Unit 1 Nature in the balance Reading-Grammar usage 导学案-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

该高中英语导学案围绕必修三U1核心词汇、短语及阅读语法展开，通过系统梳理词汇词形变化、短语用法搭建学习支架，衔接阅读中的独立主格、倍数表达等语法点，为提升阅读理解力奠定基础。 资料特色在于融合词汇语法夯实与多样化阅读训练，涵盖阅读理解、完形填空等题型，助力学生语言能力提升，通过语法分析、阅读推理培养思维品质，自主学习任务设计有效提升学习能力，促进综合语言运用。

必修三U1 Nature in the balance（第一课时）+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习必修三U1 Reading---Grammar usage中重点词汇用法； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 必修三U1 Nature in the balance Part one词汇 1.harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的→ harmlessly adv.无害地；无恶意地 2.region n．地区，区域；行政区→regional adj.地区的 3.length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→long adj.长的→lengthen v.(使)变长 4.variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v．变化→various adj.多种多样的→variously adv.各种各样地 5.living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式→live v．活着→lively adj.活泼的 6.survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．幸存→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者 7.disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失→appear vi.出现→appearance n.出现 8.agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的 9.extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 10.global adj.全球的；全面的→globe n．球体→globally adv.全球地；全局地 11.application n．应用，运用；申请→apply v．申请；应用→applicant n.申请人 12.organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n．组织者→organized adj.有组织的，系统的；；有条理的 Part two短语 1.do harm to给……带来/造成危害 2.cut down砍倒 3.one in ten十个中有一，十分之一 4.a variety of各种各样的，大量的 5.feed on以……为主食 6.break down使分解为，使变化成 7.due to由于，因为 8.build up扩大，逐渐增加 9.breathe life into给……带来起色 10.in turn相应地，转而 11.be home to是……的栖息地 12.more than多于，超过，不止，非常，很 13.provide...for为……提供…… Part three Reading The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure 亚马孙雨林：一个自然宝藏 1.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France,all on the South American continent. 亚马孙雨林横跨南美大陆上的八个国家，包括巴西和秘鲁，还有法国的一个海外地区。 (1)overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 (2)region n．地区，区域；行政区 (3)continent n．大陆，陆地，洲 (4)all on the South American continent---此句为“代词＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构 【回顾】独立主格结构由两部分组成：名词/代词+非谓语动词(to do/doing/done)或adj.、adv.、prep. 句法功能：在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。 特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。 注意：在“名词+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，名词前面不用加冠词，也不用加其他任何修饰成分。 【单句语法填空】 (1)Everything (accomplish), Jim felt proud. (2)The wind (blow) on my face, the kids flew kites happily. (3)It (be)a holiday, all the shops were shut. (4)I send you 100 dollars today, the rest (follow)in a year. (5)All factors (take)into account,your plan seems to be more reliable. 2.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 面积约为600万平方千米，亚马孙热带雨林的面积是中国面积的一半以上。 (1)with an area of 有……的面积 (2)【句型讲解】倍数的表达方式： ①……倍数＋adj.(或adv.)的比较级＋than ②……倍数＋as＋adj.(或adv.)原级＋as ③……倍数＋the size (length, distance, width, height... )of It was over twice the distance of the earth from the sun.它是地球到太阳距离的两倍多。 (3)“more than+数字”结构中意为“超过，多于”=over 特别提醒： ①“more than one+名词单数”意为“不止一个…”,但作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。有相同用法的还有 many(许多)。 More than one student in that school was admitted to Peking University this year.今年那所学校不止一个学生被北京大学录取了。 ②在“more than+n.”结构中意为"不只是，不仅仅是"。 For many people, fishing is more than sport; it is an art.对很多人来说，钓鱼不只是一项运动，还是一门艺术。 ③在“more than+adj./adv./v.”结构中意为“非常，很”,相当于very (much) 。 Lisa was more than sad to see her friend off at the airport.丽萨很伤心地在机场送别她的朋友。 I’m sure conditions over there will more than satisfy your requirements.我确信，那边的条件会大大满足你的需要。 【拓展】与than相关的其他短语： more…than…与其说倒不如说… not/no more than至多，不超过 less than少于，不足 no less than多达 rather than而不是 other than除……之外 (1)用than的相关短语完成句子 ①It took (不仅仅) money to construct the bridge. It took wisdom, too. ②Facing your problems with courage (而不是) running away from them is the best way to work things out. ③The contract cannot be signed by anyone (除…之外)yourself. (2)单句语法填空 ①This river is three times the (deep) of that one. ②An ordinary train, approaching the station, can be (two) as loud as the loudest jet. ③The plane flew ten times as (height) as the kite. ④The mother elephant is one hundred times (heavy) than the baby elephant. 3.The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 这个热带雨林的名字来源于亚马孙河，其长度将近6 400 千米——比长江长约100千米 (1)length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→long adj.长的 v.渴望→lengthen v.(使)变长 at length详尽地；=in detail; 充分地；最后；终于 in length 在长度上 【拓展】strong→strength→strengthen high→height→heighten wide→width→widen deep→depth→deepen 单句语法填空 ①This room is twice length of the kitchen.　 ②The snake usually reaches a (long) of 100 cm. ③Now I think I need to (length) this skirt. ④I’m really (long) to see you again. (2)roughly adv.粗略地，大约--rough adj.（表面）粗糙的，不平的 (3)本句中from which the rainforest gets its name 是“介词＋which” 引导的定语从句，修饰The Amazon River。 【讲解】“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，不能用that代替which。 类似的结构：“介词＋whom”引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是人。 【注意】“介词＋which/whom”引导定语从句，介词的确定根据以下方面来选择： ①根据句意确定介词；②依据定语从句中动词或形容词等的某种习惯搭配来确定； ③依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定； ④表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 介词填空 (1)Wind power is an ancient source of energy_________ which we may return in the near future. (2)She showed me the dictionary _________ which she paid a lot of money. (3)I would always like to do business with those people _________ whom I can rely. (4)It is important to choose good friends ______whom you can share your feelings and thoughts. (5)It's reported that over 70 different emotions are used in text messages, ________which happiness is the most popular. (6)To my surprise, more than 3,500 people participated in the race, among _____was a disabled man! (7)It consisted of a closed space which people, animals and plants could live together. (8)Look, there comes Tom, whom I have waited for an hour. (9)We went through a period which communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 完成句子 The children, the whole day long, were worn out.孩子们都玩了一整天，筋疲力尽了 4.Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. 在我们已知的39万种植物中，有4万多种在亚马孙雨林可以找到。 【句型讲解】过去分词短语known to man在句中作定语，修饰plants。 过去分词短语作定语表示“被动含义”，必须后置，相当于一个定语从句；单个的过去分词作定语，常位于被修饰词之前，表示“被动或完成”。 练习 (1)Join a bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C. 加入一个有导游引领的自行车旅行，参观华盛顿的一些最受欢迎的纪念碑。 (2)I have something important to say.Can those (seat) at the back hear me? 我有重要的事情要说。坐在后面的那些人能听见我说话吗？ (3)The person (question) by the police gave a detailed description. 被警察询问的那个人给出了详细的描述。 [高级表达] (4)The building which was completed three years ago is now in bad condition.(用非谓语动词改写) The building is now in bad condition. 5.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable varietyof wildlife. 雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。 variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 【归纳用法】 (1)a variety of....＝varieties of.....　多种多样的 variety show 综艺节目 (2)vary vi. 变化；改变 vary from... to... 从……到……变化 vary with 随着……而变化 vary in 在……方面变化/不同 The entertainment styles vary from generation to generation.每代人的娱乐方式各不相同。 (3)various adj. 各种各样的 (4)variously adv.各种各样地 【注意】①“a variety of +复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；②“the variety of+复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式 【类似】a number of..... 许多...(谓语动词复数) the number of... ....的数量(谓语动词单数) 单句语法填空 (1). Rooms vary ___________ size and some are equipped with televisions and telephones. (2). The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call up to discuss ________(vary) issues. (3). The island offers such a wide __________(vary) of scenery and wildlife. (4). Every solid object will reflect a sound, _____________(vary) according to the size and nature of the object. (5)The hotel offers its guests wide variety of amusements. (6)That sort of thing varies person person in African countries. 6.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor． The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. 上面是黑暗森林地面上的成堆的树叶垃圾，下一层级是长着大片叶子的低矮植物。 (1)mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群----massive adj.非常大的；巨大的 【特别提醒】 ①在“the mass of＋名词”作主语的句子中，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致 ②“a mass of/masses of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的形式以of后名词所表达的意义而定。但在there be句型中，可根据就近原则，确定谓语动词的形式。 Masses of customers are entering the supermarket.大批顾客正进入超市。 A mass of snow lies in the yard.院子里积了大量的雪。 There was a mass of children in the yard.在庭院里有很多孩子。 There were masses of dark clouds in the sky.天空布满团团乌云。 (2)Above that is the mass of leaf litter 【句型讲解】本句使用了全部倒装结构，主语为the mass of leaf litter。其正常语序为The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that. 构成完全倒装的条件 ①表示地点或方位的副词有here，there，up，down，out ，in，away；表示时间的副词有now， then；表语以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首。 ②句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come， go， lie， stand等不及物动词。,3句子的主语是名词。如果句子的主语为代词，主谓不倒装 单句语法填空 ①Sitting in the hall (be)the two astronauts who were very young. ②Here (come)a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours. ③On the wall (be)hanging two old paintings. ④Present at the evening party on Thursday (be)our English teacher. ⑤Present at the meeting (be)Professor Smith and his students. ⑥There (be) masses of dark clouds in the sky today. ⑦I think that’s going to be a (mass) thing，at least here in New York. 完成句子 ⑧Under the big tree , who were talking and laughing happily. 大树下坐着一群孩子，他们非常开心地说笑着 ⑨缺席会议的是杰克和汤姆，他们被交通堵塞给困住了 , who were caught in the traffic jam. 7.Then there are the toweringancient hardwoods,and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world,home to different kinds of living things. 然后是高耸的古硬木，最后是离地面几米高的树梢。雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。 (1)towering adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的 towering performance出色的表演 【拓展】tower n.塔楼 vi. tower over/ above 高于；超过；胜过；远远超过 He towered over all his classmates. 他的个儿比班里其他同学都要高。 (2)be home to.... 是……的栖息地/家园 (3)living　adj.活着的，活的；在使用的　n．生计，谋生；生活方式 earn/make a living 谋生=earn one’s living living conditions/standards 生活条件/水准 【区分】living/alive/lively/live ①living“活着的”，与“alive”同义：living people 活着的人=people alive ②alive“活着的，有活力的： bring dinosaurs alive on screen ③lively“活泼的，生气勃勃的；(思想)活跃的；(描写等)生动有趣的”，可指人或物，作定语或表语： a lively discussion热烈的讨论 a lively boy 一个活泼的男孩 ④live“活的”，一般不指人，作前置定语；还可指“现场直播的”：live music现场音乐 选词填空：living/alive/live/lively (1)He was buried __________in the earthquake. (2)The cat was playing with a___________ mouse. (3)The _____________are more important to us than the dead. (4)All the soldiers were killed in the battle. He was the only man ________________. (5)It will be the biggest _______________ concert that we have ever seen. (6)The lessons given by Miss Li are always _______________ and interesting. 8.More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammalshide among the jungle’s plant life. 1 300多种鸟类和400 多种哺乳动物隐藏在雨林的植物生命之中。 9.This jaguar is one example. It has a yellowish­brown coat with black spots.这只美洲豹就是一个例子。 它有着黑色斑点的黄褐色皮毛 (1)mammal n．哺乳动物 (2)jaguar n．美洲豹，美洲虎 (3)spot n. 粉刺；斑点；污渍；地点，场所 vt. (spotted, spotted) 发现，认出，看见，注意到 【常用搭配】on the spot 当场，在现场 spot sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做..... be spotted with 满是...斑点 He had to make a decision on the spot. 他得马上做出决定 练习 (1)When the thief found the police __________ (spot) him, he ran away quickly. (2)She told us the exact spot __________ the accident happened. (3)The police spotted him __________ (drive) a stolen car. 10.While a significantnumber of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain．尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存， 但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 (1)While a significant number of jaguars survive here---此句中，while引导让步状语从句“尽管，虽然” (2)survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难；比……活(或存在)的时间长 survive sth.幸免于；从……活过来 survive on依靠……生活 survive sb.by...比某人多活…… 【拓展】survival n．生存；幸存 ---- survivor n．生还者，幸存者 He was the only person to survive the accident. 他是这次事故的唯一幸存者。 She survived her husband by ten years. 她比她的丈夫多活了10年。 【联想记忆】 refuse → refusal arrive → arrival remove → removal approve → approval propose → proposal 单句语法填空 (1)Mastering some basic skills greatly increases your chances of _________(survive). (2)Last week, thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in________(survive)the terrible flood and they were the only two __________ (survive). (3)My grandma passed away last year and she survived my grandpa __________ ten years. (4)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving entirely discarded (丢弃) food. (5)She was the only one (survive) the plane crash 11.These frogs,in turn,feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 (1)insects which eat leaves and fruit---which引导定语从句 (2)in turn相应地，转而；轮流，依次 The children called out their names in turn. 孩子们依次自报姓名 【归纳拓展】 in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 by turns 轮流；时而……时而…… take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 【类似短语】in return 作为报答；回报 in return for... 作为……的交换；作为……的报答 单句语法填空 ①We clean the classroom every week ______ turn. ②__________ is my turn to clean the room. ③They took turns ____________ (look) after their parents. ④It's my turn ___________(deliver) a speech in public. ⑤They took care of their sick father ____________ turns. ⑥He wanted to do something in return for the kindness that she offered him. ⑦In return, she received a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment. 12.When a jaguar dies,a tiny army of microorganismshelps break downits body and return the nutrients to the earth.一只美洲豹死了的时候，一小群微生物就会帮忙分解它的尸体并将营养物返还给地球。 (1)microorganism n．微生物 (2)an army of.... 一群....; (3)nutrient n营养素，营养物--- nutritious adj.有营养的，营养丰富的 (4)break down使分解; (机器或车辆)坏掉,出故障;(讨论、谈判等)失败;垮掉,崩溃;消除,驱除 Food is broken down in the stomach.食物在胃里被分解。 【拓展break短语】break away (from)脱离，背叛 break out 爆发 break in 打断(谈话) ; 插嘴，打断；破门而入 break through 突破；克服 break into 破门而入 break up 解散；结束; 分手 break off 断开；折断；中断 单句语法填空 ①Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break_____________ in disasters. ②As she was talking, he suddenly broke _____________，saying, “That's a lie!” ③They had escaped to America before the war broke ______________ ④At last the moon broke ________________ the clouds and they could see their way. 13.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气，使得地球生生不息。 (1)carbon n．碳 (2)oxygen n．氧，氧气 (3)breathe life into 给…带来起色， 注入活力 【拓展】 come to life 苏醒过来；变得更有趣 give one's life to do sth./for sth. 为(做)某事献出生命 devote one's life to(doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事 lead/live a(n) ..life 过着…日子/生活 完成句子 ①神话就是靠想象来赋予生命的。 Myths are made for the imagination to __________________________ them. ②他为拯救藏羚羊献出了生命。 He had _______________________________ to save the Tibetan antelope. ③过了很长时间，那位伤员才苏醒过来。 The injured _________________________________ after a long time. ④他致力于教育生活在山区的孩子们。 He__________________________________ the children who lived in the mountainous areas. 14.Over the past 50 years,about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeareddue to human activities such as agricultureand cattle farming. 在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17% 的雨林已经消失了。 (1)Over the past 50 years/over the years---用现在完成时 (2)disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失；失踪→appear v.出现;看来，似乎；表现得…… disappear from view/sight 从视线中消失 disappear in the distance 消失在远处 (3)agriculture n. 农业，农学 → agricultural adj.农业的，农学的 the development of agriculture农业的发展 agricultural societies农业社会 (4)cattle n. 牛 一头牛 one head of cattle 【注意】cattle是复数名词，出现就必须表示复数。如果想表示单数，应该用head来计数。 (5)due to..=because of..=as a result/consequence of...=on account of...= owing to...=because of ... 因为,由于 【归纳拓展】 (be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人 be due to do sth. 预定做某事；预期做某事 I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。 The next train is due to arrive in five minutes. 下一趟火车预计五分钟之后到达 单句语法填空 ①Her failure in the speech was largely due_________ her nervousness. ②Mistakes due to __________ (careless) may cause serious problems. ③The sports meeting, originally due to ____________(hold) last Friday, was finally called off because of the bad weather. ④The match is due to (organize)this Saturday afternoon in the city’s stadium. 15.As the impactof human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinctionbecomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ (1)【句型分析】As the impact of human activities continues to grow---as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着” (2)impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 【归纳】①动词 impact on/upon 对……产生影响 ②名词have an impact/effect/influence on 对......有影响=make a difference to..... the impact of ……的影响 The teacher's words always have a deep impact on the future of the students.老师的话总会对学生的将来产生深远影响。 We become to realize the environmental impact of tourism. 我们逐渐意识到旅游业对环境的影响 Her father's death impacted greatly on/upon her childhood years. 父亲去世对她的童年造成了巨大影响 单句语法填空 ①Every teardown has ____________ impact on the look and feel of a community. ②Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact _____________ the recession. ③One of the most basic core values is honesty. It _____________ (impact) our entire life: our jobs, our relationships, our own feelings about ourselves and the actions we take. (3)in danger of 处于……的危险中 常见的“in＋n.＋of”短语 in need of需要 in case of万一 in place of代替 in spite of尽管 in advance of在……前面 句子练习 ①Some species of birds are extinction now.有些种类的鸟现在处于灭绝的危险中。 ②It is said the new school is skilled teachers.据说，这个新学校需要水平高的老师。 ③Remember to press the red button a fire.如果发生火灾，记住按这个红色按钮。 ④The young man will be Mr Liu tomorrow.明天这个年轻人将要代替刘先生。 ⑤ so many difficulties，the girl will have a try.尽管有这么多困难，女孩也要试一试。 (4)extinction n. 灭绝，绝种-----extinct adj. 不再存在的，已灭绝的 an extinct species一个已灭绝的物种 a tribe in danger of extinction有消亡危险的部落 (5)damage vt. & n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 【归纳拓展】①名词 do/cause damage to　　 对……造成损害 ②动词damage sb.’s career/reputation 损害某人的事业/名誉 be damaged by 遭受到……的破坏 The thunderstorm didn't do much damage. 雷暴并未造成严重损失 Smoking severely damaged his health. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康 【辨析】①damage 指部分性“破坏”“损坏”，可修复 ②destroy 指彻底、不能或很难修复的“破坏”“损坏” ③ruin 指严重的“毁坏”，侧重破坏事物的内在价值。in ruins“毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪” 单句语法填空 ①John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _____________(damage) seriously. ②When a volcano is active, it sometimes explodes and does/causes great damage _______the nearby towns. ③Damage__________(cause) by the earthquake disaster can't be ignored. ④It rained for several weeks, completely (ruin)our holiday. ⑤After he retired，the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from (damage) 阅读理解 Hummingbirds (蜂鸟) are a very important part of Mexico’s ecosystem, but because of the ever-spreading city landscape, they face all sorts of serious dangers. That’s where 73-year-old Catia Lattouf de Arida comes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. Her home in Mexico City has become known as a hummingbird hospital Catia’s story as a hummingbird nurse began in 2011, at a very difficult moment in her life. At that time, she focused on her battle with cancer and fell into a depression (抑郁) . She was walking on the street one day when she noticed a hummingbird that had suffered a serious eye injury. The kindhearted woman took it home and named it Gucci. She managed to nurse Gucci back to health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why? Because the hummingbird managed to pull her out of the sadness and loneliness that had taken over her life. Word of her success spread among Catia’s friends, and before long some of them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. She didn’t repulse them at all. She began to study the bird and their habits in order to better take care of them, and after 11 years of experience, the 73-year-old woman is considered an expert on hummingbirds. In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico, Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. That’s when the need for her nursing services really blew up. She has cared for hundreds of hummingbirds in her 11-year career, when she has had as many as 50 of them in her apartment at any one time. She spends pretty much all her time looking after the tiny birds. 1.Which saying can best show the main idea of the first two paragraphs? A.It is better to give than to take. B.Actions speak louder than words. C.Helping others is helping ourselves. D.A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. 2.What does the underlined word “repulse” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Expect. B.Refuse. C.Accept. D.Recognize 3.When were Catia’s nursing services greatly needed? A.When her friends heard about her success. B.When she was considered as a bird expert. C.After she shared the birds’ videos on the media. D.After she looked after a large number of the birds. 4.According to the text, Catia can be described as ________. A.honest and kind B.generous and creative C.devoted and strict D.caring and responsible　 完形填空 We had two adorable cats named Boo and Scout. Scout ate anything we gave and 46 spending his days in the comfortable sofa while Boo was picky about food and more adventurous. Moreover, Boo was more observant, and he 47 to learn skills very quickly. Though Boo had his daily outdoor 48 , he always returned home at night to sleep in the basement with Scout. Our basement was 49 from the rest of the house by a heavy door. In the morning, I found it difficult to know when Boo was ready to venture outside or when Scout was ready to test the 50 of the couch. Both cats would sit quietly behind the door 51 I happened to remember them or opened the door for some reason. To 52 the door problem, I bought a cat bell with a button. I tried to 53 Boo and Scout to press the button to make a ringing sound when they wanted out. I assumed that Boo would grasp the 54 quickly, but I wasn’t sure if Scout would understand. 55 , within a week, Scout learned to ring the bell. When I heard the 56 , I’d open the door. However, despite my best 57 , Boo wanted to do nothing with the bell. He would always 58 the door to be opened. Fortunately, the two cats solved the door dilemma 59 . Somehow, Boo 60 to rub noses with Scout when he wanted to go outside and Scout would ring the bell for Boo. 46．A．missed B．risked C．avoided D．enjoyed 47．A．seemed B．continued C．pretended D．desired 48．A．options B．holidays C．operations D．adventures 49．A．removed B．separated C．protected D．forbidden 50．A．value B．beauty C．softness D．pressure 51．A．if B．after C．until D．though 52．A．stress B．address C．reflect D．improve 53．A．teach B．force C．remind D．gather 54．A．view B．battle C．skill D．response 55．A．Undoubtedly B．Generally C．Fortunately D．Unexpectedly 56．A．ring B．alarm C．scream D．whisper 57．A．pursuits B．schedules C．efforts D．requirements 58．A．break up B．call on C．knock at D．wait for 59．A．on the scene B．at a loss C．on their own D．as a response 60．A．began B．agreed C．failed D．happened 七选五 Caring for plants is a fantastic skill for kids to have. There are so many benefits of gardening for kids, yet the importance of gardening in early childhood is often undervalued. Here are some reasons why to teach your kids to garden. Gardening makes kids stronger. 1 The simple act of digging in the ground and moving things around helps build muscles and improve hand-eye coordination (协调能力). Gardening is good for kids’ well-being. Studies find that kids who garden have reduced large amounts of anxiety, stress and tend to be in a better mood. 2 We love to see the positive and life-changing experiences plants and gardening bring to kids. 3 Interacting with nature encourages the learning process. In addition to being able to touch the soil and seeds (种子), children can also spot the differences between plants, in terms of size and color, smell different things, and hear sounds of different insects. Gardening is beneficial for picky eaters. 4 Planting seeds, caring for and growing produce and then harvesting it excites a kid’s interest. It’s exciting to introduce a new or disliked food in another way, and over time they will learn to try new foods. Gardening strengthens connection. Through gardening activities, kids grow closer to their parents and make many new friends. 5 A．Gardening helps build teamwork skills. B．Gardening activates kids’ sensory skills. C．It is the perfect activity for growing bodies. D．Learning to garden can be very tiring for children. E．Spending time outdoors in nature can bring a sense of well-being. F．Kids are more likely to eat the vegetables and fruit they’ve helped grow. G．They also develop a connection to the earth and a need to care for our planet. 综合填空一 Parental Instincts Last year in early summer, I was walking up the hill to my house in suburban Brisbane when I saw two birds, each about 6 centimeters tall, standing in my driveway. They didn’t seem to notice me 11 I was right in front of them and then they immediately flew into the nearby bushes. It was the first time that I 12 (see) two special birds make a nest in my front yard. I hadn’t really expected them to as wild birds don’t usually nest so close. A few weeks later, the birds reappeared. I found them crouching beside a tree off to the side of my driveway. As I approached them, I imagined they would run away like they did last time, but instead, they 13 (stick) out their heads and made a threatening croaking sound 14 came from deep inside their throats. I did some research and found that the birds are burhinus grallarius (长尾石鸡). I still didn’t know 15 they were croaking at me until a short time later I made an amazing discovery: they had laid two eggs which hatched into two small birds racing around now. As I crept towards the birds, careful not to make any sudden movement, they started their croaking again, 16 (stretch) their necks forwards so they seemed longer and more threatening. I was watching them in awe when I suddenly tripped and fell to the ground. The birds took this 17 a threat and the father raced towards me, spreading his wings to shield the mother and the chicks while making 18 (it) appear larger. To them, my appearance was likely to be 19 (frighten), so I left quickly. I was amazed by their brave actions. It was their parental instincts that did 20 (wonder) and made them so courageous. It is hard not to be awed by nature. 综合填空二 It’s been nearly seven years since a group of volunteers grew flowers at What Cheer Flower Farm in Rhode Island, with a simple goal: get flowers into the hands of anyone in need. Best of all, each one of the tens of thousands of flowers that What Cheer grows and 41 (delivery) are completely free of charge. What Cheer was founded by two gardeners 42 often gave away flowers from their own gardens and wanted the idea to grow. What Cheer 43 (regular)brings joy to people at local hospitals, wishing them a quick 44 (recover). “Seeing the 45 (satisfy)smiles on people’s faces who weren’t expecting it is great,” says Stephen Hogan Jr. from the farm. What Cheer’s flower beds lie in an industrial neighborhood that once 46 (house)a knife factory. In May, the nonprofit was awarded 47 $500, 000 prize from the Environmental Protection Agency for its continued efforts 48 (bring)life to the once polluted land. “Not only do we give this space back to the neighborhood,” says Achen, “but we are also an eco-friendly spot with the ability to help local insect and bird 49 (population), and that’ll only make people’s lives better.” What cheer indeed can cheer people 50 !What’s good about a flower is that it doesn’t need anything else. Your only job when someone gives you flowers is to enjoy them. 读后续写:阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My husband, my sister, and I were on a job at a new customer’s house. We were fixing expensive flooring throughout some of the main living areas of his home, which included installing (安装) some on the first floor and some downstairs in the basement. The owner let us know that he was leaving for work and that a cat was hiding somewhere in the house. He told us not to let it out, because he had lost two cats already. After about an hour, my sister Candice went outside to get more boxes of flooring. When she came back, I opened the door to let her in since she had her hands full. As she walked through the door, out ran the owner's cat that wasn't supposed to be let outside. So we all stopped what we were doing and tried to round up this fast cat. Unfortunately, we couldn't catch up with it. After calling for the missing cat and pacing the long driveway madly for twenty minutes without noticing it, we decided there was nothing more we could do. We went back to work on the floor, hoping the cat would come back finally. We hoped that the owner would never even know it was gone! And, sure enough, after thirty minutes, the cat scratched (抓) at the back door to be let in. We put it in the basement, where it couldn't get away again. Then I heard another scratch at the back door. I looked outside, and it seemed like the exact same cat, which puzzled (使迷惑) me. I was almost certain that cat couldn’t have gotten out again. But, against my better judgment, I figured that maybe someone had accidentally let it out. And since both my husband and sister were now downstairs working on the basement floor, I couldn’t ask them. I decided to let the cat in through the kitchen door, so it could go back downstairs. After about thirty more minutes, I went downstairs to work on the basement floor as my sister and husband came up to work on the first floor. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Then, they met the same thing that happened to me! A cat came scratching at the door again, looking the same as the one we had caught and put downstairs before. Like me, they thought it was the same cat and figured it had gotten out again. So, they decided to put it back downstairs. After a while, we heard a big noise in the basement. They rushed downstairs and we went to check what had happened. To our surprise, we saw a huge mess and three black-and-white cats fighting with each other. We managed to separate the three cats. Peace returned to the basement. But before we could sort that out, the owner arrived. We told him what had happened while he was away and that he now had three cats instead of one. We were waiting for his complaint. However, he was very happy, saying, “Thank you. You helped me find the other two cats that I had lost.” We looked at each other, laughing. The owner paid us more in the end, not only for our installation work, but also for finding the cats. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修三U1 Nature in the balance（第一课时）+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习必修三U1 Reading---Grammar usage中重点词汇用法； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 必修三U1 Nature in the balance Part one词汇 1.harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的→ harmlessly adv.无害地；无恶意地 2.region n．地区，区域；行政区→regional adj.地区的 3.length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→long adj.长的→lengthen v.(使)变长 4.variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v．变化→various adj.多种多样的→variously adv.各种各样地 5.living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式→live v．活着→lively adj.活泼的 6.survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．幸存→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者 7.disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失→appear vi.出现→appearance n.出现 8.agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的 9.extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 10.global adj.全球的；全面的→globe n．球体→globally adv.全球地；全局地 11.application n．应用，运用；申请→apply v．申请；应用→applicant n.申请人 12.organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n．组织者→organized adj.有组织的，系统的；；有条理的 Part two短语 1.do harm to给……带来/造成危害 2.cut down砍倒 3.one in ten十个中有一，十分之一 4.a variety of各种各样的，大量的 5.feed on以……为主食 6.break down使分解为，使变化成 7.due to由于，因为 8.build up扩大，逐渐增加 9.breathe life into给……带来起色 10.in turn相应地，转而 11.be home to是……的栖息地 12.more than多于，超过，不止，非常，很 13.provide...for为……提供…… Part three Reading The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure 亚马孙雨林：一个自然宝藏 1.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France,all on the South American continent. 亚马孙雨林横跨南美大陆上的八个国家，包括巴西和秘鲁，还有法国的一个海外地区。 (1)overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 (2)region n．地区，区域；行政区 (3)continent n．大陆，陆地，洲 (4)all on the South American continent---此句为“代词＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构 【回顾】独立主格结构由两部分组成：名词/代词+非谓语动词(to do/doing/done)或adj.、adv.、prep. 句法功能：在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。 特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。 注意：在“名词+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，名词前面不用加冠词，也不用加其他任何修饰成分。 【单句语法填空】 (1)Everything accomplished (accomplish), Jim felt proud. (2)The wind (blow) on my face, the kids flew kites happily. blowing (3)It (be)a holiday, all the shops were shut. being (4)I send you 100 dollars today, the rest (follow)in a year. to follow (5)All factors (take)into account,your plan seems to be more reliable. taken 2.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 面积约为600万平方千米，亚马孙热带雨林的面积是中国面积的一半以上。 (1)with an area of 有……的面积 (2)【句型讲解】倍数的表达方式： ①……倍数＋adj.(或adv.)的比较级＋than ②……倍数＋as＋adj.(或adv.)原级＋as ③……倍数＋the size (length, distance, width, height... )of It was over twice the distance of the earth from the sun.它是地球到太阳距离的两倍多。 (3)“more than+数字”结构中意为“超过，多于”=over 特别提醒： ①“more than one+名词单数”意为“不止一个…”,但作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。有相同用法的还有 many(许多)。 More than one student in that school was admitted to Peking University this year.今年那所学校不止一个学生被北京大学录取了。 ②在“more than+n.”结构中意为"不只是，不仅仅是"。 For many people, fishing is more than sport; it is an art.对很多人来说，钓鱼不只是一项运动，还是一门艺术。 ③在“more than+adj./adv./v.”结构中意为“非常，很”,相当于very (much) 。 Lisa was more than sad to see her friend off at the airport.丽萨很伤心地在机场送别她的朋友。 I’m sure conditions over there will more than satisfy your requirements.我确信，那边的条件会大大满足你的需要。 【拓展】与than相关的其他短语： more…than…与其说倒不如说… not/no more than至多，不超过 less than少于，不足 no less than多达 rather than而不是 other than除……之外 (1)用than的相关短语完成句子 ①It took (不仅仅) money to construct the bridge. It took wisdom, too. ②Facing your problems with courage (而不是) running away from them is the best way to work things out. ③The contract cannot be signed by anyone (除…之外)yourself. ①more than ②rather than ③other than (2)单句语法填空 ①This river is three times the depth (deep) of that one. ②An ordinary train, approaching the station，can be twice (two) as loud as the loudest jet. ③The plane flew ten times as high (height) as the kite. ④The mother elephant is one hundred times heavier (heavy) than the baby elephant. 3.The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 这个热带雨林的名字来源于亚马孙河，其长度将近6 400 千米——比长江长约100千米 (1)length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→long adj.长的 v.渴望→lengthen v.(使)变长 at length详尽地；=in detail; 充分地；最后；终于 in length 在长度上 【拓展】strong→strength→strengthen high→height→heighten wide→width→widen deep→depth→deepen 单句语法填空 ①This room is twice the length of the kitchen.　 ②The snake usually reaches a length (long) of 100 cm. ③Now I think I need to lengthen (length) this skirt. ④I’m really longing (long) to see you again. (2)roughly adv.粗略地，大约--rough adj.（表面）粗糙的，不平的 (3)本句中from which the rainforest gets its name 是“介词＋which” 引导的定语从句，修饰The Amazon River。 【讲解】“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，不能用that代替which。 类似的结构：“介词＋whom”引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是人。 【注意】“介词＋which/whom”引导定语从句，介词的确定根据以下方面来选择： ①根据句意确定介词；②依据定语从句中动词或形容词等的某种习惯搭配来确定； ③依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定； ④表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 介词填空 (1)Wind power is an ancient source of energy_________ which we may return in the near future. (2)She showed me the dictionary _________ which she paid a lot of money. (3)I would always like to do business with those people _________ whom I can rely. (4)It is important to choose good friends ______whom you can share your feelings and thoughts. (5)It's reported that over 70 different emotions are used in text messages, ________which happiness is the most popular. (6)To my surprise, more than 3,500 people participated in the race, among _____was a disabled man! 1. to（return to...“回归到……”）2. for（pay...for...“为……付款”） 3. on（rely on...“依靠……”）4. with（share...with...“与……分享”） 5. among（among which 引导定语从句，表示“在这些之中”） 6. whom（先行词 3,500 people 在从句中作 among 的宾语，用 whom (7)It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together.它由一个封闭的空间组成，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起 (8)Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have waited for an hour. 瞧，汤姆来啦，我等他等了一个小时。 (9)We went through a period in which communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 完成句子 The children，all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.孩子们都玩了一整天，筋疲力尽了 4.Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. 在我们已知的39万种植物中，有4万多种在亚马孙雨林可以找到。 【句型讲解】过去分词短语known to man在句中作定语，修饰plants。 过去分词短语作定语表示“被动含义”，必须后置，相当于一个定语从句；单个的过去分词作定语，常位于被修饰词之前，表示“被动或完成”。 练习 (1)Join a bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C. 加入一个有导游引领的自行车旅行，参观华盛顿的一些最受欢迎的纪念碑。 (2)I have something important to say.Can those (seat) at the back hear me? 我有重要的事情要说。坐在后面的那些人能听见我说话吗？ (3)The person (question) by the police gave a detailed description. 被警察询问的那个人给出了详细的描述。 [高级表达] (4)The building which was completed three years ago is now in bad condition.(用非谓语动词改写) The building is now in bad condition. 【答案】1.guided 2.seated3.questioned4. completed three years ago 5.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable varietyof wildlife. 雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。 variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 【归纳用法】 (1)a variety of....＝varieties of.....　多种多样的 variety show 综艺节目 (2)vary vi. 变化；改变 vary from... to... 从……到……变化 vary with 随着……而变化 vary in 在……方面变化/不同 The entertainment styles vary from generation to generation.每代人的娱乐方式各不相同。 (3)various adj. 各种各样的 (4)variously adv.各种各样地 【注意】①“a variety of +复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；②“the variety of+复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式 【类似】a number of..... 许多...(谓语动词复数) the number of... ....的数量(谓语动词单数) 单句语法填空 (1). Rooms vary ___________ size and some are equipped with televisions and telephones. (2). The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call up to discuss ________(vary) issues. (3). The island offers such a wide __________(vary) of scenery and wildlife. (4). Every solid object will reflect a sound, _____________(vary) according to the size and nature of the object. Key: (1). in (2). various (3). variety (4). varying (5)The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements. (6)That sort of thing varies from person to person in African countries. 6.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor． The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. 上面是黑暗森林地面上的成堆的树叶垃圾，下一层级是长着大片叶子的低矮植物。 (1)mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群----massive adj.非常大的；巨大的 【特别提醒】 ①在“the mass of＋名词”作主语的句子中，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致 ②“a mass of/masses of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的形式以of后名词所表达的意义而定。但在there be句型中，可根据就近原则，确定谓语动词的形式。 Masses of customers are entering the supermarket.大批顾客正进入超市。 A mass of snow lies in the yard.院子里积了大量的雪。 There was a mass of children in the yard.在庭院里有很多孩子。 There were masses of dark clouds in the sky.天空布满团团乌云。 (2)Above that is the mass of leaf litter 【句型讲解】本句使用了全部倒装结构，主语为the mass of leaf litter。其正常语序为The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that. 构成完全倒装的条件 ①表示地点或方位的副词有here，there，up，down，out ，in，away；表示时间的副词有now， then；表语以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首。 ②句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come， go， lie， stand等不及物动词。,3句子的主语是名词。如果句子的主语为代词，主谓不倒装 单句语法填空 ①Sitting in the hall were(be)the two astronauts who were very young. ②Here comes(come)a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours. ③On the wall are(be)hanging two old paintings. ④Present at the evening party on Thursday was(be)our English teacher. ⑤Present at the meeting were(be)Professor Smith and his students. ⑥There (be) masses of dark clouds in the sky today. are ⑦I think that’s going to be a (mass) thing，at least here in New York. massive 完成句子 ⑧Under the big tree sat a group of children，who were talking and laughing happily. 大树下坐着一群孩子，他们非常开心地说笑着 ⑨缺席会议的是杰克和汤姆，他们被交通堵塞给困住了 Absent from the meeting were Tom and Jack, who were caught in the traffic jam. 7.Then there are the toweringancient hardwoods,and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world,home to different kinds of living things. 然后是高耸的古硬木，最后是离地面几米高的树梢。雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。 (1)towering adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的 towering performance出色的表演 【拓展】tower n.塔楼 vi. tower over/ above 高于；超过；胜过；远远超过 He towered over all his classmates. 他的个儿比班里其他同学都要高。 (2)be home to.... 是……的栖息地/家园 (3)living　adj.活着的，活的；在使用的　n．生计，谋生；生活方式 earn/make a living 谋生=earn one’s living living conditions/standards 生活条件/水准 【区分】living/alive/lively/live ①living“活着的”，与“alive”同义：living people 活着的人=people alive ②alive“活着的，有活力的： bring dinosaurs alive on screen ③lively“活泼的，生气勃勃的；(思想)活跃的；(描写等)生动有趣的”，可指人或物，作定语或表语： a lively discussion热烈的讨论 a lively boy 一个活泼的男孩 ④live“活的”，一般不指人，作前置定语；还可指“现场直播的”：live music现场音乐 选词填空：living/alive/live/lively (1)He was buried __________in the earthquake. (2)The cat was playing with a___________ mouse. (3)The _____________are more important to us than the dead. (4)All the soldiers were killed in the battle. He was the only man ________________. (5)It will be the biggest _______________ concert that we have ever seen. (6)The lessons given by Miss Li are always _______________ and interesting. Key: (1). alive (2). live (3). living (4). alive (5). live （6). lively 8.More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammalshide among the jungle’s plant life. 1 300多种鸟类和400 多种哺乳动物隐藏在雨林的植物生命之中。 9.This jaguar is one example. It has a yellowish­brown coat with black spots.这只美洲豹就是一个例子。 它有着黑色斑点的黄褐色皮毛 (1)mammal n．哺乳动物 (2)jaguar n．美洲豹，美洲虎 (3)spot n. 粉刺；斑点；污渍；地点，场所 vt. (spotted, spotted) 发现，认出，看见，注意到 【常用搭配】on the spot 当场，在现场 spot sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做..... be spotted with 满是...斑点 He had to make a decision on the spot. 他得马上做出决定 练习 (1)When the thief found the police __________ (spot) him, he ran away quickly. (2)She told us the exact spot __________ the accident happened. (3)The police spotted him __________ (drive) a stolen car. 1. had spotted 2. where 3. driving 10.While a significantnumber of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain．尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存， 但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 (1)While a significant number of jaguars survive here---此句中，while引导让步状语从句“尽管，虽然” (2)survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难；比……活(或存在)的时间长 survive sth.幸免于；从……活过来 survive on依靠……生活 survive sb.by...比某人多活…… 【拓展】survival n．生存；幸存 ---- survivor n．生还者，幸存者 He was the only person to survive the accident. 他是这次事故的唯一幸存者。 She survived her husband by ten years. 她比她的丈夫多活了10年。 【联想记忆】 refuse → refusal arrive → arrival remove → removal approve → approval propose → proposal 单句语法填空 (1)Mastering some basic skills greatly increases your chances of _________(survive). (2)Last week, thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in________(survive)the terrible flood and they were the only two __________ (survive). (3)My grandma passed away last year and she survived my grandpa __________ ten years. Key: (1). survival (2). surviving; survivors (3). by (4)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving entirely on discarded (丢弃) food. (5)She was the only one to survive (survive) the plane crash 11.These frogs,in turn,feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 (1)insects which eat leaves and fruit---which引导定语从句 (2)in turn相应地，转而；轮流，依次 The children called out their names in turn. 孩子们依次自报姓名 【归纳拓展】 in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 by turns 轮流；时而……时而…… take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 【类似短语】in return 作为报答；回报 in return for... 作为……的交换；作为……的报答 单句语法填空 ①We clean the classroom every week ______ turn. ②__________ is my turn to clean the room. ③They took turns ____________ (look) after their parents. ④It's my turn ___________(deliver) a speech in public. ⑤They took care of their sick father ____________ turns. ⑥He wanted to do something in return for the kindness that she offered him. ⑦In return, she received a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment. Key: ①. in ②. It ③. to look ④. to deliver ⑤. by 12.When a jaguar dies,a tiny army of microorganismshelps break downits body and return the nutrients to the earth.一只美洲豹死了的时候，一小群微生物就会帮忙分解它的尸体并将营养物返还给地球。 (1)microorganism n．微生物 (2)an army of.... 一群....; (3)nutrient n营养素，营养物--- nutritious adj.有营养的，营养丰富的 (4)break down使分解; (机器或车辆)坏掉,出故障;(讨论、谈判等)失败;垮掉,崩溃;消除,驱除 Food is broken down in the stomach.食物在胃里被分解。 【拓展break短语】break away (from)脱离，背叛 break out 爆发 break in 打断(谈话) ; 插嘴，打断；破门而入 break through 突破；克服 break into 破门而入 break up 解散；结束; 分手 break off 断开；折断；中断 单句语法填空 ①Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break_____________ in disasters. ②As she was talking, he suddenly broke _____________，saying, “That's a lie!” ③They had escaped to America before the war broke ______________ ④At last the moon broke ________________ the clouds and they could see their way. ①down ②in ③out ④through 13.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气，使得地球生生不息。 (1)carbon n．碳 (2)oxygen n．氧，氧气 (3)breathe life into 给…带来起色， 注入活力 【拓展】 come to life 苏醒过来；变得更有趣 give one's life to do sth./for sth. 为(做)某事献出生命 devote one's life to(doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事 lead/live a(n) ..life 过着…日子/生活 完成句子 ①神话就是靠想象来赋予生命的。 Myths are made for the imagination to __________________________ them. ②他为拯救藏羚羊献出了生命。 He had _______________________________ to save the Tibetan antelope. ③过了很长时间，那位伤员才苏醒过来。 The injured _________________________________ after a long time. ④他致力于教育生活在山区的孩子们。 He__________________________________ the children who lived in the mountainous areas. Key: ①. breathe life into ②. given his life ③. came to life ④. devoted his life to teaching 14.Over the past 50 years,about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeareddue to human activities such as agricultureand cattle farming. 在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17% 的雨林已经消失了。 (1)Over the past 50 years/over the years---用现在完成时 (2)disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失；失踪→appear v.出现;看来，似乎；表现得…… disappear from view/sight 从视线中消失 disappear in the distance 消失在远处 (3)agriculture n. 农业，农学 → agricultural adj.农业的，农学的 the development of agriculture农业的发展 agricultural societies农业社会 (4)cattle n. 牛 一头牛 one head of cattle 【注意】cattle是复数名词，出现就必须表示复数。如果想表示单数，应该用head来计数。 (5)due to..=because of..=as a result/consequence of...=on account of...= owing to...=because of ... 因为,由于 【归纳拓展】 (be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人 be due to do sth. 预定做某事；预期做某事 I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。 The next train is due to arrive in five minutes. 下一趟火车预计五分钟之后到达 单句语法填空 ①Her failure in the speech was largely due_________ her nervousness. ②Mistakes due to __________ (careless) may cause serious problems. ③The sports meeting, originally due to ____________(hold) last Friday, was finally called off because of the bad weather. Key: (1). to (2). carelessness (3). be held ④The match is due to be organized (organize)this Saturday afternoon in the city’s stadium. 15.As the impactof human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinctionbecomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ (1)【句型分析】As the impact of human activities continues to grow---as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着” (2)impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 【归纳】①动词 impact on/upon 对……产生影响 ②名词have an impact/effect/influence on 对......有影响=make a difference to..... the impact of ……的影响 The teacher's words always have a deep impact on the future of the students.老师的话总会对学生的将来产生深远影响。 We become to realize the environmental impact of tourism. 我们逐渐意识到旅游业对环境的影响 Her father's death impacted greatly on/upon her childhood years. 父亲去世对她的童年造成了巨大影响 单句语法填空 ①Every teardown has ____________ impact on the look and feel of a community. ②Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact _____________ the recession. ③One of the most basic core values is honesty. It _____________ (impact) our entire life: our jobs, our relationships, our own feelings about ourselves and the actions we take. ①. an ②. of ③. impacts (3)in danger of 处于……的危险中 常见的“in＋n.＋of”短语 in need of需要 in case of万一 in place of代替 in spite of尽管 in advance of在……前面 句子练习 ①Some species of birds are extinction now.有些种类的鸟现在处于灭绝的危险中。 ②It is said the new school is skilled teachers.据说，这个新学校需要水平高的老师。 ③Remember to press the red button a fire.如果发生火灾，记住按这个红色按钮。 ④The young man will be Mr Liu tomorrow.明天这个年轻人将要代替刘先生。 ⑤ so many difficulties，the girl will have a try.尽管有这么多困难，女孩也要试一试。 【答案】1.in danger of2.in need of3.in case of 4.in place of5.In spite of (4)extinction n. 灭绝，绝种-----extinct adj. 不再存在的，已灭绝的 an extinct species一个已灭绝的物种 a tribe in danger of extinction有消亡危险的部落 (5)damage vt. & n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 【归纳拓展】①名词 do/cause damage to　　 对……造成损害 ②动词damage sb.’s career/reputation 损害某人的事业/名誉 be damaged by 遭受到……的破坏 The thunderstorm didn't do much damage. 雷暴并未造成严重损失 Smoking severely damaged his health. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康 【辨析】①damage 指部分性“破坏”“损坏”，可修复 ②destroy 指彻底、不能或很难修复的“破坏”“损坏” ③ruin 指严重的“毁坏”，侧重破坏事物的内在价值。in ruins“毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪” 单句语法填空 ①John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _____________(damage) seriously. ②When a volcano is active, it sometimes explodes and does/causes great damage _______the nearby towns. ③Damage__________(cause) by the earthquake disaster can't be ignored. ①had been damaged ②to ③caused ④It rained for several weeks, completely ruining (ruin)our holiday. ⑤After he retired，the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from being damaged (damage) 阅读理解 Hummingbirds (蜂鸟) are a very important part of Mexico’s ecosystem, but because of the ever-spreading city landscape, they face all sorts of serious dangers. That’s where 73-year-old Catia Lattouf de Arida comes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. Her home in Mexico City has become known as a hummingbird hospital Catia’s story as a hummingbird nurse began in 2011, at a very difficult moment in her life. At that time, she focused on her battle with cancer and fell into a depression (抑郁) . She was walking on the street one day when she noticed a hummingbird that had suffered a serious eye injury. The kindhearted woman took it home and named it Gucci. She managed to nurse Gucci back to health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why? Because the hummingbird managed to pull her out of the sadness and loneliness that had taken over her life. Word of her success spread among Catia’s friends, and before long some of them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. She didn’t repulse them at all. She began to study the bird and their habits in order to better take care of them, and after 11 years of experience, the 73-year-old woman is considered an expert on hummingbirds. In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico, Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. That’s when the need for her nursing services really blew up. She has cared for hundreds of hummingbirds in her 11-year career, when she has had as many as 50 of them in her apartment at any one time. She spends pretty much all her time looking after the tiny birds. 1.Which saying can best show the main idea of the first two paragraphs? A.It is better to give than to take. B.Actions speak louder than words. C.Helping others is helping ourselves. D.A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. 2.What does the underlined word “repulse” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Expect. B.Refuse. C.Accept. D.Recognize 3.When were Catia’s nursing services greatly needed? A.When her friends heard about her success. B.When she was considered as a bird expert. C.After she shared the birds’ videos on the media. D.After she looked after a large number of the birds. 4.According to the text, Catia can be described as ________. A.honest and kind B.generous and creative C.devoted and strict D.caring and responsible　 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 完形填空 We had two adorable cats named Boo and Scout. Scout ate anything we gave and 46 spending his days in the comfortable sofa while Boo was picky about food and more adventurous. Moreover, Boo was more observant, and he 47 to learn skills very quickly. Though Boo had his daily outdoor 48 , he always returned home at night to sleep in the basement with Scout. Our basement was 49 from the rest of the house by a heavy door. In the morning, I found it difficult to know when Boo was ready to venture outside or when Scout was ready to test the 50 of the couch. Both cats would sit quietly behind the door 51 I happened to remember them or opened the door for some reason. To 52 the door problem, I bought a cat bell with a button. I tried to 53 Boo and Scout to press the button to make a ringing sound when they wanted out. I assumed that Boo would grasp the 54 quickly, but I wasn’t sure if Scout would understand. 55 , within a week, Scout learned to ring the bell. When I heard the 56 , I’d open the door. However, despite my best 57 , Boo wanted to do nothing with the bell. He would always 58 the door to be opened. Fortunately, the two cats solved the door dilemma 59 . Somehow, Boo 60 to rub noses with Scout when he wanted to go outside and Scout would ring the bell for Boo. 46．A．missed B．risked C．avoided D．enjoyed 47．A．seemed B．continued C．pretended D．desired 48．A．options B．holidays C．operations D．adventures 49．A．removed B．separated C．protected D．forbidden 50．A．value B．beauty C．softness D．pressure 51．A．if B．after C．until D．though 52．A．stress B．address C．reflect D．improve 53．A．teach B．force C．remind D．gather 54．A．view B．battle C．skill D．response 55．A．Undoubtedly B．Generally C．Fortunately D．Unexpectedly 56．A．ring B．alarm C．scream D．whisper 57．A．pursuits B．schedules C．efforts D．requirements 58．A．break up B．call on C．knock at D．wait for 59．A．on the scene B．at a loss C．on their own D．as a response 60．A．began B．agreed C．failed D．happened 46．D 47．A 48．D 49．B 50．C 51．C 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．D 56．A 57．C 58．D 59．C 60．A 七选五 Caring for plants is a fantastic skill for kids to have. There are so many benefits of gardening for kids, yet the importance of gardening in early childhood is often undervalued. Here are some reasons why to teach your kids to garden. Gardening makes kids stronger. 1 The simple act of digging in the ground and moving things around helps build muscles and improve hand-eye coordination (协调能力). Gardening is good for kids’ well-being. Studies find that kids who garden have reduced large amounts of anxiety, stress and tend to be in a better mood. 2 We love to see the positive and life-changing experiences plants and gardening bring to kids. 3 Interacting with nature encourages the learning process. In addition to being able to touch the soil and seeds (种子), children can also spot the differences between plants, in terms of size and color, smell different things, and hear sounds of different insects. Gardening is beneficial for picky eaters. 4 Planting seeds, caring for and growing produce and then harvesting it excites a kid’s interest. It’s exciting to introduce a new or disliked food in another way, and over time they will learn to try new foods. Gardening strengthens connection. Through gardening activities, kids grow closer to their parents and make many new friends. 5 A．Gardening helps build teamwork skills. B．Gardening activates kids’ sensory skills. C．It is the perfect activity for growing bodies. D．Learning to garden can be very tiring for children. E．Spending time outdoors in nature can bring a sense of well-being. F．Kids are more likely to eat the vegetables and fruit they’ve helped grow. G．They also develop a connection to the earth and a need to care for our planet. 1．C 2．E 3．B 4．F 5．G 综合填空一 Parental Instincts Last year in early summer, I was walking up the hill to my house in suburban Brisbane when I saw two birds, each about 6 centimeters tall, standing in my driveway. They didn’t seem to notice me 11 I was right in front of them and then they immediately flew into the nearby bushes. It was the first time that I 12 (see) two special birds make a nest in my front yard. I hadn’t really expected them to as wild birds don’t usually nest so close. A few weeks later, the birds reappeared. I found them crouching beside a tree off to the side of my driveway. As I approached them, I imagined they would run away like they did last time, but instead, they 13 (stick) out their heads and made a threatening croaking sound 14 came from deep inside their throats. I did some research and found that the birds are burhinus grallarius (长尾石鸡). I still didn’t know 15 they were croaking at me until a short time later I made an amazing discovery: they had laid two eggs which hatched into two small birds racing around now. As I crept towards the birds, careful not to make any sudden movement, they started their croaking again, 16 (stretch) their necks forwards so they seemed longer and more threatening. I was watching them in awe when I suddenly tripped and fell to the ground. The birds took this 17 a threat and the father raced towards me, spreading his wings to shield the mother and the chicks while making 18 (it) appear larger. To them, my appearance was likely to be 19 (frighten), so I left quickly. I was amazed by their brave actions. It was their parental instincts that did 20 (wonder) and made them so courageous. It is hard not to be awed by nature. 11．until 12．had seen 13．stuck 14．which/that 15．why 16．stretching 17．as 18．itself 19．frightening 20．wonders 综合填空二 It’s been nearly seven years since a group of volunteers grew flowers at What Cheer Flower Farm in Rhode Island, with a simple goal: get flowers into the hands of anyone in need. Best of all, each one of the tens of thousands of flowers that What Cheer grows and 41 (delivery) are completely free of charge. What Cheer was founded by two gardeners 42 often gave away flowers from their own gardens and wanted the idea to grow. What Cheer 43 (regular)brings joy to people at local hospitals, wishing them a quick 44 (recover). “Seeing the 45 (satisfy)smiles on people’s faces who weren’t expecting it is great,” says Stephen Hogan Jr. from the farm. What Cheer’s flower beds lie in an industrial neighborhood that once 46 (house)a knife factory. In May, the nonprofit was awarded 47 $500, 000 prize from the Environmental Protection Agency for its continued efforts 48 (bring)life to the once polluted land. “Not only do we give this space back to the neighborhood,” says Achen, “but we are also an eco-friendly spot with the ability to help local insect and bird 49 (population), and that’ll only make people’s lives better.” What cheer indeed can cheer people 50 !What’s good about a flower is that it doesn’t need anything else. Your only job when someone gives you flowers is to enjoy them. 41．delivers 42．who/that 43．regularly 44．recovery 45．satisfied 46．housed 47．a 48．to bring 49．populations 50．up 读后续写:阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My husband, my sister, and I were on a job at a new customer’s house. We were fixing expensive flooring throughout some of the main living areas of his home, which included installing (安装) some on the first floor and some downstairs in the basement. The owner let us know that he was leaving for work and that a cat was hiding somewhere in the house. He told us not to let it out, because he had lost two cats already. After about an hour, my sister Candice went outside to get more boxes of flooring. When she came back, I opened the door to let her in since she had her hands full. As she walked through the door, out ran the owner's cat that wasn't supposed to be let outside. So we all stopped what we were doing and tried to round up this fast cat. Unfortunately, we couldn't catch up with it. After calling for the missing cat and pacing the long driveway madly for twenty minutes without noticing it, we decided there was nothing more we could do. We went back to work on the floor, hoping the cat would come back finally. We hoped that the owner would never even know it was gone! And, sure enough, after thirty minutes, the cat scratched (抓) at the back door to be let in. We put it in the basement, where it couldn't get away again. Then I heard another scratch at the back door. I looked outside, and it seemed like the exact same cat, which puzzled (使迷惑) me. I was almost certain that cat couldn’t have gotten out again. But, against my better judgment, I figured that maybe someone had accidentally let it out. And since both my husband and sister were now downstairs working on the basement floor, I couldn’t ask them. I decided to let the cat in through the kitchen door, so it could go back downstairs. After about thirty more minutes, I went downstairs to work on the basement floor as my sister and husband came up to work on the first floor. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Then, they met the same thing that happened to me! A cat came scratching at the door again, looking the same as the one we had caught and put downstairs before. Like me, they thought it was the same cat and figured it had gotten out again. So, they decided to put it back downstairs. After a while, we heard a big noise in the basement. They rushed downstairs and we went to check what had happened. To our surprise, we saw a huge mess and three black-and-white cats fighting with each other. We managed to separate the three cats. Peace returned to the basement. But before we could sort that out, the owner arrived. We told him what had happened while he was away and that he now had three cats instead of one. We were waiting for his complaint. However, he was very happy, saying, “Thank you. You helped me find the other two cats that I had lost.” We looked at each other, laughing. The owner paid us more in the end, not only for our installation work, but also for finding the cats. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和妹妹在客户家干活的时候，客户要求不能让家里的猫跑出去，因为他家已经跑丢了两只猫。结果作者和妹妹没有看好，客户家的猫跑了出去，他们没能把猫抓回来。猫之后自己回家了，却回来了三只黑白相间的猫，最后客户说都是他自己家的猫。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“然后，他们遇到了和我一样的事情！”可知，第一段可描写他们抓了三只猫到地下室，三只黑白相间的猫在打架。 ②由第二段首句内容“我们设法把三只猫分开了”可知，第二段可描写客户说猫都是自己的，十分高兴。 2.续写线索：又来一只猫——放到地下室——三只猫打架——顾客解释——付更多钱 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①急忙：rush/hurry ②告诉：tell/inform ③认为：think/consider 情绪类 ①高兴：happy/pleased ②惊讶：surprise/astonishment 【点睛】[高分句型1] But before we could sort that out, the owner arrived. (运用了before引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] We looked at each other, laughing. (运用了现在分词作状语) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $