重难点08 阅读理解：主旨大意全局掌控招（重难专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点08 阅读理解：主旨大意全局掌控招 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 明确近 5 年题型分布、命题特征，精准定位提分重点 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 拆解主题句定位、核心词提炼、逻辑结构分析三大核心技巧，搭配真题实例深化理解 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 针对单一主旨类型训练，夯实全局概括基本功 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦隐含主旨、段落主旨、干扰项辨析，提升概括准确性 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 完整语篇训练，还原命题场景，强化时间把控与答题效率 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2023+2025真题+2025模考） 命题趋势 考点 1：全文主旨概括（占主旨题 55%） 2025上海卷—概括“AI 在教育中的应用框架”全文核心；2022上海卷—概括“传统工艺的复兴之路”全文大意；2025 闵行二模—概括“城市农业的发展与价值”主旨；2025 浦东三模—概括“太阳能农场的生态优势”核心思想 1.题干多问“main idea”“best title”“primary purpose”； 2.正确项覆盖全文核心，不遗漏关键话题； 3.干扰项多为局部细节或过度延伸 考点 2：段落主旨归纳（占主旨题 30%） 2025上海卷—归纳“AI 框架中 Policy & Guidance 部分”的核心；2021上海卷—归纳“食物浪费解决措施段”的主旨；2025 徐汇二模—归纳“线上教育优势段”的核心思想；2025 静安三模—归纳“传统工艺创新段”的主旨 1.聚焦某一段落的核心观点，需区分“论点”与“论据”；2.段落主旨常位于首句、末句或转折后； 3.避免将举例、数据等细节当作主旨 考点 3：隐含主旨推断（占主旨题 15%） 2025上海卷—推断“宠物食品环境影响”文本的隐含主旨；2025 杨浦二模—推断“AI 农业应用”的隐含主旨；2025 长宁三模—推断“微学习局限性”的隐含思想 1.文本无明确主题句，需结合全文逻辑推导； 2.侧重提炼作者核心态度或意图； 3.需综合各段落核心，避免片面解读 技巧 1：主题句定位法 ——“首尾句 + 转折句”精准锁定 1.全文主题句：多位于首段首句（总起全文）、首段末句（总结引出）、末段首句（总结全文），议论文中常为观点句，说明文常为定义句。 2.段落主题句：多位于段首（总起段落）、段末（总结段落）、转折词（but/however/yet）后（转折引出核心）。 3.（2025上海卷 Section B） 文本结构：首段介绍 LDOE 的 AI 整合框架是“负责任的综合方案”，后文分点阐述框架各组件（Evaluation & Monitoring、Policy & Guidance 等），末段强调框架的核心价值。 题干：What is the main idea of the passage? A.The challenges of AI in education B.A comprehensive framework for AI in education C.The benefits of AI for students D.How to design AI tools for schools 分析：首段主题句明确“AI 整合框架是综合、负责任的方案”，后文围绕框架各部分展开，选项 B 全面覆盖主题，A、C、D 均为局部细节。 答案：B 技巧 2：核心词提炼法 ——“高频词 + 关键词”锁定主题 1.高频词：全文或段落中反复出现的名词/名词短语（多为主题核心），注意同义替换词（如 AI→artificial intelligence；slow fashion→quality-focused fashion）。 2.关键词：各段落核心词的交集，即全文共同围绕的核心话题。 3.（2023上海卷） 文本高频词：slow fashion（慢时尚）、fast fashion（快时尚）、waste（浪费）、quality（质量）、sustainability（可持续性）。 题干：What is the best title for the passage? A.The Rise of Fast Fashion B.Slow Fashion: A Sustainable Choice C.How to Reduce Fashion Waste D.The History of Fashion Trends 分析：高频词围绕“慢时尚”与“可持续性”展开，选项 B 包含核心词且概括全文，A 侧重快时尚（偏离），C 侧重减少浪费（细节），D 侧重时尚史（无中生有）。 答案：B 技巧3：逻辑结构分析法 ——“总分/分总/对比”提炼主旨 1.总分结构：首段提出主题，后文分点论证/说明，主旨为首段核心观点。 2.分总结构：前文分点阐述，末段总结核心，主旨为末段总结句。 3.对比结构：通过对比两个对象（如慢时尚 vs 快时尚、纸质笔记 vs 电子笔记），主旨为突出某一对象的特征或两者的差异。 4.（2021上海卷）： 文本结构：分总结构，前文介绍“全球食物浪费问题”（数据 + 现象），后文给出“解决措施”，末段呼吁“从自身做起”。 题干：What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage? A.To report food waste statistics B.To explain why food waste happens C.To urge people to reduce food waste D.To introduce food storage techniques 分析：末段总结呼吁为核心，选项 C 概括作者意图，A、D 为细节，B 未提及原因（无中生有）。 答案：C （建议用时：15分钟） 题型 1：全文主旨题（标题 / 主要内容） 真题例题 1（2021.1 上海高考 Passage A） 原文核心段落： Among all the different types of journey that people undertake there are also those of a spiritual nature. Some trips are for pleasure, some for strength, some for exploration and learning, and in all these, we grow wiser. We can learn much from the land, and the best way is by traveling and experiencing. This ancient aboriginal initiation ritual, widely known as “Walkabout” (later called “temporary mobility” to avoid derogatory connotations), is a long spiritual hike across indigenous land. Historically, Walkabout is a rite of passage for adolescent Aboriginal Australians (10-16 years old), who live alone in the wilderness for up to six months to transform into adults. Only those mentally and physically ready are allowed, with elders’ guidance and preparation beforehand. 题目：What is the main content of this passage? A. The popularity of different types of travel in Australia B. The introduction of the Aboriginal “Walkabout” ritual C. The spiritual benefits of traveling in the wilderness D. The preparation for Aboriginal adolescents’ adulthood 答案：B 解析：全文围绕澳大利亚土著的 “Walkabout” 仪式展开，介绍其名称由来、历史意义、参与要求等，A、C、D 仅为局部细节，B 概括全文核心。 真题例题 2（2023.6 上海高考 Passage C） 原文核心段落： The universe expands constantly, but the expansion rate remains a puzzle—Hubble telescope’s measurements show a faster modern expansion than Planck satellite’s observations of the early universe (over 13 billion years ago). This inconsistency has been studied for years, and recent Hubble data reduce the chance of it being a statistical fluke (1 in 100,000 now, down from 1 in 3,000). Researchers suggest new physics may be needed to explain the mismatch. Scientists use the “cosmic distance ladder” method, calibrating with Cepheid variables, to measure cosmic distances. Riess’ team refined the Hubble constant, but it still conflicts with Planck’s data. 题目：What is the passage mainly about? A. The methods to measure cosmic expansion B. The conflict in cosmic expansion rate measurements C. The role of Hubble and Planck in astronomy D. The need for new physics in cosmic research 答案：B 解析：全文核心是 “宇宙膨胀率测量存在矛盾”，后续围绕矛盾的具体表现、数据支撑、测量方法展开，A、C、D 均为支撑矛盾的细节，B 为全文主旨。 题型 2：段落主旨题 真题例题 1（2022.7 上海高考 Passage A） 原文段落： Contemporary artist Nick Smith creates pixelated works with hand-placed colour-chips, combining text and image. With 11 years of interior design experience, he reworks designs into hand-made collages, falling into fine art. His 2011 collage experiment of Warhol's “Marilyn” (assembling swatches as a challenge) inspired his career and unique style. The multi-layered works (image + word) explore complex art-historical concepts. Text is often narrative, readable in sequence, creating complementary or subversive meanings, and open to viewer interpretation. 题目：What is the main idea of this paragraph? A. Nick Smith’s artistic background and creative features B. The process of Nick Smith’s collage creation C. The influence of interior design on Nick Smith’s works D. The significance of text in Nick Smith’s art 答案：A 解析：段落先介绍 Smith 的设计背景，再讲其创作风格（拼贴、图文结合），B、C、D 仅为段落部分信息，A 全面概括核心。 真题例题 2（2025 上海高考 Passage B） 原文段落： The Louis Department of Education (LDOE)’s AI integration framework is a comprehensive, responsible approach to maximize AI’s benefits. It adopts a cycle of exploration and improvement, empowering schools to use AI responsibly while prioritizing student safety and future readiness. The framework aims to improve teaching, learning and outcomes through research, policy, community involvement and ongoing evaluation. 题目：What is the main idea of this paragraph? A. The goals of LDOE’s AI integration framework B. The structure of LDOE’s AI integration framework C. The advantages of AI application in education D. The challenges of AI integration in schools 答案：A 解析：段落核心是介绍 LDOE 人工智能整合框架的核心定位和目标，B 未提结构，C、D 偏离段落核心，A 准确概括。 （建议用时：20分钟） 题型 1：作者态度题 真题例题 1（2022.1 上海高考 Passage A） 原文核心态度句： Artificially sweetened diet drinks make no difference to weight gain and shouldn’t be seen as healthier. A review finds no solid evidence that they help prevent obesity or Type 2 diabetes, and industry-sponsored studies may be biased. British nutritionist Susan Jebb says replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened ones does no harm—tap water is best, but for those used to sugary drinks, the latter is a step to cut calories. Dietitian Tom Sanders criticizes the research as “an opinion piece, not a systematic review”, arguing the conclusion is unwarranted and may confuse the public. 题目：What is the author’s attitude towards artificially sweetened diet drinks? A. Fully supportive B. Strongly critical C. Neutral and objective D. Doubtful but tolerant 答案：C 解析：作者先呈现研究结论（无糖饮料无减肥优势），再客观引用不同专家的观点（支持、批评），未表达个人强烈倾向，体现中立客观态度。 真题例题 2（2025 上海二模 普陀 Passage） 原文核心态度句： Over decades of travelling, I’ve seen shocking animal exploitation for entertainment—last time in Morocco, macaques were kept in terrible conditions, locked up daytime and brought out for photos with tourists. Selfie culture worsens this, but current laws lack banned activity lists, making them ineffective. We can protest with money (refuse cruel attractions) and report cruelty to animal welfare organizations. No five-minute thrill is worth animals’ lifelong misery—we must respect all life. 题目：What is the author’s attitude towards animal exploitation in tourism? A. Indifferent B. Critical and calling for action C. Understanding D. Pessimistic about improvement 答案：B 解析：作者用 “shocking”“terrible” 表达批评，同时提出具体行动建议（拒绝消费、举报），体现 “批评 + 呼吁行动” 的态度。 题型 2：目的意图题 真题例题 1（2021.6 上海高考 Passage B） 原文开头 + 结尾： Scientific Method uses steps to establish facts or create knowledge—it can only answer testable questions. Steps: 1. Observe/ask a question; 2. Gather background info; 3. Create a hypothesis; 4. Predict and test; 5. Analyze results and conclude; 6. Share conclusions or ask next questions. By sharing results, we increase knowledge. Your experiment may lead to new questions, or you may need a new hypothesis if the old one is disproven. 题目：What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain the steps and principles of the scientific method B. To compare different ways of scientific research C. To emphasize the importance of scientific experiments D. To introduce the history of the scientific method 答案：A 解析：文章清晰罗列科学方法的步骤，说明其适用范围和后续操作，核心目的是解释步骤和原则，B、C、D 未提及。 真题例题 2（2025 上海高考 Passage C） 原文开头 + 结尾： The pet food industry faces criticism over ingredient origins and environmental impact. A new book debates the “ecological footprint” of pet food—some pets’ footprint is surprisingly high (e.g., a cat’s is 0.15 hectares, similar to a small car). The Pet Food Manufacturers Association defends: most meat/fish in pet food is fit for humans but surplus; recycling it avoids waste. Pets also enrich life, inspire responsibility and benefit health. The passage discusses the environmental impact of pet food and different viewpoints on it. 题目：What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To promote eco-friendly pet food products B. To introduce the debate on pet food’s environmental impact C. To criticize the pet food industry’s practices D. To explain the calculation of ecological footprints 答案：B 解析：作者呈现新书观点（宠物食品环境影响大）和行业协会的反驳，核心是介绍相关争议，A、C、D 偏离核心目的。 （建议用时：20分钟） Passage 1 Four to Follow: Athletes to Watch out for From a US swimming star to French cycling’s “champion of champions”, these four will be on the hunt for medals. May, 2024 1. USA, swimming Athlete: Jessica Long This will be Long’s sixth Games, in which time she has won an astonishing 29 medals, making her one of the US’s most decorated Paralympic athletes of all time. The 32-year-old made her first appearance in the Games in 2004 at the age of 12 and has since become a high-profile advocate for the Paralympic movement, including appearing in a Super Bowl commercial in 2021 and writing a children’s book. 2. Australia, wheelchair rugby (橄榄球) Athlete: Shae Graham Melbourne librarian Shae Graham is an integral part of the international powerhouse that is Australia’s wheelchair rugby team. The 37-year-old was the first woman to represent Australia in wheelchair rugby in 2019 and will be joined by two female team-mates in Paris, Emilie Miller and Ella Sabljak. Known as the Steelers, the team claimed the world title in 2022, and they will be the ones to beat in Paris. 3. France, cycling Athlete: Heidi Gaugain The 19-year-old track and road cyclist from a village in La Mayenne has won championships in France and Europe as well as the world championships in Glasgow last year. She was born without a left forearm and hand and is the first para-athlete to become a world champion in both cycling and para-cycling. She was voted champion of champions by the French Sports paper L’Equipe in 2023. This is her first Paralympics. 4. Germany, long jump Athlete: Markus Rehm Rehm has been unrivaled in the men’s long jump class since first winning the world title in 2011 and is a four-time Paralympic Games gold medallist. Last year, he jumped 8.72 metres to secure his 14th world record. Nicknamed “the blade (刀片) jumper”, his right leg was cut below the knee after a wakeboarding accident when he was 14, and he uses a carbon-fibre bladed prosthetic (义肢的) component. 1．What do Jessica Long, Shae Graham, and Heidi Gaugain have in common? A．They are all pioneers in their respective sports fields. B．They all won Paralympic medals before their current Games. C．They all participate in individual sports rather than team sports. D．They are all over 30 years old when attending the current Paralympics. 2．What can we infer regarding Markus Rehm’s impact on Paralympic long jump? A．He is likely nearing the end of his athletic career. B．He is primarily known for coaching other athletes. C．He has set a standard few other athletes can match. D．His records are frequently challenged by new jumpers. 3．What overall impression of Paralympic sport does the article convey? A．It is attracting as much public attention as the Olympics. B．It focuses mostly on senior athletes with long careers. C．It gains popularity in limited countries and sports. D．It celebrates diverse and inspiring athletes. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2024年5月值得关注的四位残奥运动员。 1．细节理解题。