内容正文:
重难点10 翻译题:句式转换高分法
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内容导航
速度提升
技巧掌握
手感养成
重难考向聚焦
锁定目标 精准打击:
明确近 5 年题型分布、命题特征,精准定位提分重点
重难技巧突破
授予利器 瓦解难点:
拆解五大核心句式转换技巧,搭配真题实例深化理解
重难保分练
稳扎稳打 必拿分数
:
针对单一转换类型训练,夯实句式改写基本功
重难抢分练
突破瓶颈 争夺高分:
聚焦复杂句式融合、语义精准转换、语法易错点规避
重难冲刺练
模拟实战 挑战顶尖:
完整翻译训练,还原命题场景,强化时间把控与得分效率
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考点
2021-2025年考情
命题趋势
考点 1:中文无主句→英文补全主语 / 被动语态(5 年 8 考)
2025 翻译 4;2023 翻译 3;2022.1 翻译 4;2022.7 翻译 4;2021.6 翻译 4;2021.1 翻译 3;2025 二模虹口 4;2025 二模杨浦 4
1. 重点考查 “中文多主动,英文多被动” 的转换逻辑;2. 常结合提示词设计被动结构(如 be under + 名词);3. 需灵活补全英文缺失主语(如 people、we)
考点 2:中文并列句→英文非谓语 / 从句(5 年 9 考)
2025 翻译 3;2023 翻译 2;2022.1 翻译 2;2022.7 翻译 2;2021.6 翻译 2;2021.1 翻译 2;2025 二模闵行 3;2025 二模奉贤 3;2025 二模普陀 4
1. 用现在分词表伴随 / 结果,整合中文多个分句;2. 用定语从句衔接语义,避免句式重复;3. 提示词多作为核心谓语融入复合句
考点 3:中文长定语→英文定语从句 / 介词短语(5 年 7 考)
2025 翻译 1;2023 翻译 4;2022.1 翻译 3;2022.7 翻译 3;2021.6 翻译 3;2025 二模宝山 4;2025 二模静安 3
1. 中文 “的” 字结构优先转化为定语从句或介词短语;2. 长定语后置,符合英文表达习惯;3. 提示词常作为定语从句核心动词
考点 4:中文特殊句式→英文固定句型(5 年 6 考)
2025 翻译 2;2023 翻译 1;2022.1 翻译 1;2021.6 翻译 1;2021.1 翻译 1;2025 二模崇明 2
1. 考查 “正如…/ 鉴于…/ 无论…” 等中文句式的英文对应(as/given that/however);2. 提示词需契合固定句型结构(如 It is worth noting that)
考点 5:中文抽象表达→英文具象化 + 句式升级(5 年 5 考)
2025 翻译 4;2023 翻译 4;2022.7 翻译 1;2021.6 翻译 1;2025 二模徐汇 3
1. 中文抽象名词(如 “压力”“兴趣”)转化为英文具象表达;2. 通过词性转换(名词→动词)优化句式;3. 提示词需自然融入语义核心
技巧 1:无主句转换 —— 补主语 / 变被动(对应考点 1)
中文无明确主语时,英文优先用被动语态(be + 过去分词);
若语义需突出动作执行者,补全 we/people/they 等逻辑主语;
提示词为名词时,可用 “be + 介词 + 提示词” 替代被动(如 be under restoration 替代 be being restored)。
真题例题(2022.1春考 翻译 4)
原文:这条小溪蜿蜒流淌,陪伴着世代居住的村民,见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(company)
基础版:The stream winds its way. It accompanies the villagers who have lived here for generations. It witnesses the village's rapid changes.
高分版:The winding stream has kept the villagers company for generations, witnessing the rapid changes of the village.
解析:用现在分词 “witnessing” 整合并列句,提示词 “company” 融入固定搭配 “keep sb. company”,避免直译生硬。
技巧 2:并列句转换 —— 非谓语 / 从句(对应考点 2)
中文多个分句语义关联时,用现在分词(表伴随)、不定式(表目的)整合;
语义存在因果 / 转折时,用 which 引导非限制性定语从句衔接;
避免连续使用简单句,确保句式有层次感。
真题例题(2025 秋考翻译 3)
原文:水果采摘让游客身心放松,也帮助果农增加了至少三分之二的销量,一举两得。(by)
基础版:Fruit picking makes tourists relaxed. It helps farmers increase sales by at least two-thirds. It achieves two goals.
高分版:Fruit picking relaxes tourists physically and mentally, boosting farmers' sales by at least two-thirds to achieve a win-win result.
解析:用现在分词 “boosting” 表结果,不定式 “to achieve” 表目的,提示词 “by” 精准体现增长幅度,句式紧凑。
技巧 3:长定语转换 —— 后置修饰(对应考点 3)
中文 “形容词 + 名词” 的长定语,英文后置为 “介词短语 / 定语从句”;
多个 “的” 字叠加时,拆分为主从句,核心信息前置,修饰信息后置;
提示词若为动词,可作为定语从句的谓语动词。
真题例题(2023.6秋考 翻译 4)
原文:这部电视连续剧的剧情围绕某一虚拟的华南城市展开,在剧中汽车工业一直是该城市的骄傲。(where)
基础版:The plot of the TV series revolves around a fictional city in southern China. In this city, the auto industry is the pride.
高分版:The plot of this TV series revolves around a fictional city in southern China, where the auto industry has always been the city's pride.
解析:用 where 引导定语从句修饰 “city”,整合两个分句,提示词自然融入从句,符合英文 “先核心后修饰” 的习惯。
技巧 4:特殊句式转换 —— 固定句型(对应考点 4)
中文 “正如…”→As + 从句 / 短语(As expected/As the saying goes);
中文 “鉴于…”→Given that/Considering + 从句;
中文 “无论…”→However + 形容词 / 副词 + 主句(However great the pressure is);
提示词需作为固定句型的核心成分(如 equal 融入 be equal to doing)。
真题例题(2025秋考 翻译 2)
原文:他回答得吞吞吐吐,从某种意义上说,就是婉拒你的邀请。(equal)
基础版:He answers hesitantly. In a sense, it is refusing your invitation politely.
高分版:He speaks hesitantly, which is in a sense equal to politely declining your invitation.
解析:用 which 引导从句整合语义,提示词 “equal” 构成核心结构 “be equal to doing”,句式符合英文表达逻辑。
技巧 5:抽象表达转换 —— 具象化(对应考点 5)
中文抽象名词(如 “兴趣”“压力”)→英文具象名词 / 形容词(enthusiasm/pressure);
中文动词短语(如 “稳定发挥”)→英文固定搭配(deliver consistent performances);
提示词需结合具象化表达,避免语义空洞。
真题例题(2025秋考 翻译 4)
原文:无论压力多大,这位天才运动员都能稳定发挥,在各大赛事中摘金夺银,为国争光。(However)
基础版:No matter how much pressure he has, the talented athlete can perform stably. He wins medals in competitions to honor the country.
高分版:However great the pressure is, this gifted athlete always delivers consistent performances, winning gold and silver medals in major competitions to bring glory to the nation.
解析:“稳定发挥” 具象化为 “delivers consistent performances”,“为国争光” 升级为 “bring glory to the nation”,提示词 “However” 引导让步状语从句,句式更具文采。
(建议用时:20分钟)
类型一:主动与被动转换
1.中文:人工智能技术已被广泛应用于教育领域。
【参考翻译】Artificial intelligence technology has been widely applied in the field of education.
【解析】“被广泛应用”直接转换为被动语态“has been widely applied”,省略施动者(“人们”),符合英语被动句表达习惯;“教育领域”译为“the field of education”(固定搭配),避免直译“education area”。
2.中文:城市的发展受到环境因素的制约。
【参考翻译】The development of cities is restricted by environmental factors.
【解析】“受到...制约”转换为被动语态“is restricted by”,“城市的发展”译为“the development of cities”(名词所有格),避免中式直译“city’s development”(可数名词复数表泛指)。
类型二:简单句与复合句转换
1.中文:我们应该珍惜自然资源,因为它们是不可再生的。
【参考翻译】We should cherish natural resources because they are non-renewable.
【解析】中文两个短句含因果逻辑,转换为 because 引导的原因状语从句,“不可再生的”译为“non-renewable”(固定术语),比“can’t be renewed”更简洁精准。
2.(2025 闵行二模)中文:传统文化不仅是民族的瑰宝,也是人类的财富。
【参考翻译】Traditional culture is not only a treasure of the nation but also a wealth of humanity.
【解析】“不仅...也...”转换为 not only...but also...并列复合句,“民族的瑰宝”“人类的财富”采用对称结构(a treasure of.../a wealth of...),句式工整,语义连贯。
类型三:语序转换
1.(2025 杨浦二模)中文:只有通过实践,我们才能真正掌握一门技能。
【参考翻译】Only through practice can we truly master a skill.
【解析】“只有通过...”对应 only through,前置后需部分倒装(助动词 can 提前),“真正掌握”译为“truly master”,避免直译“really grasp”(master 更贴合“掌握技能”搭配)。
2.中文:在山顶上可以俯瞰整个城市的美景。
【参考翻译】From the top of the mountain, we can have a bird’s-eye view of the whole city’s beautiful scenery.
【解析】中文地点状语“在山顶上”转换为英语前置介词短语“From the top of the mountain”,主语用 we(补全中文隐含主语),“俯瞰”译为“have a bird’s-eye view of”(固定短语),比直译“look down at”更地道。
类型四:并列句与主从复合句转换
1.(2025 虹口三模)中文:无论遇到什么困难,我们都不能放弃。
【参考翻译】No matter what difficulties we encounter, we must not give up./Whatever difficulties we face, we can’t abandon our goals.
【解析】“无论遇到什么困难”转换为 no matter what/whatever 引导的让步状语从句,“放弃”译为“give up”(固定短语),避免直译“abandon”(需接宾语,如 abandon goals)。
2.中文:虽然任务艰巨,但我们有信心完成。
【参考翻译】Although the task is arduous, we are confident in completing it./Despite the arduous task, we have the confidence to finish it.
【解析】“虽然”转换为 although 引导的让步状语从句(或 despite + 名词短语),“艰巨的”译为“arduous”(比 difficult 更高级),“有信心完成”译为“are confident in completing it”(固定搭配 be confident in doing)。
类型五:特殊句式转换
1.(2021上海卷)中文:人们普遍认为,阅读能开阔视野。
【参考翻译】It is widely believed that reading can broaden one’s horizons.
【解析】中文无主句转换为 it 作形式主语的句式(It is believed that...),“开阔视野”译为“broaden one’s horizons”(固定短语),比直译“widen one’s view”更地道。
2.(2025 松江三模)中文:与其抱怨环境,不如努力适应它。
【参考翻译】Rather than complain about the environment, we should strive to adapt to it./We would rather strive to adapt to the environment than complain about it.
【解析】“与其...不如...”转换为 rather than...或 would rather...than...结构,“抱怨”译为“complain about”(固定搭配),“适应”译为“adapt to”(比“adjust to”更侧重“适应新环境”)。
(建议用时:20分钟)
类型一:复杂句式融合(多考点叠加)
1.中文:这款 APP 操作简单,而且功能强大,已经被数百万用户下载使用。
【参考翻译】This APP, which is easy to operate and powerful in functions, has been downloaded and used by millions of users.
【解析】融合“定语从句 + 被动语态 + 并列结构”:“操作简单,功能强大”用定语从句 which is...修饰 APP(避免两个简单句堆砌);“被下载使用”转换为被动语态 has been downloaded and used;并列结构 easy to operate and powerful in functions 保持句式对称,语义连贯。
2.(2025 静安三模)中文:只有当我们意识到环保的重要性,才能采取有效措施减少污染。
【参考翻译】Only when we realize the importance of environmental protection can we take effective measures to reduce pollution.
【解析】融合“only + 时间状语从句 + 倒装 + 不定式”:“只有当...才...”转换为 only when 引导的时间状语从句,前置后需部分倒装(助动词 can 提前);“采取有效措施减少污染”译为 take effective measures to reduce pollution(不定式作目的状语),逻辑清晰,句式复杂且规范。
类型二:语义精准转换(避免中式直译)
1.(2025 浦东三模)中文:低碳生活的理念正在被越来越多的人接受,这有助于缓解全球变暖。
【参考翻译】The concept of low-carbon life is being accepted by a growing number of people, which helps alleviate global warming.
【解析】“理念被接受”转换为被动语态 is being accepted(现在进行时被动,强调正在发生);“越来越多的人”译为 a growing number of people(比 more and more people 更高级);“有助于缓解”译为 helps alleviate(alleviate 比 reduce 更贴合“缓解变暖”的搭配);非限制性定语从句 which 指代前文整体内容,逻辑连贯。
2.(2022上海卷)中文:他花了五年时间走遍全国,收集了大量民间故事。
【参考翻译】He spent five years traveling around the country, collecting a large number of folk stories.
【解析】“花时间做某事”用 spend time doing sth.(固定搭配),避免直译“take him five years to travel”(虽正确但不如 spend 句式自然);“收集”用现在分词 collecting 作伴随状语,体现“走遍全国”与“收集故事”的同时性,比并列句“and collected”更简洁。
类型三:语法易错点规避(时态、主谓一致、固定搭配)
1.中文:传统工艺被年轻工匠赋予了新的生命力,吸引了众多年轻消费者。
【参考翻译】Traditional crafts have been endowed with new vitality by young artisans, attracting a large number of young consumers.
【解析】“被赋予”译为 have been endowed with(固定短语 endow with,比 give 更高级);现在完成时被动强调“赋予”的结果持续到现在;“吸引”用现在分词 attracting 作结果状语,避免主谓不一致(如误写为 attracts,导致逗号连接两个谓语动词)。
2.(2021上海卷)中文:这本书出版后,受到了读者的广泛好评,成为了畅销书。
【参考翻译】After the book was published, it was widely praised by readers and became a bestseller.
【解析】“出版”转换为被动语态 was published(书是被出版);时态一致(一般过去时);“受到广泛好评”译为 was widely praised(避免中式直译“received wide praise”,被动更符合英语表达习惯);“畅销书”译为 bestseller(固定术语)。
(建议用时:25分钟)
1.随着人工智能的发展,许多传统行业正面临着巨大的挑战。(With…)(汉译英)
2.随着新学期的开始,学生们需要快速调整心态,以适应更加紧张和繁重的学习任务。(adjust to) (汉译英)
3.这位年轻企业家凭借其独特的视野和卓越的领导力所取得的惊人成就,远远超出了包括他家人在内的所有人的预期。(exceed) (汉译英)
4.你口口声声说自己要管住嘴,可为什么又点了一份炸鸡? (how come) (汉译英)
5.天文学家以望远镜为锚,凝神凝望行星轨道的细微变化,深邃夜空下这一幕显得格外迷人。(anchor) (汉译英)
6.近期多起儿童误食蜡笔引发窒息的报道提醒家长,需要妥善保管此类文具,避免意外发生。(where) (汉译英)
7.内科医生一丝不苟地进行了多项筛查,以排除患脑癌的可能性。(rule) (汉译英)
8.新郎身着剪裁精美的西装,将新娘拥入怀中,这一刻他期盼已久。(The moment)(汉译英)
9.百年历史古戏台风韵犹存,依稀可辨当年辉煌。(whose) (汉译英)
10.她翻着电子相册,绘声绘色地给我讲了在法国小镇的所见所闻,还非要跟我显摆意外习得的几句法语。(account)(汉译英)
11.校门口,妈妈往她包里塞了一副手套和一条羊毛围巾。(pack) (汉译英)
12.这位工程师将心血倾注于芯片研发,不断攻坚克难,赢得了“时代楷模”的美名。(invest) (汉译英)
13.在失重的环境中,吃饭喝水皆非易事,但中国人对吃的挚爱让我们的宇航员在空间站里成功吃上了烧烤盛宴。(so...that...) (汉译英)
14.受深厚的农耕文化与生态旅游资源驱动。这座偏远村庄如今已蜕变为宜居宜游的美丽乡村。(fuel) (汉译英)
15.这款衬衫的价格比上周降了100元,现在买性价比特别高。(by) (汉译英)
16.凭借过硬的专业素养面试后,多家研发机构向这位毕业生伸出了橄榄枝。(Thanks to) (汉译英)
17.初学做饭经常会出现这种问题,再试一次就好!(arise)(汉译英)
18.参与古籍修复工作坊后,我明白了看似简单的工序,需要耐心与技巧的双重打磨。(after)(汉译英)
19.我的曾祖母依然保留着使用手帕的习惯。(stick) (汉译英)
20.这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助,这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。(汉译英)(Every time . . .)
21.超速不仅对于你的乘客而言是非常危险的,而且也是违反法律的。(against)(汉译英)
22.初冬的午后,我漫步在这所知名学府的校园,踏着铺满落叶的草坪,享受着书香带来的内心安宁。(wander) (汉译英)
23.通过这部纪录片,导演成功地向观众传递了保护濒危物种的重要性。(communicate) (汉译英)
24.劳动实践不仅能让我们体会劳动价值,还能培养工匠精神,从而助力个人长远发展。(not only) (汉译英)
25.谁能抑制住想要抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫的欲望呢? (desire) (汉译英)
26.每当他高兴的时候,就会手舞足蹈。(whenever) (汉译英)
27.每天抽几分钟跳绳,就能提升心肺功能。(spare)(汉译英)
28.木雕技艺经久不衰,全靠匠人们精益求精、代代相传。(appeal)(汉译英)
29.真的太神奇了,人工智能使许多不可能都变成了现实。(amazing) (汉译英)
30.新课程告诉我们:学习过程中及时有效的自我评价不仅能够保证学习的速度和质量,更能保证学习方向的正确性。(but) (汉译英)
31.一吃完晚饭,她就迫不及待地的邀请我们去她家附近那条美丽的湖边散步。(on) (汉译英)
32.睡姿关乎心脑健康,因此选择一个你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的睡姿是明智之举。(where)(汉译英)
33.作家饱受战争摧残的童年充斥着不安,给他的作品投下阴影,孕育出黑暗的主题。(give rise) (汉译英)
34.为使这款产品在竞争激烈的市场中脱颖而出,公司负责人建议把传统文化融入到产品的设计理念中。(integrate) (汉译英)
35.应该鼓励孩子们多参与户外活动。(encourage)(汉译英)
36.近年来,该地区牛奶消耗量稳步堤升,足见民众的健康意识已然深入人心。(which) (汉译英)
37.工会每个月推出惠民活动,大家只需网上预约,就可免费体验。(available) (汉译英)
38.一个个小型美术馆在上海的社区中悄然兴起了。(emerge)(汉译英)
39.汉字并非简单的符号,而是图像的组合,能让读者联想到自然万物。(Instead of)(汉译英)
40.年轻人借助多媒体和直播,打破了销售的时空限制,让农产品走出乡村,进入更大的市场 。(barrier) (汉译英)
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重难点10 翻译题:句式转换高分法
(
内容导航
速度提升
技巧掌握
手感养成
重难考向聚焦
锁定目标 精准打击:
明确近 5 年题型分布、命题特征,精准定位提分重点
重难技巧突破
授予利器 瓦解难点:
拆解五大核心句式转换技巧,搭配真题实例深化理解
重难保分练
稳扎稳打 必拿分数
:
针对单一转换类型训练,夯实句式改写基本功
重难抢分练
突破瓶颈 争夺高分:
聚焦复杂句式融合、语义精准转换、语法易错点规避
重难冲刺练
模拟实战 挑战顶尖:
完整翻译训练,还原命题场景,强化时间把控与得分效率
)
考点
2021-2025年考情
命题趋势
考点 1:中文无主句→英文补全主语 / 被动语态(5 年 8 考)
2025 翻译 4;2023 翻译 3;2022.1 翻译 4;2022.7 翻译 4;2021.6 翻译 4;2021.1 翻译 3;2025 二模虹口 4;2025 二模杨浦 4
1. 重点考查 “中文多主动,英文多被动” 的转换逻辑;2. 常结合提示词设计被动结构(如 be under + 名词);3. 需灵活补全英文缺失主语(如 people、we)
考点 2:中文并列句→英文非谓语 / 从句(5 年 9 考)
2025 翻译 3;2023 翻译 2;2022.1 翻译 2;2022.7 翻译 2;2021.6 翻译 2;2021.1 翻译 2;2025 二模闵行 3;2025 二模奉贤 3;2025 二模普陀 4
1. 用现在分词表伴随 / 结果,整合中文多个分句;2. 用定语从句衔接语义,避免句式重复;3. 提示词多作为核心谓语融入复合句
考点 3:中文长定语→英文定语从句 / 介词短语(5 年 7 考)
2025 翻译 1;2023 翻译 4;2022.1 翻译 3;2022.7 翻译 3;2021.6 翻译 3;2025 二模宝山 4;2025 二模静安 3
1. 中文 “的” 字结构优先转化为定语从句或介词短语;2. 长定语后置,符合英文表达习惯;3. 提示词常作为定语从句核心动词
考点 4:中文特殊句式→英文固定句型(5 年 6 考)
2025 翻译 2;2023 翻译 1;2022.1 翻译 1;2021.6 翻译 1;2021.1 翻译 1;2025 二模崇明 2
1. 考查 “正如…/ 鉴于…/ 无论…” 等中文句式的英文对应(as/given that/however);2. 提示词需契合固定句型结构(如 It is worth noting that)
考点 5:中文抽象表达→英文具象化 + 句式升级(5 年 5 考)
2025 翻译 4;2023 翻译 4;2022.7 翻译 1;2021.6 翻译 1;2025 二模徐汇 3
1. 中文抽象名词(如 “压力”“兴趣”)转化为英文具象表达;2. 通过词性转换(名词→动词)优化句式;3. 提示词需自然融入语义核心
技巧 1:无主句转换 —— 补主语 / 变被动(对应考点 1)
中文无明确主语时,英文优先用被动语态(be + 过去分词);
若语义需突出动作执行者,补全 we/people/they 等逻辑主语;
提示词为名词时,可用 “be + 介词 + 提示词” 替代被动(如 be under restoration 替代 be being restored)。
真题例题(2022.1春考 翻译 4)
原文:这条小溪蜿蜒流淌,陪伴着世代居住的村民,见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(company)
基础版:The stream winds its way. It accompanies the villagers who have lived here for generations. It witnesses the village's rapid changes.
高分版:The winding stream has kept the villagers company for generations, witnessing the rapid changes of the village.
解析:用现在分词 “witnessing” 整合并列句,提示词 “company” 融入固定搭配 “keep sb. company”,避免直译生硬。
技巧 2:并列句转换 —— 非谓语 / 从句(对应考点 2)
中文多个分句语义关联时,用现在分词(表伴随)、不定式(表目的)整合;
语义存在因果 / 转折时,用 which 引导非限制性定语从句衔接;
避免连续使用简单句,确保句式有层次感。
真题例题(2025 秋考翻译 3)
原文:水果采摘让游客身心放松,也帮助果农增加了至少三分之二的销量,一举两得。(by)
基础版:Fruit picking makes tourists relaxed. It helps farmers increase sales by at least two-thirds. It achieves two goals.
高分版:Fruit picking relaxes tourists physically and mentally, boosting farmers' sales by at least two-thirds to achieve a win-win result.
解析:用现在分词 “boosting” 表结果,不定式 “to achieve” 表目的,提示词 “by” 精准体现增长幅度,句式紧凑。
技巧 3:长定语转换 —— 后置修饰(对应考点 3)
中文 “形容词 + 名词” 的长定语,英文后置为 “介词短语 / 定语从句”;
多个 “的” 字叠加时,拆分为主从句,核心信息前置,修饰信息后置;
提示词若为动词,可作为定语从句的谓语动词。
真题例题(2023.6秋考 翻译 4)
原文:这部电视连续剧的剧情围绕某一虚拟的华南城市展开,在剧中汽车工业一直是该城市的骄傲。(where)
基础版:The plot of the TV series revolves around a fictional city in southern China. In this city, the auto industry is the pride.
高分版:The plot of this TV series revolves around a fictional city in southern China, where the auto industry has always been the city's pride.
解析:用 where 引导定语从句修饰 “city”,整合两个分句,提示词自然融入从句,符合英文 “先核心后修饰” 的习惯。
技巧 4:特殊句式转换 —— 固定句型(对应考点 4)
中文 “正如…”→As + 从句 / 短语(As expected/As the saying goes);
中文 “鉴于…”→Given that/Considering + 从句;
中文 “无论…”→However + 形容词 / 副词 + 主句(However great the pressure is);
提示词需作为固定句型的核心成分(如 equal 融入 be equal to doing)。
真题例题(2025秋考 翻译 2)
原文:他回答得吞吞吐吐,从某种意义上说,就是婉拒你的邀请。(equal)
基础版:He answers hesitantly. In a sense, it is refusing your invitation politely.
高分版:He speaks hesitantly, which is in a sense equal to politely declining your invitation.
解析:用 which 引导从句整合语义,提示词 “equal” 构成核心结构 “be equal to doing”,句式符合英文表达逻辑。
技巧 5:抽象表达转换 —— 具象化(对应考点 5)
中文抽象名词(如 “兴趣”“压力”)→英文具象名词 / 形容词(enthusiasm/pressure);
中文动词短语(如 “稳定发挥”)→英文固定搭配(deliver consistent performances);
提示词需结合具象化表达,避免语义空洞。
真题例题(2025秋考 翻译 4)
原文:无论压力多大,这位天才运动员都能稳定发挥,在各大赛事中摘金夺银,为国争光。(However)
基础版:No matter how much pressure he has, the talented athlete can perform stably. He wins medals in competitions to honor the country.
高分版:However great the pressure is, this gifted athlete always delivers consistent performances, winning gold and silver medals in major competitions to bring glory to the nation.
解析:“稳定发挥” 具象化为 “delivers consistent performances”,“为国争光” 升级为 “bring glory to the nation”,提示词 “However” 引导让步状语从句,句式更具文采。
(建议用时:20分钟)
类型一:主动与被动转换
1.中文:人工智能技术已被广泛应用于教育领域。
【参考翻译】Artificial intelligence technology has been widely applied in the field of education.
【解析】“被广泛应用”直接转换为被动语态“has been widely applied”,省略施动者(“人们”),符合英语被动句表达习惯;“教育领域”译为“the field of education”(固定搭配),避免直译“education area”。
2.中文:城市的发展受到环境因素的制约。
【参考翻译】The development of cities is restricted by environmental factors.
【解析】“受到...制约”转换为被动语态“is restricted by”,“城市的发展”译为“the development of cities”(名词所有格),避免中式直译“city’s development”(可数名词复数表泛指)。
类型二:简单句与复合句转换
1.中文:我们应该珍惜自然资源,因为它们是不可再生的。
【参考翻译】We should cherish natural resources because they are non-renewable.
【解析】中文两个短句含因果逻辑,转换为 because 引导的原因状语从句,“不可再生的”译为“non-renewable”(固定术语),比“can’t be renewed”更简洁精准。
2.(2025 闵行二模)中文:传统文化不仅是民族的瑰宝,也是人类的财富。
【参考翻译】Traditional culture is not only a treasure of the nation but also a wealth of humanity.
【解析】“不仅...也...”转换为 not only...but also...并列复合句,“民族的瑰宝”“人类的财富”采用对称结构(a treasure of.../a wealth of...),句式工整,语义连贯。
类型三:语序转换
1.(2025 杨浦二模)中文:只有通过实践,我们才能真正掌握一门技能。
【参考翻译】Only through practice can we truly master a skill.
【解析】“只有通过...”对应 only through,前置后需部分倒装(助动词 can 提前),“真正掌握”译为“truly master”,避免直译“really grasp”(master 更贴合“掌握技能”搭配)。
2.中文:在山顶上可以俯瞰整个城市的美景。
【参考翻译】From the top of the mountain, we can have a bird’s-eye view of the whole city’s beautiful scenery.
【解析】中文地点状语“在山顶上”转换为英语前置介词短语“From the top of the mountain”,主语用 we(补全中文隐含主语),“俯瞰”译为“have a bird’s-eye view of”(固定短语),比直译“look down at”更地道。
类型四:并列句与主从复合句转换
1.(2025 虹口三模)中文:无论遇到什么困难,我们都不能放弃。
【参考翻译】No matter what difficulties we encounter, we must not give up./Whatever difficulties we face, we can’t abandon our goals.
【解析】“无论遇到什么困难”转换为 no matter what/whatever 引导的让步状语从句,“放弃”译为“give up”(固定短语),避免直译“abandon”(需接宾语,如 abandon goals)。
2.中文:虽然任务艰巨,但我们有信心完成。
【参考翻译】Although the task is arduous, we are confident in completing it./Despite the arduous task, we have the confidence to finish it.
【解析】“虽然”转换为 although 引导的让步状语从句(或 despite + 名词短语),“艰巨的”译为“arduous”(比 difficult 更高级),“有信心完成”译为“are confident in completing it”(固定搭配 be confident in doing)。
类型五:特殊句式转换
1.(2021上海卷)中文:人们普遍认为,阅读能开阔视野。
【参考翻译】It is widely believed that reading can broaden one’s horizons.
【解析】中文无主句转换为 it 作形式主语的句式(It is believed that...),“开阔视野”译为“broaden one’s horizons”(固定短语),比直译“widen one’s view”更地道。
2.(2025 松江三模)中文:与其抱怨环境,不如努力适应它。
【参考翻译】Rather than complain about the environment, we should strive to adapt to it./We would rather strive to adapt to the environment than complain about it.
【解析】“与其...不如...”转换为 rather than...或 would rather...than...结构,“抱怨”译为“complain about”(固定搭配),“适应”译为“adapt to”(比“adjust to”更侧重“适应新环境”)。
(建议用时:20分钟)
类型一:复杂句式融合(多考点叠加)
1.中文:这款 APP 操作简单,而且功能强大,已经被数百万用户下载使用。
【参考翻译】This APP, which is easy to operate and powerful in functions, has been downloaded and used by millions of users.
【解析】融合“定语从句 + 被动语态 + 并列结构”:“操作简单,功能强大”用定语从句 which is...修饰 APP(避免两个简单句堆砌);“被下载使用”转换为被动语态 has been downloaded and used;并列结构 easy to operate and powerful in functions 保持句式对称,语义连贯。
2.(2025 静安三模)中文:只有当我们意识到环保的重要性,才能采取有效措施减少污染。
【参考翻译】Only when we realize the importance of environmental protection can we take effective measures to reduce pollution.
【解析】融合“only + 时间状语从句 + 倒装 + 不定式”:“只有当...才...”转换为 only when 引导的时间状语从句,前置后需部分倒装(助动词 can 提前);“采取有效措施减少污染”译为 take effective measures to reduce pollution(不定式作目的状语),逻辑清晰,句式复杂且规范。
类型二:语义精准转换(避免中式直译)
1.(2025 浦东三模)中文:低碳生活的理念正在被越来越多的人接受,这有助于缓解全球变暖。
【参考翻译】The concept of low-carbon life is being accepted by a growing number of people, which helps alleviate global warming.
【解析】“理念被接受”转换为被动语态 is being accepted(现在进行时被动,强调正在发生);“越来越多的人”译为 a growing number of people(比 more and more people 更高级);“有助于缓解”译为 helps alleviate(alleviate 比 reduce 更贴合“缓解变暖”的搭配);非限制性定语从句 which 指代前文整体内容,逻辑连贯。
2.(2022上海卷)中文:他花了五年时间走遍全国,收集了大量民间故事。
【参考翻译】He spent five years traveling around the country, collecting a large number of folk stories.
【解析】“花时间做某事”用 spend time doing sth.(固定搭配),避免直译“take him five years to travel”(虽正确但不如 spend 句式自然);“收集”用现在分词 collecting 作伴随状语,体现“走遍全国”与“收集故事”的同时性,比并列句“and collected”更简洁。
类型三:语法易错点规避(时态、主谓一致、固定搭配)
1.中文:传统工艺被年轻工匠赋予了新的生命力,吸引了众多年轻消费者。
【参考翻译】Traditional crafts have been endowed with new vitality by young artisans, attracting a large number of young consumers.
【解析】“被赋予”译为 have been endowed with(固定短语 endow with,比 give 更高级);现在完成时被动强调“赋予”的结果持续到现在;“吸引”用现在分词 attracting 作结果状语,避免主谓不一致(如误写为 attracts,导致逗号连接两个谓语动词)。
2.(2021上海卷)中文:这本书出版后,受到了读者的广泛好评,成为了畅销书。
【参考翻译】After the book was published, it was widely praised by readers and became a bestseller.
【解析】“出版”转换为被动语态 was published(书是被出版);时态一致(一般过去时);“受到广泛好评”译为 was widely praised(避免中式直译“received wide praise”,被动更符合英语表达习惯);“畅销书”译为 bestseller(固定术语)。
(建议用时:25分钟)
1.随着人工智能的发展,许多传统行业正面临着巨大的挑战。(With…)(汉译英)
【答案】With the development of artificial intelligence, many traditional industries are facing significant challenges.
【详解】考查介词短语、动词、短语和名词。表示“随着……的发展”应用with的复合结构with the development of...,表示“人工智能”短语为artificial intelligence,所以“随着人工智能的发展”翻译为With the development of artificial intelligence;表示“许多传统行业”短语为many traditional industries;表示“面临”应用动词face,此处表示该动作正在发生,故使用现在进行时,主语为复数,be动词用are;表示“巨大的挑战”短语为significant challenges。故翻译为With the development of artificial intelligence, many traditional industries are facing significant challenges。
2.随着新学期的开始,学生们需要快速调整心态,以适应更加紧张和繁重的学习任务。(adjust to) (汉译英)
【答案】With the start of the new semester, students need to quickly adjust their mindset to adapt to more intense and demanding academic tasks.
【详解】考查介词和时态。“随着……的开始”表达为With the start of...;“新学期”是the new semester;“需要做某事”表达为need to do sth;“快速”即quickly ;“调整心态”表达为adjust one's mindset,这里主语是students,所以用their;“适应”表达为adapt to;“更加紧张和繁重的”表达为more intense and demanding ;“学习任务”表达为academic tasks。句子陈述一般情况,用一般现在时。故译为With the start of the new semester, students need to quickly adjust their mindset to adapt to more intense and demanding academic tasks.
3.这位年轻企业家凭借其独特的视野和卓越的领导力所取得的惊人成就,远远超出了包括他家人在内的所有人的预期。(exceed) (汉译英)
【答案】The remarkable achievements made by this young entrepreneur, thanks to his unique vision and exceptional leadership, far exceeded everyone’s expectations, including his family.
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。表示“惊人成就”可用the remarkable achievements;表示“这位年轻企业家所取得的”可用过去分词短语made by this young entrepreneur,修饰achievements;表示“凭借”可用短语thanks to;表示“其独特的视野和卓越的领导力”为his unique vision and exceptional leadership;表示“远远超出了”用far exceed;表示“所有人的预期”可用everyone’s expectations;表示“包括他家人在内”为including his family。发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为The remarkable achievements made by this young entrepreneur, thanks to his unique vision and exceptional leadership, far exceeded everyone’s expectations, including his family.
4.你口口声声说自己要管住嘴,可为什么又点了一份炸鸡? (how come) (汉译英)
【答案】You keep saying you are going on a diet/ will watch what you eat, but how come you ordered (a portion of) fried chicken again?
【详解】考查固定搭配和宾语从句。句子由转折连词but连接两个分句,前一分句中“口口声声说”用keep saying表示持续的动作,其后接宾语从句you are going on a diet/ will watch what you eat,“管住嘴”可译为go on a diet(节食)或watch what you eat(注意饮食);后一分句用how come引导疑问句,表“为什么”,其后接陈述语序,“点了一份炸鸡”体现动作已发生,用一般过去时ordered,“一份炸鸡”可译为a portion of fried chicken或直接fried chicken,“又”用again体现重复的动作。故翻译为You keep saying you are going on a diet/ will watch what you eat, but how come you ordered (a portion of) fried chicken again?
5.天文学家以望远镜为锚,凝神凝望行星轨道的细微变化,深邃夜空下这一幕显得格外迷人。(anchor) (汉译英)
【答案】Anchored by his telescope, the astronomer gazes absorbedly at the slight variations in the planets’ orbits, and the scene appears particularly fascinating against the profound night sky.
【详解】考查非谓语动词、并列结构及固定搭配。该句为两个分句和一个非谓语作状语构成;第一个分句:表示“天文学家”用astronomer,作主语;“凝神凝望”用gaze absorbedly at,gaze作谓语,陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,“行星轨道的细微变化”译为the slight variations in the planets’ orbits,作宾语;第二个分句:“这一幕”表达为the scene,作主语,“格外迷人”用appear particularly fascinating,appear作谓语,同样用一般现在时,“深邃夜空下”用against the profound night sky;两个分句为并列关系,用and连接。“以望远镜为锚”表伴随状态,且astronomer与anchor为被动关系,故用过去分词短语Anchored by his telescope作状语。故翻译为:Anchored by his telescope, the astronomer gazes absorbedly at the slight variations in the planets’ orbits, and the scene appears particularly fascinating against the profound night sky.
6.近期多起儿童误食蜡笔引发窒息的报道提醒家长,需要妥善保管此类文具,避免意外发生。(where) (汉译英)
【答案】Recent coverage (of multiple cases) where young children accidentally ate crayons and suffered from choking reminds parents to keep such stationery properly to avoid accidents.
【详解】考查定语从句及固定搭配。表示“近期”用recent;“多起……的报道”译为coverage of multiple cases,“儿童误食蜡笔引发窒息”为定语从句修饰cases,cases为抽象地点类先行词,用关系副词where引导,并在从句中作地点状语,从句主语“儿童”young children,“误食蜡笔”译为accidentally eat crayons,eat作谓语,陈述过去的事情,用一般过去时,“引发窒息”译为suffer from choking,suffer和eat是并列谓语,也用一般过去时;“提醒家长”用remind parents,remind作主句谓语,陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语为coverage,谓语用第三人称单数形式,“妥善保管此类文具”keep such stationery properly,用不定式作宾补,“避免意外发生”译为avoid accidents,用不定式作目的状语。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为:Recent coverage (of multiple cases) where young children accidentally ate crayons and suffered from choking reminds parents to keep such stationery properly to avoid accidents.
7.内科医生一丝不苟地进行了多项筛查,以排除患脑癌的可能性。(rule) (汉译英)
【答案】The physician carried out several screenings carefully and thoroughly to rule out the possibility of brain cancer.
【详解】考查不定式作目的状语及固定搭配。表示“内科医生”用the physician作主语,“进行多项筛查”用carry out several screenings,carry out作谓语,陈述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,动词使用过去式形式,“一丝不苟地”译为carefully and thoroughly,作状语;“排除”对应固定短语rule out,表目的,用动词不定式形式,“患脑癌的可能性”译为the possibility of brain cancer,作宾语。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为:The physician carried out several screenings carefully and thoroughly to rule out the possibility of brain cancer.
8.新郎身着剪裁精美的西装,将新娘拥入怀中,这一刻他期盼已久。(The moment)(汉译英)
【答案】The moment when the bridegroom, dressed in a fine/well-tailored suit, embraces/gives a hug to his bride, is what he has looked forward to for long.
【详解】考查定语从句、非谓语动词和表语从句。根据句意,该句描述的是婚礼上的一个经典场景,主句用一般现在时表客观画面,从句用现在完成时表持续的期盼;表示“这一刻”为the moment作主语;表示“新郎身着剪裁精美的西装,将新娘拥入怀中”作定语从句修饰先行词The moment,先行词在从句中作时间状语,所以使用关系副词when引导,从句中“新郎”为the bridegroom作主语,“身着剪裁精美的西装”为过去分词短语dressed in a fine/well-tailored suit作后置定语修饰the bridegroom,“将新娘拥入怀中”为embraces/gives a hug to his bride作从句谓语和宾语;主句谓语动词用is,“他期盼已久的”作表语从句,连接代词what在从句中作宾语,“期盼”为look forward to,“很久”为for long作状语。故翻译为The moment when the bridegroom, dressed in a fine / well- tailored suit, embraces/ gives a hug to his bride, is what he has looked forward to for long.
9.百年历史古戏台风韵犹存,依稀可辨当年辉煌。(whose) (汉译英)
【答案】The century-old opera stage, whose past/ former glory is faintly visible, retains/ keeps its original charm/ glamour.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句、形容词和动词。根据句意,该句描述客观存在的状态,全句使用一般现在时,表示“百年历史古戏台”为the century-old opera stage作主语;表示“风韵犹存”为retain/keep its original charm/glamour作谓语和宾语部分,主语为单数,所以谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式;表示“依稀可辨当年辉煌”作非限制性定语从句修饰先行词The century-old opera stage,先行词与从句中的“当年辉煌”为所属关系,所以使用关系代词whose引导,“当年辉煌”为past/former glory作从句主语,“依稀可辨”为is faintly visible。故翻译为The century-old opera stage, whose past/ former glory is faintly visible, retains/ keeps its original charm/ glamour.
10.她翻着电子相册,绘声绘色地给我讲了在法国小镇的所见所闻,还非要跟我显摆意外习得的几句法语。(account)(汉译英)
【答案】Browsing / Leafing / Scrolling through her digital album, she gave me a vivid account of her experiences in the French town and insisted on showing off to me the few French phrases she had accidentally picked up.
【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定搭配和定语从句。根据句意,该句描述过去发生的动作,全句以一般过去时为基调;表示“翻着电子相册”作伴随状语,与主语she为主动关系,使用现在分词形式,“翻(电子相册)”可译为browsing/leafing/scrolling through,“电子相册”为her digital album;表示“绘声绘色地给我讲了……的所见所闻”使用固定搭配give me a vivid account of sth.,give的过去式为gave,“她在法国小镇的所见所闻”译为her experiences in the French town作介词of的宾语;表示“还非要跟我显摆”使用并列连词and连接,“非要做某事”译为insist on doing sth.,insist的过去式为insisted,“显摆”为show off;表示“意外习得的几句法语”中,“几句法语”为the few French phrases,“意外习得的”使用定语从句修饰名词短语,先行词the few French phrases在从句中作宾语,可省略关系代词that/which,“习得”为pick up,“意外”为accidentally,从句动作发生在主句动作之前,使用过去完成时had picked up,因此定语从句译为she had accidentally picked up。故翻译为Browsing / Leafing / Scrolling through her digital album, she gave me a vivid account of her experiences in the French town and insisted on showing off to me the few French phrases she had accidentally picked up.
11.校门口,妈妈往她包里塞了一副手套和一条羊毛围巾。(pack) (汉译英)
【答案】At the school gate, her mother packed a pair of gloves and a woolen scarf into her bag.
【详解】考查动词、介词短语和名词。表示“在校门口”短语为at the school gate,在句中作地点状语;表示“她的妈妈”应用her mother;表示“塞……进……里”短语为pack...into...,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,动词pack用过去式packed;表示“一副手套”短语为a pair of gloves;表示“一条羊毛围巾”短语为a woolen scarf ;表示“包”应用bag。故答案为At the school gate, her mother packed a pair of gloves and a woolen scarf into her bag.
12.这位工程师将心血倾注于芯片研发,不断攻坚克难,赢得了“时代楷模”的美名。(invest) (汉译英)
【答案】The engineer invested all his efforts in chip research, constantly overcoming difficulties, and earned the title “Role Model of the Times.”
【详解】考查动词、副词和名词。表示“工程师”用the engineer;表示“倾注……于”短语为invest...in...,此处用invest all his efforts in表示“将心血倾注于”,句子表述过去事实,故使用一般过去时;表示“芯片研发”短语为chip research;表示“不断”短语为constantly;表示“攻坚克难”短语为overcome difficulties,此处使用副词constantly作状语修饰动词,同时the engineer与overcome之间是主动关系,故使用现在分词作状语;表示“赢得……美名”短语为earn the title of...,此处用earned the title “Role Model of the Times”表示“赢得了‘时代楷模’的美名”,与前文invested构成并列。故翻译为The engineer invested all his efforts in chip research, constantly overcoming difficulties, and earned the title “Role Model of the Times.”
13.在失重的环境中,吃饭喝水皆非易事,但中国人对吃的挚爱让我们的宇航员在空间站里成功吃上了烧烤盛宴。(so...that...) (汉译英)
【答案】In a weightless environment, eating and drinking are so challenging that Chinese astronauts’ deep love for food enabled them to enjoy a barbecue feast successfully in the space station.
【详解】考查短语、时态和状语从句。表示“在失重的环境中”可用in a weightless environment,作状语;表示“吃饭喝水”可用动名词eating and drinking;表示“皆非易事”可用be challenging,陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是两个并列的动名词,为复数意义,be用are;“中国人对吃的挚爱让我们的宇航员在空间站里成功吃上了烧烤盛宴”可处理为结果状语从句,表示“如此……以至于”用so…that…;从句中主语表示“中国人对吃的挚爱”可理解为“中国宇航员对食物的深厚热爱”用Chinese astronauts’ deep love for food;表示“使某人能够……”可用enable sb. to do sth.,从句陈述已经发生的事,用一般过去时,enable用过去式enabled;表示“成功吃上了烧烤盛宴”可用enjoy a barbecue feast successfully;表示“在空间站里”为in the space station。故翻译为In a weightless environment, eating and drinking are so challenging that Chinese astronauts’ deep love for food enabled them to enjoy a barbecue feast successfully in the space station.
14.受深厚的农耕文化与生态旅游资源驱动。这座偏远村庄如今已蜕变为宜居宜游的美丽乡村。(fuel) (汉译英)
【答案】Fueled by its rich farming culture and eco-tourism resources, this remote village has now transformed into a livable and tourist-friendly beautiful countryside.
【详解】考查过去分词和时态。“受……驱动”,fuel有“给……提供燃料;推动”之意,和逻辑主语“村庄”之间是被动关系,这里用过去分词短语Fueled by...作状语表被动和原因,“深厚的农耕文化与生态旅游资源”为its rich farming culture and eco-tourism resources。“偏远村庄”表达为remote village,“如今已蜕变”表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,用现在完成时has now transformed,transform into表示“转变为” ,“宜居宜游的美丽乡村”表达为a livable and tourist-friendly beautiful countryside。故翻译为:Fueled by its rich farming culture and eco-tourism resources, this remote village has now transformed into a livable and tourist-friendly beautiful countryside.
15.这款衬衫的价格比上周降了100元,现在买性价比特别高。(by) (汉译英)
【答案】The price of this shirt has dropped by 100 yuan compared with last week, so it is now extremely cost-effective to buy one.
【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语、固定句型和时态。根据句意以及句子提示词可知,表示“这款衬衫的价格”应为名词短语The price of this shirt;表示价格“降低了具体金额”,用drop by +金额,是符合题目要求的固定搭配;价格的变化对现在产生影响(现在性价比高),因此用现在完成时has dropped。表示“比上周”可译为compared with last week;后接it is+形容词+ to do sth的固定句型,表示“性价比极高”应为形容词短语extremely cost-effective。故翻译为:The price of this shirt has dropped by 100 yuan compared with last week, so it is now extremely cost-effective to buy one.
16.凭借过硬的专业素养面试后,多家研发机构向这位毕业生伸出了橄榄枝。(Thanks to) (汉译英)
【答案】Thanks to his strong professional competence, this graduate received job offers from several research and development institutions after the interview./Thanks to his excellent professional skills, multiple research and development institutions offered positions to this graduate after the interview./Thanks to his solid professional expertise, several research and development institutions extended offers to this graduate following the interview.
【详解】考查短语、形容词和名词。句子描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时;表示“凭借”用短语Thanks to,后接名词性成分;表示“过硬的专业素养”可用strong professional competence/excellent professional skills/solid professional expertise等表达,其中professional是形容词作定语,意为“专业的”,competence是名词作宾语,意为“能力”,expertise是名词作宾语,意为“专长”;表示“面试后”用after/following the interview;表示“多家研发机构”用several/multiple research and development institutions,其中multiple是形容词作定语,意为“多个的”,research and development是固定搭配,意为“研发”,institution是名词,意为“机构”;“向……伸出橄榄枝”在该语境下意为“提供工作机会”,可用offer positions to/extend offers to,动词offer或extend使用过去式offered 或extended,后接“这位毕业生”this graduate作宾语;也可以用this graduate为主语,表述为“从多家研发机构收到工作机会”,“从……收到工作机会”用receive job offers from,receive使用过去式received ,“多家研发机构”作宾语。故翻译为:Thanks to his strong professional competence, this graduate received job offers from several research and development institutions after the interview./Thanks to his excellent professional skills, multiple research and development institutions offered positions to this graduate after the interview./Thanks to his solid professional expertise, several research and development institutions extended offers to this graduate following the interview.
17.初学做饭经常会出现这种问题,再试一次就好!(arise)(汉译英)
【答案】When you are new to cooking, this kind of problem often arises. Just try again!
【详解】考查状语从句和动词用法。“初学做饭”可用when引导的时间状语从句表达,即when sb. is new to cooking;主句主语“这种问题”译为 this kind of problem;谓语“出现”用动词arise,“经常”用副词often,句子表示经常发生的行为,用一般现在时;后半句“再试一次就好”为祈使句,可译为 just try again。故翻译为:When you are new to cooking, this kind of problem often arises. Just try again!
18.参与古籍修复工作坊后,我明白了看似简单的工序,需要耐心与技巧的双重打磨。(after)(汉译英)
【答案】After participating in the ancient book restoration workshop, I realized that the seemingly simple procedures require the double polishing of patience and skills.
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“……之后”用介词after;表示“参与”短语为participate in,作介词的宾语,用动名词形式;表示“古籍修复工作坊”可用the ancient book restoration workshop;主语为I;表示“意识到”可用realize that,that引导宾语从句;表示“看似简单的工序”为the seemingly simple procedures;表示“需要”用动词require,作谓语,陈述事实用一般现在时;表示“耐心与技巧的双重打磨”为the double polishing of patience and skills。发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为After participating in the ancient book restoration workshop, I realized that the seemingly simple procedures require the double polishing of patience and skills.
19.我的曾祖母依然保留着使用手帕的习惯。(stick) (汉译英)
【答案】My great-grandmother still sticks to the habit of using a handkerchief.
【详解】考查短语和时态。主语“我的曾祖母”为my great-grandmother;表示“依然”用副词still;表示“保留着,坚持着”短语为stick to;表示“使用手帕的习惯”可用the habit of using a handkerchief。表示习惯性动作用一般现在时。故翻译为My great-grandmother still sticks to the habit of using a handkerchief.
20.这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助,这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。(汉译英)(Every time . . .)
【答案】Every time the software engineer encounters a problem, he turns to his team for help, which sufficiently demonstrates the core value of teamwork.
【详解】考查状语从句、动词时态、非限制性定语从句和动词短语。根据句意,该句描述软件工程师一贯的行为,使用一般现在时,根据提示,表示“每每遇到问题时”使用every time引导的时间状语从句,位于句首单词首字母需大写,表示“遇到”为encounter,主语“这位软件工程师”为the software engineer,为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词为encounters,所以“这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时”译为Every time the software engineer encounters a problem;主句“向……求助”为turn to...for help,表示“团队”为his team作宾语,所以主句“都会向团队求助”可译为he turns to his team for help;表示“这足以说明团队协作的核心价值”可使用which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句内容,which在从句中作主语;表示“说明”为demonstrates作定语从句的谓语,表示“足以”为sufficiently修饰动词demonstrates,表示“团队协作的核心价值”作宾语,可译为the core value of teamwork。故翻译为Every time the software engineer encounters a problem, he turns to his team for help, which sufficiently demonstrates the core value of teamwork.
21.超速不仅对于你的乘客而言是非常危险的,而且也是违反法律的。(against)(汉译英)
【答案】Speeding is not only very dangerous for your passengers, but also against the law.
【详解】考查动词时态。表示“超速”应用speeding;表示“不仅……而且……”应用not only…but also…;表示“是”应用be,陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语为speeding,be动词用is;表示“非常危险的”应用very dangerous;表示“对于你的乘客而言”应用for your passengers;表示“违反法律的”应用against the law。故翻译成:Speeding is not only very dangerous for your passengers, but also against the law.。
22.初冬的午后,我漫步在这所知名学府的校园,踏着铺满落叶的草坪,享受着书香带来的内心安宁。(wander) (汉译英)
【答案】On an early winter afternoon, I wandered around the campus of this prestigious university, stepping on the lawn covered with fallen leaves, enjoying the inner peace brought by the scholarly atmosphere.
【详解】考查固定短语,时态和非谓语动词。“初冬的午后”翻译为on an early winter afternoon,作时间状语;主语“我”为I,“漫步在”是wander around,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,wander用过去式wandered ,“这所知名学府的校园”翻译为the campus of this prestigious university,作about的宾语,即I wandered around the campus of this prestigious university;“踏着”是step on,与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系,用现在分词作状语,“草坪”是the lawn,“铺满落叶的”用过去分词短语covered with fallen leaves表被动,作后置定语,修饰名词lawn,即stepping on the lawn covered with fallen leaves;“享受着”是enjoy,与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系,用现在分词作状语,“内心安宁”是the inner peace,“书香带来的”用过去分词短语brought by the scholarly atmosphere作后置定语,修饰the inner peace,即enjoying the inner peace brought by the scholarly atmosphere。故答案为On an early winter afternoon, I wandered around the campus of this prestigious university, stepping on the lawn covered with fallen leaves, enjoying the inner peace brought by the scholarly atmosphere.
23.通过这部纪录片,导演成功地向观众传递了保护濒危物种的重要性。(communicate) (汉译英)
【答案】Through this documentary, the director successfully communicated the importance of protecting endangered species to the audience.
【详解】考查介词短语、时态和固定搭配。方式状语“通过这部纪录片”用介词短语through this documentary;主语“导演”用the director表示;“成功地”用副词successfully,修饰谓语动词;谓语“传递”用动词communicate,描述已经发生的事情,用一般过去时态;宾语“保护濒危物种的重要性”译为the importance of protecting endangered species;“向观众”用介词短语to the audience表示。综上,全句译为:Through this documentary, the director successfully communicated the importance of protecting endangered species to the audience.
24.劳动实践不仅能让我们体会劳动价值,还能培养工匠精神,从而助力个人长远发展。(not only) (汉译英)
【答案】Labor practice not only helps us understand the value of work but also develops craftsman’s spirit, supporting our long-term personal growth.
【详解】考查名词(短语)、动词(短语)、形容词和非谓语动词。句子在介绍通常的情况,时态宜用一般现在时;主语“劳动实践”可用名词短语labor practice,“不仅……而且……”可用表示并列的连词短语not only… but also…,“能让我们体会劳动价值”可理解为“帮助我们体会劳动价值”,“帮助某人做某事”可用动词短语help sb. do,“我们”用代词us,“体会”可用动词understand,“劳动价值”可用名词短语the value of work,“培养”可用动词develop,“工匠精神”可用名词短语craftsman’s spirit,“从而助力个人长远发展”是随谓语行为自然发生的结果,可用现在分词作结果状语,“助力”可用动词support,“个人长远发展”可用名词短语our long-term personal growth。故可译为:Labor practice not only helps us understand the value of work but also develops craftsman’s spirit, supporting our long-term personal growth.
25.谁能抑制住想要抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫的欲望呢? (desire) (汉译英)
【答案】Who can resist the desire to hug this chubby and adorable little kitten?
【详解】考查疑问句和非谓语动词。“谁”用特殊疑问词who;“能”用情态动词can;“抑制……的欲望”翻译为resist the desire,后接不定式作后置定语;“抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫”翻译为hug this chubby and adorable little kitten。故答案为Who can resist the desire to hug this chubby and adorable little kitten?
26.每当他高兴的时候,就会手舞足蹈。(whenever) (汉译英)
【答案】Whenever he feels happy, he can’t help waving his hands and jumping for joy./He waves his hands and dances with excitement whenever he’s in a good mood.
【详解】考查状语从句、动词短语、形容词和介词短语。句子是描述通常性的行为,时态宜用一般现在时,整个句子可处理为主从复合句,“每当他高兴的时候”可用whenever“每当……的时候”引导时间状语从句,“(他)就会手舞足蹈”为主句;从句主语“他”用代词he,“高兴”可用系动词feel和形容词happy,或系动词is和介词短语in a good mood,构成系表结构;主句隐含的主语“他”用代词he,“会手舞足蹈”可理解为“情不自禁地手舞足蹈”,“情不自禁做某事”可用动词短语can’t help doing,“手舞足蹈”可用动词短语wave his hands and jump for joy,或直接用动词短语wave his hands and dance with excitement表达。故可译为:Whenever he feels happy, he can’t help waving his hands and jumping for joy./He waves his hands and dances with excitement whenever he’s in a good mood.
27.每天抽几分钟跳绳,就能提升心肺功能。(spare)(汉译英)
【答案】Spare a few minutes every day for skipping rope, and you will be able to improve your cardiopulmonary function.
【详解】考查祈使句型、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子提示词可知,该句采用 “祈使句 + and + 陈述句”的结构,表示“每天抽几分钟跳绳”应为动词短语Spare a few minutes every day for skipping rope;结合句意,可知and之后的陈述句主语应该使用you,表示“能够做某事”应为动词短语be able to do,陈述将来发生的事情,为一般将来时,即you will be able to;表示“提升心肺功能”应为动词短语improve your cardiopulmonary function,放在动词不定式符号to后。故翻译为:Spare a few minutes every day for skipping rope, and you will be able to improve your cardiopulmonary function.
28.木雕技艺经久不衰,全靠匠人们精益求精、代代相传。(appeal)(汉译英)
【答案】The enduring appeal of woodcarving craftsmanship lies in the craftsmen’s pursuit of excellence and its inheritance from generation to generation.
【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知,表示“木雕工艺经久不衰的魅力”应为名词短语The enduring appeal of woodcarving craftsmanship;表示“源于”应为动词短语lie in,该句应为陈述客观事实,为一般现在时,主语是单数,lie用第三人称单数形式lies;表示“工匠对卓越的追求”应为名词短语the craftsmen’s pursuit of excellence;表示“它的传承代代相传”应为名词短语its inheritance from generation to generation;两个并列的名词短语用and连接,作介词in的宾语。故翻译为:The enduring appeal of woodcarving craftsmanship lies in the craftsmen’s pursuit of excellence and its inheritance from generation to generation.
29.真的太神奇了,人工智能使许多不可能都变成了现实。(amazing) (汉译英)
【答案】It is truly amazing that artificial intelligence has turned many impossibilities into realities.
【详解】考查形容词、名词、短语和时态。表示“真的”应用副词truly;句子表述客观事实,故使用一般现在时,表示“太神奇了”用it is truly amazing that...,其中amazing为形容词作表语,it为形式主语,that引导主语从句,为真正的主语;表示“人工智能”短语为artificial intelligence;表示“使……变成……”短语为turn...into...,此处表示动作发生在过去,对现在产生影响,故使用现在完成时;表示“许多不可能”短语为many impossibilities;表示“现实”应用名词reality,此处表示复数意义,故用reality。故翻译为It is truly amazing that artificial intelligence has turned many impossibilities into realities.
30.新课程告诉我们:学习过程中及时有效的自我评价不仅能够保证学习的速度和质量,更能保证学习方向的正确性。(but) (汉译英)
【答案】The new course tells us that timely and effective self-evaluation during the learning process can not only ensure the speed and quality of learning, but guarantee the correctness of the learning direction.
【详解】考查短语和时态。主语“新课程”为the new course;表示“告诉某人”为tell sb.,后跟宾语从句,从句不缺少句意和成分,故用that;从句主语表示“及时有效的自我评价”为timely and effective self-evaluation;表示“学习过程中”可用during the learning process;表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but (also)…;表示“保证学习的速度和质量”为ensure the speed and quality of learning;表示“保证学习方向的正确性”为guarantee the correctness of the learning direction,且can后跟动词原形。故翻译为The new course tells us that timely and effective self-evaluation during the learning process can not only ensure the speed and quality of learning, but guarantee the correctness of the learning direction.
31.一吃完晚饭,她就迫不及待地的邀请我们去她家附近那条美丽的湖边散步。(on) (汉译英)
【答案】On finishing the dinner, she couldn’t help inviting us to take a walk along the beautiful lake near her home.
【详解】考查动词、短语和非谓语动词。表示“一……就……”应用固定短语on doing sth.;表示“完成”应用动词finish,此处用动名词形式作宾语,表示“吃完晚餐”用finish the dinner;表示“迫不及待做某事”短语为couldn’t help doing sth.;表示“邀请某人做某事”短语为invite sb. to do sth.;表示“散步”短语为take a walk;表示“沿着……边”短语为along;表示“美丽的湖”短语为the beautiful lake;表示“在她家附近”短语为near her home。故翻译为On finishing the dinner, she couldn’t help inviting us to take a walk along the beautiful lake near her home.
32.睡姿关乎心脑健康,因此选择一个你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的睡姿是明智之举。(where)(汉译英)
【答案】Sleeping posture matters to heart and brain health, so it is wise to choose a position where you feel most comfortable and wake up the least often at night.
【详解】考查定语从句、连词和形式主语it。表示“睡姿”用Sleeping posture,作主语;表示“关乎……”用matter to...;表示“心脑健康”短语为heart and brain health,作宾语;表示“做某事是明智之举”用固定句型it is wise to do sth.;表示“选择一个睡姿”用choose a position;表示“你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的”用where you feel most comfortable and wake up the least often at night,此处是where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词position,where在从句中作地点状语;前后句是因果关系,逗号后用so连接。故翻译为Sleeping posture matters to heart and brain health, so it is wise to choose a position where you feel most comfortable and wake up the least often at night.
33.作家饱受战争摧残的童年充斥着不安,给他的作品投下阴影,孕育出黑暗的主题。(give rise) (汉译英)
【答案】The writer’s war-torn childhood, filled with insecurity, cast a shadow over his works and gave rise to dark themes.
【详解】考查时态,非谓语动词和固定搭配。句子描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时;表示“作家的”用名词所有格the writer’s表示,“饱受战争摧残的童年”短语为war-torn childhood,“作家饱受战争摧残的童年”即The writer’s war-torn childhood,作主语,句首单词首字母大写;表示“充斥着不安”用filled with insecurity,用过去分词短语作后置定语修饰名词childhood;表示“给……投下阴影”短语为cast a shadow over...,动词使用过去式cast;表示“他的作品”用his works,作宾语,即cast a shadow over his works;根据提示give rise可知,此处表示 “孕育出”用固定搭配give rise to,give使用过去式gave,表示 “黑暗的主题”用dark themes,作宾语,即gave rise to dark themes;用and连接并列的谓语动词。故翻译为The writer’s war-torn childhood, filled with insecurity, cast a shadow over his works and gave rise to dark themes.
34.为使这款产品在竞争激烈的市场中脱颖而出,公司负责人建议把传统文化融入到产品的设计理念中。(integrate) (汉译英)
【答案】To make this product stand out in the fiercely competitive market, the company’s leader suggested integrating traditional culture into the design concept of the product.
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。“使……脱颖而出”用动词短语make...stand out,宾语“这款产品”用this product,地点状语“在竞争激烈的市场中”用介词短语in the fiercely competitive market,且“为使这款产品在竞争激烈的市场中脱颖而出”表目的,应动词不定式形式to make this product stand out in the fiercely competitive market作目的状语;主语“公司负责人”用the company’s leader,谓语“建议”用动词suggest,描述过去的行为,用一般过去时态suggested,“把传统文化融入到产品的设计理念中”用动词短语integrate traditional culture into the design concept of the product,用动名词形式作宾语。综上,全句译为:To make this product stand out in the fiercely competitive market, the company’s leader suggested integrating traditional culture into the design concept of the product.
35.应该鼓励孩子们多参与户外活动。(encourage)(汉译英)
【答案】We should encourage children to participate in more outdoor activities.
【详解】考查动词、短语和名词。表示“应该”应用情态动词should;表示“鼓励某人做某事”短语为encourage sb. to do sth.,此处“我们”作主语,应用we,“孩子们”作宾语,应用children;表示“参与”短语为participate in;表示“更多的户外活动”短语为more outdoor activities。故翻译为We should encourage children to participate in more outdoor activities.
36.近年来,该地区牛奶消耗量稳步堤升,足见民众的健康意识已然深入人心。(which) (汉译英)
【答案】In recent years, milk consumption in this region has been rising steadily, which clearly indicates that people’s health awareness has been deeply rooted.
【详解】考查定语从句、宾语从句和时态。“近年来”可译为in recent years,所在句应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时;“该地区牛奶消耗量稳步提升”表示从过去到现在一直发生的动作,故应用现在完成进行时;“牛奶消耗量”可译为milk consumption,作主语,谓语应用单数,副词steadily表示“稳步地”,故该部分译为In recent years, milk consumption in this region has been rising steadily。“足见民众的健康意识已然深入人心”可理解为“清楚地表明人们的健康意识已经深深地扎根”,可用which引导的非限制性定语从句表达,修饰前面的主句,在从句中作主语,该句表达客观现实,故应用一般现在时,谓语动词为单数;动词indicate表示“表明”,作谓语,后可接以that引导的宾语从句,表示“民众的健康意识已经深深扎根”,从句表示从过去到现在已经完成的动作,故应用现在完成时,主语是“民众的健康意识”,可译为people’s health awareness,动词root表示“扎根于”,与主语之间应为被动关系,表示“意识被扎根”,且谓语为单数形式,故该部分译为which clearly indicates that people’s health awareness has been deeply rooted。故全句译为In recent years, milk consumption in this region has been rising steadily, which clearly indicates that people’s health awareness has been deeply rooted.。
37.工会每个月推出惠民活动,大家只需网上预约,就可免费体验。(available) (汉译英)
【答案】The labor union launches benefit-the-people activities every month, which are available to everyone for free just with an online reservation.
【详解】考查动词、短语和定语从句。表示“工会”用名词短语The labor union,作主语;表示“推出”用动词launches,描述每月都有的常规活动,用一般现在时;表示“惠民活动”用名词短语benefit-the-people activities,作宾语,其中benefit-the-people作定语,意为“造福人民的”;表示“大家可免费体验”用非限定性定语从句which are available to everyone for free,其中which指代惠民活动,固定短语be available to sb.意为“某人可使用”;表示“只需网上预约”用短语just with an online reservation。故翻译为The labor union launches benefit-the-people activities every month, which are available to everyone for free just with an online reservation.
38.一个个小型美术馆在上海的社区中悄然兴起了。(emerge)(汉译英)
【答案】Small art galleries have quietly emerged in communities across Shanghai.
【详解】考查短语和时态。主语“一个个小型美术馆”为small art galleries;表示“悄然兴起”为quietly emerge;表示“在上海的社区中”可用in communities across Shanghai,表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时。故翻译为Small art galleries have quietly emerged in communities across Shanghai.
39.汉字并非简单的符号,而是图像的组合,能让读者联想到自然万物。(Instead of)(汉译英)
【答案】Instead of being simple symbols, Chinese characters are combinations of images, which can remind readers of all things in nature.
【详解】考查固定短语及定语从句。陈述客观事实,为一般现在时;“并非”用Instead of,“简单的符号”表达为simple symbols,Instead of后接动词 -ing 形式,故为Instead of being simple symbols ;“汉字”为“Chinese characters”;“图像的组合”是combinations of images,“是”用are;“能让读者联想到自然万物”,这里用 which引导的非限制性定语从句,“让某人联想到”表达为remind sb. of,“自然万物”是all things in nature。故翻译为Instead of being simple symbols, Chinese characters are combinations of images, which can remind readers of all things in nature.
40.年轻人借助多媒体和直播,打破了销售的时空限制,让农产品走出乡村,进入更大的市场 。(barrier) (汉译英)
【答案】By using multimedia and live streaming, young people have broken the barriers of time and space in sales, allowing agricultural products to move from the countryside into larger markets.
【详解】考查介词短语、名词、动词短语、非谓语动词和时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知,表示“借助多媒体和直播”应为介词短语By using multimedia and live streaming;表示“年轻人”为名词young people;表示“打破了销售的时空限制”应为动词短语break the barriers of time and space in sales;后接非谓语动词作状语,表示“让农产品走出乡村,进入更大的市场”应为动词短语allow agricultural products to move from the countryside into larger markets;此处allow和逻辑主语前面整句话为主动关系,所以为现在分词形式allowing;结合句意可知,该句应为表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响,谓语动词应为现在完成时。故翻译为:By using multimedia and live streaming, young people have broken the barriers of time and space in sales, allowing agricultural products to move from the countryside into larger markets.
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