内容正文:
Unit 1 Nature in the Balance
省略
一、语法填空
1.Unless (repair) properly, the machine may break down again.
2.Once (bury) in our study, we will forget the time.
3.If (invite), she will dress up and attend the wedding.
4.When (inform) of the sudden change, all the students adjusted their schedules.
5.As (schedule), the meeting will be held on Friday.
6.Look out for cars when (cross) the road.
7.He wouldn’t solve the difficult problem even if (take) charge.
8.If (give) more time, I’ll be able to do it better.
9.Now, if (compare) different languages, you notice that they have a lot in common.
10.While (cross) the street, she ran into a car and her knees got badly hurt.
11.Though (tire), he still kept working.
12.What we need do is (prepare) well for the exam.
13.She opened her mouth as if (say) something.
14.While (view) those heartfelt comments, I realized that the good deed was paid forward!
15.If you have a dream, work at it. If it doesn’t turn out as (expect), don’t give up .
16.While (wait) for the bus, he met Mary.
17.Though (treat) unfairly in the new company, Shelly always kept a positive mind.
18.Though (face) with difficulties, the company held on and took the lead in 5G technology.
19.When (heat), ice can turn into water.
20.Although (start) six years earlier, in 1948, McDonald’s was still a small business owned by two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonalds.
21.Once (face) with difficulties, we should try to overcome them instead of escaping.
22.The two brothers made up again when (attack) by enemies.
23.Though (warn) again and again, the young man still drove after drinking, leading to his being fined.
24.When (ask) a question in class, you shouldn’t keep silent but actively answer it.
25.If (heat), water can turn into vapour (蒸汽).
26.Once (understand), the problem is easy to solve.
27.When first (introduce) to his new colleagues, he felt very nervous.
28.Most skin cancers are (cure) if (treat) early.
29.He rushed out of the room as if (meet) some important person.
30.We should be cautious and use good judgement when (make) decisions about cloning.
31.You are likely to end in failure if (turn) a deaf ear to the teachers’ practical suggestions.
32.If (give)more time, I can get a higher maths mark as I can have a second check.
33.Rather than (cause)problems, he is going to help us.
34.— Is Tom a good talker?
— No, he never speaks to me unless (ask)for something.
35.When (absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him.
36.He conducted himself far better than (expect).
37.Tom was attacked by cramp while (swim) across the river.
38.If carefully (do), the experiment will be successful.
39.When (face) challenges, he remains brave and calm.
40.It’s our duty to protect our environment while (push) for economic development.
二、完成句子
41.人们在阅读电子书时更容易感到眼睛痛。
People more easily have sore eyes e-books.
42.换句话说,我们应该在利用自然资源的同时保持地球的健康。
In other words, we should keep the earth healthy .
43.如果有必要你可以向你的老师求助。
, you can turn to your teacher for help.
44.如果有必要,我们可以重新安排会议。
, we can rearrange the meeting.
45.所指派的工作,危险或不危险,必须如期完成。
The task assigned, dangerous or otherwise, must be finished .
46.如果要求孩子们一次学太多,他们会感到困惑。
if asked to learn too much at a time.
47.有人感觉冷吗? 如果没有的话, 我们把窗户打开吧。
Does anyone feel cold? , let’s open the windows.
48.在备战东京奥运会时,运动员们承受了很大的压力。
the Tokyo Olympic Games, the athletes were under great stress.
49.在加快工程进度的同时,必须注意质量。
on the project, we must pay attention to ensuring its quality.
50.初学者在写作的时候出错很自然。
It is natural that beginners make mistakes .
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Unit 1 Nature in the Balance
省略
一、语法填空
1.Unless (repair) properly, the machine may break down again.
【答案】repaired
【详解】考查状语从句的省略用法。句意:除非被正确修理,否则这台机器可能会再次出故障。分析句子可知,此处为Unless引导状语从句的省略用法,当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句谓语含有 be 动词时,可以省略从句的主语和 be 动词。还原句子:原句可以还原为“Unless (it is) repaired properly...”。主语 the machine(机器)和动词 repair(修理)之间是被动关系(机器是被修理的),所以要用过去分词 repaired。故填repaired。
2.Once (bury) in our study, we will forget the time.
【答案】buried
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:一旦埋头学习,我们就会忘记时间。once引导状语从句,结合语意可知,从句主语和主句主语一致,且be buried in是固定短语,表示“埋头于”,从句中含有be动词形式,从句中的主语和be动词可以省略,即once buried in our study。故填buried。
3.If (invite), she will dress up and attend the wedding.
【答案】invited
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果被邀请的话,她会打扮得漂漂亮亮地去参加婚礼。此处是状语从句的省略,动词invite与she构成被动关系,用过去分词作状语。故填invited。
4.When (inform) of the sudden change, all the students adjusted their schedules.
【答案】informed
【详解】考查省略句。句意:当被告知突然的变化时,所有的学生都调整了他们的日程安排。此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be,从句完整形式为“When all the students were informed of the sudden change”,省略了all the students和were。故填informed。
5.As (schedule), the meeting will be held on Friday.
【答案】scheduled
【详解】考查省略句。句意:按照安排,会议将在周五举行。本题中as引导的为方式状语从句,表示“按照……的方式;如同……一样”,因从句中的主语和主句的主语一致,所以可以省略从句中的主语和be动词,即完整形式为:As the meeting is scheduled。所以此处用schedule的过去分词形式。故填scheduled。
6.Look out for cars when (cross) the road.
【答案】crossing
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:过马路时要当心车辆。句子含有when引导的时间状语从句,使用省略用法,当时间、条件、让步等状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语和be动词。在“Look out for cars when ______ (cross) the road”中,完整的句子应该是 “Look out for cars when you are crossing the road”,从句主语“you”和主句隐含的主语you一致,且含有be动词“are”,所以可以省略“you are”,只保留现在分词 crossing。故填crossing。
7.He wouldn’t solve the difficult problem even if (take) charge.
【答案】to take
【详解】考查虚拟语气和状语从句的省略。句意:即使他负责,也解决不了这个难题。分析句子可知,此句采用了even if引导的让步状语从句的虚拟语气语法,即如果是对将来动作的虚拟,用were to do结构,则主句用“would (not) + 动词原形”做谓语,而even if引导的从句的主语与主句主语一致,且从句中有be动词形式,可以把从句中he were省略。故填to take。
8.If (give) more time, I’ll be able to do it better.
【答案】given
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:如果给我更多的时间,我能做得更好。此处为if引导的条件状语从句,从句中的主语和主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略“主语+be”,主语I与give之间为被动关系,所以该句的完整结构为“if I am given...”,省略“I am”,所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填given。
9.Now, if (compare) different languages, you notice that they have a lot in common.
【答案】comparing
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:现在,如果你在比较不同的语言,你会注意到它们有很多共同点。根据所给动词compare和空格前的if可知,if引导的应该是条件状语从句;从句的主语与主句的主语一致,可以省略从句的主语和be动词。动词compare和主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填comparing。
10.While (cross) the street, she ran into a car and her knees got badly hurt.
【答案】crossing
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:过马路时,她撞上了一辆汽车,膝盖受了重伤。while引导时间状语从句,主语为she,时态为过去进行时,谓语结构为was crossing,当从句主语和主句主语一致时,省略从句的主语和be动词,保留现在分词。故填crossing。
11.Though (tire), he still kept working.
【答案】tired
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:他虽然累了,但还是继续工作。though 引导的状语从句中,从句主语 he 与主句主语一致,且谓语含有 be 动词,可省略 he was,“尽管累了” 用 Though tired。故填 tired。
12.What we need do is (prepare) well for the exam.
【答案】prepare
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们需要做的就是为考试做好准备。此处说明主语的内容作表语,应用不定式,且前面有do后面省略to,故填prepare。
13.She opened her mouth as if (say) something.
【答案】to say
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她张开嘴好像要说什么。as if引导的是方式状语从句,从句中省略了主语和be动词,所以空处应用非谓语动词。这里表示张开嘴要说什么,表示将来,所以空处应用不定式的一般式。as if to say something是 as if she was to say something的省略。故填to say。
14.While (view) those heartfelt comments, I realized that the good deed was paid forward!
【答案】viewing
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意:当我看到这些发自内心的评论时,我意识到自己的善行得到了回报!此处为while引导的时间状语从句,从句中的主语和主句主语一致,且从句中的谓语动词中包含be动词,所以此处为状语从句的省略,省略“主语+be”,view与主语I之间为主动关系,所以此处应为现在分词形式viewing。故填viewing。
15.If you have a dream, work at it. If it doesn’t turn out as (expect), don’t give up .
【答案】expected
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:如果你有梦想,就去努力实现它。即使结果没有达到预期,也不要放弃。as expected意思是“如预期的那样”。此处为as引导的方式状语从句的省略,因为从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且含有be动词,所以可以把从句的主语和be动词一块省略,从句的完整结构为“as it is expected”,所以省掉it is,剩下过去分词。故填expected。
16.While (wait) for the bus, he met Mary.
【答案】waiting
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:在等公共汽车的时候,他遇到了Mary。while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句含有be动词,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,完整的从句是While he was waiting for the bus,省略he was。故填waiting。
17.Though (treat) unfairly in the new company, Shelly always kept a positive mind.
【答案】treated
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:虽然Shelly在新公司受到不公平的待遇,但她始终保持积极的心态。从句为though引导的让步状语从句,主、从句主语一致,且从句为一般过去时的被动语态,从句中有be动词,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,因此空格处是treated。故填treated。
18.Though (face) with difficulties, the company held on and took the lead in 5G technology.
【答案】faced
【详解】考查状语从句省略句。句意:尽管面临困难,但该公司坚持不懈,在5G技术方面处于领先地位。though引导的让步状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,完整的从句是Though the company was faced with difficulties,省略了主语和be动词,空处需填过去分词形式。故填faced。
19.When (heat), ice can turn into water.
【答案】heated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当加热时,冰可以变成水。分析句子可知,空处缺少句子的状语,原来的从句为When the ice is heated,此处省略the ice和be动词is,逻辑主语ice与heat为被动关系,用过去分词。故填heated。
20.Although (start) six years earlier, in 1948, McDonald’s was still a small business owned by two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonalds.
【答案】started
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:麦当劳成立于1948年,虽然早了6年,但它仍然是麦当劳两兄弟的小公司,麦克和迪克·麦当劳。根据in 1948可知,从句的时态为一般过去时;再分析句式结构可知,从句的主语McDonald’s和提示词start和主语之间是被动关系,所以从句中用一般过去时的被动语态,即用McDonald’s was started,又因为主从句的主语一致,所以从句中的McDonald’s was可以省略。故填started。
21.Once (face) with difficulties, we should try to overcome them instead of escaping.
【答案】faced
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:一旦遇到困难,我们就应该设法克服,而不是逃避。在时间状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be动词。be faced with意为“面对”,为固定搭配。Once引导的时间状语从句省略主语we和be动词,其完整形式为:Once we are faced with difficulties,因此空处应用过去分词faced。故填faced。
22.The two brothers made up again when (attack) by enemies.
【答案】attacked
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:兄弟俩在受到敌人攻击时又和好了。when引导的从句表示“当两兄弟被敌人攻击的时候”,由made可知,时态是一般过去时,因此when引导的从句中用一般过去时的被动语态,主语brothers是复数,因此when引导的从句是when the two brothers were attacked,时间状语从句和主句中主语一致,且从句中有be动词时,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,因此空格处是attacked。故填attacked。
23.Though (warn) again and again, the young man still drove after drinking, leading to his being fined.
【答案】warned
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意:尽管被一再警告,这个年轻人还是酒后驾车,结果被罚款了。分析句子可知,Though引导让步状语从句,从句的主语和主句的主语一致,对主语和be动词同时进行了省略,warn“警告”和被省略的主语the young man之间是被动关系,应用warn的过去分词形式。故填warned。
24.When (ask) a question in class, you shouldn’t keep silent but actively answer it.
【答案】asked
【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意:当在课堂上被问到问题时,你不应该保持沉默,而是积极地回答。根据句意可知,前半句应为When you are asked a question in class,状语从句中主语和从句主语一致, 可以省略从句主语和be动词,故填asked。
25.If (heat), water can turn into vapour (蒸汽).
【答案】heated
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:如果水被加热,水会变成蒸气。此处是if引导的状语从句的省略,当状语从句和主句为同一主语时,且从句含有be动词时,从句可以省略主语和be动词,动词heat(加热)和逻辑主语water是被动关系,完整从句为if it is heated,省略主语和be动词。故填heated。
26.Once (understand), the problem is easy to solve.
【答案】understood
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:一旦理解了问题,它就容易解决了。此处是条件状语从句的省略,从句主语是problem,和动词understand之间是被动关系,故完整形式是Once the problem is understood,当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致,且从句含有be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词,故填understood。
27.When first (introduce) to his new colleagues, he felt very nervous.
【答案】introduced
【详解】考查时态,语态,主谓一致和省略。句意:当他第一次被介绍给新同事时,他感到很紧张。when引导的时间状语从句意为“当他第一次被介绍给新同事时”,他是被介绍,且由felt可知,句子描述过去的事情,因此when引导的从句用一般过去时的被动语态,主语he是单数,因此when引导的从句是when he was first introduced to his new colleagues,主句的主语和从句的主语一致,且从句中有be动词时,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,因此空格处是introduced。故填introduced。
28.Most skin cancers are (cure) if (treat) early.
【答案】 curable treated
【详解】考查形容词和省略。句意:如果及早治疗,大多数的皮肤癌是可以治愈的。分析句子可知,第一空在句中为表语,所以此处用形容词curable;第二空所在处为if引导的条件句的省略,其完整形式为:if they are treated early,这里条件句的主语they指代主句主语 skin cancers ,同时从句使用了be动词are,使用中可以省略,故填①curable;②treated。
29.He rushed out of the room as if (meet) some important person.
【答案】to meet
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意: 他冲出房间, 好像去见什么重要人物似的。本句为状语从句的省略,还原后为:as if he were to meet。省略了he were。故填to meet。
30.We should be cautious and use good judgement when (make) decisions about cloning.
【答案】making
【详解】考查状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。句意:当作出克隆的决定时我们应该谨慎,并使用良好的判断。此处为时间状语从句的省略,从句主语We和从句谓语动词make是主动关系,正在进行的动作,从句谓语动词make用be doing形式,在状语从句中,如果从句主语和主句主语一致,并且从句谓语中又含有be动词的形式,则从句主语和be动词可以省略,make应用现在分词表示主动。故填making。
31.You are likely to end in failure if (turn) a deaf ear to the teachers’ practical suggestions.
【答案】turning
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:如果对老师提出的实用的建议充耳不闻,你很可能以失败告终。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语及be动词。本句完整句子为You are likely to end in failure if you are turning a deaf ear to the teachers’ practical suggestions.省略主语you are,保留现在分词。故填turning。
32.If (give)more time, I can get a higher maths mark as I can have a second check.
【答案】given
【详解】考查省略和非谓语动词。句意:如果给我更多的时间,我可以得到一个更高的数学分数,因为我可以再检查一次。分析句子可知,此处是if条件状语从句的省略,逻辑主语I与动词give之间为被动关系,应用过去分词;其完整结构为If I am given more time,当主从句主语一致时,可将从句主语和be动词省略。故填given。
33.Rather than (cause)problems, he is going to help us.
【答案】cause
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他不是要给我们制造麻烦,而是要帮助我们。连词rather than意为“而不是”,其后接动不定式,不定式可带to,也可不带to,但rather than位于句首时,只能接不带to的不定式,所以空处应填cause。故填cause。
34.— Is Tom a good talker?
— No, he never speaks to me unless (ask)for something.
【答案】asked
【详解】考查省略句。句意:——汤姆是个健谈的人吗?——不,除非我要他帮忙,否则他从来不跟我说话。在unless引导的条件状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词,且主语与谓语构成被动关系,完整形式为:unless he is asked for something,相当于省略了he is,故填asked。
35.When (absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him.
【答案】absorbed
【详解】考查省略句。句意:当他沉浸在音乐的世界里时,他觉得自己仿佛能“看到”周围世界的美丽。此处为状语从句的省略,从句短语为be absorbed in,省略主语he与be动词,故填absorbed。
36.He conducted himself far better than (expect).
【答案】expected
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:他表现得比预期的要好得多。分析句子结构,本句使用了比较级,比较的是预期的情况和实际的情况。than为连词,其后省略了it was,补充完整应为than it was expected。所以这里应用过去分词。故填expected。
37.Tom was attacked by cramp while (swim) across the river.
【答案】swimming
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:汤姆在游过河时抽筋了。分析句子结构,while引导时间状语从句,从句主语应为Tom,从句表示动作正在进行,应用现在进行时be swimming,状语从句中从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中有be动词,则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填swimming。
38.If carefully (do), the experiment will be successful.
【答案】done
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:如果做得仔细,实验就会成功。分析句子结构可知,此处使用了状语从句的省略,do与逻辑主语experiment之间为被动关系,要使用过去分词,完整表达应为If it is carefully done, the experiment will be successful.在条件状语从句中,主句主语与从句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,故填done。
39.When (face) challenges, he remains brave and calm.
【答案】facing
【详解】考查省略句。句意:面对挑战时,他保持勇敢和冷静。分析可知,时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,完整的从句是when he is facing challenges ,此处省略he和be动词。故填facing。
40.It’s our duty to protect our environment while (push) for economic development.
【答案】pushing
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:在推动经济发展的同时,保护环境是我们的责任。当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语及be动词。It’s our duty to protect our environment隐含的主语是we,而while从句的完整句子为while we are pushing for economic development.可以省略从句中的we are,保留现在分词。故填pushing。
二、完成句子
41.人们在阅读电子书时更容易感到眼睛痛。
People more easily have sore eyes e-books.
【答案】while reading
【详解】考查省略句。表示“在……时”应用while引导时间状语从句,表示“阅读”应用read;while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,完整的从句使while they are reading e-books,省略了they are。故填while reading。
42.换句话说,我们应该在利用自然资源的同时保持地球的健康。
In other words, we should keep the earth healthy .
【答案】while using its supply of natural resources
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。根据句意和给出的部分内容可知,表示“在利用自然资源的同时”可以使用while引导的时间状语从句,且其中的“在利用”表明该动作用于进行时,所以从句中的谓语动词含有be动词,主语和主句的主语一致,所以此处使用状语从句中的省略结构;表示“利用”为use,与逻辑主语we之间为主动关系,使用现在分词形式using,表示“自然资源”可以为its supply of natural resources作using的宾语。故填while using its supply of natural resources。
43.如果有必要你可以向你的老师求助。
, you can turn to your teacher for help.
【答案】If necessary
【详解】考查固定搭配。“如果有必要”为if necessary,是if引导的状语从句的省略,句首单词首字母大写,故填If necessary。
44.如果有必要,我们可以重新安排会议。
, we can rearrange the meeting.
【答案】 If necessary
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。根据汉语提示,空处填状语从句的省略结构If necessary,表示“如果有必要”,其完整形式为If it is necessary。故填①If ②necessary。
45.所指派的工作,危险或不危险,必须如期完成。
The task assigned, dangerous or otherwise, must be finished .
【答案】 as scheduled
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。中英文对比可知缺少“如期”,可以使用as引导方式状语从句,当从句主语和主句主语一致,且含有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语+be动词,原句应为:as the task is scheduled,省略后为as scheduled。故填①as ②scheduled。
46.如果要求孩子们一次学太多,他们会感到困惑。
if asked to learn too much at a time.
【答案】The children will be confused
【详解】考查形容词。空后为if引导的条件状语从句的省略,当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语和be动词。所以主句的主语为the childhood“孩子们”。句子描述将要发生的事实,所以用一般将来时。主句为主系表结构,“感到困惑的”可以用形容词confused“感到困惑的”,在句中作表语。故填The children will be confused。
47.有人感觉冷吗? 如果没有的话, 我们把窗户打开吧。
Does anyone feel cold? , let’s open the windows.
【答案】If not
【详解】考查固定句型。表示“如果没有的话”可用固定句型if not,引导条件状语从句,是一种省略用法。句首字母大写,故填If not。
48.在备战东京奥运会时,运动员们承受了很大的压力。
the Tokyo Olympic Games, the athletes were under great stress.
【答案】While preparing for
【详解】考查省略句。引导时间状语从句,表示“……时候”应用while,表示“准备”短语为prepare for,主从句主语一致,从句省略主语和be动词,为主动关系,故填While preparing for。
49.在加快工程进度的同时,必须注意质量。
on the project, we must pay attention to ensuring its quality.
【答案】While speeding up work
【详解】考查时间状语从句,时态,主谓一致,固定短语和省略。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“在加快工程进度的同时”,“在……的同时”用while引导的时间状语从句,时态用现在进行时,“加快……的进度”是speed up,“工程”是work,因此while引导的时间状语从句是while we are speeding up work,时间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致,且从句中有be动词时,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,位于句首的单词首字母大写,因此空格处是While speeding up work。故填While speeding up work。
50.初学者在写作的时候出错很自然。
It is natural that beginners make mistakes .
【答案】while writing
【详解】考查省略句。根据中英文提示可知,需要翻译的部分是“在写作的时候”,表示“在……时候”应用while,引导时间状语从句;表示“写作”应用write,此处使用现在进行时,完整的从句是while they are writing,时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中有be动词,可以省略从句的主语和be动词。故填while writing。
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