根据介绍Jessica Long的句子“This will be Long’s sixth Games, in which time she has won an astonishing 29 medals, making her one of the US’s most decorated  Paralympic athletes of all time. The 32-year-old made her first appearance in the Games in 2004 at the age of 12 and has since become a high-profile advocate for the Paralympic movement, including appearing in a Super Bowl commercial in 2021 and writing a children’s book.(这将是Long第六次参加残奥会，她已斩获惊人的29枚奖牌，是美国历史上获得奖牌最多的残奥运动员之一。这位32岁的运动员于2004年首次亮相残奥会，当时年仅12岁。此后，她成为残奥运动的积极倡导者，包括在2021年出演超级碗广告以及撰写儿童读物。)”、介绍Shae Graham的句子“Melbourne librarian Shae Graham is an integral part of the international powerhouse that is Australia’s wheelchair rugby team. The 37-year-old was the first woman to represent Australia in wheelchair rugby in 2019 and will be joined by two female team-mates in Paris, Emilie Miller and Ella Sabljak.(墨尔本图书馆员Shae Graham是澳大利亚轮椅橄榄球队这支国际劲旅不可或缺的一员。这位37岁的运动员于2019年成为首位代表澳大利亚参加轮椅橄榄球比赛的女性，此次她将与两位队友Emilie Miller和Ella Sabljak一同征战巴黎。)”和介绍Heidi Gaugain的句子“The 19-year-old track and road cyclist from a village in La Mayenne has won championships in France and Europe as well as the world  championships in Glasgow last year. She was born without a left forearm and hand and is the first para-athlete to become a world champion in both cycling and para-cycling.(这位来自法国马耶讷省一个村庄的19岁场地和公路自行车运动员，曾赢得法国和欧洲的锦标赛冠军，并在去年的格拉斯哥世界锦标赛上夺冠。她天生缺少左前臂和左手，是首位在自行车和残疾人自行车两个项目中都获得世界冠军的残疾人运动员。)”可知，三人都是各自领域的先驱者，分别在残奥会倡导、女性轮椅橄榄球参与、跨项目残疾人自行车夺冠方面具有开创性。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据介绍Markus Rehm的句子“Rehm has been unrivaled in the men’s  long jump class since first winning the world title in 2011 and is a four-time Paralympic Games gold medallist. Last year, he jumped 8. 72 metres to secure his 14th world record.(自2011年首次获得世界冠军以来，Rehm在男子跳远项目中一直无人能敌，是四届残奥会金牌得主。去年，他跳出8.72米，创下个人第14项世界纪录。)”可知，Rehm长期保持垄断地位，多次打破世界纪录，说明他树立了其他人难以企及的标准。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。文章介绍了四位运动员：Jessica Long (奖牌传奇与倡导者)、Shae Graham (女性轮椅橄榄球先驱)、Heidi Gaugain (跨项目残疾冠军)、Markus Rehm (跳远世界纪录保持者)，他们背景各异 (年龄、项目、成就)，但均展现了顽强意志和卓越成就。文章通过多元案例传递了残奥会运动“致敬多样且鼓舞人心的运动员”的核心印象。故选D项。 Passage 2 A good friend of mine is always telling her kids, “There’s no quick way to the top. You have to take the stairs.” That’s good advice because becoming an expert in anything requires time and a lot of effort. It’s step by step, just like climbing stairs. A concept that highlights this is the “10,000-hour rule,” which was popularized by Malcolm Gladwell in his book Outliers. The 10,000-hour rule suggests that it takes about 10,000 hours of focused practice to master any skill. This idea comes from research by psychologist Anders Ericsson. He studied highly skilled performers in various fields. Whether you want to play the violin, excel in sports or master computer programming, the basic principle is the same. Expert skills are earned through practice, not luck. However, the 10,000-hour rule is not set in stone. The quality of practice matters as much as the quantity. The practice must be intentional, and it must involve challenging yourself to improve specific things. For example, a piano player might focus on mastering difficult passages rather than just playing familiar pieces over and over. After all, even with substantial practice time, there’s no guarantee of reaching top-level performance. Expect hours of practice to be the path to greatness, and you will be fooling yourself. In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it. 1．The “10,000-hour rule” holds that ________. A．talent is more important than years of training B．luck plays the decisive role in becoming highly skilled C．around 10,000 hours of training ensures top-level success D．mastery requires about 10,000 hours of focused practice 2．The phrase “set in stone” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．totally unchangeable B．widely recognised C．wholly understandable D．scientifically tested 3．Macnamara’s 2016 studies show that among expert players intentional practice makes up ________ of the performance gap. A．1% B．18% C．82% D．99% 4．What does the writer mainly convey in the passage? A．The 10,000-hour rule covers sports but not music. B．Having fun in activities depends on expert skills. C．Reaching the top requires more than practice. D．Practice alone is enough to ensure greatness, 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“一万小时定律”及其局限性，指出成为专家不仅需要练习，还受其他因素影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The 10,000-hour rule suggests that it takes about 10,000 hours of focused practice to master any skill.(一万小时定律表明，掌握任何技能都需要大约一万小时的专注练习。)”可知，一万小时定律认为精通一项技能需要大约一万小时的专注练习。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“However, the 10,000-hour rule is not set in stone. The quality of practice matters as much as the quantity. The practice must be intentional, and it must involve challenging yourself to improve specific things.(不过，一万小时定律并非是set in stone。练习的质量和时长同等重要。练习必须是有目的性的，而且需要督促自己去提升特定的能力。)”可知，一万小时定律并不是不可改变的，练习的质量和数量一样重要，所以可以推测出set in stone意为“不可改变的”，与A项totally unchangeable“完全不可改变的”意思相符。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers.(2016年，心理学家麦克纳马拉分析了33项研究。她研究了有目的的练习和运动成绩之间的关系。有目的的练习在普通运动员和专家之间的运动成绩差异中只占18%，在顶尖运动员之间的差异中只占1%。)”可知，麦克纳马拉2016年的研究表明，在专家运动员中，有目的的练习在表现差距中占18%。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第四段中“This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert.(这表明，其他因素，如天赋、个性和生活经历，也在成为专家方面发挥作用。)”以及最后一段“Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it.(成为一个专家是一个伟大的目标。但请记住，你不必擅长某件事才能享受它。即使你不是世界上最好的，你仍然可以享受某件事。)”可知，本文主要讨论了“一万小时定律”及其局限性，指出成为专家不仅需要练习，还受其他因素影响。故选C。 Passage 3 The line from Othello — “How poor are they that have not patience!”— may have been in the mind of the Royal Shakespeare Company when it was considering how best to retain the attention of time-poor audiences this season. Yet it chose a different route — an intentional departure from tradition: one play is to be streamlined into an 80-minute production, for those who don’t have the time to sit through the full two-or three-hour version. Tamara Harvey and Daniel Evans, co-artistic directors announcing their first season of RSC programming, said this shortened show — As You Like It, to be performed in the outdoor Holloway Garden Theatre — would be ideal for tourists visiting Stratford-upon-Avon, the birthplace of William Shakespeare. But is it really a departure? Even as a lover of the plays in all their messy fullness, I believe there can be a refreshing focus to a short show. Some shortened Shakespeare’s — such as Simon Godwin’s Romeo and Juliet — are every bit as rich as the originals, if done well. Beyond artistic interpretation, the new format offers something practical: accessibility. The RSC’s shortened production reflects a broader vision of making theatre more convenient and varied. Tickets are cheaper, starting at £10, and As You Like It begins at 5 p. m. so visitors can catch an evening train out of Stratford. I have foolishly attempted to return to London after a first night at the RSC, only to find the last train long gone. Shakespeare himself would have approved — ever the businessman, ever the pragmatist (实用主义者), and ever alert to his audiences’ needs. The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life Of course, the play’s the thing, and it is why we go to the theatre. But it’s not the only reason. Some want to enjoy the full three-hour production with not a word removed; others want to have dinner and chat afterwards, or catch the bus home without having to make a mad run for it. Within this landscape, a bite-size Shakespeare has its rightful place. 1．What is the main purpose of shortening As You Like It to an 80-minute version? A．To make the story easier for younger audiences to understand. B．To provide a convenient option for visitors with limited time. C．To experiment with new stage technology and visual effects. D．To replace the original two-or three-hour play temporarily. 2．Why does the writer mention missing the last train to London? A．To criticize the poor public transport in Stafford. B．To show that evening plays are too long for travelers. C．To highlight the need for better planning by theatre visitors. D．To illustrate how the new schedule solves a real inconvenience. 3．What is the main idea of the 4th paragraph? A．The RSC is losing artistic value by shortening plays. B．The directors resolve to simplify Shakespeare’s language. C．The audience prefers watching plays online rather than in theatres. D．The theatre experience should consider audience comfort and modern lifestyles. 4．What is the central message of the article? A．Shorter Shakespeare plays weaken artistic traditions. B．The RSC’s shortened productions balance art and practicality. C．Traditional plays are adapted into other art forms for promotion. D．Modern audiences no longer appreciate Shakespeare’s long plays. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了英国皇家莎士比亚剧团（RSC）为了吸引时间有限的观众，将《皆大欢喜》缩短为80分钟的版本。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“one play is to be streamlined into an 80-minute production, for those who don’t have the time to sit through the full two-or three-hour version.(其中一部戏剧将被精简为80分钟的版本，供那些没有时间观看完整两三个小时版本的人观看。)”可知，将《皆大欢喜》缩短为80分钟版本的主要目的是为时间有限的游客提供方便的选择。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The RSC’s shortened production reflects a broader vision of making theatre more convenient and varied. Tickets are cheaper, starting at £10, and As You Like It begins at 5 p. m. so visitors can catch an evening train out of Stratford. I have foolishly attempted to return to London after a first night at the RSC, only to find the last train long gone. Shakespeare himself would have approved — ever the businessman, ever the pragmatist (实用主义者), and ever alert to his audiences’ needs.(皇家莎士比亚剧团的精简版剧目，折射出一种更宏大的愿景 —— 让戏剧变得更便捷、更多元。该剧目票价更加亲民，最低仅10英镑，并且《皆大欢喜》的演出从下午5点开始，这样一来，游客们便能赶上驶离埃文河畔斯特拉特福的夜间火车。我曾有过一次颇为糊涂的经历：在皇家莎士比亚剧团看完首演夜的戏剧后便打算返回伦敦，结果却发现末班车早已开走。莎士比亚本人想必也会赞同这种做法 —— 他向来是一位精明的商人、一位务实主义者，并且总能敏锐地洞察观众的需求。)”可知，作者提到错过末班车是为了说明新时间表如何解决了一个真正的不便。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life.(哈维和埃文斯此番举措兼具前瞻性与亲和力，核心在于他们考量的是观众看戏的完整体验，而非仅仅孤立地看待戏剧本身。去剧院看一场戏，过程可能满是奔波疲惫：火急火燎地扒完一顿仓促的晚餐、排不完的如厕长队、挤进那些为身形纤瘦的维多利亚时代人设计的座位，视线还总会被前排的人头无情遮挡。缩短戏剧时长，绝非是对其艺术性的削弱，而是让戏剧更具人文关怀，让艺术与现代生活的节奏同频共振。)”可知，第四段的主要思想是剧院体验应该考虑观众的舒适和现代生活方式。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。提到皇家莎士比亚剧团将《皆大欢喜》缩短为80分钟的版本，为时间有限的游客提供方便的选择，并且票价更便宜，开始时间也更适合游客赶火车，还提到缩短一场演出并不是减少其艺术性，而是使其更人性化，使艺术与现代生活的节奏相协调，由此可知，这篇文章的中心思想是皇家莎士比亚剧团的精简版在艺术和实用性之间取得了平衡。故选B。 Passage 4 Britain is at its greatest risk of de-industrialisation in modern times. This is because businesses are expected to face new tax increases, and the government fails to provide cheaper energy for manufacturers. That was the warning from Make UK, a business group for manufacturers — from giants such as BAE Systems to thousands of professional engineering firms. In a statement released before the November 26 budget, it said British industry is at a crossroads. “Britain’s manufacturers are urging the government to use the coming budget to focus only on measures to boost growth. They warn that if business taxes go up further, and if the government still fails to cut energy costs for industry, the UK could end up on a path to major de-industrialisation, “ the organisation said. It is not the first warning on this theme from Make UK since last year. Earlier, it has spoken of the consequences if ministers did not make good on their promise to deliver a modern industrial strategy. “Businesses are facing two big problems: weak demand both in the UK and other countries, and overall rising costs, ”Stephen Phipson said. He used to be an industrialist and a civil servant, and now he is the head of Make UK. He added, “If we want to get the economy growing again, it will be businesses that make this happen—and this budget must make growth its main focus, ” He also said that high energy costs presented British industry with “an existential threat”, adding: “Government needs to stop sitting on its hands on the energy support plan [announced in the summer for the largest industrial energy users]and continually kicking the can down the road hoping the problem will resolve itself. “ The manufacturers’ worries have shown up in the latest survey of Make UK’s 20, 000 member companies. More than two-thirds of them are preparing for tax increases, saying that costs have already increased by more than expected in the past six months. Over half said they had been forced to pass those on to their customers through higher prices. The increase in employers ‘national insurance contributions, and the fear of the government’s employment rights bill, are also having an impact on the industrial workforce: more than half of companies said they have reduced pay increases; nearly a third have instituted pay freezes; and half have frozen employment 1．It can be learned from paragraphs 1~3 that ________. A．the November 26 budget will put industrial growth at the core B．Britain faces serious de-industralisation risks from tax and energy plans C．Make UK mainly represents large manufacturing giants like BAE Systems D．the UK government has started to fulfil its promise about industrial strategy 2．The phrase ”kicking the can down the road" in paragraph 5 implies that the government ________. A．keeps postponing decisive action on the announced energy support plan B．refuses to extend the energy support plan to the small and medium firms C．dismisses the current energy-support strategy as a temporary adjustment D．warns of the threat loudly yet delays assigning funds for the very purpose 3．It can be inferred from the passage that British manufacturers ________. A．will stop investing in new projects unless the budget meets their demands B．have received substantial financial support from the energy department C．have adjusted their business strategies to address ongoing pressures D．consider de-industrialisation an unavoidable outcome for the UK 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Britain’s New Budget to Solve Industrial Energy and Tax Problems B．The Government’s Industrial Strategy: A Trial for UK Manufacturers C．Make UK’s Survey Reveals Manufacturers’ More Financial Pressures D．UK Manufacturers Warn of De-Industrial Risks, Urge Growth Policies 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了英国制造商组织Make UK发出警告，称英国正面临现代以来最大的去工业化风险，原因是企业将面临新的税收增加，且政府未能为制造商提供更便宜的能源，同时呼吁政府在即将到来的预算中采取措施促进增长。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Britain is at its greatest risk of de-industrialisation in modern times. This is because businesses are expected to face new tax increases, and the government fails to provide cheaper energy for manufacturers.(英国正面临现代以来最大的去工业化风险。这是因为企业预计将面临新的税收增加，而政府未能为制造商提供更便宜的能源。)”以及第二段中的“They warn that if business taxes go up further, and if the government still fails to cut energy costs for industry, the UK could end up on a path to major de-industrialisation,(他们警告说，如果商业税收进一步增加，如果政府仍然未能降低工业能源成本，英国最终可能会走上大规模去工业化的道路)”可知，英国面临着来自税收和能源计划的严重去工业化风险。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“Government needs to stop sitting on its hands on the energy support plan [announced in the summer for the largest industrial energy users]and continually kicking the can down the road hoping the problem will resolve itself.(政府需要停止对（今年夏天宣布的针对最大工业能源用户的）能源支持计划袖手旁观，并不断kicking the can down the road，希望问题能自行解决。)”可知，政府不能只是袖手旁观，希望问题自行解决，也就是不能一直拖延对能源支持计划采取决定性行动，所以“kicking the can down the road”意思是“不断推迟对已宣布的能源支持计划采取决定性行动”。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The manufacturers’ worries have shown up in the latest survey of Make UK’s 20, 000 member companies. More than two - thirds of them are preparing for tax increases, saying that costs have already increased by more than expected in the past six months. Over half said they had been forced to pass those on to their customers through higher prices.(制造商的担忧在Make UK对其20,000家会员公司的最新调查中显现出来。超过三分之二的公司正在为增税做准备，称过去六个月成本已经比预期增加得更多。超过一半的公司表示，他们被迫通过提高价格将这些成本转嫁给客户。)”以及最后一段“The increase in employers ‘national insurance contributions, and the fear of the government’s employment rights bill, are also having an impact on the industrial workforce: more than half of companies said they have reduced pay increases; nearly a third have instituted pay freezes; and half have frozen employment.(雇主国民保险缴款的增加，以及对政府就业权利法案的担忧，也对工业劳动力产生了影响：超过一半的公司表示他们已经减少了加薪；近三分之一的公司实行了工资冻结；一半的公司冻结了招聘。)”可推知，英国制造商已经调整了他们的商业策略以应对持续的压力。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Britain is at its greatest risk of de-industrialisation in modern times. This is because businesses are expected to face new tax increases, and the government fails to provide cheaper energy for manufacturers.(英国正面临现代以来最大的去工业化风险。这是因为企业预计将面临新的税收增加，而政府未能为制造商提供更便宜的能源。)”以及第二段中的“They warn that if business taxes go up further, and if the government still fails to cut energy costs for industry, the UK could end up on a path to major de-industrialisation,(他们警告说，如果商业税收进一步增加，如果政府仍然未能降低工业能源成本，英国最终可能会走上大规模去工业化的道路。)”可知，文章主要讲述了英国制造商组织Make UK发出警告，称英国正面临去工业化风险，并呼吁政府采取促进增长的政策，所以D选项“UK Manufacturers Warn of De-Industrial Risks, Urge Growth Policies（英国制造商警告去工业化风险，敦促采取增长政策）”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点08 阅读理解：主旨大意全局掌控招 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 明确近 5 年题型分布、命题特征，精准定位提分重点 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 拆解主题句定位、核心词提炼、逻辑结构分析三大核心技巧，搭配真题实例深化理解 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 针对单一主旨类型训练，夯实全局概括基本功 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦隐含主旨、段落主旨、干扰项辨析，提升概括准确性 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 完整语篇训练，还原命题场景，强化时间把控与答题效率 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2023+2025真题+2025模考） 命题趋势 考点 1：全文主旨概括（占主旨题 55%） 2025上海卷—概括“AI 在教育中的应用框架”全文核心；2022上海卷—概括“传统工艺的复兴之路”全文大意；2025 闵行二模—概括“城市农业的发展与价值”主旨；2025 浦东三模—概括“太阳能农场的生态优势”核心思想 1.题干多问“main idea”“best title”“primary purpose”； 2.正确项覆盖全文核心，不遗漏关键话题； 3.干扰项多为局部细节或过度延伸 考点 2：段落主旨归纳（占主旨题 30%） 2025上海卷—归纳“AI 框架中 Policy & Guidance 部分”的核心；2021上海卷—归纳“食物浪费解决措施段”的主旨；2025 徐汇二模—归纳“线上教育优势段”的核心思想；2025 静安三模—归纳“传统工艺创新段”的主旨 1.聚焦某一段落的核心观点，需区分“论点”与“论据”；2.段落主旨常位于首句、末句或转折后； 3.避免将举例、数据等细节当作主旨 考点 3：隐含主旨推断（占主旨题 15%） 2025上海卷—推断“宠物食品环境影响”文本的隐含主旨；2025 杨浦二模—推断“AI 农业应用”的隐含主旨；2025 长宁三模—推断“微学习局限性”的隐含思想 1.文本无明确主题句，需结合全文逻辑推导； 2.侧重提炼作者核心态度或意图； 3.需综合各段落核心，避免片面解读 技巧 1：主题句定位法 ——“首尾句 + 转折句”精准锁定 1.全文主题句：多位于首段首句（总起全文）、首段末句（总结引出）、末段首句（总结全文），议论文中常为观点句，说明文常为定义句。 2.段落主题句：多位于段首（总起段落）、段末（总结段落）、转折词（but/however/yet）后（转折引出核心）。 3.（2025上海卷 Section B） 文本结构：首段介绍 LDOE 的 AI 整合框架是“负责任的综合方案”，后文分点阐述框架各组件（Evaluation & Monitoring、Policy & Guidance 等），末段强调框架的核心价值。 题干：What is the main idea of the passage? A.The challenges of AI in education B.A comprehensive framework for AI in education C.The benefits of AI for students D.How to design AI tools for schools 分析：首段主题句明确“AI 整合框架是综合、负责任的方案”，后文围绕框架各部分展开，选项 B 全面覆盖主题，A、C、D 均为局部细节。 答案：B 技巧 2：核心词提炼法 ——“高频词 + 关键词”锁定主题 1.高频词：全文或段落中反复出现的名词/名词短语（多为主题核心），注意同义替换词（如 AI→artificial intelligence；slow fashion→quality-focused fashion）。 2.关键词：各段落核心词的交集，即全文共同围绕的核心话题。 3.（2023上海卷） 文本高频词：slow fashion（慢时尚）、fast fashion（快时尚）、waste（浪费）、quality（质量）、sustainability（可持续性）。 题干：What is the best title for the passage? A.The Rise of Fast Fashion B.Slow Fashion: A Sustainable Choice C.How to Reduce Fashion Waste D.The History of Fashion Trends 分析：高频词围绕“慢时尚”与“可持续性”展开，选项 B 包含核心词且概括全文，A 侧重快时尚（偏离），C 侧重减少浪费（细节），D 侧重时尚史（无中生有）。 答案：B 技巧3：逻辑结构分析法 ——“总分/分总/对比”提炼主旨 1.总分结构：首段提出主题，后文分点论证/说明，主旨为首段核心观点。 2.分总结构：前文分点阐述，末段总结核心，主旨为末段总结句。 3.对比结构：通过对比两个对象（如慢时尚 vs 快时尚、纸质笔记 vs 电子笔记），主旨为突出某一对象的特征或两者的差异。 4.（2021上海卷）： 文本结构：分总结构，前文介绍“全球食物浪费问题”（数据 + 现象），后文给出“解决措施”，末段呼吁“从自身做起”。 题干：What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage? A.To report food waste statistics B.To explain why food waste happens C.To urge people to reduce food waste D.To introduce food storage techniques 分析：末段总结呼吁为核心，选项 C 概括作者意图，A、D 为细节，B 未提及原因（无中生有）。 答案：C （建议用时：15分钟） 题型 1：全文主旨题（标题 / 主要内容） 真题例题 1（2021.1 上海高考 Passage A） 原文核心段落： Among all the different types of journey that people undertake there are also those of a spiritual nature. Some trips are for pleasure, some for strength, some for exploration and learning, and in all these, we grow wiser. We can learn much from the land, and the best way is by traveling and experiencing. This ancient aboriginal initiation ritual, widely known as “Walkabout” (later called “temporary mobility” to avoid derogatory connotations), is a long spiritual hike across indigenous land. Historically, Walkabout is a rite of passage for adolescent Aboriginal Australians (10-16 years old), who live alone in the wilderness for up to six months to transform into adults. Only those mentally and physically ready are allowed, with elders’ guidance and preparation beforehand. 题目：What is the main content of this passage? A. The popularity of different types of travel in Australia B. The introduction of the Aboriginal “Walkabout” ritual C. The spiritual benefits of traveling in the wilderness D. The preparation for Aboriginal adolescents’ adulthood 答案：B 解析：全文围绕澳大利亚土著的 “Walkabout” 仪式展开，介绍其名称由来、历史意义、参与要求等，A、C、D 仅为局部细节，B 概括全文核心。 真题例题 2（2023.6 上海高考 Passage C） 原文核心段落： The universe expands constantly, but the expansion rate remains a puzzle—Hubble telescope’s measurements show a faster modern expansion than Planck satellite’s observations of the early universe (over 13 billion years ago). This inconsistency has been studied for years, and recent Hubble data reduce the chance of it being a statistical fluke (1 in 100,000 now, down from 1 in 3,000). Researchers suggest new physics may be needed to explain the mismatch. Scientists use the “cosmic distance ladder” method, calibrating with Cepheid variables, to measure cosmic distances. Riess’ team refined the Hubble constant, but it still conflicts with Planck’s data. 题目：What is the passage mainly about? A. The methods to measure cosmic expansion B. The conflict in cosmic expansion rate measurements C. The role of Hubble and Planck in astronomy D. The need for new physics in cosmic research 答案：B 解析：全文核心是 “宇宙膨胀率测量存在矛盾”，后续围绕矛盾的具体表现、数据支撑、测量方法展开，A、C、D 均为支撑矛盾的细节，B 为全文主旨。 题型 2：段落主旨题 真题例题 1（2022.7 上海高考 Passage A） 原文段落： Contemporary artist Nick Smith creates pixelated works with hand-placed colour-chips, combining text and image. With 11 years of interior design experience, he reworks designs into hand-made collages, falling into fine art. His 2011 collage experiment of Warhol's “Marilyn” (assembling swatches as a challenge) inspired his career and unique style. The multi-layered works (image + word) explore complex art-historical concepts. Text is often narrative, readable in sequence, creating complementary or subversive meanings, and open to viewer interpretation. 题目：What is the main idea of this paragraph? A. Nick Smith’s artistic background and creative features B. The process of Nick Smith’s collage creation C. The influence of interior design on Nick Smith’s works D. The significance of text in Nick Smith’s art 答案：A 解析：段落先介绍 Smith 的设计背景，再讲其创作风格（拼贴、图文结合），B、C、D 仅为段落部分信息，A 全面概括核心。 真题例题 2（2025 上海高考 Passage B） 原文段落： The Louis Department of Education (LDOE)’s AI integration framework is a comprehensive, responsible approach to maximize AI’s benefits. It adopts a cycle of exploration and improvement, empowering schools to use AI responsibly while prioritizing student safety and future readiness. The framework aims to improve teaching, learning and outcomes through research, policy, community involvement and ongoing evaluation. 题目：What is the main idea of this paragraph? A. The goals of LDOE’s AI integration framework B. The structure of LDOE’s AI integration framework C. The advantages of AI application in education D. The challenges of AI integration in schools 答案：A 解析：段落核心是介绍 LDOE 人工智能整合框架的核心定位和目标，B 未提结构，C、D 偏离段落核心，A 准确概括。 （建议用时：20分钟） 题型 1：作者态度题 真题例题 1（2022.1 上海高考 Passage A） 原文核心态度句： Artificially sweetened diet drinks make no difference to weight gain and shouldn’t be seen as healthier. A review finds no solid evidence that they help prevent obesity or Type 2 diabetes, and industry-sponsored studies may be biased. British nutritionist Susan Jebb says replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened ones does no harm—tap water is best, but for those used to sugary drinks, the latter is a step to cut calories. Dietitian Tom Sanders criticizes the research as “an opinion piece, not a systematic review”, arguing the conclusion is unwarranted and may confuse the public. 题目：What is the author’s attitude towards artificially sweetened diet drinks? A. Fully supportive B. Strongly critical C. Neutral and objective D. Doubtful but tolerant 答案：C 解析：作者先呈现研究结论（无糖饮料无减肥优势），再客观引用不同专家的观点（支持、批评），未表达个人强烈倾向，体现中立客观态度。 真题例题 2（2025 上海二模 普陀 Passage） 原文核心态度句： Over decades of travelling, I’ve seen shocking animal exploitation for entertainment—last time in Morocco, macaques were kept in terrible conditions, locked up daytime and brought out for photos with tourists. Selfie culture worsens this, but current laws lack banned activity lists, making them ineffective. We can protest with money (refuse cruel attractions) and report cruelty to animal welfare organizations. No five-minute thrill is worth animals’ lifelong misery—we must respect all life. 题目：What is the author’s attitude towards animal exploitation in tourism? A. Indifferent B. Critical and calling for action C. Understanding D. Pessimistic about improvement 答案：B 解析：作者用 “shocking”“terrible” 表达批评，同时提出具体行动建议（拒绝消费、举报），体现 “批评 + 呼吁行动” 的态度。 题型 2：目的意图题 真题例题 1（2021.6 上海高考 Passage B） 原文开头 + 结尾： Scientific Method uses steps to establish facts or create knowledge—it can only answer testable questions. Steps: 1. Observe/ask a question; 2. Gather background info; 3. Create a hypothesis; 4. Predict and test; 5. Analyze results and conclude; 6. Share conclusions or ask next questions. By sharing results, we increase knowledge. Your experiment may lead to new questions, or you may need a new hypothesis if the old one is disproven. 题目：What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain the steps and principles of the scientific method B. To compare different ways of scientific research C. To emphasize the importance of scientific experiments D. To introduce the history of the scientific method 答案：A 解析：文章清晰罗列科学方法的步骤，说明其适用范围和后续操作，核心目的是解释步骤和原则，B、C、D 未提及。 真题例题 2（2025 上海高考 Passage C） 原文开头 + 结尾： The pet food industry faces criticism over ingredient origins and environmental impact. A new book debates the “ecological footprint” of pet food—some pets’ footprint is surprisingly high (e.g., a cat’s is 0.15 hectares, similar to a small car). The Pet Food Manufacturers Association defends: most meat/fish in pet food is fit for humans but surplus; recycling it avoids waste. Pets also enrich life, inspire responsibility and benefit health. The passage discusses the environmental impact of pet food and different viewpoints on it. 题目：What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To promote eco-friendly pet food products B. To introduce the debate on pet food’s environmental impact C. To criticize the pet food industry’s practices D. To explain the calculation of ecological footprints 答案：B 解析：作者呈现新书观点（宠物食品环境影响大）和行业协会的反驳，核心是介绍相关争议，A、C、D 偏离核心目的。 （建议用时：20分钟） Passage 1 Four to Follow: Athletes to Watch out for From a US swimming star to French cycling’s “champion of champions”, these four will be on the hunt for medals. May, 2024 1. USA, swimming Athlete: Jessica Long This will be Long’s sixth Games, in which time she has won an astonishing 29 medals, making her one of the US’s most decorated Paralympic athletes of all time. The 32-year-old made her first appearance in the Games in 2004 at the age of 12 and has since become a high-profile advocate for the Paralympic movement, including appearing in a Super Bowl commercial in 2021 and writing a children’s book. 2. Australia, wheelchair rugby (橄榄球) Athlete: Shae Graham Melbourne librarian Shae Graham is an integral part of the international powerhouse that is Australia’s wheelchair rugby team. The 37-year-old was the first woman to represent Australia in wheelchair rugby in 2019 and will be joined by two female team-mates in Paris, Emilie Miller and Ella Sabljak. Known as the Steelers, the team claimed the world title in 2022, and they will be the ones to beat in Paris. 3. France, cycling Athlete: Heidi Gaugain The 19-year-old track and road cyclist from a village in La Mayenne has won championships in France and Europe as well as the world championships in Glasgow last year. She was born without a left forearm and hand and is the first para-athlete to become a world champion in both cycling and para-cycling. She was voted champion of champions by the French Sports paper L’Equipe in 2023. This is her first Paralympics. 4. Germany, long jump Athlete: Markus Rehm Rehm has been unrivaled in the men’s long jump class since first winning the world title in 2011 and is a four-time Paralympic Games gold medallist. Last year, he jumped 8.72 metres to secure his 14th world record. Nicknamed “the blade (刀片) jumper”, his right leg was cut below the knee after a wakeboarding accident when he was 14, and he uses a carbon-fibre bladed prosthetic (义肢的) component. 1．What do Jessica Long, Shae Graham, and Heidi Gaugain have in common? A．They are all pioneers in their respective sports fields. B．They all won Paralympic medals before their current Games. C．They all participate in individual sports rather than team sports. D．They are all over 30 years old when attending the current Paralympics. 2．What can we infer regarding Markus Rehm’s impact on Paralympic long jump? A．He is likely nearing the end of his athletic career. B．He is primarily known for coaching other athletes. C．He has set a standard few other athletes can match. D．His records are frequently challenged by new jumpers. 3．What overall impression of Paralympic sport does the article convey? A．It is attracting as much public attention as the Olympics. B．It focuses mostly on senior athletes with long careers. C．It gains popularity in limited countries and sports. D．It celebrates diverse and inspiring athletes. Passage 2 A good friend of mine is always telling her kids, “There’s no quick way to the top. You have to take the stairs.” That’s good advice because becoming an expert in anything requires time and a lot of effort. It’s step by step, just like climbing stairs. A concept that highlights this is the “10,000-hour rule,” which was popularized by Malcolm Gladwell in his book Outliers. The 10,000-hour rule suggests that it takes about 10,000 hours of focused practice to master any skill. This idea comes from research by psychologist Anders Ericsson. He studied highly skilled performers in various fields. Whether you want to play the violin, excel in sports or master computer programming, the basic principle is the same. Expert skills are earned through practice, not luck. However, the 10,000-hour rule is not set in stone. The quality of practice matters as much as the quantity. The practice must be intentional, and it must involve challenging yourself to improve specific things. For example, a piano player might focus on mastering difficult passages rather than just playing familiar pieces over and over. After all, even with substantial practice time, there’s no guarantee of reaching top-level performance. Expect hours of practice to be the path to greatness, and you will be fooling yourself. In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it. 1．The “10,000-hour rule” holds that ________. A．talent is more important than years of training B．luck plays the decisive role in becoming highly skilled C．around 10,000 hours of training ensures top-level success D．mastery requires about 10,000 hours of focused practice 2．The phrase “set in stone” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．totally unchangeable B．widely recognised C．wholly understandable D．scientifically tested 3．Macnamara’s 2016 studies show that among expert players intentional practice makes up ________ of the performance gap. A．1% B．18% C．82% D．99% 4．What does the writer mainly convey in the passage? A．The 10,000-hour rule covers sports but not music. B．Having fun in activities depends on expert skills. C．Reaching the top requires more than practice. D．Practice alone is enough to ensure greatness, Passage 3 The line from Othello — “How poor are they that have not patience!”— may have been in the mind of the Royal Shakespeare Company when it was considering how best to retain the attention of time-poor audiences this season. Yet it chose a different route — an intentional departure from tradition: one play is to be streamlined into an 80-minute production, for those who don’t have the time to sit through the full two-or three-hour version. Tamara Harvey and Daniel Evans, co-artistic directors announcing their first season of RSC programming, said this shortened show — As You Like It, to be performed in the outdoor Holloway Garden Theatre — would be ideal for tourists visiting Stratford-upon-Avon, the birthplace of William Shakespeare. But is it really a departure? Even as a lover of the plays in all their messy fullness, I believe there can be a refreshing focus to a short show. Some shortened Shakespeare’s — such as Simon Godwin’s Romeo and Juliet — are every bit as rich as the originals, if done well. Beyond artistic interpretation, the new format offers something practical: accessibility. The RSC’s shortened production reflects a broader vision of making theatre more convenient and varied. Tickets are cheaper, starting at £10, and As You Like It begins at 5 p. m. so visitors can catch an evening train out of Stratford. I have foolishly attempted to return to London after a first night at the RSC, only to find the last train long gone. Shakespeare himself would have approved — ever the businessman, ever the pragmatist (实用主义者), and ever alert to his audiences’ needs. The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life Of course, the play’s the thing, and it is why we go to the theatre. But it’s not the only reason. Some want to enjoy the full three-hour production with not a word removed; others want to have dinner and chat afterwards, or catch the bus home without having to make a mad run for it. Within this landscape, a bite-size Shakespeare has its rightful place. 1．What is the main purpose of shortening As You Like It to an 80-minute version? A．To make the story easier for younger audiences to understand. B．To provide a convenient option for visitors with limited time. C．To experiment with new stage technology and visual effects. D．To replace the original two-or three-hour play temporarily. 2．Why does the writer mention missing the last train to London? A．To criticize the poor public transport in Stafford. B．To show that evening plays are too long for travelers. C．To highlight the need for better planning by theatre visitors. D．To illustrate how the new schedule solves a real inconvenience. 3．What is the main idea of the 4th paragraph? A．The RSC is losing artistic value by shortening plays. B．The directors resolve to simplify Shakespeare’s language. C．The audience prefers watching plays online rather than in theatres. D．The theatre experience should consider audience comfort and modern lifestyles. 4．What is the central message of the article? A．Shorter Shakespeare plays weaken artistic traditions. B．The RSC’s shortened productions balance art and practicality. C．Traditional plays are adapted into other art forms for promotion. D．Modern audiences no longer appreciate Shakespeare’s long plays. Passage 4 Britain is at its greatest risk of de-industrialisation in modern times. This is because businesses are expected to face new tax increases, and the government fails to provide cheaper energy for manufacturers. That was the warning from Make UK, a business group for manufacturers — from giants such as BAE Systems to thousands of professional engineering firms. In a statement released before the November 26 budget, it said British industry is at a crossroads. “Britain’s manufacturers are urging the government to use the coming budget to focus only on measures to boost growth. They warn that if business taxes go up further, and if the government still fails to cut energy costs for industry, the UK could end up on a path to major de-industrialisation, “ the organisation said. It is not the first warning on this theme from Make UK since last year. Earlier, it has spoken of the consequences if ministers did not make good on their promise to deliver a modern industrial strategy. “Businesses are facing two big problems: weak demand both in the UK and other countries, and overall rising costs, ”Stephen Phipson said. He used to be an industrialist and a civil servant, and now he is the head of Make UK. He added, “If we want to get the economy growing again, it will be businesses that make this happen—and this budget must make growth its main focus, ” He also said that high energy costs presented British industry with “an existential threat”, adding: “Government needs to stop sitting on its hands on the energy support plan [announced in the summer for the largest industrial energy users]and continually kicking the can down the road hoping the problem will resolve itself. “ The manufacturers’ worries have shown up in the latest survey of Make UK’s 20, 000 member companies. More than two-thirds of them are preparing for tax increases, saying that costs have already increased by more than expected in the past six months. Over half said they had been forced to pass those on to their customers through higher prices. The increase in employers ‘national insurance contributions, and the fear of the government’s employment rights bill, are also having an impact on the industrial workforce: more than half of companies said they have reduced pay increases; nearly a third have instituted pay freezes; and half have frozen employment 1．It can be learned from paragraphs 1~3 that ________. A．the November 26 budget will put industrial growth at the core B．Britain faces serious de-industralisation risks from tax and energy plans C．Make UK mainly represents large manufacturing giants like BAE Systems D．the UK government has started to fulfil its promise about industrial strategy 2．The phrase ”kicking the can down the road" in paragraph 5 implies that the government ________. A．keeps postponing decisive action on the announced energy support plan B．refuses to extend the energy support plan to the small and medium firms C．dismisses the current energy-support strategy as a temporary adjustment D．warns of the threat loudly yet delays assigning funds for the very purpose 3．It can be inferred from the passage that British manufacturers ________. A．will stop investing in new projects unless the budget meets their demands B．have received substantial financial support from the energy department C．have adjusted their business strategies to address ongoing pressures D．consider de-industrialisation an unavoidable outcome for the UK 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Britain’s New Budget to Solve Industrial Energy and Tax Problems B．The Government’s Industrial Strategy: A Trial for UK Manufacturers C．Make UK’s Survey Reveals Manufacturers’ More Financial Pressures D．UK Manufacturers Warn of De-Industrial Risks, Urge Growth Policies 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $