第12讲 Unit 6 Living with Nature 预习讲义2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

第12讲 Unit6 Living with Nature Part 1: 单词预习 英文 词性 中文 英文 词性 中文 bee-keeping n 养蜂 east n 东部 accord v 与事物相符（一致） mid-summer n 仲夏 according to 短语 按照；按…… 所说 rainy adj 多雨的 energy n 能源 centimetre n 厘米 desert n 沙漠，荒漠 survive v 活下来；幸存 material n 材料 underground adj 地（面）下的 charge v 使（充电） canal n 运河 environment n 自然环境 amazingly adv 惊人地；了不起地 resource n 资源（土地等） among prep 在……（人员）中 natural resources 自然资源 shortage n 短缺，不足 probably adv 很可能，大概 increase v 增加，增多；增长 west n 西部 Part 2:课文详解 Words in P89 1. natural materials​ · 含义：_________（未化学加工，来自自然界）。​ · 搭配：use natural materials；made of natural materials。​ · 拓展：同根词 nature→natural→naturally；反义词 man-made/synthetic materials。​ · 例句：Locals use natural materials to repair the canals.​ 2. require sb. to do​ · 含义：_________​ · 搭配：require + sb./sth. + to do sth.。​ · 拓展：同义 ask/force sb. to do_________；衍生 require doing（表被动）；名词 requirement。​ · 例句：The dry climate requires people to save water.​ 3. climate change​ · 含义：_________（全球 / 区域气候长期变化）。​ · 搭配：fight against climate change_________；due to climate change_________。​ · 拓展：相关 global warming_________；environmental protection_________。​ · 例句：Climate change made the desert drier.​ 4. make cleaner choices​ · 含义：做出更环保的选择。​ · 搭配：make + 形容词比较级 + choices；make cleaner choices about...。​ · 拓展：同义 make greener/environmentally friendly choices；clean→cleaner。​ · 例句：Everyone should make cleaner choices about daily water use.​ 5. we are back to using the sun​ · 含义：_________​ · 搭配：be back to + 名词 / 动名词（to 为介词）；use the sun’s energy。​ · 拓展：类似 look forward to/devote to doing_________；同义 turn to the sun again。​ · 例句：We are back to using the sun to purify water.​ Developing Ideas · A River of Life below the Earth 1 You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West.But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 2.It's known as one of the hottest areas in the world. The desert sand can be as hot as 80°℃ in mid-summer. That's enough to make your feet burn!It may sound crazy, but the locals can cook an egg on the desert sand.Rainfall in Turpan is only 16 mm a year. It is one of the driest places in China.How do people survive in such a terrible climate? The secret lies in the ancient karez system. 3 The karez system in Turpan includes more than1,000 wells. They appear every 20-30 metres. Some of them are 100 metres deep! Under these wells are large underground canals.Water from the mountains falls into the wells. It then runs underground in the canals. It is kept cool and safe from the desert heat. There are over 5,000 km of underground canals in the area. That's nearly as long as the Yellow River! Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment.And amazingly, all of this was completed with only hand tools! No wonder it's among the top three projects of ancient China. 4.Today, the area faces a water shortage. There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use.Although modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role. Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. The centuries-old water system will surely be carried into the future. 一、 重点副词分析（probably; amazingly; surely） 1. probably · 含义：意为 “_________”，表示事情发生的可能性较大，但并非百分百确定。 · 搭配：通常用于 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前；也可用于句首，用逗号隔开。 · 拓展：同根形容词为 probable（_________）；近义词有 likely（_________，可用于人或物）、possibly（可能地，可能性比 probably 小）。 · 例句：They probably know the importance of protecting the water system. 2. amazingly · 含义：意为 “_________”，用来修饰形容词、副词或整个句子，表达惊讶的语气。 · 搭配：可置于句首（用逗号隔开）或句中，修饰动词时放在动词前后均可；常修饰 hot, big, fast 等形容词 / 副词。 · 拓展：同根形容词为 amazing（令人惊讶的，修饰事物）/ amazed（感到惊讶的，修饰人）；副词短语 to one’s amazement（_________）。 · 例句：Amazingly, the desert sand can be as hot as 80℃ in mid-summer. 3. surely · 含义：意为 “_________”，用来加强语气，表示说话人对某件事的发生很有把握。 · 拓展：同根形容词为 sure（确定的）；近义词有 certainly（当然）、definitely（肯定地）；反义词有 probably（可能地，表不确定）。 · 例句：The centuries-old water system surely will be carried into the future. 二、 重点短语与句型分析 1. be known as · 含义：_________ · 搭配：be known as + 身份 / 称号 / 名词（强调 “作为…… 而出名”） · 拓展：相关短语：be known for（因…… 而出名，后接原因）；be known to（_________） · 例句：It is known as one of the hottest areas in the world. 2. as hot as · 含义：_________ · 搭配：as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as（表示 “和…… 一样……”）；否定形式为 not as/so + 原级 + as（不如……） · 拓展：结构为 as + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数 + as · 例句：The desert sand can be as hot as 80℃ in mid-summer. 3. lie in · 含义：_________ · 搭配：lie in + 地点（表 “位于某地”）；lie in + 抽象名词（表 “在于某事”） · 拓展：动词 lie 常见含义：① 躺；平放（过去式 lay，过去分词 lain） ② 位于 ③ 说谎（过去式 lied，过去分词 lied）；形近词 lay（放置，产卵，过去式 laid） · 例句：The small village lies in the west of the desert. 4. no wonder · 含义：_________ · 搭配：No wonder + 陈述句（可单独使用，也可接 that 从句，that 可省略） · 拓展：同义短语：It’s no wonder (that)...；口语中可缩写为 Wonder no · 例句：No wonder the area faces a water shortage — there is almost no rain here. 5. face a water shortage · 含义：_________ · 搭配：face + 名词（表示 “面临 / 面对某事”）；同义表达：be faced with a water shortage · 拓展：shortage 是名词，意为 “_________”，常见搭配：a shortage of...（…… 的短缺）；形容词形式 short（短缺的；短的） · 例句：Many dry areas face a water shortage in summer. 6. take action · 含义：_________ · 搭配：take action to do sth.（_________）；action 为不可数名词，不能加 s · 拓展：同义短语：take measures to do sth.（_________，measure 为可数名词，可加 s） · 例句：More and more young people are taking action to protect the ancient water system. 7. be carried into the future · 含义：_________ · 搭配：be carried into + 名词（_________）；此处为被动语态，结构：be + 过去分词 · 拓展：动词 carry 常见含义：① 搬运；携带 ② 传递；传承；过去分词形式 carried；主动语态：carry sth. into the future（将某物传承到未来） · 例句：These traditional skills will be carried into the future by the local people. 三、 重点句型结构 1. 主语 + be known as + 名词 例：It is known as one of the hottest areas in the world. 1. 主语 + can be + as + 原级 + as + 比较对象 例：The desert sand can be as hot as 80℃ in mid-summer. 1. No wonder + 陈述句 例：No wonder the area faces a water shortage. 1. Under + 地点状语 + 谓语 + 主语（倒装句，表强调） 例：Under these wells are large underground canals. 1. 主语 + be + 过去分词 + into + 宾语（被动语态） 例：The centuries-old water system will surely be carried into the future. 【即学即用】 一、根据汉语意思填空 1. We should use more ______ (天然的) materials to protect the environment.​ 2. ______ (令人惊讶地), the ancient karez system was built without modern tools.​ 3. The ______ (短缺) of water in Turpan is getting more serious.​ 4. Everyone has the ______ (要求；责任) to protect natural resources.​ 5. The ______ (环境的) problem is closely related to our daily life.​ 6. She felt ______ (感到惊讶的) when she heard the story of the karez system.​ 7. There has been a big ______ (增加) in water use in recent years.​ 8. Plants need water and sunlight for ______ (生存).​ 9. He speaks English ______ (自然地) because he practices every day.​ 10. We ______ (肯定) believe the karez system will be passed down.​ 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，或根据上下文填写合适的单词。​ 1. Turpan is ______ (know) as one of the hottest areas in the world.​ 2. ______ (amaze), the sand can reach 80℃ in mid-summer.​ 3. How do people ______ (survive) here?​ 4. Water from the mountains ______ (carry) into the canals to keep cool.​ 5. Today, the area ______ (face) a water shortage.​ 6. ______ (probable), more people will realize the importance of protecting the karez system.​ 7. Young people ______ (take) action to repair the old canals now.​ 8. They hope the centuries-old system ______ (sure) be carried into the future.​ 9. We should make ______ (clean) choices in daily life to save water.​ 10. Protecting natural resources is necessary for human ______ (survive).​ Part 3: 写作突破 Presenting Ideas： 一、写作要求 围绕 “中国人与自然和谐共生的本土案例”，完成120-150 字的演讲文稿，分为基础篇（适合入门）和提升篇（适合进阶），需满足： 1. 案例具体（明确地点 / 特色）； 1. 逻辑完整：介绍案例→说明 “尊重自然的做法”→分析 “对人 / 自然的双向益处”→总结启示； 1. 语言贴合演讲场景（口语化 + 有感染力）。 二、核心词汇 & 功能句式 1. 核心词汇 1. 生态实践：eco-friendly practice；厨余堆肥：kitchen waste composting；生态捕捞：sustainable fishing 1. 双向益处：mutual benefits；土壤肥力：soil fertility；水体净化：water purification 1. 共生：coexist；可持续：sustainable 2. 功能句式 场景 基础版句式 提升版句式 引入案例 I’m going to talk about a [案例] in [地点]. Let me share a great example: [案例] in [地点], a place built for [目的]. 说明 “尊重自然” It uses [方法] to protect nature. To respect nature, it adopts [方法]—like [细节], which avoids [危害]. 讲 “对人的益处” People get [好处] from it. For locals, this brings [好处 1]—and even [好处 2], making life better. 讲 “对自然的益处” Nature gets [好处] too. For the environment, it helps [好处 1], and restores [好处 2]. 总结启示 We learn to respect nature. This tells us: when we live with nature, we all thrive. 三、写作框架 1. 开场：点明案例 + 核心定位（如 “这是一个靠生态方法生活的村落”）； 1. 核心做法：2 个具体措施（体现 “尊重自然”）； 1. 双向益处：分别说明对人类、对自然的 2 个具体好处； 1. 收尾：用一句话总结 “共生的价值”。 四、写作模板 基础篇模板 I’m going to talk about [案例] in [地点]—a place where people live with nature. To respect nature, they do two things: first, [措施 1] (like [细节]); then, [措施 2]. For people, this gives [好处 1] (e.g., fresh food) and [好处 2] (e.g., less cost). For nature, it helps [好处 1] (e.g., clean soil) and [好处 2] (e.g., less waste). This shows: when we treat nature well, it treats us well too. 五、范文 基础篇：《山脚下的菜园村》 I’m going to talk about a vegetable garden village in a mountain town—people here live closely with nature. To respect nature, they do two things: first, collect kitchen waste to make compost; then, grow vegetables without pesticides. For people, this gives fresh, healthy food and saves money on fertilizer. For nature, it keeps soil fertile and reduces garbage pollution. This shows: when we treat nature well, it treats us well too. 提升篇：《西溪湿地生态村》 Let me introduce a village in Hangzhou’s Xixi Wetland—known as “the wetland guardians” for protecting this rare ecosystem. It respects nature by using eco-friendly boats (no motor) for travel and planting water plants to clean the wetland. These choices keep the wetland’s original look. Locals get safe wild vegetables and income from eco-tourism. Nature gains clearer water and more birds (over 50 species now live here). The lesson here is clear: sustainable living lets humans and nature thrive together. Part 4: 综合练习 一、根据括号内的汉语提示，填写合适的英文单词，补全句子。 1. The villagers in the countryside use solar ______ (能源) to power their homes. 2. Bees play an important role in protecting natural ______ (资源) by pollinating plants. 3. ______ (养蜂) has become a popular eco-friendly job for people in mountain areas. 4. According to the local ______ (历法), mid-summer is the best time to plant rice. 5. Many s___________ of animals are in danger now.（物种） 6. The ______ (环境) of the wetland has improved a lot thanks to villagers’ protection. 7. People in the west of China have learned to ______ (幸存) in the desert with smart water-saving methods. 8. The ______ (到来) of spring brings new life to the forest and its wildlife. 9. Using recycled ______ (材料) to build houses is a way to respect nature. 10. The ______ (智慧) of ancient people in protecting rivers should be remembered by us. 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，补全句子。 1. There are many different ______ (species) of birds in the forest. 2. The villagers always ______ (accord) with nature’s rules when they farm. 3. We all know ______ (especial) in rainy seasons, the terraces can collect water efficiently. 4. The child often talks about how he spent his happy ______ (child) playing among the trees. 5. This webpage ______ (introduce) what we can do to protect wildlife safely in daily life. 6. The underground canals ______ (build) by ancient people still help farmers water crops today. 7. Scientists explain why the number of bees in the area ______ (increase) when people practice bee-keeping. 8. Villagers live ______ (sweet) with nature because they use eco-friendly practices. 9. The energetic farmer ______ (grow) wheat and vegetables without chemicals every year. 10. Everyone wonders how the desert in the east ______ (turn) into green land with people’s efforts. 三、选择题 1．（25-26九年级上·福建泉州·周测）—Could you tell me ________? —It can help people do some dangerous work. A．what the robot can do B．where the robot can work C．how the robot thinks on its own 2．（25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·月考）—Could you please tell me ________ the nearest bank is? —Sure, it’s on the second floor of the shopping mall. A．what B．how C．where D．when 3．（25-26九年级上·福建南平·月考）—Could you tell me ________? —To send spaceships into space. A．what a rocket is used for B．how does the spaceship work C．where the spaceship is sent to 4．（24-25九年级上·福建莆田·期末）—Could you please tell me ________? —The people and the food here. A．how Tom likes the city B．why Tom likes the city C．what Tom likes about the city 5．（25-26九年级上·福建福州·月考）—Excuse me, I wonder ________ to the Sun Cinema. —Yes. You can take the No. 36 bus. A．why is there a bus B．when there is a bus C．whether there is a bus 6．（25-26九年级上·天津南开·月考）—Do you remember ________? —Sure. On the morning of May Day. A．how we got to the Tianjin Eye B．how long did we get to the Tianjin Eye C．when we got to the Tianjin Eye D．when did we get to the Tianjin Eye 7．（24-25九年级上·四川达州·期末）—Do you know ________? —It usually closes at 8:00 p.m. A．when the video store closes B．where is the video store C．whether I can buy a tape player 8．（24-25九年级上·福建龙岩·期末）—Do you know ________? —It will be held next week. A．where a robot show will be held B．why a robot show will be held C．when a robot show will be held 9．（25-26八年级上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·月考）Teachers always tell us ________ to protect the environment, such as saving water and picking up rubbish. A．how B．when C．where D．why 10．（25-26七年级上·江苏无锡·期中）Our English teacher hopes ________ hard at English, but sometimes we don’t listen to her. A．us to study B．us can study C．we can study D．we to study 11．（25-26九年级上·安徽池州·期中）—I wonder ________ you left your bag in the library. I saw it there just now. —Oh, thank you! I forgot about it. A．when B．if C．why D．where 12．（25-26九年级上·江西抚州·期中）—Miss Song, I haven’t decided ________. —I really hope you will visit it. It’s a good chance to learn about the history of our city. A．how will I go to Fuzhou Museum B．how I will go Fuzhou Museum C．whether will I go to Fuzhou Museum D．whether I will go to Fuzhou Museum 13．（25-26九年级上·江西南昌·期中）—I wonder ________ those books were useful to you. —Of course they were. They helped me a lot when I wrote my book report. A．that B．why C．whether D．when 14．（25-26九年级上·江西赣州·期中）—Excuse me, do you know ________ some medicine? —Sure. In that supermarket. A．where I can buy B．where can I buy C．how can I buy D．when I can buy 15．（24-25九年级上·山东滨州·期末）—What’s wrong with the dog? —We’re sure ________ something is wrong with it, but we doubt ________ the disease can kill it. A．if; whether B．that; that C．whether; if D．that; whether 四. 完形填空 （24-25七年级上·山东潍坊·期末） What are your clothes made of? Are they made of cotton or wool (羊毛)? On October 7th, in Shandong, 36 students wore (穿) beautiful clothes in a 1 . Their clothes were made of all kinds of things. The show gave the students a 2 to make things with their own hands. It also helped them learn to make good use of 3 and not to throw anything away. The students had lots of good ideas. Some found used things, like old 4 , and made them into new dresses. “We hope to 5 energy. Our world is short of energy. So I don’t want to just throw old things away,” said Xie Jing at Linyi Art School. Xie had more than 20 discs (磁盘) on her nice blue dress. “Though the discs are 6 , I look very cool in them!” she said. “Another student, Song Dan, looked like a 7 in her straw (稻草) coat and hat. “I want to show 8 people wore in the past,” she said. Du Yue made clothes for astronauts! When she walked, she tried to be 9 . It looked as if she was walking on the 10 . “I hope to wear it in space someday. I wish that I could walk on the moon!” she said. 1．A．show B．concert C．competition 2．A．gift B．chance C．surprise 3．A．time B．waste C．wood 4．A．mirrors B．glasses C．clothes 5．A．save B．make C．produce 6．A．old B．big C．nice 7．A．fireman B．doctor C．farmer 8．A．why B．what C．how much 9．A．slow B．loud C．afraid 10．A．sun B．earth C．moon 五. 任务型读写 （24-25九年级上·福建漳州·期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 What do you do with your old clothes? You might throw them away, sell them or give them to people in need. No matter which way you choose, it’s always you who have to decide what to do. However, California put more responsibility (责任) onto clothing companies after the first US clothing recycling law was passed on September 28th, 2024. This new law said that clothing companies should set up a program to reuse, repair and recycle their goods. What’s more, they would have to pay for the costs of the whole program. The state hopes that the law can help to make less pollution. In 2021, about 1.2 million tons of old clothes were thrown away in California. While 95 percent are reusable or recyclable, only 15 percent are actually recycled. It was reported that the law had got support from more than 150 groups, including environmental organizations and stores like IKEA．It would make the textile (纺织) industry better for the environment. It could also create over 1,000 new green jobs. As a major (主要的) polluter, the fashion industry is responsible for nearly 10 percent of the world’s carbon emissions (排放), according to the United Nations. Other countries like France and the Netherlands also have laws on clothing recycling programs. In France, for example, there are 47,000 recycling centers. 1．When was the first US clothing recycling law passed? 2．What should clothing companies do under this new law? Please list one example. 3．What does California hope under the new law according to Paragraph 3? 4．How many recycling centers are there in France? 5．What do you think of the new law? 六、语法填空 （25-26八年级上·四川巴中·期中）阅读下面短文，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Plants are our friends, even the tiniest grass. It’s hard to imagine living without plants. Plants make our world more 1 (live). They provide us with oxygen, food, and even materials like bamboo. We use these to make furniture, paper, and more. 2 (with) plants, life on earth would be impossible. They play 3 (a) important role in our world. One fantastic process (过程) in plants is 4 (pollinate). Bees, butterflies, and even the wind help plants reproduce (繁殖) by carrying pollen from one flower to another. This is crucial (至关重要的) for the 5 (grow) of fruits and seeds. In order to live, plants need protection from pests and harsh weather. Some plants have special ways to protect themselves, like thorns or bitter-tasting leaves. Plants are also of great 6 (important) in fighting climate change. They absorb 7 (ton) of carbon dioxide, a gas that contributes to global warming. By planting more trees and protecting more forests, we can improve the climate and make a 8 (health) planet. 9 (actual), plants are truly amazing. I’m disappointed that some of them are in danger. Let’s take action 10 (protect) them together for a better future! 七、阅读理解 （25-26八年级上·河南安阳·月考）Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are found in warm sea water all around the world. They are home to some sea plants and animals. They help to keep the sea clean and protect the coastline (海岸线) from storms and erosion (侵蚀), too. Millions of people around the world live on or near coral reefs as well. They catch the fish that live around the reef, to eat or to sell. Every year, millions of visitors go to reefs to dive and to look at the coral and the sea around them. When coral reefs are healthy, they keep the sea environment balanced. But many things that people do are making the reefs sick. Some reefs are even starting to die. People are taking too many of some kinds of fish that live near reefs. Pollution (污染) from ships or from rivers that run into the sea is hurting all reef life. If this goes on, these fish will die out. It is time for us to protect coral reefs and help them become healthy again: • Do things at home and at school that will reduce (减少) all kinds of pollution. • Don’t put anything that is not safe for the environment into rivers or the sea. • Try not to eat too much reef fish. • Let more people know they need to do more to look after the environment. • When going to a coral reef, don’t take coral away with you or leave any rubbish behind. 1．We can find coral reefs ________. A．in the river B．along the coastline C．in warm sea water D．everywhere in the sea 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The coral reefs’ importance to the sea. B．The coral reefs are important to humans. C．The sea environment is polluted by humans. D．The useful advice on protecting the coral reefs. 3．If we can’t stop pollution, what will happen according to the passage? A．Some fish will disappear. B．The coral reefs will become healthier. C．The sea will disappear in the future. D．There will be no coral reefs in the world. 4．In order to protect the coral reefs, we should ________. A．only stop doing things that pollute water B．throw as many things as possible into the sea C．try to kill all the fish that live around the reefs D．ask more people to take up their responsibilities(责任) 5．The best title for the passage is “________”. A．Pollution around Us B．Time to Save Coral Reefs C．People and Nature D．Life in the Sea 八、写作练习 （2025八年级上·江苏泰州·专题练习）大自然是美丽的。这里四季分明，鸟语花香，动物成群。然而近年来，全球极端天气频现，自然灾害频发，引起了全球对环境保护以及动物保护的思考。请你根据下面的问题，以“Protect the natural world”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿，呼吁全体师生积极行动，构建人类与自然命运共同体。 1. Why is it important to protect the natural world? 2. What problems does nature face? 3. What should we do to protect the natural world? 注意： (1) 词数80左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数； (2) 短文应包括所有问题要点，可作适当发挥以使文章连贯； (3) 文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 Protect the natural world Good morning, everyone! Today, I am very happy to be here to give a talk about protecting the natural world. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you for listening! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第12讲 Unit6 Living with Nature Part 1: 单词预习 英文 词性 中文 英文 词性 中文 bee-keeping n 养蜂 east n 东部 accord v 与事物相符（一致） mid-summer n 仲夏 according to 短语 按照；按…… 所说 rainy adj 多雨的 energy n 能源 centimetre n 厘米 desert n 沙漠，荒漠 survive v 活下来；幸存 material n 材料 underground adj 地（面）下的 charge v 使（充电） canal n 运河 environment n 自然环境 amazingly adv 惊人地；了不起地 resource n 资源（土地等） among prep 在……（人员）中 natural resources 自然资源 shortage n 短缺，不足 probably adv 很可能，大概 increase v 增加，增多；增长 west n 西部 Part 2:课文详解 Words in P89 1. natural materials​ · 含义：天然材料（未化学加工，来自自然界）。​ · 搭配：use natural materials；made of natural materials。​ · 拓展：同根词 nature→natural→naturally；反义词 man-made/synthetic materials。​ · 例句：Locals use natural materials to repair the canals.​ 2. require sb. to do​ · 含义：要求某人做某事。​ · 搭配：require + sb./sth. + to do sth.。​ · 拓展：同义 ask/force sb. to do；衍生 require doing（表被动）；名词 requirement。​ · 例句：The dry climate requires people to save water.​ 3. climate change​ · 含义：气候变化（全球 / 区域气候长期变化）。​ · 搭配：fight against climate change；due to climate change。​ · 拓展：相关 global warming；environmental protection。​ · 例句：Climate change made the desert drier.​ 4. make cleaner choices​ · 含义：做出更环保的选择。​ · 搭配：make + 形容词比较级 + choices；make cleaner choices about...。​ · 拓展：同义 make greener/environmentally friendly choices；clean→cleaner。​ · 例句：Everyone should make cleaner choices about daily water use.​ 5. we are back to using the sun​ · 含义：回到利用太阳能的状态。​ · 搭配：be back to + 名词 / 动名词（to 为介词）；use the sun’s energy。​ · 拓展：类似 look forward to/devote to doing；同义 turn to the sun again。​ · 例句：We are back to using the sun to purify water.​ Developing Ideas · A River of Life below the Earth 1 You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West.But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 2.It's known as one of the hottest areas in the world. The desert sand can be as hot as 80°℃ in mid-summer. That's enough to make your feet burn!It may sound crazy, but the locals can cook an egg on the desert sand.Rainfall in Turpan is only 16 mm a year. It is one of the driest places in China.How do people survive in such a terrible climate? The secret lies in the ancient karez system. 3 The karez system in Turpan includes more than1,000 wells. They appear every 20-30 metres. Some of them are 100 metres deep! Under these wells are large underground canals.Water from the mountains falls into the wells. It then runs underground in the canals. It is kept cool and safe from the desert heat. There are over 5,000 km of underground canals in the area. That's nearly as long as the Yellow River! Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment.And amazingly, all of this was completed with only hand tools! No wonder it's among the top three projects of ancient China. 4.Today, the area faces a water shortage. There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use.Although modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role. Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. The centuries-old water system will surely be carried into the future. 一、 重点副词分析（probably; amazingly; surely） 1. probably · 含义：意为 “很可能；大概”，表示事情发生的可能性较大，但并非百分百确定。 · 搭配：通常用于 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前；也可用于句首，用逗号隔开。 · 拓展：同根形容词为 probable（很可能的）；近义词有 likely（可能的，可用于人或物）、possibly（可能地，可能性比 probably 小）。 · 例句：They probably know the importance of protecting the water system. 2. amazingly · 含义：意为 “令人惊讶地；惊奇地”，用来修饰形容词、副词或整个句子，表达惊讶的语气。 · 搭配：可置于句首（用逗号隔开）或句中，修饰动词时放在动词前后均可；常修饰 hot, big, fast 等形容词 / 副词。 · 拓展：同根形容词为 amazing（令人惊讶的，修饰事物）/ amazed（感到惊讶的，修饰人）；副词短语 to one’s amazement（令某人惊讶的是）。 · 例句：Amazingly, the desert sand can be as hot as 80℃ in mid-summer. 3. surely · 含义：意为 “无疑；肯定；当然”，用来加强语气，表示说话人对某件事的发生很有把握。 · 拓展：同根形容词为 sure（确定的）；近义词有 certainly（当然）、definitely（肯定地）；反义词有 probably（可能地，表不确定）。 · 例句：The centuries-old water system surely will be carried into the future. 二、 重点短语与句型分析 1. be known as · 含义：被称为；被认为是 · 搭配：be known as + 身份 / 称号 / 名词（强调 “作为…… 而出名”） · 拓展：相关短语：be known for（因…… 而出名，后接原因）；be known to（为…… 所熟知，后接对象） · 例句：It is known as one of the hottest areas in the world. 2. as hot as · 含义：和…… 一样热 · 搭配：as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as（表示 “和…… 一样……”）；否定形式为 not as/so + 原级 + as（不如……） · 拓展：结构为 as + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数 + as · 例句：The desert sand can be as hot as 80℃ in mid-summer. 3. lie in · 含义：位于；在于 · 搭配：lie in + 地点（表 “位于某地”）；lie in + 抽象名词（表 “在于某事”） · 拓展：动词 lie 常见含义：① 躺；平放（过去式 lay，过去分词 lain） ② 位于 ③ 说谎（过去式 lied，过去分词 lied）；形近词 lay（放置，产卵，过去式 laid） · 例句：The small village lies in the west of the desert. 4. no wonder · 含义：难怪；不足为奇 · 搭配：No wonder + 陈述句（可单独使用，也可接 that 从句，that 可省略） · 拓展：同义短语：It’s no wonder (that)...；口语中可缩写为 Wonder no · 例句：No wonder the area faces a water shortage — there is almost no rain here. 5. face a water shortage · 含义：面临水资源短缺 · 搭配：face + 名词（表示 “面临 / 面对某事”）；同义表达：be faced with a water shortage · 拓展：shortage 是名词，意为 “短缺；不足”，常见搭配：a shortage of...（…… 的短缺）；形容词形式 short（短缺的；短的） · 例句：Many dry areas face a water shortage in summer. 6. take action · 含义：采取行动 · 搭配：take action to do sth.（采取行动做某事）；action 为不可数名词，不能加 s · 拓展：同义短语：take measures to do sth.（采取措施做某事，measure 为可数名词，可加 s） · 例句：More and more young people are taking action to protect the ancient water system. 7. be carried into the future · 含义：被传承到未来 · 搭配：be carried into + 名词（被带入 / 传承到……）；此处为被动语态，结构：be + 过去分词 · 拓展：动词 carry 常见含义：① 搬运；携带 ② 传递；传承；过去分词形式 carried；主动语态：carry sth. into the future（将某物传承到未来） · 例句：These traditional skills will be carried into the future by the local people. 三、 重点句型结构 1. 主语 + be known as + 名词 例：It is known as one of the hottest areas in the world. 1. 主语 + can be + as + 原级 + as + 比较对象 例：The desert sand can be as hot as 80℃ in mid-summer. 1. No wonder + 陈述句 例：No wonder the area faces a water shortage. 1. Under + 地点状语 + 谓语 + 主语（倒装句，表强调） 例：Under these wells are large underground canals. 1. 主语 + be + 过去分词 + into + 宾语（被动语态） 例：The centuries-old water system will surely be carried into the future. 【即学即用】 一、根据汉语意思填空 1. We should use more ______ (天然的) materials to protect the environment.​ 2. ______ (令人惊讶地), the ancient karez system was built without modern tools.​ 3. The ______ (短缺) of water in Turpan is getting more serious.​ 4. Everyone has the ______ (要求；责任) to protect natural resources.​ 5. The ______ (环境的) problem is closely related to our daily life.​ 6. She felt ______ (感到惊讶的) when she heard the story of the karez system.​ 7. There has been a big ______ (增加) in water use in recent years.​ 8. Plants need water and sunlight for ______ (生存).​ 9. He speaks English ______ (自然地) because he practices every day.​ 10. We ______ (肯定) believe the karez system will be passed down.​ 【答案】 1. natural 2. Amazingly 3. shortage 4. requirement 5. environmental​ 2. amazed 7. increase 8. survival 9. naturally 10. surely​ ​ 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，或根据上下文填写合适的单词。​ 1. Turpan is ______ (know) as one of the hottest areas in the world.​ 2. ______ (amaze), the sand can reach 80℃ in mid-summer.​ 3. How do people ______ (survive) here?​ 4. Water from the mountains ______ (carry) into the canals to keep cool.​ 5. Today, the area ______ (face) a water shortage.​ 6. ______ (probable), more people will realize the importance of protecting the karez system.​ 7. Young people ______ (take) action to repair the old canals now.​ 8. They hope the centuries-old system ______ (sure) be carried into the future.​ 9. We should make ______ (clean) choices in daily life to save water.​ 10. Protecting natural resources is necessary for human ______ (survive).​ 【答案】 1. known 2. Amazingly 3. survive 4. is carried 5. is facing​6. Probably 7. are taking 8. surely 9. cleaner 10. survival​ 解析：​ 1. known（固定短语 be known as “被称为”，被动语态）​ 2. Amazingly（副词修饰整个句子，首字母大写，amaze 变副词需去 e 加 -ingly）​ 3. survive（助动词 do 后接动词原形）​ 4. is carried（主语 water 与 carry 是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态）​ 5. is facing（根据 today 提示，用现在进行时表 “正在面临”）​ 6. Probably（副词修饰句子，probable 变副词需去 e 加 -ly，句首首字母大写）​ 7. are taking（根据 now 提示，用现在进行时，主语 young people 为复数）​ 8. surely（副词修饰情态动词 will，sure 变副词加 -ly）​ 9. cleaner（形容词比较级，make cleaner choices “做出更环保的选择”）​ 10. survival（介词 for 后接名词，survive 变名词为 survival） Part 3: 写作突破 Presenting Ideas： 一、写作要求 围绕 “中国人与自然和谐共生的本土案例”，完成120-150 字的演讲文稿，分为基础篇（适合入门）和提升篇（适合进阶），需满足： 1. 案例具体（明确地点 / 特色）； 1. 逻辑完整：介绍案例→说明 “尊重自然的做法”→分析 “对人 / 自然的双向益处”→总结启示； 1. 语言贴合演讲场景（口语化 + 有感染力）。 二、核心词汇 & 功能句式 1. 核心词汇 1. 生态实践：eco-friendly practice；厨余堆肥：kitchen waste composting；生态捕捞：sustainable fishing 1. 双向益处：mutual benefits；土壤肥力：soil fertility；水体净化：water purification 1. 共生：coexist；可持续：sustainable 2. 功能句式 场景 基础版句式 提升版句式 引入案例 I’m going to talk about a [案例] in [地点]. Let me share a great example: [案例] in [地点], a place built for [目的]. 说明 “尊重自然” It uses [方法] to protect nature. To respect nature, it adopts [方法]—like [细节], which avoids [危害]. 讲 “对人的益处” People get [好处] from it. For locals, this brings [好处 1]—and even [好处 2], making life better. 讲 “对自然的益处” Nature gets [好处] too. For the environment, it helps [好处 1], and restores [好处 2]. 总结启示 We learn to respect nature. This tells us: when we live with nature, we all thrive. 三、写作框架 1. 开场：点明案例 + 核心定位（如 “这是一个靠生态方法生活的村落”）； 1. 核心做法：2 个具体措施（体现 “尊重自然”）； 1. 双向益处：分别说明对人类、对自然的 2 个具体好处； 1. 收尾：用一句话总结 “共生的价值”。 四、写作模板 基础篇模板 I’m going to talk about [案例] in [地点]—a place where people live with nature. To respect nature, they do two things: first, [措施 1] (like [细节]); then, [措施 2]. For people, this gives [好处 1] (e.g., fresh food) and [好处 2] (e.g., less cost). For nature, it helps [好处 1] (e.g., clean soil) and [好处 2] (e.g., less waste). This shows: when we treat nature well, it treats us well too. 五、范文 基础篇：《山脚下的菜园村》 I’m going to talk about a vegetable garden village in a mountain town—people here live closely with nature. To respect nature, they do two things: first, collect kitchen waste to make compost; then, grow vegetables without pesticides. For people, this gives fresh, healthy food and saves money on fertilizer. For nature, it keeps soil fertile and reduces garbage pollution. This shows: when we treat nature well, it treats us well too. 提升篇：《西溪湿地生态村》 Let me introduce a village in Hangzhou’s Xixi Wetland—known as “the wetland guardians” for protecting this rare ecosystem. It respects nature by using eco-friendly boats (no motor) for travel and planting water plants to clean the wetland. These choices keep the wetland’s original look. Locals get safe wild vegetables and income from eco-tourism. Nature gains clearer water and more birds (over 50 species now live here). The lesson here is clear: sustainable living lets humans and nature thrive together. Part 4: 综合练习 一、根据括号内的汉语提示，填写合适的英文单词，补全句子。 1. The villagers in the countryside use solar ______ (能源) to power their homes. 2. Bees play an important role in protecting natural ______ (资源) by pollinating plants. 3. ______ (养蜂) has become a popular eco-friendly job for people in mountain areas. 4. According to the local ______ (历法), mid-summer is the best time to plant rice. 5. Many s___________ of animals are in danger now.（物种） 6. The ______ (环境) of the wetland has improved a lot thanks to villagers’ protection. 7. People in the west of China have learned to ______ (幸存) in the desert with smart water-saving methods. 8. The ______ (到来) of spring brings new life to the forest and its wildlife. 9. Using recycled ______ (材料) to build houses is a way to respect nature. 10. The ______ (智慧) of ancient people in protecting rivers should be remembered by us. 【答案】1. energy 2. resources 3. Bee-keeping 4. calendar 5. species 6.environment 7. survive 8. arrival 9. materials 10. wisdom 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，补全句子。 1. There are many different ______ (species) of birds in the forest. 2. The villagers always ______ (accord) with nature’s rules when they farm. 3. We all know ______ (especial) in rainy seasons, the terraces can collect water efficiently. 4. The child often talks about how he spent his happy ______ (child) playing among the trees. 5. This webpage ______ (introduce) what we can do to protect wildlife safely in daily life. 6. The underground canals ______ (build) by ancient people still help farmers water crops today. 7. Scientists explain why the number of bees in the area ______ (increase) when people practice bee-keeping. 8. Villagers live ______ (sweet) with nature because they use eco-friendly practices. 9. The energetic farmer ______ (grow) wheat and vegetables without chemicals every year. 10. Everyone wonders how the desert in the east ______ (turn) into green land with people’s efforts. 【答案】1.species 2. accord 3. especially 4. childhood 5. introduces 6.built 7. increases 8. sweetly 9. grows 10. turns 三、选择题 1．（25-26九年级上·福建泉州·周测）—Could you tell me ________? —It can help people do some dangerous work. A．what the robot can do B．where the robot can work C．how the robot thinks on its own 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我机器人能做什么吗？——它可以帮助人们做一些危险的工作。 考查宾语从句。what the robot can do机器人能做什么；where the robot can work机器人能在哪里工作；how the robot thinks on its own机器人如何自主思考。根据答语“It can help people do some dangerous work.”可知，此处是问机器人能做什么。故选A。 2．（25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·月考）—Could you please tell me ________ the nearest bank is? —Sure, it’s on the second floor of the shopping mall. A．what B．how C．where D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我最近的银行在哪里吗？——当然，它在购物中心的二楼。 考查宾语从句的引导词。what什么；how如何；where在哪里；when何时。根据“Could you please tell me...the nearest bank is?”可知，空格处缺少宾语从句的引导词；结合答句“it’s on the second floor of the shopping mall”可知，询问的是地点信息，因此引导词应使用表示地点的“where”。故选C。 3．（25-26九年级上·福建南平·月考）—Could you tell me ________? —To send spaceships into space. A．what a rocket is used for B．how does the spaceship work C．where the spaceship is sent to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我火箭是用来做什么的吗？——用来把宇宙飞船送入太空。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，排除B项（疑问句语序）；根据答语“To send spaceships into space.”可知，询问的是“用途”，应用what…is used for结构；C项询问地点，与答语不符。故选A。 4．（24-25九年级上·福建莆田·期末）—Could you please tell me ________? —The people and the food here. A．how Tom likes the city B．why Tom likes the city C．what Tom likes about the city 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我汤姆喜欢这个城市的什么吗？ ——这里的人和食物。 考查宾语从句的引导词。how Tom likes the city汤姆觉得这个城市怎么样；why Tom likes the city汤姆为什么喜欢这个城市；what Tom likes about the city汤姆喜欢这个城市的什么。根据答句“The people and the food here.”可知，问句是询问汤姆喜欢这个城市的哪些方面。故选C。 5．（25-26九年级上·福建福州·月考）—Excuse me, I wonder ________ to the Sun Cinema. —Yes. You can take the No. 36 bus. A．why is there a bus B．when there is a bus C．whether there is a bus 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我想知道是否有去太阳电影院的公交车。——有，你可以乘坐 36 路公交车。 考查宾语从句。why is there a bus为什么有公交车（语序错误，宾语从句需用陈述语序）；when there is a bus什么时候有公交车；whether there is a bus是否有公交车。根据“Yes. You can take the No. 36 bus.”可知，此处是询问是否有去太阳电影院的公交车。故选C。 6．（25-26九年级上·天津南开·月考）—Do you remember ________? —Sure. On the morning of May Day. A．how we got to the Tianjin Eye B．how long did we get to the Tianjin Eye C．when we got to the Tianjin Eye D．when did we get to the Tianjin Eye 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你还记得我们到天津之眼的时候吗？ ——当然。在五一节的早晨。 考查宾语从句的语序。根据回答“On the morning of May Day”可知，此处询问时间，因此应选表示时间的从句，排除选项A；宾语从句使用陈述语序，选项B和选项D是疑问语序，故错误；选项C“when we got to the Tianjin Eye”使用陈述句语序，符合宾语从句语法。故选C。 7．（24-25九年级上·四川达州·期末）—Do you know ________? —It usually closes at 8:00 p.m. A．when the video store closes B．where is the video store C．whether I can buy a tape player 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道这家音像店什么时候关门吗？——它通常晚上8点关门。 考查宾语从句的语序。根据答句“It usually closes at 8:00 p.m.”可知，问句是询问关门时间；宾语从句需用陈述语序，“when the video store closes”符合语序要求。故选A。 8．（24-25九年级上·福建龙岩·期末）—Do you know ________? —It will be held next week. A．where a robot show will be held B．why a robot show will be held C．when a robot show will be held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道机器人展什么时候举行吗？——它将在下周举行。 考查宾语从句。根据答语“It will be held next week.”可知，问句询问的是时间，应用when引导宾语从句。故选C。 9．（25-26八年级上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·月考）Teachers always tell us ________ to protect the environment, such as saving water and picking up rubbish. A．how B．when C．where D．why 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师们总是告诉我们如何保护环境，比如节约用水和捡垃圾。 考查宾语从句。how如何；when何时；where何地；why为什么。根据“such as saving water and picking up rubbish”举例的具体行为，可知是强调保护环境的方式方法，因此使用“how”表示方式。故选A。 10．（25-26七年级上·江苏无锡·期中）Our English teacher hopes ________ hard at English, but sometimes we don’t listen to her. A．us to study B．us can study C．we can study D．we to study 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师希望我们能努力学习英语，但有时我们不听她的。 考查宾语从句。hope意为“希望”，用法主要有两种：“hope+宾语从句”和“hope to do sth.”。hope后接宾语从句时，从句中的主语要用主格，we是主格，us是宾格。故选C。 11．（25-26九年级上·安徽池州·期中）—I wonder ________ you left your bag in the library. I saw it there just now. —Oh, thank you! I forgot about it. A．when B．if C．why D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想知道你是否把包忘在图书馆了。我刚才在那里看到了它。——哦，谢谢你！我忘了。 考查宾语从句连接词。when何时；if是否；why为什么；where哪里。根据答语“I saw it there just now”和“Thank you! I forgot about it”可知，说话人在确认对方是否把包忘在图书馆，表示不确定的猜测，因此用if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。故选B。 12．（25-26九年级上·江西抚州·期中）—Miss Song, I haven’t decided ________. —I really hope you will visit it. It’s a good chance to learn about the history of our city. A．how will I go to Fuzhou Museum B．how I will go Fuzhou Museum C．whether will I go to Fuzhou Museum D．whether I will go to Fuzhou Museum 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——宋老师，我还没有决定是否去福州博物馆。——我真心希望你能去参观。这是了解我们城市历史的好机会。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除A、C；B项中go为不及物动词，后接地点名词时应加介词to，即go to Fuzhou Museum，因此B项结构错误。根据答语“I really hope you will visit it.”可知，从句询问的是“是否去”，用whether引导。故选D。 13．（25-26九年级上·江西南昌·期中）—I wonder ________ those books were useful to you. —Of course they were. They helped me a lot when I wrote my book report. A．that B．why C．whether D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想知道那些书是否对你有用。——当然了。当我写读书报告时，它们给了我很大的帮助。 考查宾语从句的引导词。that那个；why为什么；whether是否；when什么时候。根据回答“Of course they were. They helped me a lot when I wrote my book report.”可知，说话人想知道书是否有用，因此用whether引导宾语从句。故选C。 14．（25-26九年级上·江西赣州·期中）—Excuse me, do you know ________ some medicine? —Sure. In that supermarket. A．where I can buy B．where can I buy C．how can I buy D．when I can buy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你知道我在哪里可以买药吗？——当然。在那家超市。 考查宾语从句的语序和疑问词的选择。where I can buy我在哪里能买，陈述语序；where can I buy我在哪里能买，疑问语序；how can I buy我怎么能买，疑问语序；when I can buy我什么时候能买，陈述语序。根据“In that supermarket.”可知，答句表示地点，因此问句应使用询问地点，排除CD选项；且宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除B选项。故选A。 15．（24-25九年级上·山东滨州·期末）—What’s wrong with the dog? —We’re sure ________ something is wrong with it, but we doubt ________ the disease can kill it. A．if; whether B．that; that C．whether; if D．that; whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这只狗怎么了？——我们确信它出了什么问题，但我们怀疑这种病是否能杀死它。 考查宾语从句引导词的辨析。if是否；whether是否；that引导从句，无意义。根据“We’re sure...”可知引导词在从句中不充当任何成分且没有任何含义，所以用that引导宾语从句；根据“we doubt...”可知，此处是指我们怀疑这种病是否能杀死它，所以应用whether引导宾语从句。故选D。 四. 完形填空 （24-25七年级上·山东潍坊·期末） What are your clothes made of? Are they made of cotton or wool (羊毛)? On October 7th, in Shandong, 36 students wore (穿) beautiful clothes in a 1 . Their clothes were made of all kinds of things. The show gave the students a 2 to make things with their own hands. It also helped them learn to make good use of 3 and not to throw anything away. The students had lots of good ideas. Some found used things, like old 4 , and made them into new dresses. “We hope to 5 energy. Our world is short of energy. So I don’t want to just throw old things away,” said Xie Jing at Linyi Art School. Xie had more than 20 discs (磁盘) on her nice blue dress. “Though the discs are 6 , I look very cool in them!” she said. “Another student, Song Dan, looked like a 7 in her straw (稻草) coat and hat. “I want to show 8 people wore in the past,” she said. Du Yue made clothes for astronauts! When she walked, she tried to be 9 . It looked as if she was walking on the 10 . “I hope to wear it in space someday. I wish that I could walk on the moon!” she said. 1．A．show B．concert C．competition 2．A．gift B．chance C．surprise 3．A．time B．waste C．wood 4．A．mirrors B．glasses C．clothes 5．A．save B．make C．produce 6．A．old B．big C．nice 7．A．fireman B．doctor C．farmer 8．A．why B．what C．how much 9．A．slow B．loud C．afraid 10．A．sun B．earth C．moon 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文讲述山东36名学生用废旧物品制作服装并展示，既锻炼动手能力，又倡导节约，作品包含复古、太空等创意风格。 1．句意：10月7日，在山东，36名学生在一场展示中穿上了漂亮的衣服。 show展示；concert音乐会；competition比赛。根据后文“The show gave the students…”可知，此处指“服装展示”，“show”与后文呼应。故选A。 2．句意：这场展示给了学生们亲手制作东西的机会。 gift礼物；chance机会；surprise惊喜。根据“The show gave the students a…to make things with their own hands. ”可知，“give sb. a chance to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“给某人做某事的机会”。故选B。 3．句意：这也帮助他们学会充分利用废弃物，不随意丢弃东西。 time时间；waste废弃物；wood木材。根据“not to throw anything away”可知，是利用“废弃物”。故选B。 4．句意：一些学生找到旧衣服，把它们做成新裙子。 mirrors镜子；glasses眼镜；clothes衣服。根据“made them into new dresses”可知，原材料是“旧衣服”。故选C。 5．句意：我们希望节约能源。 save节约；make制作；produce生产。根据“Our world is short of energy”可知，是“节约能源”。故选A。 6．句意：虽然磁盘是旧的，但我穿上它们看起来很酷！ old旧的；big大的；nice好看的。根据前文“used things”可知，磁盘是“旧的”。故选A。 7．句意：另一名学生宋丹穿着稻草做的外套和帽子，看起来像个农民。 fireman消防员；doctor医生；farmer农民。根据“straw coat and hat”可知，这是农民的典型装扮。故选C。 8．句意：我想展示过去人们穿的衣服。 why为什么；what……的事物；how much多少。根据“I want to show…people wore in the past.”可知，此处是宾语从句，“what”作“wore”的宾语，指“穿的东西”。故选B。 9．句意：当她走路时，她尽量放慢速度。 slow慢的；loud大声的；afraid害怕的。根据“Du Yue made clothes for astronauts! When she walked, she tried to be…”可知，太空行走需放慢速度。故选A。 10．句意：看起来她好像在月球上行走。 sun太阳；earth地球；moon月球。根据后文“I wish that I could walk on the moon”可知，此处指“在月球上行走”。故选C。 五. 任务型读写 （24-25九年级上·福建漳州·期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 What do you do with your old clothes? You might throw them away, sell them or give them to people in need. No matter which way you choose, it’s always you who have to decide what to do. However, California put more responsibility (责任) onto clothing companies after the first US clothing recycling law was passed on September 28th, 2024. This new law said that clothing companies should set up a program to reuse, repair and recycle their goods. What’s more, they would have to pay for the costs of the whole program. The state hopes that the law can help to make less pollution. In 2021, about 1.2 million tons of old clothes were thrown away in California. While 95 percent are reusable or recyclable, only 15 percent are actually recycled. It was reported that the law had got support from more than 150 groups, including environmental organizations and stores like IKEA．It would make the textile (纺织) industry better for the environment. It could also create over 1,000 new green jobs. As a major (主要的) polluter, the fashion industry is responsible for nearly 10 percent of the world’s carbon emissions (排放), according to the United Nations. Other countries like France and the Netherlands also have laws on clothing recycling programs. In France, for example, there are 47,000 recycling centers. 1．When was the first US clothing recycling law passed? 2．What should clothing companies do under this new law? Please list one example. 3．What does California hope under the new law according to Paragraph 3? 4．How many recycling centers are there in France? 5．What do you think of the new law? 【答案】1．On September 28th, 2024. 2．They should set up a program to reuse, repair and recycle their goods./They would have to pay for the costs of the whole program. 3．The state hopes that the law can help to make less pollution. 4．There are 47,000 recycling centers. 5．It is good because it can help protect the environment/create more new green jobs. 【导语】本文主要介绍了美国第一部服装回收法于2024年9月28日通过，该法要求服装公司承担更多责任以减少污染并创造绿色就业机会。 1．根据“However, California put more responsibility (责任) onto clothing companies after the first US clothing recycling law was passed on September 28th, 2024.”可知，第一部美国服装回收法在2024年9月28日通过。故填On September 28th, 2024. 2．根据“This new law said that clothing companies should set up a program to reuse, repair and recycle their goods. What’s more, they would have to pay for the costs of the whole program.”可知，新法律规定，服装公司应制定一项计划，对其产品进行再利用、修复和回收。此外，它们还必须承担整个计划所产生的全部费用。故填They should set up a program to reuse, repair and recycle their goods./They would have to pay for the costs of the whole program. 3．根据“The state hopes that the law can help to make less pollution.”可知，该州希望这项法律能够帮助减少污染。故填The state hopes that the law can help to make less pollution. 4．根据“In France, for example, there are 47,000 recycling centers.”可知，法国有47,000回收中心。故填There are 47,000 recycling centers. 5．答案不唯一，言之有理即可。故填It is good because it can help protect the environment/create more new green jobs. 六、语法填空 （25-26八年级上·四川巴中·期中）阅读下面短文，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Plants are our friends, even the tiniest grass. It’s hard to imagine living without plants. Plants make our world more 1 (live). They provide us with oxygen, food, and even materials like bamboo. We use these to make furniture, paper, and more. 2 (with) plants, life on earth would be impossible. They play 3 (a) important role in our world. One fantastic process (过程) in plants is 4 (pollinate). Bees, butterflies, and even the wind help plants reproduce (繁殖) by carrying pollen from one flower to another. This is crucial (至关重要的) for the 5 (grow) of fruits and seeds. In order to live, plants need protection from pests and harsh weather. Some plants have special ways to protect themselves, like thorns or bitter-tasting leaves. Plants are also of great 6 (important) in fighting climate change. They absorb 7 (ton) of carbon dioxide, a gas that contributes to global warming. By planting more trees and protecting more forests, we can improve the climate and make a 8 (health) planet. 9 (actual), plants are truly amazing. I’m disappointed that some of them are in danger. Let’s take action 10 (protect) them together for a better future! 【答案】 1．lively 2．Without 3．an 4．pollination 5．growth 6．importance 7．tons 8．healthy 9．Actually 10．to protect 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了植物对人类和地球的重要意义，并呼吁人们采取行动保护植物。 1．句意：植物让我们的世界更有生机。make sb./sth. + 形容词，表示“使某人/某物……”，此处需用形容词lively“充满生机的”，作宾语补足语。故填lively。 2．句意：没有植物，地球上的生命将不可能存在。根据“Plants are our friends, even the tiniest grass. It’s hard to imagine living without plants.”可知，前文强调植物的重要性，此处是“没有”植物的假设，without“没有”，符合语境。故填Without。 3．句意：它们在我们的世界中扮演着重要的角色。important以元音音素开头，不定冠词需用an。故填an。 4．句意：植物中一个奇妙的过程是授粉。此处作表语，指“授粉”这一过程，需用名词pollination“授粉”，为不可数名词。故填pollination。 5．句意：这对水果和种子的生长至关重要。根据“the...of fruits and seeds”可知，the后接名词growth“生长”，为不可数名词。故填growth。 6．句意：植物在应对气候变化方面也非常重要。be of great + 名词，表示“非常……”，此处需用名词importance“重要性”。故填importance。 7．句意：它们吸收大量的二氧化碳，这种气体导致全球变暖。tons of“大量的”，固定短语。故填tons。 8．句意：通过种植更多的树和保护更多的森林，我们可以改善气候，创造一个更健康的星球。修饰名词planet需用形容词healthy“健康的”，作定语。故填healthy。 9．句意：实际上，植物真的很神奇。此处作状语，需用副词actually“实际上”，句首首字母大写。故填Actually。 10．句意：让我们一起采取行动保护它们，共创更美好的未来！take action to do sth.“采取行动做某事”。故填to protect。 七、阅读理解 （25-26八年级上·河南安阳·月考）Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are found in warm sea water all around the world. They are home to some sea plants and animals. They help to keep the sea clean and protect the coastline (海岸线) from storms and erosion (侵蚀), too. Millions of people around the world live on or near coral reefs as well. They catch the fish that live around the reef, to eat or to sell. Every year, millions of visitors go to reefs to dive and to look at the coral and the sea around them. When coral reefs are healthy, they keep the sea environment balanced. But many things that people do are making the reefs sick. Some reefs are even starting to die. People are taking too many of some kinds of fish that live near reefs. Pollution (污染) from ships or from rivers that run into the sea is hurting all reef life. If this goes on, these fish will die out. It is time for us to protect coral reefs and help them become healthy again: • Do things at home and at school that will reduce (减少) all kinds of pollution. • Don’t put anything that is not safe for the environment into rivers or the sea. • Try not to eat too much reef fish. • Let more people know they need to do more to look after the environment. • When going to a coral reef, don’t take coral away with you or leave any rubbish behind. 1．We can find coral reefs ________. A．in the river B．along the coastline C．in warm sea water D．everywhere in the sea 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The coral reefs’ importance to the sea. B．The coral reefs are important to humans. C．The sea environment is polluted by humans. D．The useful advice on protecting the coral reefs. 3．If we can’t stop pollution, what will happen according to the passage? A．Some fish will disappear. B．The coral reefs will become healthier. C．The sea will disappear in the future. D．There will be no coral reefs in the world. 4．In order to protect the coral reefs, we should ________. A．only stop doing things that pollute water B．throw as many things as possible into the sea C．try to kill all the fish that live around the reefs D．ask more people to take up their responsibilities(责任) 5．The best title for the passage is “________”. A．Pollution around Us B．Time to Save Coral Reefs C．People and Nature D．Life in the Sea 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了珊瑚礁的分布、对人类和海洋环境的重要性、它们目前面临的威胁（如过度捕鱼和污染），并提出了保护珊瑚礁的具体建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are found in warm sea water all around the world.”可推知，珊瑚礁存在于温暖的海水中。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。文章第2段第一句“Millions of people around the world live on or near coral reefs as well.”点明本段与人类相关。接着阐述人类依靠珊瑚礁捕鱼谋生（They catch the fish that live around the reef...），以及吸引游客（millions of visitors go to reefs...）的情况。整段内容都在说明珊瑚礁对人类的重要性和价值。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Pollution (污染) from ships or from rivers that run into the sea is hurting all reef life. If this goes on, these fish will die out.”可推知，如果污染继续，一些鱼类将会灭绝（消失）。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“•Let more people know they need to do more to look after the environment.”可知，保护珊瑚礁需要我们让更多人承担起责任。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。全文首先介绍珊瑚礁的分布和重要性（对海洋环境和人类），然后指出它们因人类活动（如过度捕捞和污染）而面临威胁，最后重点提出一系列保护珊瑚礁的呼吁和具体建议。文章的核心是呼吁保护珊瑚礁。选项B（Time to Save Coral Reefs）即“拯救珊瑚礁的时刻”，最能概括文章的主旨和目的。故选B。 八、写作练习 （2025八年级上·江苏泰州·专题练习）大自然是美丽的。这里四季分明，鸟语花香，动物成群。然而近年来，全球极端天气频现，自然灾害频发，引起了全球对环境保护以及动物保护的思考。请你根据下面的问题，以“Protect the natural world”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿，呼吁全体师生积极行动，构建人类与自然命运共同体。 1. Why is it important to protect the natural world? 2. What problems does nature face? 3. What should we do to protect the natural world? 注意： (1) 词数80左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数； (2) 短文应包括所有问题要点，可作适当发挥以使文章连贯； (3) 文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 Protect the natural world Good morning, everyone! Today, I am very happy to be here to give a talk about protecting the natural world. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you for listening! 【答案】例文 Protect the natural world Good morning, everyone! Today, I am very happy to be here to give a talk about protecting the natural world. The natural world belongs to all of us. I think everybody should take care of the environment. There are many environmental problems nowadays. People cut down trees for production. Waste of water and electricity can be seen everywhere. Rubbish is often thrown into rivers and lakes, and many of them are polluted. There are many things that we can do to protect the natural world. We must collect and sort the rubbish into different groups. We can take our own bags when shopping. Let’s take action. That’s all. Thank you for listening! 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇讲稿； ②时态：本文应使用“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：应注意题干给出的要点并适当补充，使文章内容充实。 [写作步骤] 第一步，借用文章已给开头，阐述保护自然的重要性； 第二步，根据题干的要点，描述自然面临的问题； 第三步，提出具体行动建议并呼吁行动。 [亮点词汇] ①belong to属于 ②take action采取行动 [高分句型] ①I think everybody should take care of the environment. (宾语从句) ②There are many things that we can do to protect the natural world. (定语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $