重难点06 阅读理解：词义猜测语境解码术（重难专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点06 阅读理解：词义猜测语境解码术 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 锁定核心考点（明确近5年题型分布、命题特征，精准定位提分重点） 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 掌握解题密钥（拆解定义解释、逻辑关系、语境指代三大核心技巧，搭配真题实例深化理解） 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 稳拿基础分数（针对单一猜词类型训练，夯实语境分析基本功） 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 攻克中档难题（聚焦复杂语境、熟词生义、长难句猜词，提升干扰项辨析能力） 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 模拟高考（完整语篇训练，还原命题场景，强化时间把控与答题效率） 。 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2023+2025真题+2025模考） 命题趋势 考点 1：生词/短语释义（占猜词题 45%） 2025上海卷—猜“attenuate”含义；2023上海卷—猜“sustain”语境义；2022上海卷—猜“account for”特殊义；2025 杨浦二模—猜“versatile”含义；2025 浦东三模—猜“predominant”含义 1.生词多为考纲边缘词，无超纲难词； 2.短语侧重熟词生义或特定语境义；3.答案需贴合上下文逻辑，而非词典本义 考点 2：指代关系推断（占猜词题 30%） 2025上海卷—猜“That”指代内容；2021上海卷—猜“this”指代对象；2025 闵行二模—猜“these”指代范围；2025 徐汇三模—猜“such”对应内容 1.多考查代词（this/that/these/those/it）指代前文名词/短语； 2.指代对象多在同句或前后句，需注意逻辑连贯性； 3.避免指代就近名词的片面判断 考点 3：句意改写理解（占猜词题 25%） 2025上海卷—猜划线句隐含含义；2023上海卷—理解“the sum of its parts”语境义；2022上海卷—改写“play a key role”同义表达；2025 静安二模—解读比喻句含义 1.侧重同义替换与逻辑转换； 2.常结合长难句或比喻、类比修辞；3.需准确捕捉句子核心语义，排除字面干扰 考点 1：定义解释类 ——“信号词 + 核心属性”定位法 1.识别信号词：明确定义（be, mean, refer to, be defined as）、举例（for example, such as, including）、补充说明（in other words, that is to say, namely）。 2.提取核心属性：通过定义句或举例内容，提炼划线词的功能、特征或范围。 3.（2025上海卷） 文本节选：“The authors of the book say that they were ‘genuinely surprised’ when calculating the environmental impact of pets.And some of the ideas they put forward to attenuate this are likely to shock some pet owners.” 题目：The word“attenuate”(para 4) is closest in meaning to“_______”. A.assess B.blame C.drive D.reduce 分析：前文提“宠物对环境有影响”，后文举例“将害虫加工成猫粮、优先用鸡肉制作宠物食品”，均为“减少影响”的措施；结合“attenuate this”中“this”指代“环境影响”，可推词义为“减少”。 答案：D 考点 2：逻辑关系类 ——“关联词 + 语义推导”法 1.捕捉逻辑词：因果（so, therefore, because, due to）、转折（but, however, yet）、对比（while, whereas, by contrast）、递进（furthermore, besides）。 2.推导语义方向：因果关系找“原因 - 结果”对应，转折关系找“相反语义”，对比关系找“差异/相似点”。 3.真题实例： 文本节选：“Progress doesn’t happen in isolation; it’s fueled by cooperation.Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 题目：What does“the sum of its parts”mean in the context? A.The total number of instruments B.The simple addition of individual skills C.The combination of different bands D.The cooperation between scientists 分析：前文对比“孤立”与“合作”，句中“greater than”提示递进关系，“合作创造的价值”优于“各部分简单相加”，故“the sum of its parts”指“个体技能的简单叠加”。 答案：B 考点 3：指代关系类 ——“就近原则 + 逻辑验证”法 1.定位指代范围：代词通常指代前文出现的名词/短语，优先关注同句或前一句的核心名词。 2.逻辑验证：代入指代对象，检查句子语法通顺度和语义连贯性。 3.真题实例（2025上海卷）： 文本节选：“In high school, he’d won a national science prize, which meant he was more or less guaranteed a well-paying job in a private company after college.That was exactly what he’d planned to do, until he stepped into Postlethwaite’s lecture.” 题目：What does the word“That”(para.5) probably refer to? A.Obtaining a decent job B.Winning a national prize C.Joining heated discussions D.Designing a reading test 分析：前一句核心信息为“赢得科学奖→保证毕业后获得高薪工作”，“That”指代前文计划的事情，即“获得体面工作”；代入验证“这正是他原本的计划”，语义通顺。 答案：A （建议用时：20分钟） 类型一：生词/短语释义 1.（2022上海卷）Text:“Due to the limited storage space, the library has to remove some old books.But we prioritize keeping those with historical value or high reader demand, even if they are rarely borrowed now.” Question: The word“prioritize”is closest in meaning to ______. A.decide to abandon B.choose to focus on C.fail to keep D.plan to replace 【答案】B 【解析】后文“even if they are rarely borrowed now”补充说明，即使现在借阅少，仍保留有历史价值或高需求的书，故“prioritize”意为“优先关注”，对应 B 项。 2.（2025 闵行二模）Text:“The versatile artist can sing, dance, paint and play multiple musical instruments, making her popular among audiences of all ages.” Question: What does“versatile”mean in the context? A.Talented in many fields B.Focused on one skill C.Famous worldwide D.Young and energetic 【答案】A 【解析】后文举例“会唱歌、跳舞、绘画、演奏多种乐器”，体现“多才多艺”，故“versatile”意为“在多个领域有天赋”。 类型二：指代关系推断 1.（2021上海卷）Text:“Food waste is a serious global issue.In the UK alone, 9.5 million tonnes of food are wasted yearly.To address this, simple steps like meal planning and proper storage can make a big difference.” Question: What does“this”refer to? A.Food waste in the UK B.The global food waste problem C.Meal planning and storage D.The 9.5 million tonnes of waste 【答案】B 【解析】前文核心话题为“全球食物浪费问题”，“this”指代前文主旨，而非局部的英国数据，故选 B。 2.（2025 徐汇三模）Text:“Urban farming faces challenges: limited space and high costs.However, these can be solved by sharing land and resources in community gardens.” Question: What does“these”refer to? A.Community gardens B.Land and resources C.Urban farming challenges D.Sharing methods 【答案】C 【解析】前一句明确提“城市农业面临的挑战：空间有限、成本高”，“these”指代前文的“challenges”，代入验证“这些挑战可通过共享土地资源解决”，逻辑通顺。 类型三：句意改写理解 1.Text:“While the new AI tool simplifies data analysis, its reliability remains questionable.It often ignores subtle context differences that human analysts would catch—this limitation cannot be overlooked.” Question: The sentence“this limitation cannot be overlooked”implies that ______. A.Human analysts are not reliable B.The AI tool has a notable flaw C.Context differences are unimportant D.Data analysis should be simplified 【答案】B 【解析】前文提“AI 工具忽略人类分析师能捕捉的细微语境差异”，“this limitation”指代该缺陷，句子意为“这一缺陷不容忽视”，对应 B 项。 2.（2025 静安二模）Text:“Some people claim online education is inferior to in-person learning.But it offers flexibility for working adults and access to courses unavailable locally.” Question: What does the author mean by“offers flexibility for working adults”? A.Working adults can learn at their own pace B.Online courses are cheaper for adults C.In-person learning is more flexible D.Adults can only learn online 【答案】A 【解析】“flexibility”结合“职场人士”语境，指“时间、地点灵活”，即“按自身节奏学习”；B 无依据，C 与原文矛盾，D 绝对化。 （建议用时：20分钟） 类型一：熟词生义猜词 1.（2025上海卷）Text:“The Pet Food Manufacturers Association (PFMA) puts up a spirited defence, arguing that the vast majority of meat and fish used in pet foods is of sufficient quality for human consumption but more than humans need.” Question: The word“spirited”in the context means ______. A.Angry B.Energetic C.Weak D.Passive 【答案】B 【解析】“spirited”本义为“精神饱满的”，结合后文 PFMA 详细论证“宠物食品原料合格、避免浪费”的观点，可知其“积极有力地辩护”，“spirited”此处意为“有力的、积极的”，对应 B 项。 2.（2025 杨浦二模）Text:“The new policy will help small businesses get back on their feet after the economic downturn, providing financial support and tax breaks.” Question: What does“get back on their feet”mean? A.Recover from difficulties B.Change their business models C.Move to new locations D.Reduce financial costs 【答案】A 【解析】后文“提供财政支持和税收减免”是帮助小企业的措施，结合“经济衰退后”的语境，可知短语意为“摆脱困境、恢复元气”，对应 A 项。 类型二：复杂语境指代 1.（2025上海卷）Text:“A study compared two groups of students: Group A used digital notes, Group B used paper notes.Group B scored 15% higher on recall tests, though Group A took more notes.Researchers found paper note-takers processed information more deeply while writing.” Question: What does“processed information more deeply”refer to in the study? A.Took more detailed notes B.Remembered information better C.Used more digital tools D.Wrote faster during tests 【答案】B 【解析】前文对比“Group B 回忆测试得分高，Group A 记笔记更多”，后文解释原因“纸质笔记使用者处理信息更深”，故“处理信息更深”指“记忆效果更好”，对应 B 项。 2.Text:“To explain why birds migrate, scientists once proposed the ‘food shortage theory’.But recent tracking data shows some birds leave before food becomes scarce.This suggests other factors like temperature also play a role.” Question: What does“This”refer to? A.The food shortage theory B.Birds leaving before food scarcity C.Recent tracking technology D.Temperature affecting migration 【答案】B 【解析】“This”指代前一句核心事实“部分鸟类在食物短缺前迁徙”，而非理论或技术，代入验证“这一现象表明其他因素也起作用”，逻辑连贯。 类型三：修辞句含义解读 1.（2025上海卷）Text:“Solar farms are likely to occupy a small land area compared to primary land uses, such as agriculture, and could combine multiple land uses.Sheep can be raised between rows of panels and solar farms can help with nature recovery.” Question: The author mentions“Sheep can be raised between rows of panels”to illustrate that ______. A.Solar farms are bad for agriculture B.Sheep farming is more important C.Solar farms can have multiple uses D.Panels take up too much space 【答案】C 【解析】前文论点为“太阳能农场可结合多种土地用途”，后文举例“电池板行间可养羊”，用于佐证“多重用途”的观点，对应 C 项。 2.（2022上海卷）Text:“The traditional craft was once on the verge of disappearing.Thanks to young artisans who combined it with modern designs, it now attracts young consumers.Their innovation has given the old craft a new life.” Question: What does“given the old craft a new life”mean? A.The craft has been completely replaced B.The craft has regained popularity C.Young artisans learned the old craft D.Modern designs are less popular 【答案】B 【解析】前文提“传统工艺曾濒临消失”，后文“结合现代设计吸引年轻消费者”，故“赋予新生命”指“重新流行起来”，对应 B 项。 （建议用时：20分钟） Passage 1 She sings, dances and interacts with her sea of fans as her electric blue hair glows (发光) under the stage lights. But there’s something different about this pop star — she doesn’t physically exist. The digital superstar dancing on stage is Hatsune Miku, a virtual celebrity, and she’s part of a growing trend that goes beyond the boundary between the physical and digital worlds. Virtual celebrities, also known as virtual influencers, are digital characters that are created using a mixture of technologies including computer-generated images(CGI) and artificial intelligence(Al). They are designed to look and behave like real people and are able to sing, dance, model clothing, promote products, engage with fans on social media and even advocate for causes. While some people embrace this new trend, others reject it for fear that interactions with digital personalities might lack credibility. What makes Hatsune Miku special is that she is a collaboration between human creativity and technology and “sings” over 100,000 songs created by individual fans. Her voice is a product of a complex voice synthesizer (合成器), and her performances are entirely digital. She has even performed with major artists. Miku’s live concerts, where LED screens are used to bring her to “life,” have sold out in cities around the world.   One of the world’s most beloved virtual influencers, Lu came from humble beginnings. Lu, a digital being, started as a virtual assistant for online shoppers. However, her popularity increased, and she quickly became the face of the brand. Lu has also worked with top brands and starred in music videos with famous artists. She is a great example of how a digital celebrity can bridge the gap between entertainment, social issues and marketing. And with her support of women’s rights. Lu continues to break new ground for virtual influencers. Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy, with many expressing discomfort with the idea of “fake humans” interacting with the world as if they were real. As we look ahead, it’s worth asking: How will the world adjust to this new reality where digital beings exist alongside real humans? The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given. 1．The passage is mainly about _________ A．the development and influence of virtual celebrities B．the unique performances of Hatsune Miku and Lu C．the technologies used to create virtual influencers D．the controversies caused by digital characters 2．Why is Hatsune Miku referred to as a special virtual celebrity? A．She has a charming voice recorded from a real singer B．She is the first virtual influencer to work with famous artists C．She has a physical body that enables her to perform on stage D．She represents a combination of fan creativity and technology 3．By “humble beginnings” in Paragraph 4, the author means Lu _________ A．had a difficult personality at first B．always aimed to become a celebrity C．started in a simple and unnoticed way D．was created by an unknown company 4．What is the author’s attitude towards virtual influencers? A．Doubtful. B．Neutral. C．Strongly critical. D．Fully supportive. Passage 2 In some Western parts, children of healthy weight have long become the exception. Now even in poor countries, childhood obesity (肥胖) is spreading faster than ever before. The problem is not new: the percentage of overweight children around the world went up in the 1980s, as junk food became a dietary staple. But the trend today is alarming. A report by UNICEF found that the number of school-aged children who are obese is, for the first time, higher than those who do not get enough food to stay healthy. In Niue and the Cook Islands, nearly 40% of 5 — 19-year-olds are obese — the highest rates in the world. The south Pacific also has some of the worst adult obesity rates, fueled by shifting diets and a culture that prizes size. America ranks in the top 20 countries for childhood obesity, with a rate of 20%. In Europe, Hungary leads with 15%. Poor countries are particularly ill-equipped to tackle this issue. Health systems there were built to fight hunger not obesity. Many babies are born underweight because of poor diets when their mothers are expecting them. That alters their metabolism (新陈代谢) and makes rapid weight gain and other long-term health problems more likely in adulthood. In South America and parts of Africa and the Middle East, the share of overweight children is already higher than in western Europe and is nearing the 45% seen in North America. The reason is simple: cheap, heavily processed foods are dominating children’s diets worldwide, crowding out fresh fruits, vegetables and proteins. A UNICEF survey of 20 low- and middle-income countries found that more than half of babies aged 6 — 23 months in 13 countries had consumed sweet drinks or sugary foods the previous day. Even in Britain many ready-to-eat baby foods marketed as healthy are far from it. In countries with lax regulation, the meals are worse. A study of hundreds of baby foods sold in seven South-East Asian countries found that half were ultra-processed. A third contained additives that are not permitted under the Codex Alimentarius, the UN’s food-standards code. But changing diets is hard. Ultra-processed foods are about 50% cheaper than fresh or minimally processed foods, according to the UN’s report on food systems. A global survey of school meals in 2024 found that 25% of schools served processed meats, 21% served sweets, 19% served deep-fried food and 14% provided sugar-sweetened drinks. Stronger rules that restrict the advertising and sales of unhealthy foods could help. So could financial aid to make good food cheaper. What children eat early shapes their tastes for life. Adult diets are habits fixed in childhood. Once formed, those tastes are hard to shift. 1．The author cites the specific obesity rates of Niue and the Cook Islands, America, and Hungary in Paragraph 2 primarily ________. A．to argue that European policies are the most effective B．to show the problem is global, affecting diverse regions C．to rank the economic development levels of these places D．to suggest the issue is most severe in Pacific Island nations 2．Which of the following is a major concern regarding childhood obesity in poor countries according to the passage? A．Parents are not aware of the risks of obesity at all. B．Children refuse to eat any fresh fruits or vegetables. C．There is a complete lack of regulations on food advertising. D．Health systems are not designed to deal with such problems. 3．The underlined word “lax” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．strict B．effective C．loose D．detailed 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To criticize the food industry for promoting unhealthy foods. B．To recommend specific lifestyle programs for obese children. C．To analyze the global trend and challenges of childhood obesity. D．To compare obesity rates between developed and poor countries. Passage 3 Your brain, from early life to old age We’re born helpless and foolish. As we mature, experience and schooling teach us useful things, and we get woke. Then, year by year, we slip back into mental weakness. That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent. It, in other words, shapes the way we learn, think, judge, find and solve problems. 0-18 monthsA baby brain forms 1 million new nerve connections each second, helping her to develop emotions, motor skills, attachments, and working memory. At 11months, she can already form assumptions about how the world works. At 18 months, she has a sense of self. 2-5 yearsWhen it comes to learning abstract concepts, preschoolers beat adults. At 4 years old, 66 percent of calories are headed to her brain—fuel for the exploration and creative thinking that define this period. By the time she finishes preschool, her gray matter has increased four times in size. 6-11 yearsThe brain of a 6-year-old has reached 90 percent of its adult size. Weeding out nerve connections speeds up as the brain gets rid of unused connections. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层) starts to develop more, resulting in longer attention durations, and an increased reliance on language and logic to learn. 12-24 yearsAdolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk-taking. ” 25-59 yearsBy the time she reaches adulthood, prefrontalcontrol is at its peak. A developed frontal part helps her plan for the future and control her urges, but there’s evidence that creativity and mental flexibility takes a big hit. Learning anything surprising? Also a lot harder. 60+yearsBring on short-term-memory loss, diseases related to nerve degeneration, and declines in conceptual reasoning. Still, other cognitive abilities continue to grow. Skills involving vocabulary, math and verbal comprehension are among them. 1．The word “It” in paragraph 1 most probably refers to ________. A．humans’ ongoing brain science research B．the mix of intelligence and unintelligence C．the common understanding of intelligence D．humans’ ability to make sensible judgements 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Preschool children aged 2 to 5 have abstract learning abilities close to those of adults. B．A six-year-old’s brain is almost adult-sized with its prefrontal cortex fully developed. C．Adults between 25 and 59 find it much tougher to learn unexpected new knowledge. D．People over 60 experience partial memory loss and constant growth in math skills. 3．Suppose you are a 17-year-old hoping to boost creativity before university. Which of the following schedules would best match your brain’s current features according to the passage? A．Start a gap year to tour three countries along a fixed route. B．Do the same writing drill to improve writing skills each day. C．Join an AI workshop to pilot various original robot projects. D．Take a part-time tutoring job to earn extra money regularly. Passage 4 When a fire at a supplier’s factory forced a temporary shutdown at the plant of a large European manufacturer of consumer goods, Tim Schweisfurth and his colleagues at the Technical University of Munich found a surprising upside: The idleness (闲散) led to an outpouring of ideas for improvements. The conclusion: Unexpected Interruptions Can Boost Creativity. We discovered this when we looked at the online system the company used to collect plant workers’ ideas and suggestions. People could enter submissions whenever they were on-site. Some proposed small changes, like replacing worn tools; others, major ones, such as a new paint-ordering system that saved the firm €280, 000 a year. The 8,500 employees in the part of the plant that shut down were sent home for four days. In the three weeks after they returned to work, they produced 58%more ideas than uninterrupted employees did. In addition, their ideas were higher quality: Managers rated the accepted submissions and determined that those from sidelined employees were roughly three percentage points better than those from other workers. We also studied an unexpected interruption at the plant that didn’t lead to idle time:  a flood that required employees to clean up the damage. That incident lowered creative performance because workers had to switch their attention to the new task. A similar thing happens when your focus immediately shifts after a social media app beeps to signal a new post. There are many good reasons to take a vacation, but our research doesn’t suggest it will improve your creativity at work, because it wouldn’t be an unexpected interruption. When we looked at a third kind of interruption at the plant — extended weekends — we found no increase in employee suggestions after people returned to work. We think the reason has to do with so-called attention residue — the sweet spot for creativity. It’s when our minds continue to think over something that’s important to us even after we’ve moved on to another activity. Think of all the times you’ve had a breakthrough moment in the shower or while pushing a cart around the grocery store. Those insights all resulted from your brain’s behind-the-scenes perseveration. When we do something that allows us to totally disengage, such as taking a long weekend or a vacation, we don’t experience the same attention residue, so we don’t have the same kinds of breakthroughs. 1．What did the study find about employees who experienced a 4-day shutdown? A．Their creativity decreased significantly. B．They submitted mostly minor tool suggestions. C．Most of their ideas were approved by managers. D．They produced more and better ideas after returning. 2．What conclusion can be drawn concerning unexpected interruptions based on the_________. A．Idle time has a negative impact on the generation of creative ideas. B．Creativity depends upon how much attention remains on the original task. C．Creativity is determined by how focused an individual person is. D．Employees are motivated to be more creative in the face of a challenge. 3．The underlined words “attention residue” in the last paragraph means_________. A．persistent mental engagement B．fundamental spiritual basis C．temporary psychological refreshment D．habitual task-switching routine 4．Which of the following situations is most likely to boost creativity? A．An extended weekend at home. B．A five-day planned trip to a scenic spot. C．A short, unexpected break from work. D．An unexpected work-related assignment. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点06 阅读理解：词义猜测语境解码术 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 锁定核心考点（明确近5年题型分布、命题特征，精准定位提分重点） 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 掌握解题密钥（拆解定义解释、逻辑关系、语境指代三大核心技巧，搭配真题实例深化理解） 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 稳拿基础分数（针对单一猜词类型训练，夯实语境分析基本功） 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 攻克中档难题（聚焦复杂语境、熟词生义、长难句猜词，提升干扰项辨析能力） 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 模拟高考（完整语篇训练，还原命题场景，强化时间把控与答题效率） 。 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2023+2025真题+2025模考） 命题趋势 考点 1：生词/短语释义（占猜词题 45%） 2025上海卷—猜“attenuate”含义；2023上海卷—猜“sustain”语境义；2022上海卷—猜“account for”特殊义；2025 杨浦二模—猜“versatile”含义；2025 浦东三模—猜“predominant”含义 1.生词多为考纲边缘词，无超纲难词； 2.短语侧重熟词生义或特定语境义；3.答案需贴合上下文逻辑，而非词典本义 考点 2：指代关系推断（占猜词题 30%） 2025上海卷—猜“That”指代内容；2021上海卷—猜“this”指代对象；2025 闵行二模—猜“these”指代范围；2025 徐汇三模—猜“such”对应内容 1.多考查代词（this/that/these/those/it）指代前文名词/短语； 2.指代对象多在同句或前后句，需注意逻辑连贯性； 3.避免指代就近名词的片面判断 考点 3：句意改写理解（占猜词题 25%） 2025上海卷—猜划线句隐含含义；2023上海卷—理解“the sum of its parts”语境义；2022上海卷—改写“play a key role”同义表达；2025 静安二模—解读比喻句含义 1.侧重同义替换与逻辑转换； 2.常结合长难句或比喻、类比修辞；3.需准确捕捉句子核心语义，排除字面干扰 考点 1：定义解释类 ——“信号词 + 核心属性”定位法 1.识别信号词：明确定义（be, mean, refer to, be defined as）、举例（for example, such as, including）、补充说明（in other words, that is to say, namely）。 2.提取核心属性：通过定义句或举例内容，提炼划线词的功能、特征或范围。 3.（2025上海卷） 文本节选：“The authors of the book say that they were ‘genuinely surprised’ when calculating the environmental impact of pets.And some of the ideas they put forward to attenuate this are likely to shock some pet owners.” 题目：The word“attenuate”(para 4) is closest in meaning to“_______”. A.assess B.blame C.drive D.reduce 分析：前文提“宠物对环境有影响”，后文举例“将害虫加工成猫粮、优先用鸡肉制作宠物食品”，均为“减少影响”的措施；结合“attenuate this”中“this”指代“环境影响”，可推词义为“减少”。 答案：D 考点 2：逻辑关系类 ——“关联词 + 语义推导”法 1.捕捉逻辑词：因果（so, therefore, because, due to）、转折（but, however, yet）、对比（while, whereas, by contrast）、递进（furthermore, besides）。 2.推导语义方向：因果关系找“原因 - 结果”对应，转折关系找“相反语义”，对比关系找“差异/相似点”。 3.真题实例： 文本节选：“Progress doesn’t happen in isolation; it’s fueled by cooperation.Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 题目：What does“the sum of its parts”mean in the context? A.The total number of instruments B.The simple addition of individual skills C.The combination of different bands D.The cooperation between scientists 分析：前文对比“孤立”与“合作”，句中“greater than”提示递进关系，“合作创造的价值”优于“各部分简单相加”，故“the sum of its parts”指“个体技能的简单叠加”。 答案：B 考点 3：指代关系类 ——“就近原则 + 逻辑验证”法 1.定位指代范围：代词通常指代前文出现的名词/短语，优先关注同句或前一句的核心名词。 2.逻辑验证：代入指代对象，检查句子语法通顺度和语义连贯性。 3.真题实例（2025上海卷）： 文本节选：“In high school, he’d won a national science prize, which meant he was more or less guaranteed a well-paying job in a private company after college.That was exactly what he’d planned to do, until he stepped into Postlethwaite’s lecture.” 题目：What does the word“That”(para.5) probably refer to? A.Obtaining a decent job B.Winning a national prize C.Joining heated discussions D.Designing a reading test 分析：前一句核心信息为“赢得科学奖→保证毕业后获得高薪工作”，“That”指代前文计划的事情，即“获得体面工作”；代入验证“这正是他原本的计划”，语义通顺。 答案：A （建议用时：20分钟） 类型一：生词/短语释义 1.（2022上海卷）Text:“Due to the limited storage space, the library has to remove some old books.But we prioritize keeping those with historical value or high reader demand, even if they are rarely borrowed now.” Question: The word“prioritize”is closest in meaning to ______. A.decide to abandon B.choose to focus on C.fail to keep D.plan to replace 【答案】B 【解析】后文“even if they are rarely borrowed now”补充说明，即使现在借阅少，仍保留有历史价值或高需求的书，故“prioritize”意为“优先关注”，对应 B 项。 2.（2025 闵行二模）Text:“The versatile artist can sing, dance, paint and play multiple musical instruments, making her popular among audiences of all ages.” Question: What does“versatile”mean in the context? A.Talented in many fields B.Focused on one skill C.Famous worldwide D.Young and energetic 【答案】A 【解析】后文举例“会唱歌、跳舞、绘画、演奏多种乐器”，体现“多才多艺”，故“versatile”意为“在多个领域有天赋”。 类型二：指代关系推断 1.（2021上海卷）Text:“Food waste is a serious global issue.In the UK alone, 9.5 million tonnes of food are wasted yearly.To address this, simple steps like meal planning and proper storage can make a big difference.” Question: What does“this”refer to? A.Food waste in the UK B.The global food waste problem C.Meal planning and storage D.The 9.5 million tonnes of waste 【答案】B 【解析】前文核心话题为“全球食物浪费问题”，“this”指代前文主旨，而非局部的英国数据，故选 B。 2.（2025 徐汇三模）Text:“Urban farming faces challenges: limited space and high costs.However, these can be solved by sharing land and resources in community gardens.” Question: What does“these”refer to? A.Community gardens B.Land and resources C.Urban farming challenges D.Sharing methods 【答案】C 【解析】前一句明确提“城市农业面临的挑战：空间有限、成本高”，“these”指代前文的“challenges”，代入验证“这些挑战可通过共享土地资源解决”，逻辑通顺。 类型三：句意改写理解 1.Text:“While the new AI tool simplifies data analysis, its reliability remains questionable.It often ignores subtle context differences that human analysts would catch—this limitation cannot be overlooked.” Question: The sentence“this limitation cannot be overlooked”implies that ______. A.Human analysts are not reliable B.The AI tool has a notable flaw C.Context differences are unimportant D.Data analysis should be simplified 【答案】B 【解析】前文提“AI 工具忽略人类分析师能捕捉的细微语境差异”，“this limitation”指代该缺陷，句子意为“这一缺陷不容忽视”，对应 B 项。 2.（2025 静安二模）Text:“Some people claim online education is inferior to in-person learning.But it offers flexibility for working adults and access to courses unavailable locally.” Question: What does the author mean by“offers flexibility for working adults”? A.Working adults can learn at their own pace B.Online courses are cheaper for adults C.In-person learning is more flexible D.Adults can only learn online 【答案】A 【解析】“flexibility”结合“职场人士”语境，指“时间、地点灵活”，即“按自身节奏学习”；B 无依据，C 与原文矛盾，D 绝对化。 （建议用时：20分钟） 类型一：熟词生义猜词 1.（2025上海卷）Text:“The Pet Food Manufacturers Association (PFMA) puts up a spirited defence, arguing that the vast majority of meat and fish used in pet foods is of sufficient quality for human consumption but more than humans need.” Question: The word“spirited”in the context means ______. A.Angry B.Energetic C.Weak D.Passive 【答案】B 【解析】“spirited”本义为“精神饱满的”，结合后文 PFMA 详细论证“宠物食品原料合格、避免浪费”的观点，可知其“积极有力地辩护”，“spirited”此处意为“有力的、积极的”，对应 B 项。 2.（2025 杨浦二模）Text:“The new policy will help small businesses get back on their feet after the economic downturn, providing financial support and tax breaks.” Question: What does“get back on their feet”mean? A.Recover from difficulties B.Change their business models C.Move to new locations D.Reduce financial costs 【答案】A 【解析】后文“提供财政支持和税收减免”是帮助小企业的措施，结合“经济衰退后”的语境，可知短语意为“摆脱困境、恢复元气”，对应 A 项。 类型二：复杂语境指代 1.（2025上海卷）Text:“A study compared two groups of students: Group A used digital notes, Group B used paper notes.Group B scored 15% higher on recall tests, though Group A took more notes.Researchers found paper note-takers processed information more deeply while writing.” Question: What does“processed information more deeply”refer to in the study? A.Took more detailed notes B.Remembered information better C.Used more digital tools D.Wrote faster during tests 【答案】B 【解析】前文对比“Group B 回忆测试得分高，Group A 记笔记更多”，后文解释原因“纸质笔记使用者处理信息更深”，故“处理信息更深”指“记忆效果更好”，对应 B 项。 2.Text:“To explain why birds migrate, scientists once proposed the ‘food shortage theory’.But recent tracking data shows some birds leave before food becomes scarce.This suggests other factors like temperature also play a role.” Question: What does“This”refer to? A.The food shortage theory B.Birds leaving before food scarcity C.Recent tracking technology D.Temperature affecting migration 【答案】B 【解析】“This”指代前一句核心事实“部分鸟类在食物短缺前迁徙”，而非理论或技术，代入验证“这一现象表明其他因素也起作用”，逻辑连贯。 类型三：修辞句含义解读 1.（2025上海卷）Text:“Solar farms are likely to occupy a small land area compared to primary land uses, such as agriculture, and could combine multiple land uses.Sheep can be raised between rows of panels and solar farms can help with nature recovery.” Question: The author mentions“Sheep can be raised between rows of panels”to illustrate that ______. A.Solar farms are bad for agriculture B.Sheep farming is more important C.Solar farms can have multiple uses D.Panels take up too much space 【答案】C 【解析】前文论点为“太阳能农场可结合多种土地用途”，后文举例“电池板行间可养羊”，用于佐证“多重用途”的观点，对应 C 项。 2.（2022上海卷）Text:“The traditional craft was once on the verge of disappearing.Thanks to young artisans who combined it with modern designs, it now attracts young consumers.Their innovation has given the old craft a new life.” Question: What does“given the old craft a new life”mean? A.The craft has been completely replaced B.The craft has regained popularity C.Young artisans learned the old craft D.Modern designs are less popular 【答案】B 【解析】前文提“传统工艺曾濒临消失”，后文“结合现代设计吸引年轻消费者”，故“赋予新生命”指“重新流行起来”，对应 B 项。 （建议用时：20分钟） Passage 1 She sings, dances and interacts with her sea of fans as her electric blue hair glows (发光) under the stage lights. But there’s something different about this pop star — she doesn’t physically exist. The digital superstar dancing on stage is Hatsune Miku, a virtual celebrity, and she’s part of a growing trend that goes beyond the boundary between the physical and digital worlds. Virtual celebrities, also known as virtual influencers, are digital characters that are created using a mixture of technologies including computer-generated images(CGI) and artificial intelligence(Al). They are designed to look and behave like real people and are able to sing, dance, model clothing, promote products, engage with fans on social media and even advocate for causes. While some people embrace this new trend, others reject it for fear that interactions with digital personalities might lack credibility. What makes Hatsune Miku special is that she is a collaboration between human creativity and technology and “sings” over 100,000 songs created by individual fans. Her voice is a product of a complex voice synthesizer (合成器), and her performances are entirely digital. She has even performed with major artists. Miku’s live concerts, where LED screens are used to bring her to “life,” have sold out in cities around the world.   One of the world’s most beloved virtual influencers, Lu came from humble beginnings. Lu, a digital being, started as a virtual assistant for online shoppers. However, her popularity increased, and she quickly became the face of the brand. Lu has also worked with top brands and starred in music videos with famous artists. She is a great example of how a digital celebrity can bridge the gap between entertainment, social issues and marketing. And with her support of women’s rights. Lu continues to break new ground for virtual influencers. Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy, with many expressing discomfort with the idea of “fake humans” interacting with the world as if they were real. As we look ahead, it’s worth asking: How will the world adjust to this new reality where digital beings exist alongside real humans? The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given. 1．The passage is mainly about _________ A．the development and influence of virtual celebrities B．the unique performances of Hatsune Miku and Lu C．the technologies used to create virtual influencers D．the controversies caused by digital characters 2．Why is Hatsune Miku referred to as a special virtual celebrity? A．She has a charming voice recorded from a real singer B．She is the first virtual influencer to work with famous artists C．She has a physical body that enables her to perform on stage D．She represents a combination of fan creativity and technology 3．By “humble beginnings” in Paragraph 4, the author means Lu _________ A．had a difficult personality at first B．always aimed to become a celebrity C．started in a simple and unnoticed way D．was created by an unknown company 4．What is the author’s attitude towards virtual influencers? A．Doubtful. B．Neutral. C．Strongly critical. D．Fully supportive. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了虚拟名人的发展现状、特点、影响以及引发的争议。   1．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第2段“Virtual celebrities, also known as virtual influencers, are digital characters that are created using a mixture of technologies including computer-generated images(CGI) and artificial intelligence(Al).(虚拟名人，也被称为虚拟网红，是一种运用计算机生成图像和人工智能等多种技术创造出来的数字角色)”、第3段 “What makes Hatsune Miku special is that she is a collaboration between human creativity and technology and ‘sings’ over 100,000 songs created by individual fans.(初音未来的特别之处在于，她是人类创造力和技术的结合，‘演唱’了个人粉丝创作的10万多首歌曲。)”和第4段“One of the world’s most beloved virtual influencers, Lu came from humble beginnings. Lu, a digital being, started as a virtual assistant for online shoppers.(作为世界上最受欢迎的网红之一，Lu出身……。作为一个数字形象，Lu最初只是一名面向网购消费者的虚拟助手。但后来她的人气不断攀升，迅速成为了该品牌的代言人)”对初音未来和Lu的介绍，以及第5段“Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy(尽管虚拟网红们取得了成功，但他们也并非没有争议)”可知，文章围绕虚拟名人的发展和影响展开。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第3段中“What makes Hatsune Miku special is that she is a collaboration between human creativity and technology and ‘sings’ over 100,000 songs created by individual fans.(初音未来的特别之处在于，她是人类创造力和技术的结合，‘演唱’了个人粉丝创作的10万多首歌曲。)”可知，她的特殊性在于融合了粉丝创造力与科技。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第4段中“One of the world’s most beloved virtual influencers, Lu came from humble beginnings. Lu, a digital being, started as a virtual assistant for online shoppers. However, her popularity increased, and she quickly became the face of the brand.(作为世界上最受欢迎的网红之一，Lu出身……。作为一个数字形象，Lu最初只是一名面向网购消费者的虚拟助手。但后来她的人气不断攀升，迅速成为了该品牌的代言人)”可知，“humble beginnings”指的是她起步平凡、不引人注目。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第5段“Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy(尽管虚拟网红们取得了成功，但他们也并非没有争议)”以及“The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given.(答案一如既往地取决于我们选择如何使用手中的工具)”可知，作者既提到了虚拟网红的成功，也提及了争议，并未表达偏向性的观点，态度是中立的。故选B。   Passage 2 In some Western parts, children of healthy weight have long become the exception. Now even in poor countries, childhood obesity (肥胖) is spreading faster than ever before. The problem is not new: the percentage of overweight children around the world went up in the 1980s, as junk food became a dietary staple. But the trend today is alarming. A report by UNICEF found that the number of school-aged children who are obese is, for the first time, higher than those who do not get enough food to stay healthy. In Niue and the Cook Islands, nearly 40% of 5 — 19-year-olds are obese — the highest rates in the world. The south Pacific also has some of the worst adult obesity rates, fueled by shifting diets and a culture that prizes size. America ranks in the top 20 countries for childhood obesity, with a rate of 20%. In Europe, Hungary leads with 15%. Poor countries are particularly ill-equipped to tackle this issue. Health systems there were built to fight hunger not obesity. Many babies are born underweight because of poor diets when their mothers are expecting them. That alters their metabolism (新陈代谢) and makes rapid weight gain and other long-term health problems more likely in adulthood. In South America and parts of Africa and the Middle East, the share of overweight children is already higher than in western Europe and is nearing the 45% seen in North America. The reason is simple: cheap, heavily processed foods are dominating children’s diets worldwide, crowding out fresh fruits, vegetables and proteins. A UNICEF survey of 20 low- and middle-income countries found that more than half of babies aged 6 — 23 months in 13 countries had consumed sweet drinks or sugary foods the previous day. Even in Britain many ready-to-eat baby foods marketed as healthy are far from it. In countries with lax regulation, the meals are worse. A study of hundreds of baby foods sold in seven South-East Asian countries found that half were ultra-processed. A third contained additives that are not permitted under the Codex Alimentarius, the UN’s food-standards code. But changing diets is hard. Ultra-processed foods are about 50% cheaper than fresh or minimally processed foods, according to the UN’s report on food systems. A global survey of school meals in 2024 found that 25% of schools served processed meats, 21% served sweets, 19% served deep-fried food and 14% provided sugar-sweetened drinks. Stronger rules that restrict the advertising and sales of unhealthy foods could help. So could financial aid to make good food cheaper. What children eat early shapes their tastes for life. Adult diets are habits fixed in childhood. Once formed, those tastes are hard to shift. 1．The author cites the specific obesity rates of Niue and the Cook Islands, America, and Hungary in Paragraph 2 primarily ________. A．to argue that European policies are the most effective B．to show the problem is global, affecting diverse regions C．to rank the economic development levels of these places D．to suggest the issue is most severe in Pacific Island nations 2．Which of the following is a major concern regarding childhood obesity in poor countries according to the passage? A．Parents are not aware of the risks of obesity at all. B．Children refuse to eat any fresh fruits or vegetables. C．There is a complete lack of regulations on food advertising. D．Health systems are not designed to deal with such problems. 3．The underlined word “lax” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．strict B．effective C．loose D．detailed 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To criticize the food industry for promoting unhealthy foods. B．To recommend specific lifestyle programs for obese children. C．To analyze the global trend and challenges of childhood obesity. D．To compare obesity rates between developed and poor countries. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章揭示了儿童肥胖的全球化趋势，指出贫困国家因卫生系统缺陷和加工食品泛滥而面临严峻挑战，并呼吁加强监管与健康饮食推广。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“In Niue and the Cook Islands, nearly 40% of 1 — 19-year-olds are obese — the highest rates in the world. The south Pacific also has some of the worst adult obesity rates, fueled by shifting diets and a culture that prizes size. America ranks in the top 20 countries for childhood obesity, with a rate of 20%. In Europe, Hungary leads with 11%. (在纽埃和库克群岛，近40%的1至19岁青少年肥胖，这是世界上肥胖率最高的国家。南太平洋地区的成年人肥胖率也是最高的，这是由于饮食习惯的改变和崇尚体型的文化造成的。美国儿童肥胖率为20%，排在前20位。在欧洲，匈牙利以11%领先。)”可知，作者列举了纽埃和库克群岛、美国和匈牙利惊人的儿童肥胖率数据，以表明肥胖问题是全球性的，影响不同地区。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Poor countries are particularly ill-equipped to tackle this issue. Health systems there were built to fight hunger not obesity. (贫穷国家在解决这一问题上的能力尤其不足。那里的卫生系统是为了对抗饥饿而不是肥胖而建立的。)”可知，贫穷国家的主要问题是卫生系统并非针对肥胖问题设计。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“A study of hundreds of baby foods sold in seven South-East Asian countries found that half were ultra-processed. A third contained additives that are not permitted under the Codex Alimentarius, the UN’s food-standards code. (一项对七个东南亚国家销售的数百种婴儿食品的研究发现，其中一半是超加工食品。三分之一含有联合国食品标准法典不允许的添加剂。)”可知，这些国家的婴儿食品有一半是不健康的，且三分之一含违规的添加剂，这表明食品监管不够严格，画线词所在句意思是“在监管宽松的国家，膳食更糟糕”，画线词意思与loose“宽松的”接近。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“In some Western parts, children of healthy weight have long become the exception. Now even in poor countries, childhood obesity (肥胖) is spreading faster than ever before. (在西方一些地区，保持健康体重的孩子早已成为例外。现在，即使在贫穷国家，儿童肥胖的蔓延速度也比以往任何时候都要快。)”可知，文章首段指出全球儿童肥胖趋势，后文从加工食品、贫穷国家困境等分析原因，最后提出应对的方法。由此推知，文章旨在分析儿童肥胖的全球趋势与挑战。故选C项。 Passage 3 Your brain, from early life to old age We’re born helpless and foolish. As we mature, experience and schooling teach us useful things, and we get woke. Then, year by year, we slip back into mental weakness. That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent. It, in other words, shapes the way we learn, think, judge, find and solve problems. 0-18 monthsA baby brain forms 1 million new nerve connections each second, helping her to develop emotions, motor skills, attachments, and working memory. At 11months, she can already form assumptions about how the world works. At 18 months, she has a sense of self. 2-5 yearsWhen it comes to learning abstract concepts, preschoolers beat adults. At 4 years old, 66 percent of calories are headed to her brain—fuel for the exploration and creative thinking that define this period. By the time she finishes preschool, her gray matter has increased four times in size. 6-11 yearsThe brain of a 6-year-old has reached 90 percent of its adult size. Weeding out nerve connections speeds up as the brain gets rid of unused connections. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层) starts to develop more, resulting in longer attention durations, and an increased reliance on language and logic to learn. 12-24 yearsAdolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk-taking. ” 25-59 yearsBy the time she reaches adulthood, prefrontalcontrol is at its peak. A developed frontal part helps her plan for the future and control her urges, but there’s evidence that creativity and mental flexibility takes a big hit. Learning anything surprising? Also a lot harder. 60+yearsBring on short-term-memory loss, diseases related to nerve degeneration, and declines in conceptual reasoning. Still, other cognitive abilities continue to grow. Skills involving vocabulary, math and verbal comprehension are among them. 1．The word “It” in paragraph 1 most probably refers to ________. A．humans’ ongoing brain science research B．the mix of intelligence and unintelligence C．the common understanding of intelligence D．humans’ ability to make sensible judgements 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Preschool children aged 2 to 5 have abstract learning abilities close to those of adults. B．A six-year-old’s brain is almost adult-sized with its prefrontal cortex fully developed. C．Adults between 25 and 59 find it much tougher to learn unexpected new knowledge. D．People over 60 experience partial memory loss and constant growth in math skills. 3．Suppose you are a 17-year-old hoping to boost creativity before university. Which of the following schedules would best match your brain’s current features according to the passage? A．Start a gap year to tour three countries along a fixed route. B．Do the same writing drill to improve writing skills each day. C．Join an AI workshop to pilot various original robot projects. D．Take a part-time tutoring job to earn extra money regularly. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类大脑从出生到老年不同阶段的认知发展特点。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent.(这是我们大多数人对智力的看法。不幸的是，这很愚蠢。研究表明，每个认知发展阶段都提供了学习策略，以及相反策略之间的平衡。正是这种“啊哈”（表达突然的领悟时）和“呃”（在学习中表现出明显的愚蠢时）的结合，才真正使人类变得聪明。)”可知，前文提到大多数人对智力的看法是愚蠢的，接着说研究揭示了认知发展阶段的特点，而真正使人类聪明的是“啊哈”和“呃”的结合，也就是智力和看似愚蠢的这种混合，所以“It”指代的是“the mix of intelligence and unintelligence”。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据“25-59 years”部分中的“By the time she reaches adulthood, prefrontal control is at its peak. A developed frontal part helps her plan for the future and control her urges, but there’s evidence that creativity and mental flexibility takes a big hit. Learning anything surprising? Also a lot harder.(当她达到成年时，前额叶控制达到顶峰。发达的前额叶部分帮助她规划未来和控制冲动，但有证据表明，创造力和思维灵活性受到很大打击。学习任何令人惊讶的东西？也难得多了。)”可知，25 - 59岁的成年人发现学习意想不到的新知识要困难得多。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据“12-24 years”部分中的“Adolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk - taking.(青春期标志着神经灵活性和可塑性的回归，这是她学龄前时期的特点。但她并不是生活在一个受保护的环境中。依赖杏仁核——一个情感、冲动和本能行为的中心——可能会导致标志性的“冒险行为”。)”可知，17岁属于青春期，大脑具有神经灵活性和可塑性，适合进行一些有创造性和探索性的活动。A选项“开始一个间隔年，沿着固定路线游览三个国家”，固定路线缺乏探索性；B选项“每天做同样的写作练习来提高写作技能”，比较单一重复；D选项“定期做兼职家教工作来赚外快”，与提升创造力无关；C选项“参加人工智能研讨会，试点各种原创机器人项目”，具有创造性和探索性，符合大脑当前特征。故选C项。 Passage 4 When a fire at a supplier’s factory forced a temporary shutdown at the plant of a large European manufacturer of consumer goods, Tim Schweisfurth and his colleagues at the Technical University of Munich found a surprising upside: The idleness (闲散) led to an outpouring of ideas for improvements. The conclusion: Unexpected Interruptions Can Boost Creativity. We discovered this when we looked at the online system the company used to collect plant workers’ ideas and suggestions. People could enter submissions whenever they were on-site. Some proposed small changes, like replacing worn tools; others, major ones, such as a new paint-ordering system that saved the firm €280, 000 a year. The 8,500 employees in the part of the plant that shut down were sent home for four days. In the three weeks after they returned to work, they produced 58%more ideas than uninterrupted employees did. In addition, their ideas were higher quality: Managers rated the accepted submissions and determined that those from sidelined employees were roughly three percentage points better than those from other workers. We also studied an unexpected interruption at the plant that didn’t lead to idle time:  a flood that required employees to clean up the damage. That incident lowered creative performance because workers had to switch their attention to the new task. A similar thing happens when your focus immediately shifts after a social media app beeps to signal a new post. There are many good reasons to take a vacation, but our research doesn’t suggest it will improve your creativity at work, because it wouldn’t be an unexpected interruption. When we looked at a third kind of interruption at the plant — extended weekends — we found no increase in employee suggestions after people returned to work. We think the reason has to do with so-called attention residue — the sweet spot for creativity. It’s when our minds continue to think over something that’s important to us even after we’ve moved on to another activity. Think of all the times you’ve had a breakthrough moment in the shower or while pushing a cart around the grocery store. Those insights all resulted from your brain’s behind-the-scenes perseveration. When we do something that allows us to totally disengage, such as taking a long weekend or a vacation, we don’t experience the same attention residue, so we don’t have the same kinds of breakthroughs. 1．What did the study find about employees who experienced a 4-day shutdown? A．Their creativity decreased significantly. B．They submitted mostly minor tool suggestions. C．Most of their ideas were approved by managers. D．They produced more and better ideas after returning. 2．What conclusion can be drawn concerning unexpected interruptions based on the_________. A．Idle time has a negative impact on the generation of creative ideas. B．Creativity depends upon how much attention remains on the original task. C．Creativity is determined by how focused an individual person is. D．Employees are motivated to be more creative in the face of a challenge. 3．The underlined words “attention residue” in the last paragraph means_________. A．persistent mental engagement B．fundamental spiritual basis C．temporary psychological refreshment D．habitual task-switching routine 4．Which of the following situations is most likely to boost creativity? A．An extended weekend at home. B．A five-day planned trip to a scenic spot. C．A short, unexpected break from work. D．An unexpected work-related assignment. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了慕尼黑工业大学的一项研究发现，即意外的中断，如工厂的临时停工，可以提升员工的创造力，而计划内的休息或中断，如长周末或假期，则不会对创造力产生同样的积极影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The 8,500 employees in the part of the plant that shut down were sent home for four days. In the three weeks after they returned to work, they produced 58%more ideas than uninterrupted employees did. In addition, their ideas were higher quality: Managers rated the accepted submissions and determined that those from sidelined employees were roughly three percentage points better than those from other workers.(工厂停工部分的8500名员工被送回家四天。在他们重返工作岗位后的三周内，他们提出的想法比未受中断的员工多58%。此外，他们的想法质量更高：经理们对被采纳的建议进行了评分，并确定，那些来自被搁置的员工的建议比其他员工的建议大约高出3个百分点)”可知，经历四天停工的员工在返回工作岗位后提出了更多且质量更高的想法。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“That incident lowered creative performance because workers had to switch their attention to the new task.(这一事件降低了创造性表现，因为工人们不得不把注意力转移到新的任务上)”和最后一段中“We think the reason has to do with so-called attention residue — the sweet spot for creativity. It’s when our minds continue to think over something that’s important to us even after we’ve moved on to another activity.(我们认为原因与所谓的注意力残留有关——这是创造力的最佳点。即使我们已经转移到另一项活动，我们的大脑仍会继续思考对我们重要的事情)”可推知，意外中断后创造力是否提升取决于对原任务的注意力残留多少，即注意力是否仍部分集中在原任务上。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“It’s when our minds continue to think over something that’s important to us even after we’ve moved on to another activity. Think of all the times you’ve had a breakthrough moment in the shower or while pushing a cart around the grocery store. Those insights all resulted from your brain’s behind-the-scenes perseveration.(即使我们已经转移到另一项活动，我们的大脑仍会继续思考对我们重要的事情。想想你在洗澡或推着购物车逛杂货店时，所有有过突破的时刻。这些见解都源于你大脑幕后的持续思考)”可知，后文解释了“attention residue”的具体表现，即大脑在切换任务后仍持续思考原问题，由此可推知，划线短语“attention residue”意为“持续的精神投入”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The conclusion: Unexpected Interruptions Can Boost Creativity.(结论：意外的中断可以提高创造力)”和最后一段中“When we looked at a third kind of interruption at the plant — extended weekends — we found no increase in employee suggestions after people returned to work. We think the reason has to do with so-called attention residue — the sweet spot for creativity.(当我们观察工厂里的第三种中断——长周末——时，我们发现人们重返工作岗位后，员工的建议并没有增加。我们认为原因与所谓的注意力残留有关——这是创造力的最佳点)”可知，意外的中断可以提升创造力，而计划内的休息(如长周末或假期)则不会产生同样的效果，因为后者不会留下“注意力残留”，由此可推知，一个短暂而意外的休息最有可能激发创造力。故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $