adj. 西方的）。 6. 空格后为名词 part，需填形容词作定语；east 的形容词形式为 eastern（adj. 东方的）。 7. 此处为 “make sb./sth. do” 结构，需填动词原形；harmony（n. 和谐）的动词形式为 harmonize（v. 协调）。 8. 空格前为形容词 great，需填名词；create 的名词形式为 creation（n. 作品）。 9. 空格前为形容词 stronger，需填名词；prefer 的名词形式为 preference（n. 偏爱）。 10. 空格前为不定冠词 a，需填名词；master（n. 大师）直接填入。 套题 3：A Trip to the Art Museum Last Sunday, my parents took me to the city art museum. The first thing we saw was a large 1. ________ (sculpt) of a horse. It was made by a well-known 2. ________ (sculpt). Next to it was a 3. ________ (drama) painting about ancient history. The colors were so bright that they caught my eye at once. In the music room, there were many old musical 4. ________ (instrument). The guide told us that these 5. ________ (instrument) things helped many musicians make great music. Then we went to the 6. ________ (east) art room. We saw some paintings of Chinese gardens, which showed the 7. ________ (harmony) relationship between humans and nature. On the way home, my mom asked me about my 8. ________ (prefer) for the day. I said I liked the sculpture best because it showed the 9. ________ (create) of the artist. 10. ________ (normal), I don’t like museums very much, but this trip was really interesting! 套题 3 参考答案 1. sculpture 2. sculptor 3. dramatic 4. instruments 5. instrumental 6. eastern 7. harmonious 8. preference 9. creativity 10. Normally 套题 3 解析 1. 空格前为形容词 large，需填名词；sculpt 的名词形式为 sculpture（n. 雕塑）。 2. 空格前为形容词 well-known，需填表示 “人” 的名词；sculpt 的名词形式为 sculptor（n. 雕塑家）。 3. 空格后为名词 painting，需填形容词作定语；drama 的形容词形式为 dramatic（adj. 戏剧性的）。 4. 空格前为形容词 many，需填可数名词复数；instrument（n. 乐器）的复数形式为 instruments。 5. 空格后为名词 things，需填形容词作定语；instrument 的形容词形式为 instrumental（adj. 有帮助的）。 6. 空格后为名词 art room，需填形容词作定语；east 的形容词形式为 eastern（adj. 东方的）。 7. 空格后为名词 relationship，需填形容词作定语；harmony 的形容词形式为 harmonious（adj. 和谐的）。 8. 空格前为形容词性物主代词 my，需填名词；prefer 的名词形式为 preference（n. 偏爱）。 9. 空格前为定冠词 the，需填名词；create 的名词形式为 creativity（n. 创造力）。 10. 空格位于句首修饰整个句子，需填副词；normal 的副词形式为 Normally，首字母大写。 套题 4：A Letter to My Pen Pal Dear Lucy, How are you? I’m writing to tell you about our school’s drama club. I joined it last month because I have a 1. ________ (prefer) for acting. Our first play is a 2. ________ (drama) story about a girl who dreams of becoming an 3. ________ (act). Our teacher is a great 4. ________ (master) of drama. He always says that good 5. ________ (act) comes from real feelings. Last week, we practiced a scene where the girl feels 6. ________ (scare) before her first show. I tried to show her feelings 7. ________ (vivid) and the teacher praised me! We will perform the play next month. I hope it will be a great 8. ________ (create). After the show, we plan to make a video of it. 9. ________ (normal), we only do live performances, but this time we want to share it with more people. Do you have any art clubs in your school? I would love to hear about your 10. ________ (prefer) for after-school activities. Yours, Li Hua 套题 4 参考答案 1. preference 2. dramatic 3. actress 4. master 5. acting 6. scared 7. vividly 8. creation 9. Normally 10. preferences 套题 4 解析 1. 空格前为不定冠词 a，需填名词；prefer 的名词形式为 preference（n. 偏爱）。 2. 空格后为名词 story，需填形容词作定语；drama 的形容词形式为 dramatic（adj. 戏剧性的）。 3. 空格前为不定冠词 an，需填表示 “女性” 的名词；act 的名词形式为 actress（n. 女演员）。 4. 空格前为形容词 great，需填名词；master（n. 能手）直接填入，意为 “戏剧大师”。 5. 空格前为形容词 good，需填名词；act 的名词形式为 acting（n. 表演）。 6. 空格前为系动词 feels，需填形容词作表语；主语是人，填 scared（adj. 感到害怕的）。 7. 空格修饰动词 show，需填副词；vivid 的副词形式为 vividly（adv. 生动地）。 8. 空格前为形容词 great，需填名词；create 的名词形式为 creation（n. 作品）。 9. 空格位于句首修饰整个句子，需填副词；normal 的副词形式为 Normally，首字母大写。 10. 空格前为形容词性物主代词 your，结合语境填复数 preferences（n. 偏好）。 套题 5：The Importance of Art Art is an important part of our life. It is a way to express our thoughts and 1. ________ (create). Without art, the world would be much less interesting. First, art can make us feel 2. ________ (peace). When we look at a beautiful painting or listen to soft music, we will forget our stress and feel 3. ________ (harmony). Second, art can develop our imagination. A 4. ________ (drama) story can take us to different worlds, and a wonderful 5. ________ (sculpt) can make us think about life. Third, art can bring people together. When we share our 6. ________ (prefer) for art with others, we can make new friends. For example, in our school art club, students from different grades work together to put on shows. Their 7. ________ (act) is always full of energy and fun. 8. ________ (normal), people think art is only for artists. But in fact, everyone can enjoy art. You don’t need to be a 9. ________ (master) of art to appreciate a song or a painting. All you need is an open heart to feel the 10. ________ (vivid) of art. 套题 5 参考答案 1. creativity 2. peaceful 3. harmonious 4. dramatic 5. sculpture 6. preferences 7. acting 8. Normally 9. master 10. vividness 套题 5 解析 1. 空格前为名词 thoughts，需填并列名词；create 的名词形式为 creativity（n. 创造力）。 2. 空格前为系动词 feel，需填形容词作表语；peace 的形容词形式为 peaceful（adj. 宁静的）。 3. 空格前为系动词 feel，需填形容词作表语；harmony 的形容词形式为 harmonious（adj. 和谐的）。 4. 空格后为名词 story，需填形容词作定语；drama 的形容词形式为 dramatic（adj. 戏剧性的）。 5. 空格前为形容词 wonderful，需填名词；sculpt 的名词形式为 sculpture（n. 雕塑）。 6. 空格前为形容词性物主代词 our，结合语境填复数 preferences（n. 偏好）。 7. 空格前为形容词性物主代词 their，需填名词；act 的名词形式为 acting（n. 表演）。 8. 空格位于句首修饰整个句子，需填副词；normal 的副词形式为 Normally，首字母大写。 9. 空格前为不定冠词 a，需填名词；master（n. 大师）直接填入。 10. 空格前为定冠词 the，需填名词；vivid 的名词形式为 vividness（n. 生动性）。 综合能力提升 Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar (第二部分 词汇和语法) (共33分) II.Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案完成短文，每题只有一个正确选项)(共10分) Guess who’s hopping back? Let’s welcome our favorite modern city heroes: Judy Hopps, the brave bunny cop, and her clever fox friend Nick Wilde! It’s been almost a ____1____ since their first adventure in 2016, but now—____2____ November 26— they’re back for a new ____3____ in Zootopia 2! In the first story, Judy and Nick only worked as partners for 48 hours. They solved a big case, but their bond (纽带) is still growing. This time, things change ____4____. They meet Gary, a sneaky snake (the first rare reptile in Zootopia!) —no other reptile has ____5____ lived in this city before! After they try to catch bad guys in a secret way but fail, they have to run away — they try to hide in ____6____ parts of town they’ve seldom seen. ____7____ their partnership gets tested, they don’t want ____8____ each other. Instead, they ____9____ trust to uncover a decades-old mystery. Will this adventure ____10____ stronger friendship? Get ready to see how their bond progresses— it’s not just an ordinary cop story, but an absolutely amazing ride! 1. A. ten years B. decades C. decade 2. A. on B. in C. at 3. A. trick B. journey C. business 4. A. drama B. dramatic C. dramatically 5. A. never B. ever C. seldom 6. A. smelly B. smelling C. smell 7. A. Before B. Until C. Although 8. A. punishments B. punish C. to punish 9. A. developed B. developing C. develop 10. A. result in B. lead C. result to 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《疯狂动物城2》的回归、时隔近十年的新冒险，以及朱迪和尼克在续集中面临的新挑战与友情考验。 【1题详解】 句意：自2016年他们的首次冒险以来，已经过去了将近十年。 ten years十年；decades数十年；decade十年。根据“It’s been almost a … since their first adventure in 2016”可知，从2016到现在已将近十年了，“a decade”是固定表达，意为“十年”，符合语法和语境。故选C。 【2题详解】 句意：但现在——在11月26日——他们回归开启《疯狂动物城 2》的新旅程！ on在（后接具体日期）；in在（后接月份/年份等）；at在（后接具体时间点）。根据“November 26”可知，具体日期前用介词on。故选A。 【3题详解】 句意：但现在——在11月26日——他们回归开启《疯狂动物城 2》的新旅程！ trick诡计；journey旅程；business生意。根据原文“they’re back for a new … in Zootopia 2!”可知，此处指新的冒险旅程，journey符合语境。故选B。 【4题详解】 句意：这一次，情况显著地改变了。 drama戏剧（名词）；dramatic显著的（形容词）；dramatically显著地（副词）。根据“things change …”可知，需要副词修饰动词change，dramatically符合语法和语境。故选C。 【5题详解】 句意：此前从未有爬行动物在这座城市生活过！ never从未；ever曾经；seldom很少。根据原文“no other reptile has … lived in this city before!”可知，本句为现在完成时，ever用于现在完成时的疑问句/否定句中，表“曾经”，符合语法。故选B。 【6题详解】 句意：他们试图躲在城里他们很少见到的难闻的地方。 smelly难闻的（形容词）；smelling闻（动名词）；smell气味/闻（名词 / 动词）。根据原文“they try to hide in … parts of town”可知，需要形容词修饰名词parts，smelly符合语法和语境。故选A。 【7题详解】 句意：尽管他们的搭档关系受到考验，但他们不想惩罚彼此。 Before在……之前；Until直到；Although尽管。根据原文“… their partnership gets tested, they don’t want … each other”可知，此处表示让步关系，Although符合逻辑。故选C。 【8题详解】 句意：尽管他们的搭档关系受到考验，但他们不想惩罚彼此。 punishments惩罚（名词复数）；punish惩罚（动词原形）；to punish惩罚（动词不定式）。“want to do sth.”是固定搭配，需用动词不定式“to punish”。 故选C。 【9题详解】 句意：相反，他们建立信任以揭开一个数十年的谜团。 developed建立（过去式）；developing建立（现在分词）；develop建立（动词原形）。根据“gets tested, they don’t want…”的时态可知，句子也用一般现在时，主语they后接动词原形develop。故选C。 【10题详解】 句意：这次冒险会带来更牢固的友谊吗？ result in导致、带来；lead带领（需加to才表 “导致”）；result to错误搭配。根据原文“Will this adventure … stronger friendship?”可知，“result in”表示“导致、带来”，符合语境。故选A。 III.Complete the passage with the words or phrases from the box (从方框中选择适当的单词或短语完成短文，每个单词或短语只能用一次，有一个单词多余) A. ordinary B. created C. brought D. conversation E. explained F. progress At the World Robot Conference (世界机器人大会) 2025 in late August in Beijing, there were two robots that looked like the Chinese poets Li Bai and Du Fu. Except for their similar appearances, what made them stand out was that they weren’t just ____11____ machines: Technology has ____12____ these ancient poets “back to life”, and they serve a clear educational purpose — helping visitors learn about Tang Dynasty literature through interactions (互动). While Li Bai was holding up a cup of wine, Du Fu was sitting at a desk, writing. They can even start a ____13____ with guests: Li Bai might read his poems aloud, and Du Fu could share stories behind his works. “The two robots look real because they are made of silicone (硅胶) and their skin is very soft,” the designer of the robots ____14____ in an interview. “We hope they can lead people to feel closer to traditional culture.” Another human-like robot named Apollo has also attracted attention recently. It was ____15____ by an American company and can make simple movements, such as walking and waving. It still connects to education by showing students how robot technology works. 【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D 14. E 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2025年世界机器人大会上亮相的李白、杜甫机器人，以及另一款人形机器人Apollo，展现了科技与传统文化的结合。 【11题详解】 句意：除了相似的外形，让它们脱颖而出的是它们不只是普通的机器。根据“what made them stand out”及备选词汇可知，此处需要一个形容词修饰machines，表达“不只是普通机器”的含义。ordinary意为“普通的”，符合语境。故选A。 【12题详解】 句意：科技把这些古代诗人带回了现实，并且它们有着明确的教育目的——帮助游客通过互动了解唐代文学。根据“these ancient poets ‘back to life’”及备选词汇可知，科技把这些古代诗人带回了现实，“bring back to life是固定搭配，意为 “使……复活/重现”。句子用现在完成时，bring的过去分词是brought。故选C。 【13题详解】 句意：它们甚至可以和客人展开一段对话：李白可能会朗诵他的诗，杜甫则会分享作品背后的故事。 根据“Li Bai might read his poems aloud, and Du Fu could share stories behind his works”及备选词汇可知，机器人能与客人进行交流，空前为不定冠词a，空处应为可数名词单数，conversation符合语境，“start a conversation”是固定搭配，意为“开始一段对话”。故选D。 【14题详解】 句意：“这两个机器人看起来很逼真，因为它们是由硅胶制成的，皮肤也很柔软，” 机器人的设计师在采访中解释道。根据引号内的内容及备选词汇可知，这是设计师在采访中的解释，explained是explain的过去式，符合语境。故选E。 【15题详解】 句意：它是由一家美国公司创造的，可以做出走路、挥手等简单动作。根据“by an American company”及备选词汇可知，此处用被动语态，“be created by”意为“由……创造”，符合语境。故选B。 IV.Complete the sentence with the proper form of the word (用所给单词的适当形式补全句子) Memories of Hong Kong Morning light touches the water of Victoria Harbour (维多利亚港). The city is always busy, always trying to ____16____ (development). In the streets, small shops sell sweet bubble tea and warm pineapple buns. Sometimes, rain will suddenly ____17____ (punishment) the people who walk outside. The weather can be ____18____ (pleasant) for a moment, but it soon clears, and the sun comes out again. From the top of Victoria Peak,the view is very ____19____ (widely). You can see buildings, mountains, and blue sea. It is fun to ____20____ (imagination) how the city looked decades ago. Now, you can find many ____21____ (foreign) walking on the street, especially around Chungking Mansions (重庆大厦). People from all over the world gather here to do trade. If you walk through the older neighborhoods, you can ____22____ (recorder) what you see— a quiet temple, a street full of flowers, or a traditional signboard. The star ferry (天星小轮) moves ____23____ (slow) across the water, connecting the past and the present. Hong Kong is both old and new, fast and calm. It is a special place, full of life and stories. It stays in your memory just like a catchy (朗朗上口) and rhythmic song. 【答案】16. develop 17. punish 18. unpleasant 19. wide 20. imagine 21. foreigners 22. record 23. slowly 【导语】本文主要介绍了香港的城市风貌与独特韵味。 【16题详解】 句意：这座城市总是很繁忙，总在奋力发展。 try to do sth.“努力做某事”，to 后接动词原形，development 是名词，其动词形式为 develop“发展”。故填develop。 【17题详解】 句意：有时，大雨会突然倾洒而下，淋湿在街上行走的人。情态动词will后接动词原形；punishment是名词，其动词形式为 punish“惩罚、使…… 受雨淋”。故填punish。 【18题详解】 句意：天气可能会短暂变得让人不适，但很快就会放晴，阳光再次照耀。系动词be后接形容词作表语，结合后文but it soon clears“但很快放晴”，可知前文指天气 “让人不适”，pleasant 的反义词为unpleasant“令人不快的”。故填unpleasant。 【19题详解】 句意：从太平山顶望去，视野十分开阔。系动词 be 后接形容词作表语；widely是副词，其形容词形式为wide“广阔的”。故填wide。 【20题详解】 句意：想象这座城市数十年前的模样，是一件很有意思的事。it is fun to do sth.“做某事很有趣”，to后接动词原形；imagination是名词，其动词形式为 imagine“想象”。故填imagine。 【21题详解】 句意：如今，你会看到许多外国人走在街上，尤其是在重庆大厦附近。many后接可数名词复数，foreign是形容词，其名词形式为foreigner“外国人”，复数为 foreigners。故填foreigners。 【22题详解】 句意：如果你漫步在老旧的街区，就能记录下你所见到的景致——一座静谧的庙宇、一条繁花满径的街道，或是一块古色古香的招牌。情态动词can后接动词原形，recorder是名词“录音机”，其动词形式为record“记录”。故填record。 【23题详解】 句意：天星小轮缓缓地驶过水面，连接着这座城市的过去与现在。修饰动词moves“移动”需用副词，slow 是形容词，其副词形式为 slowly“缓慢地”。故填slowly。 V.Complete the conversation (根据所给要求用适当的内容完成对话) A: Progress in technology made a difference in travel and communication. B: But in 18th-century London, there were no buses or railways, ______24______? (反义疑问句) A: No, there weren’t. People only walked or used horse carriages to travel. The streets, however, were far from clean. B: ______25______? (对下一句的划线部分提问) A: The streets were dirty and smelly. They were filled with waste and pollution. B: ______26______? (对时间提问) A: Cities started growing rapidly in the 19th century. It was closely linked to industrialization (工业化) actually. B: Did factories also appear in other cities like Manchester? A: ______27______. (回答) Industrialization spread beyond London, transforming places like Manchester into industrial hubs. B: ______28______? (对下一句的划线部分提问) A: Another major change was the growth of the cities. Industrialization brought crowds to urban areas, which definitely has a negative effect on cities. B: Today’s world is a lot different from the past! 【答案】24. were there 25. What were the streets like 26. When did cities start growing rapidly 27. Yes, they did 28. What was another major change 【导语】本文是一段对话，围绕科技进步对交通、城市发展的影响展开，谈及18世纪伦敦的交通、街道状况及19世纪工业化带来的城市变化。 【24题详解】 根据“there were no buses or railways”可知，此处是there be句型的反义疑问句，前否后肯，故填were there。 【25题详解】 根据“The streets were dirty and smelly.”可知，此处是对街道状况提问，故填What were the streets like。 【26题详解】 根据“Cities started growing rapidly in the 19th century.”可知，此处是对时间提问，故填When did cities start growing rapidly。 【27题详解】 根据“Industrialization spread beyond London...”可知，此处是对一般疑问句的肯定回答，故填Yes, they did。 【28题详解】 根据“Another major change was the growth of the cities.”可知，此处是提问另一个主要变化是什么，故填What was another major change。 Part 3 Reading and Translation (第三部分 阅读) VI. Reading comprehension(阅读理解)(共32分) A. Choose the best answer(根据语篇内容选择最恰当的答案)(6 分) Wheels Have Fun! Contract for Bicycle Rental[1] By signing this contract, I, ______, agree that I will be the only rider using this bicycle and that I have the experience to use it safely. I agree to ride the bicycle no farther than 100 miles from the Wheels Have Fun! office. I will return the bicycle by the time indicated below. For every hour the bicycle is late, I agree to pay an additional ¥10. All bicycles include a pump, lock, and repair kit[2] (patches, spare tube, tire levers). These items must be returned with the bicycle. There is no cost for using items in the kit, but please report their use to the rental agent at the time of return. The rental rate includes insurance, which covers minor damage to the bicycle. This insurance does NOT cover any of the following costs:  damage caused to property or other vehicles;  medical costs related to an accident;  theft or loss of bicycle. You are fully responsible for any and all of the costs named above. Period of Rental: Start Time __________ End Time __________ Name (please print): __________ Signature: __________ Date: __________ Word box [1] rental adj./n. 租借 [2] kit n. 工具包 29. The information is included in the contract after it has been completed EXCEPT __________. A. the name of the renter B. the value of the bicycle C. the time the rental period begins and ends D. the cost of each extra rental hour 30. The underlined word “contract” is closest in meaning to __________. A. an official agreement B. a detailed plan C. a personal schedule D. an attractive advertisement 31. If Li Ming returns the bicycle 3 hours later than the indicated end time, he will pay an extra __________. A. ¥10 B. ¥20 C. ¥30 D. ¥35 32. If a cyclist uses the spare tube from the repair kit during the rental period, he should __________. A. pay for a new spare tube at return B. report it to the rental agent when returning the bicycle C. replace it with a new one before returning D. do nothing, as it is included for free use 33. According to the contract, which situation does the insurance cover? A. The bicycle hits a parked car and causes damage. B. The bicycle is stolen during the rental period. C. The bicycle is missing and not being returned. D. The bicycle has some small marks. 34. The main purpose of this contract is __________. A. to encourage people to exercise more B. to explain how to use a bicycle safely C. to show the responsibilities of renting a bicycle D. to advertise the rental services of “Wheels Have Fun!” 【答案】29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是一份名为“Wheels Have Fun!”的自行车租赁合同，明确了租赁双方的权利、责任、保险范围及费用等条款。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据合同内容，包含了租车人姓名（Name）、租赁起止时间（Period of Rental）、超时费用（For every hour the bicycle is late, I agree to pay an additional ¥10），但未提及自行车的价值（the value of the bicycle）。故选B。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据标题“Contract for Bicycle Rental”及合同中的条款（如签名、责任说明等）可知，contract是一份具有法律约束力的正式协议。故选A。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“For every hour the bicycle is late, I agree to pay an additional ¥10.”可知，自行车每迟到一小时，需额外支付10元，超时3小时需支付额外费用：3 ×10 = 30元。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These items must be returned with the bicycle. There is no cost for using items in the kit, but please report their use to the rental agent at the time of return.”可知，使用工具包内的物品后，需在归还时向租赁代理报告。故选B。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The rental rate includes insurance, which covers minor damage to the bicycle.”可知，保险覆盖自行车的轻微损坏，small marks“小划痕”属于轻微损坏。故选D。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。合同全文明确了租车人的责任（如安全骑行、按时归还、赔偿范围）及租赁条款，核心目的是说明租车双方的责任。故选C。 B. Choose the best answer(根据语篇内容选择最恰当的答案)(6 分) People all over the world have some strange hobbies, and one of the most unusual in Britain is “Trainspotting (看火车)”. It’s usually men over the age of 40, but not always. You’ll see them standing around at railway stations and other places where trains pass by, and you’ll see them taking photos and exchanging notes with each other. So, what are they doing? Well, they’re collecting information about trains—the numbers on the front of the trains, or the make and model of the “locomotive (火车头)”—the part of the train which pulls all the other parts. In the same way that some people collect toys or stamps, these men collect and exchange all kinds of details about trains and railways. The idea goes back as far as 1942. That year, a young man named Ian Allan was working at Waterloo railway station in London. It was his job to answer letter from people about trains, and quite a lot of the questions he got were very similar. He found himself getting a little annoyed at always sending the same replies to the same questions, so he had a talk with his boss. He asked if he could write a booklet giving the answers to the most often asked questions—an early form of the FAQs (abb. Frequently Asked Questions) you see on websites nowadays. His boss said if he wanted to waste his time on such a project, he should do it in his own time. So he did. The first 2,000 copies were all sold in days, and by the 1950s, a million copies of British Railways Locomotives were selling every year. Ian Allan went on to become a successful publisher, and got an Order of the British Empire (OBE,大英帝国勋章) from the Queen in 1995. He died in 2015, but his trainspotting hobby lives on. 35. People who enjoy trainspotting are mostly ______. A. kids B. teenagers C. middle-aged men D. old men 36. Trainspotting lovers usually ______. A. collect railway toys and stamps B. observe railway scenes at railway stations C. build and collect model trains D. gather and exchange details about trains 37. According to the passage, the underlined word “annoyed” probably means ______ . A. angry B. satisfied C. patient D. worried 38. When Ian Allan was asked similar questions about trains, he ______ . A. felt too tired to answer those questions B. asked his boss to help him reply to those questions C. wrote a booklet to answer those questions D. created a website to answer those questions 39. Which statement is true about people’s response to Ian Allan’s effort? A. His boss gave him a lot of help to publish his booklet. B. His booklet was free to the public when it was first introduced. C. His work published in the 1950s was not popular anymore. D. His project on questions about trains earned him great success. 40. The purpose of writing this article is mainly to ______. A. introduce some strange hobbies in Britain B. tell us what trainspotting is and how it came to exist C. explain what makes trainspotting popular in Britain D. show how Ian Allan developed his trainspotting hobby 【答案】35. C 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了在英国流行的一种不寻常的嗜好——trainspotting猜火车，包括做法、发明者和影响。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据“It’s usually men over the age of 40, but not always.”可知，火车迷多为40岁以上的男性，即中年男性。故选C。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据“they’re collecting information about trains…exchange all kinds of details about trains and railways”可知，火车迷的主要活动是收集和交换火车相关细节。故选D。 【37题详解】 词义推测题。根据“He found himself getting a little annoyed at always sending the same replies to the same questions, so he had a talk with his boss.”可知，Ian因重复回答同样的问题感到“恼怒”。故选A。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据“He asked if he could write a booklet giving the answers to the most often asked questions”可知，Ian编写了一本手册回答常见问题。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据“The first 2,000 copies were all sold in days…Ian Allan went on to become a successful publisher”可知，他的项目取得巨大成功。故选D。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。全文介绍了火车迷的定义、活动及其起源（通过Ian Allan的故事），旨在说明“火车迷是什么及其历史由来”。故选B。 C. Choose the best answer to complete the passage.(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(7 分) Breakfast in Shanghai: old and new Breakfast in Shanghai has changed over time, but it still keeps its traditional form and flavors. In the past, people ate simple, tasty foods from street vendors. Popular dishes included cifangao, shengjianbao, and youtiao dipped in sweet or ____41____ soy milk. Family and friends often ate together at small outdoor stalls, chatting while enjoying their meals. These breakfasts were cheap, ____42____ and perfect for busy mornings. Today, Shanghai’s breakfast scene allows old and new to blend (融合) ____43____. Many people still love traditional foods. For example, old restaurants sell xiaolongbao and spring onion pancakes. But modern life has brought changes. Young people often buy coffee, sandwiches, or toast from branded cafes. Food ____44____ apps let people order breakfast to their homes or offices in 30 minutes. Some restaurants even create new dishes, like expensive dumplings with special ingredients to attract young customers who like trying new things ____45____ still keeping a traditional form. However, tradition remains. In old neighbourhoods, you can still find grandmas frying yougao or making sweet rice balls. Many families cook congee (粥) at home, just like their grandparents did. For Shanghainese, breakfast is not just food — it’s a ____46____ to remember their history while living in a modern world. Whether eating food from a 100-year-old recipe or trying a new trend, Shanghai’s breakfast culture shows how the city ____47____ both its past and future. 41. A. smelly B. wealthy C. salty D. wide 42. A. slow B. continuous C. self - important D. quick 43. A. immediately B. naturally C. extremely D. dramatically 44. A. delivery B. support C. connection D. complaint 45. A. and B. so C. while D. because 46. A. task B. trick C. result D. way 47. A. belongs B. benefits C. respects D. burns 【答案】41. C 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了上海早餐文化的变迁，传统与现代的融合，以及早餐对上海人的意义。 【41题详解】 句意：流行的早餐包括粢饭糕、生煎包，还有蘸甜豆浆或咸豆浆的油条。 smelly有臭味的；wealthy富有的；salty咸的；wide宽的。根据原文“Popular dishes included cifangao, shengjianbao, and youtiao dipped in sweet or … soy milk.”可知，豆浆有甜、咸两种口味，salty符合语境。故选C。 【42题详解】 句意：这些早餐便宜、快捷，非常适合忙碌的早晨。 slow慢的；continuous连续的；self-important自负的；quick快的。根据“These breakfasts were cheap, … and perfect for busy mornings.”可知，忙碌的早晨需要“快捷”的早餐，quick符合语境。故选D。 【43题详解】 句意：如今，上海的早餐场景让传统与现代自然地融合。 immediately立即；naturally自然地；extremely极其；dramatically显著地。根据原文“Today, Shanghai’s breakfast scene allows old and new to blend ….”可知，新旧融合是一个自然的过程，naturally符合语境。故选B。 【44题详解】 句意：食品配送应用程序让人们可以在30分钟内将早餐送到家或办公室。 delivery配送；support支持；connection连接；complaint抱怨。根据原文“let people order breakfast to their homes or offices in 30 minutes.”可知，将早餐送到家或办公室的是“外卖配送应用”，delivery符合语境。故选A。 【45题详解】 句意：一些餐厅甚至推出新菜品，比如用特殊食材制作的昂贵饺子，以吸引喜欢尝试新事物的年轻顾客，同时仍保留传统形式。 and和；so所以；while同时；because因为。根据原文“Some restaurants even create new dishes … still keeping a traditional form.”可知，此处表示“推出新菜品”与“保留传统形式”同时发生，while符合语境。故选C。 【46题详解】 句意：对上海人来说，早餐不仅仅是食物——它是在现代世界中铭记历史的一种方式。 task任务；trick诡计；result结果；way方式。根据“For Shanghainese, breakfast is not just food — it’s a … to remember their history”可知，早餐是在现代世界中铭记历史的一种方式。“a way to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“做某事的一种方式”，way符合语境。故选D。 【47题详解】 句意：无论是品尝有百年历史的食谱，还是尝试新潮流，上海的早餐文化都展现了这座城市如何尊重它的过去和未来。 belongs属于；benefits受益；respects尊重；burns燃烧。根据原文“Shanghai’s breakfast culture shows how the city … both its past and future.”可知，上海的早餐文化既保留传统又拥抱创新，体现了对过去和未来的“尊重”，respects符合语境。故选C。 D. Answer the questions(根据短文内容回答问题)(13 分) James’ face lights up when he opens a rare Labubu soft toy—pure joy is the only way to describe it. The YouTuber shows off the brown monster, which collectors call “cute, ugly or a bit strange”. Designed by Artist Kasing Lung and sold by Pop Mart, Labubus are fluffy, uneven-toothed little creatures. They sell out fast online, and long lines form outside stores that stock them. Blind boxes are sold as mystery products (you don’t know which one you’ll get), this mystery makes them more attractive. ________: celebrity support, social media unboxing videos, and their ability to bring back happy old memories. James, a collector, sees Labubu as an investment—he owns 30 toys (costing £25 each) and has spent hundreds on them. Pop Mart doubled its earnings last year and plans to go global. The company is spoken highly of for its unique designs. Kasing Lung got the idea from European elf (妖精) legends and drawings he made as a kid. “Labubu” has no special meaning—it’s just a fictional (虚构的) elf-like character. For James, Labubu is more than a toy. “They’re a bit strange but cute. They let young adults feel like they’re back in their childhood,” he said. These soft toys also have a strong connection to the fashion community. Task1 48. How does James feel when he opens the rare Labubu toy? ____________________________________________________________ 49. Do collectors only think Labubu toys are cute? ____________________________________________________________ 50. Why do blind boxes make Labubu more attractive? ____________________________________________________________ 51. What helps Labubu become popular? ____________________________________________________________ 52. Fill in the blank to make it logically correct. ____________________________________________________________ Task 2 53. Do you like buying blind boxes? Why or why not? Explain it in your own words (at least 2 reasons). ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】48. Pure joy. 49. No. 50. Because you don’t know which one you’ll get. 51. Celebrity support, social media unboxing videos, and their ability to bring back happy old memories. 52. There are several reasons for their popularity. 53. Yes, I like buying blind boxes. Because it’s full of surprises and can bring me a lot of fun. Also, it’s a good way to collect cute toys. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了泡泡玛特旗下Labubu玩偶的设计特点、流行原因、商业价值，以及它在收藏者心中的情感意义。 【48题详解】 根据文章第一段“James’ face lights up when he opens a rare Labubu soft toy—pure joy is the only way to describe it.”可知，James打开稀有Labubu玩偶时，感受是纯粹的喜悦。故填Pure joy. 【49题详解】 根据文章第一段“which collectors call ‘cute, ugly or a bit strange’”可知，收藏者对Labubu的评价不只是“可爱”，还有“丑”或“有点奇怪”，因此答案是否定的。故填No. 【50题详解】 根据文章第二段“Blind boxes are sold as mystery products (you don’t know which one you’ll get), this mystery makes them more attractive.”可知，盲盒的吸引力来自于“你不知道会得到哪一个”的神秘感。故填Because you don’t know which one you’ll get. 【51题详解】 根据文章第三段“celebrity support, social media unboxing videos, and their ability to bring back happy old memories.”可知，名人代言、社交媒体开箱视频，以及它们唤醒美好旧日回忆的能力这三个点就是Labubu流行的原因。故填Celebrity support, social media unboxing videos, and their ability to bring back happy old memories. 【52题详解】 空白处后列举了Labubu流行的具体原因，因此需要一个总起句引出下文。“There are several reasons for their popularity.”意为“它们的流行有几个原因”符合逻辑。故填There are several reasons for their popularity. 【53题详解】 开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为：Yes, I like buying blind boxes. Because it’s full of surprises and can bring me a lot of fun. Also, it’s a good way to collect cute toys. VII. Translation (10%) 54. 这个结果让所有人都很失望。(disappoint) ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】This result disappointed everyone. 【详解】根据汉语意思可知，该句是一般过去时的主谓宾句型。 “这个结果”英文为“This result”，作主语；“让……失望”英文为“disappointed”，是动词disappoint的过去式，作谓语，因为描述的是过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时；“所有人”英文为“everyone”，作宾语。故填This result disappointed everyone. 55. 尽管时间有限，他们还是完成了任务。(although) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although the time was limited, they still completed the task. 【详解】根据题干汉语可知，该句是一般过去时的主从复合句，由although引导让步状语从句。“尽管时间有限”英文为“Although the time was limited”，其中Although引导让步状语从句；the time是从句主语，was limited是从句谓语（一般过去时的被动语态，表“被限制”）；“他们”英文为“they”，作主句主语；“还是完成了”英文为“still completed”，是一般过去时，作主句谓语；“任务”英文为“the task”，作主句宾语。故填Although the time was limited, they still completed the task. 56. 如果明天下雨，运动会将被推迟。(if) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will be postponed. 【详解】if“如果”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，句首字母大写；it rains“下雨”；tomorrow“明天”；the sports meeting“运动会”；postpone“推迟”，此处为被动关系，时态为一般将来时，用will be postponed。故填If it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will be postponed. 57. 除非你道歉，否则我不会原谅你。(unless) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I won’t forgive you unless you apologize. 【详解】根据句意可知，该句是一般将来时的主从复合句，用unless引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则。“我”英文为“I”，作主语； “不会原谅”英文为“won’t forgive”，是一般将来时的否定形式，作谓语；“你”英文为“you”，作宾语；“除非你道歉”英文为“unless you apologize”为条件状语从句，其中unless引导条件状语从句，you是从句主语，apologize是从句谓语。故填I won’t forgive you unless you apologize. 58. 他一定是病了，因为他今天缺席了。(because) ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】He must be ill because he was absent today. 【详解】根据汉语意思可知，该句是主从复合句，主句用情态动词must表推测，从句用一般过去时。“他”英文为“He”，作主语；“一定是病了”英文为“must be ill”，其中must表肯定推测，ill作表语，整体作谓语和表语；“因为他今天缺席了”英文为“because he was absent today”，because引导原因状语从句，he是从句主语，was absent是系表结构（一般过去时）。故填He must be ill because he was absent today. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $