专题11 定语从句（复习讲义）（重庆专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题11 定语从句 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 2 ★ 关键考点 定语从句 2 04 优题精选·练能提分 8 词性 情况 课程分析 定语从句 考情剖析 考查频次：每年1–2题，稳定出现在单项选择/完成句子，偶尔在完形/概要补全 分值占比：1.5–3分（单选1.5分/题；完成句子2分/空） 难度定位：基础偏易，以关系词辨析为主，不考复杂非限制性定语从句 命题趋势：语境化、生活化，减少纯语法规则考查，侧重先行词判断和从句分析 命题预测 1. 题型分布 ◦ 语法选择：1题，关系词辨析（who/which/that/whose） ◦ 完成句子：1空，when/where/that/whose ◦ 完形/概要补全：0–1空，语境中判断关系词 2. 情境选材：校园生活、重庆本地文化、科技、日常故事（贴近学生） 3. 难度控制 不考非限制性定语从句、复杂介词+关系代词、as引导定语从句 侧重基础用法+只能用that的规则 解题锦囊 解题技巧与备考建议： 1. 找先行词：判断人/物/时间/地点2. 析从句成分：缺主/宾用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词3. 看特殊规则：是否只能用that • 重点练：关系代词/副词辨析+只能用that的3种情况 • 刷真题：重庆近5年单选+完成句子（定语从句） • 避坑：牢记what不引导、介词后不用that、宾语可省 关键考点 关系代词和关系副词 一、什么是定语？ 对名词起修饰作用的成分就是定语，可由形容词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等充当。 二、什么是定语从句？ 一个句子作定语，就叫定语从句。 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. 三、什么是先行词和关系词？ 1. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象称为先行词。 2. 关系词：定语从句中，连接主句和从句的词。 ▲▲▲关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which）：在句中作主语或宾语（whose作定语）。 ▲▲▲关系副词（when, where, why）：在句中作状语。 四、关系代词的用法 关系代词在定语从句中：①代替先行词；②在定语从句中充当成分；③连接主句和从句。 1. 先行词指人时，关系代词用 that/who/whom。 Do you know the girl who/ that has got an“ A ”in the exam? 你认识考试中得“A ”的那个女孩吗？ The man that/who/whom you met just now is my friend. 2. 先行词指物时，关系代词用 that/which。 She got a computer which/ that her parents bought for her. 她有一台电脑，这台电脑是她父母给她买的。 3. 关系代词 whose：既可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，作定语。 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard. 这个男孩学习非常刻苦，他爸爸是位医生。 The room whose window is open is mine. 开着窗户的那个房间是我的房间。 五、关系词在定语从句中的成分 1. 关系代词作主语，主谓一致。 (1) I have some friends who love watching Korean TV series (韩剧). (2) I like to travel to the countries which have a long history. 2. 关系代词作宾语，可省略。 (1) Have you read the book (that/which) you bought last month? (2) I know the person (who/whom/that) Dave is talking to. 六、介词+关系代词 1. Tomorrow I will bring you the magazine which/that she asked for. = Tomorrow I will bring you the magazine for which she asked. 2. The man who/whom/that you spoke to is our headmaster. = The man to whom you spoke is our headmaster. 3.I'll never forget the day when I joined the club. =I'll never forget the day on which I joined the club. 总结：动词后的介词可以提前。当介词提前时，指人只能用 whom，指物只能用 which。 七、关系词只能用 that 的情况 1. 当先行词既指人又指物时，用 that。 We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered. 2. 先行词是 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 3. 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时。 I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。 4. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过得最好的小说。 This is the third book that she has given me.这是她给我的第三本书。 5. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same 修饰时。 This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。 6. 当主句是以 who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，定语从句多用 that。 Which is the hotel that you like best?哪一个是你最喜欢的宾馆？ 八、关系副词 1. when：先行词是表示时间的名词（the time/day/week/year等），且关系词不作从句主语和宾语时。 (1) Francesca will never forget the day when she met Robert. (2) 1945 is the year when the World War II ended. 2. where：先行词是表示地点的名词（the place/city/hometown等），且关系词不作从句主语和宾语时。 (1) The factory where we work was built in 1978. (2) This is the shop where I bought my new shoes. 3. why：先行词是表示原因的名词 reason，且关系词不作从句主语和宾语时。 The reason why he was late for school was unbelievable. 九、整合梳理表格如下： 关系代词 可指代 从句中的成分 who 人 主/宾 whom 人 宾 that 人/物 主/宾 which 物 主/宾 whose 人/物 定 关系副词 可表示 与关系代词的关系 where 地点 =介词+which when 时间 =介词+which why 原因 =for which 一、单项选择 1. 【2025年黑龙江中考真题】The high-technology clothes ___ the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games. A. that B. who C. what 【答案】A 【解析】先行词clothes指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用that/which，故选A。 2. 【2025年黑龙江绥化中考真题】—Did you watch the most exciting dance ___ was performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala? —Yes, it was amazing. A. which B. that C. who 【答案】B 【解析】先行词dance被最高级the most exciting修饰，关系词只能用that。 3. 【2025年山东中考真题】The boy ___ won the English speech contest is from our class. A. who B. which C. whom D. where 【答案】A 【解析】先行词boy指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that。 4. 【2025年安徽中考真题】Ella is someone ___ always makes people feel good about themselves. A. which B. whom C. as D. who 【答案】D 【解析】先行词someone指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who。 5. 【2025年天津中考真题】My brother introduced me to a woman with ___ he used to work. A. as B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】介词with后接指人的关系代词，只能用whom。 6. 【2025年山西中考真题】This is the first test ___ I passed this term. A. which B. that C. what D. who 【答案】B 【解析】先行词被序数词the first修饰，关系词只能用that。 7. 【2025年吉林中考真题】This is the most interesting book ___ I have ever read. A. which B. that C. what D. who 【答案】B 【解析】先行词被最高级the most interesting修饰，关系词只能用that。 8. 【2025年辽宁中考真题】Jeff is the man ___ won the first prize in the speech competition. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 【答案】A 【解析】先行词man指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that。 9. 【2025年贵州中考真题】I hate the people ___ always laugh at others when they are in trouble. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 【答案】B 【解析】先行词people指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that。 10. 【2025年浙江杭州中考真题】I know the girl ___ mother teaches English in our school. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】先行词girl与mother是所属关系，用whose作定语。 11. 【2025年重庆中考真题】The movie ___ we saw last night is very interesting. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】C 【解析】先行词movie指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用which/that。 12. 【2025年重庆中考真题】Do you know the man ___ is standing at the gate? A. which B. who C. whom D. where 【答案】B 【解析】先行词man指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that。 13. 【2025年重庆中考真题】This is the factory ___ my father worked ten years ago. A. which B. that C. where D. when 【答案】C 【解析】先行词factory表地点，从句缺地点状语，用关系副词where。 二、完成句子 14. 【2025年江苏南京中考真题】我仍然记得我第一次来重庆的那一天。 I still remember the day ______ I first came to Chongqing. 【答案】when 【解析】先行词the day表时间，从句中不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词when作时间状语。 15. 【2025年广东广州中考真题】封面是红色的那本书是我的。 The book ______ cover is red is mine. 【答案】whose 【解析】先行词the book与cover是所属关系，用whose作定语。 16. 【2025年四川成都中考真题】我们唯一能做的事就是等待。 The only thing ______ we can do is wait. 【答案】that 【解析】先行词被the only修饰，关系词只能用that。 17. 【2025年山东济南中考真题】这就是我爸爸十年前工作过的工厂。 This is the factory ______ my father worked ten years ago. 【答案】where 【解析】先行词the factory表地点，从句中不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where作地点状语。 18. 【2025年天津中考真题】你认识那个正在门口等的人吗？ Do you know the man ______ is waiting at the gate? 【答案】who/that 【解析】先行词the man指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who或that。 19. 【2025年浙江杭州中考真题】我喜欢歌词优美的音乐。 I like music ______ has beautiful lyrics. 【答案】that/which 【解析】先行词music指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用that或which。 20. 【2025年湖南长沙中考真题】他就是我昨天遇见的那个男孩。 He is the boy ______ I met yesterday. 【答案】who/whom/that（或不填） 【解析】先行词the boy指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，可省略。 21. 【2025年福建中考真题】这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 This is the most interesting film ______ I have ever seen. 【答案】that 【解析】先行词被形容词最高级the most interesting修饰，关系词只能用that。 22. 【2025年重庆中考真题】我永远不会忘记我们一起学习的日子。 I’ll never forget the days ______ we studied together. 【答案】when 【解析】先行词the days表时间，从句中不缺主语或宾语，用when作时间状语。 23. 【2025年重庆中考真题】这就是我们上周参观的那个博物馆。 This is the museum ______ we visited last week. 【答案】that/which（或不填） 【解析】先行词the museum指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，可省略。 24. 【2025年重庆中考真题】那个妈妈是我们老师的女孩是我的同学。 The girl ______ mother is our teacher is my classmate. 【答案】whose 【解析】先行词the girl与mother是所属关系，用whose作定语。 一、完形填空 根据短文内容，从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。   It was a typical busy noon. People were 1 to grab a quick meal at the crowded fast-food stand. Working through a long morning, my stomach was empty when I finally reached the front of the line and got my 2 —a burger, fries, and a cold drink. As I sat down, I noticed two firefighters in the back of the line. Their uniforms were heavy with burnt dots, like they’d just left a 3 house. Suddenly, a loud, sharp siren (警报) cut through the noise. The two firefighters froze for a second, and then 4 . No hesitation. They just grabbed their helmets and rushed toward the door. I stared at my 5 meal. Yet, their tired faces and fast reaction made up my mind. I stopped them just at the door before they went out. “Wait!” I shouted, holding out the tray. “You need this.” Surprised, they thanked me repeatedly and took the lunch. Watching them running toward the fire truck, a sense of 6 washed over me. When I returned to the 7 , the manager was waiting there with the same order. “That was really nice of you,” she said with a smile and 8 my payment. “Kindness like that shouldn’t go unrewarded.” Tears welled up in my eyes. I knew I didn’t just 9 two people. I became part of a circle of kindness, which makes this world feel a little 10 . 1．A．preparing B．pushing C．rushing D．smiling 2．A．order B．turn C．chance D．snack 3．A．windy B．smoky C．dirty D．snowy 4．A．cried B．laughed C．moved D．waited 5．A．unknown B．unwanted C．unsatisfied D．untouched 6．A．sadness B．disappointment C．regret D．pride 7．A．line B．restaurant C．state D．door 8．A．received B．refused C．accepted D．took 9．A．feed B．meet C．please D．hurt 10．A．greener B．softer C．cleaner D．faster 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了繁忙正午，“我”在快餐摊买餐时，遇到刚执行完任务又接到警报的消防员，便将自己的餐食送给他们；经理被这份善意打动，免去了“我”的餐费，“我”也因此感受到善意循环让世界更温暖的故事。 1．句意：人们正急匆匆地在拥挤的快餐摊买一份快餐。preparing准备；pushing推；rushing匆忙；smiling微笑。根据“typical busy noon”和“crowded fast-food stand”可知，人们是匆忙去买餐的，故选C。 2．句意：经过一上午的忙碌，我肚子空空的，终于排到队伍前面拿到了我的订单——一个汉堡、薯条和一杯冷饮。order订单；turn轮流；chance机会；snack小吃。根据后文“a burger, fries, and a cold drink”可知，是点的餐食，对应“拿到订单”的动作，故选A。 3．句意：他们的制服上满是烧焦的斑点，好像刚离开一栋冒烟的房子。windy多风的；smoky冒烟的；dirty脏的；snowy下雪的。根据“I noticed two firefighters in the back of the line. Their uniforms were heavy with burnt dots”可知，消防员刚离开的是火灾后的冒烟房屋，故选B。 4．句意：两名消防员愣了一下，然后动了起来。cried哭；laughed笑；moved移动；waited等待。根据“No hesitation. They just grabbed their helmets and rushed toward the door.”可知，消防员没有犹豫立刻就开始行动，故选C。 5．句意：我盯着我没动过的餐食。unknown未知的；unwanted不想要的；unsatisfied不满意的；untouched未动过的。根据“I stopped them just at the door before they went out”及“You need this.”可知，作者把餐食给了消防员，表示餐食是“未动过的”，故选D。 6．句意：看着他们冲向消防车，一种自豪感涌上心头。sadness悲伤；disappointment失望；regret后悔；pride自豪。根据“they thanked me repeatedly and took the lunch.”可知，消防员接受了“我”的餐食，作者这个善意行为让他产生自豪的情绪。故选D。 7．句意：当我回到队伍时，经理拿着同样的订单在那里等着。line队伍；restaurant餐厅；state状态；door门。根据“the manager was waiting there with the same order”可知，前文作者是在快餐摊“排队”买餐，所以是回到原来排队的地方，故选A。 8．句意：“你真是太好了，”她笑着说，然后拒绝了我的付款。“这样的善意不应该没有回报。”received收到；refused拒绝；accepted接受；took拿走。根据“Kindness like that shouldn’t go unrewarded”可知，经理没有收取“我”的餐费，故选B。 9．句意：我知道我不只是喂饱了两个人。feed喂养；meet遇见；please使愉快；hurt伤害。根据“I stopped them just at the door before they went out”和“You need this.”可知，“我”将自己的餐食送给消防员，对应的动作是“喂饱”他们，故选A。 10．句意：我成为了善意循环的一部分，这让世界感觉更温柔了一点。greener更绿的；softer更温柔的；cleaner更干净的；faster更快的。根据“a circle of kindness”可知，善意的传递会让世界氛围更温暖柔和，softer符合语境，故选B。 二、阅读理解 A ①Chongqing, a major city in southwestern China, has faced many environmental challenges in recent years. Because of its rapid development and large population, the city once faced air pollution, water pollution and waste management issues. However, Chongqing has taken effective measures to improve its environment. ②In the past, Chongqing’s air quality was poor because of factories and vehicle emissions (车辆排放物). To solve this problem, the government has introduced strict rules on industrial pollution and encouraged the use of clean energy. For example, many factories have replaced coal with natural gas. What’s more, Chongqing has improved its public transportation system to cut down the number of cars on the road. ③Chongqing lies at the meeting point of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River, which makes water resource protection important. The city has built more sewage treatment plants (污水处理厂) to clean wastewater before it flows into the rivers. Moreover, the government plans to clean up the rivers and prevent people from throwing rubbish into them. ④The government has also set up a system to reduce the amount of rubbish. People are encouraged to sort their waste into different kinds, such as recycling things, kitchen waste and hazardous waste like chemicals. Schools and communities often organize activities to teach people how to sort waste properly. ⑤To make the city more livable, Chongqing has planted millions of trees and built many parks and green spaces. These areas not only improve the environment but also provide places for people to relax and exercise. ⑥Thanks to these efforts, Chongqing’s environment has improved a lot. However, protecting the environment is a long-term task, and everyone needs to do their part. 11．According to the passage, what measures has Chongqing taken to solve air pollution? ①Encouraging the use of clean energy.    ②Setting up a system to reduce rubbish. ③Building many sewage treatment plants. ④Improving its public transportation system A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④ 12．How does the writer develop the third paragraph? A．By listing facts. B．By sharing ideas. C．By listing numbers. D．By asking questions. 13．What can we infer from the passage? A．Chongqing’s environment is perfect now and needs no more efforts B．All factories in Chongqing still use coal as fuel. C．Environmental protection needs the efforts of the whole city. D．People in Chongqing don’t need to sort waste. 14．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国西南重镇重庆因快速发展和人口众多曾面临大气、水、垃圾处理等环境问题，随后详细阐述了重庆针对各类环境问题采取的工业治污、水资源保护、垃圾分类、绿化城市等一系列有效措施，最后指出重庆环境已大幅改善，但环保是长期任务，需要每个人参与。 11．细节理解题。根据“To solve this problem, the government has introduced strict rules on industrial pollution and encouraged the use of clean energy. For example, many factories have replaced coal with natural gas…What’s more, Chongqing has improved its public transportation system to cut down the number of cars on the road.”可知，政府出台工业污染严格规定，鼓励使用清洁能源，对应①，比如工厂用天然气替代煤炭；完善公共交通系统，减少道路上的汽车数量，对应④。故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段可知，第三段围绕“重庆保护水资源”展开，作者列举了两个具体的实际措施支撑论点：修建更多污水处理厂，让废水净化后再排入江河；政府计划清理河道，禁止人们向江河扔垃圾。整段通过列举具体做法/事实展开段落。故选A。 13．推理判断题。根据“However, protecting the environment is a long-term task, and everyone needs to do their part.”可知，保护环境需要每个人都要尽一份力，可推知环保需要整个城市的共同努力。故选C。 14．篇章结构题。根据文章可知，第①段，介绍重庆曾面临的环境问题及采取措施改善环境的背景；第②③④⑤段，分别详细阐述针对空气污染、水资源保护、垃圾处理和城市绿化的具体措施；第⑥段，总结环境改善的成果，并强调环保是长期任务，需要每个人的参与，对应B项。故选B。 B 2026 is the Year of the Horse according to the Chinese lunar calendar. The horse is the seventh animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese Zodiac. It’s not only important to understand cultural meanings linked to this animal but also necessary to know about the personality traits (性格特征) of people born in the Year of the Horse. The horse carries rich meanings in Chinese culture. It is a symbol of speed, energy, success and progress. A popular saying “Ma Dao Cheng Gong”, which means “achieve immediate success”, shows people’s wishes to reach goals quickly and have a smooth career. Besides, the horse represents freedom because it is unwilling to be restricted by rules. In addition, it means being honest and trustworthy, as horses have always stayed with humans faithfully throughout history. What might people be like if they were born in the Year of the Horse? They are usually warm, cheerful and full of energy, with a strong interest in life and new things. They think fast and act quickly, and can get used to new circumstances easily. Genghis Khan, Kangxi and Li Shimin, who were born in the Year of the Horse and known for their energy and quick decisions, are typical of people born in the Year of the Horse. Meanwhile, they are honest and value friendship a lot, and often treat friends and family generously. However, they can be a little impatient when doing things sometimes. The Year of the Horse is worth learning so that we can better understand Chinese culture as well as the stories behind it. 15．Which year is the next horse year according to the passage? A．2026. B．2036. C．2038. D．2040. 16．What are the symbolic meanings of the horse in Chinese culture? A．kindness and bravery. B．freedom and success. C．quickness and dishonesty. D．speed and laziness. 17．Which sentence uses “circumstances” with the same meaning as the underlined word? A．Bob whose family circumstances are very poor is from a village. B．The police are checking the circumstances of the accident. C．We should learn to fit in with the new circumstances at school. D．His bad circumstances didn’t stop him from studying hard. 18．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chinese Zodiac: The Cultural Meanings of Horses B．The Year of the Horse: Culture and Personalities C．How to Celebrate the Year of the Horse in 2026 D．The 12 Chinese Zodiac Animals: History and Meaning 【答案】15．C 16．B 17．C 18．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2026年是马年，阐述了马在中国文化中的象征意义，以及属马人的性格特点，帮助读者了解相关生肖文化。 15．推理判断题。根据“2026 is the Year of the Horse according to the Chinese lunar calendar. The horse is the seventh animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese Zodiac.”可知，生肖周期为12年，2026年加12年是2038年，故选C。 16．细节理解题。根据“It is a symbol of speed, energy, success and progress…Besides, the horse represents freedom…”可知，马象征自由和成功，故选B。 17．词句猜测题。根据“They think fast and act quickly, and can get used to new circumstances easily”可知，这里的circumstances意为“环境，境况”；“We should learn to fit in with the new circumstances at school.”意为“我们应该学会适应学校的新环境。”，其中的circumstances也表示“环境”，和原文词义一致，故选C。 18．最佳标题题。根据全文内容，本文既介绍了马的文化象征意义，又讲述了属马人的性格特点，“The Year of the Horse: Culture and Personalities”涵盖核心内容，故选B。 三、完成句子。 19．The factory where my father worked was closed last year. (改为同义句) The factory ________ ________ my father worked was closed last year. 【答案】 in which 【详解】句意：我爸爸工作的工厂去年关闭了。原句中“where my father worked”是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“the factory”。“where”在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“in which”。故填in；which。 20．Anna thanked the woman. She helped her. (两句合并为一句) Anna thanked the woman ________ ________ her. 【答案】 who/that helped 【详解】句意：安娜感谢了那位女士。她帮助了她。原句“She helped her.”中的“She”指代“the woman”，合并成复合句时需用关系代词“who/that”连接两个句子，从而构成“Anna thanked the woman who helped her.”表达“安娜感谢了帮助她的那位女士”。故填who/that；helped。 21．He values the photo. The photo reminds him of the good memories. (合成一句) He values the photo ________ ________ him of the good memories. 【答案】 that/which reminds 【详解】句意：他珍视这张照片。这张照片让他想起了美好的回忆。要合并成一个句子，可使用定语从句。先行词为“the photo”，指物，关系代词用that/which，在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词remind要和先行词在数上保持一致，先行词是单数，remind用第三人称单数形式reminds。故填that/which；reminds。 22．每年春天，当地的山坡上到处都是茶农，他们为自己能在自己的土地上种植茶叶而感到自豪。 Every spring, local hillsides are filled with tea farmers who ________ ________ in planting tea on their land. 【答案】 take pride 【详解】对照中英文，take pride in“为……感到自豪”符合题意，句子描述每年春天的常态情况，用一般现在时，定语从句的先行词“tea workers”是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填take；pride。 23．正在广场上放烟花的人是我的叔叔。 The man ________ is ________ off fireworks in the square is my uncle. 【答案】 who/that setting 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺“引导定语从句的关系词”和“正在放（烟花）”。先行词为the man，指人且在从句中作主语，关系代词用who/that；“放烟花”使用set off fireworks；此处为正在进行时，故用setting。故填who/that；setting。 24．它有多种口感独特、品质上乘的茶叶。 It has many kinds of tea ________ ________ special taste and high quality. 【答案】 that/which have 【详解】根据中英文句子可知，此句是定语从句，且先行词是many kinds of tea，定语从句缺主语，引导词用that/which，从句谓语用have“有”，故填that/which；have。 25．我们必须铭记保卫祖国的英雄们。 We must remember the heroes ________ ________ our homeland. 【答案】 who protected/defended 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“保卫”，其英文表达为protect或defend；分析句子结构，此处用定语从句来修饰the heroes“英雄们”，用who引导的定语从句，who在从句中作主语，句子为一般过去时，所以动词用过去式。故填who；protected/defended。 26．这里有许多名胜古迹，每年吸引着来自世界各地数以百万计的游客。 There are many places of interest ________ attract ________ ________ ________ from all over the world every year. 【答案】 that/which millions of tourists 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，第一处缺少引导定语从句的关系词，指物，在从句中作主语，可用that/which；第二处缺少“数以百万计的游客”，millions of“数百万”，tourist“游客”，可数名词，用复数形式。故填that/which；millions；of；tourists。 27．昨天给我们做环保讲座的那位专家是我爸爸的朋友。 The expert ________ ________ us an environmental lecture yesterday is my father’s friend. 【答案】 who/that gave 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处为定语从句，give a lecture“做讲座”，根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，故此处应用过去式gave；第一空为定语从句引导词，从句缺主语，先行词The expert为人，故应用who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that；gave。 28．我更喜欢描写贵州人民生活的故事。 I ________ the stories ________ describe the life of people in Guizhou. 【答案】 prefer that/which 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“更喜欢”，对应的英文动词是“prefer”，主语是“I”，句子描述当前的喜好，用一般现在时，所以第一空填“prefer”；第二空缺少定语从句的关系词，先行词“the stories”是物，并且在从句中作主语，因此用“that”或“which”来引导定语从句。故填prefer; that/which。 29．we, something, that, enjoy, is, sweet, both (连词成句) __________________________________________________. 【答案】We both enjoy something that is sweet 【详解】根据所给标点和单词可知，本句是一个包含定语从句的复合句。时态是一般现在时。We“我们”，作主语；both“两者都”，代词，做主语同位语；enjoy“喜欢”，作谓语动词；something“某物”，作宾语；that is sweet“是甜的”，that引导定语从句修饰something。故填 We both enjoy something that is sweet“我们都喜欢甜的东西”。 30．prefers,which,He,something,music,think about,him,to,gives. (连词成句) __________________________________________________. 【答案】He prefers music which gives him something to think about. 【详解】分析所给词汇可知，该句为陈述句而且是定语从句，主句是“he prefers music”意为“他更喜欢音乐”，从句是which引导的定语从句，从句的谓语是gives，宾语是him，从句的宾语补足语是“something to think about”意为“值得深思的事”。故填He prefers music which gives him something to think about.“他更喜欢那些可以引发他思考的音乐。” 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11 定语从句 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 2 ★ 关键考点 定语从句 2 04 优题精选·练能提分 8 词性 情况 课程分析 定语从句 考情剖析 考查频次：每年1–2题，稳定出现在单项选择/完成句子，偶尔在完形/概要补全 分值占比：1.5–3分（单选1.5分/题；完成句子2分/空） 难度定位：基础偏易，以关系词辨析为主，不考复杂非限制性定语从句 命题趋势：语境化、生活化，减少纯语法规则考查，侧重先行词判断和从句分析 命题预测 1. 题型分布 ◦ 语法选择：1题，关系词辨析（who/which/that/whose） ◦ 完成句子：1空，when/where/that/whose ◦ 完形/概要补全：0–1空，语境中判断关系词 2. 情境选材：校园生活、重庆本地文化、科技、日常故事（贴近学生） 3. 难度控制 不考非限制性定语从句、复杂介词+关系代词、as引导定语从句 侧重基础用法+只能用that的规则 解题锦囊 解题技巧与备考建议： 1. 找先行词：判断人/物/时间/地点2. 析从句成分：缺主/宾用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词3. 看特殊规则：是否只能用that • 重点练：关系代词/副词辨析+只能用that的3种情况 • 刷真题：重庆近5年单选+完成句子（定语从句） • 避坑：牢记what不引导、介词后不用that、宾语可省 关键考点 关系代词和关系副词 一、什么是定语？ 对名词起修饰作用的成分就是定语，可由形容词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等充当。 二、什么是定语从句？ 一个句子作定语，就叫定语从句。 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. 三、什么是先行词和关系词？ 1. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象称为先行词。 2. 关系词：定语从句中，连接主句和从句的词。 ▲▲▲关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which）：在句中作主语或宾语（whose作定语）。 ▲▲▲关系副词（when, where, why）：在句中作状语。 四、关系代词的用法 关系代词在定语从句中：①代替先行词；②在定语从句中充当成分；③连接主句和从句。 1. 先行词指人时，关系代词用 that/who/whom。 Do you know the girl who/ that has got an“ A ”in the exam? 你认识考试中得“A ”的那个女孩吗？ The man that/who/whom you met just now is my friend. 2. 先行词指物时，关系代词用 that/which。 She got a computer which/ that her parents bought for her. 她有一台电脑，这台电脑是她父母给她买的。 3. 关系代词 whose：既可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，作定语。 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard. 这个男孩学习非常刻苦，他爸爸是位医生。 The room whose window is open is mine. 开着窗户的那个房间是我的房间。 五、关系词在定语从句中的成分 1. 关系代词作主语，主谓一致。 (1) I have some friends who love watching Korean TV series (韩剧). (2) I like to travel to the countries which have a long history. 2. 关系代词作宾语，可省略。 (1) Have you read the book (that/which) you bought last month? (2) I know the person (who/whom/that) Dave is talking to. 六、介词+关系代词 1. Tomorrow I will bring you the magazine which/that she asked for. = Tomorrow I will bring you the magazine for which she asked. 2. The man who/whom/that you spoke to is our headmaster. = The man to whom you spoke is our headmaster. 3.I'll never forget the day when I joined the club. =I'll never forget the day on which I joined the club. 总结：动词后的介词可以提前。当介词提前时，指人只能用 whom，指物只能用 which。 七、关系词只能用 that 的情况 1. 当先行词既指人又指物时，用 that。 We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered. 2. 先行词是 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 3. 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时。 I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。 4. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过得最好的小说。 This is the third book that she has given me.这是她给我的第三本书。 5. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same 修饰时。 This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。 6. 当主句是以 who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，定语从句多用 that。 Which is the hotel that you like best?哪一个是你最喜欢的宾馆？ 八、关系副词 1. when：先行词是表示时间的名词（the time/day/week/year等），且关系词不作从句主语和宾语时。 (1) Francesca will never forget the day when she met Robert. (2) 1945 is the year when the World War II ended. 2. where：先行词是表示地点的名词（the place/city/hometown等），且关系词不作从句主语和宾语时。 (1) The factory where we work was built in 1978. (2) This is the shop where I bought my new shoes. 3. why：先行词是表示原因的名词 reason，且关系词不作从句主语和宾语时。 The reason why he was late for school was unbelievable. 九、整合梳理表格如下： 关系代词 可指代 从句中的成分 who 人 主/宾 whom 人 宾 that 人/物 主/宾 which 物 主/宾 whose 人/物 定 关系副词 可表示 与关系代词的关系 where 地点 =介词+which when 时间 =介词+which why 原因 =for which 一、单项选择 1. 【2025年黑龙江中考真题】The high-technology clothes ___ the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games. A. that B. who C. what 2. 【2025年黑龙江绥化中考真题】—Did you watch the most exciting dance ___ was performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala? —Yes, it was amazing. A. which B. that C. who 3. 【2025年山东中考真题】The boy ___ won the English speech contest is from our class. A. who B. which C. whom D. where 4. 【2025年安徽中考真题】Ella is someone ___ always makes people feel good about themselves. A. which B. whom C. as D. who 5. 【2025年天津中考真题】My brother introduced me to a woman with ___ he used to work. A. as B. whom C. which D. whose 6. 【2025年山西中考真题】This is the first test ___ I passed this term. A. which B. that C. what D. who 7. 【2025年吉林中考真题】This is the most interesting book ___ I have ever read. A. which B. that C. what D. who 8. 【2025年辽宁中考真题】Jeff is the man ___ won the first prize in the speech competition. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 9. 【2025年贵州中考真题】I hate the people ___ always laugh at others when they are in trouble. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 10. 【2025年浙江杭州中考真题】I know the girl ___ mother teaches English in our school. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 11. 【2025年重庆中考真题】The movie ___ we saw last night is very interesting. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 12. 【2025年重庆中考真题】Do you know the man ___ is standing at the gate? A. which B. who C. whom D. where 13. 【2025年重庆中考真题】This is the factory ___ my father worked ten years ago. A. which B. that C. where D. when 二、完成句子 14. 【2025年江苏南京中考真题】我仍然记得我第一次来重庆的那一天。 I still remember the day ______ I first came to Chongqing. 15. 【2025年广东广州中考真题】封面是红色的那本书是我的。 The book ______ cover is red is mine. 16. 【2025年四川成都中考真题】我们唯一能做的事就是等待。 The only thing ______ we can do is wait. 17. 【2025年山东济南中考真题】这就是我爸爸十年前工作过的工厂。 This is the factory ______ my father worked ten years ago. 18. 【2025年天津中考真题】你认识那个正在门口等的人吗？ Do you know the man ______ is waiting at the gate? 19. 【2025年浙江杭州中考真题】我喜欢歌词优美的音乐。 I like music ______ has beautiful lyrics. 20. 【2025年湖南长沙中考真题】他就是我昨天遇见的那个男孩。 He is the boy ______ I met yesterday. 21. 【2025年福建中考真题】这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 This is the most interesting film ______ I have ever seen. 22. 【2025年重庆中考真题】我永远不会忘记我们一起学习的日子。 I’ll never forget the days ______ we studied together. 23. 【2025年重庆中考真题】这就是我们上周参观的那个博物馆。 This is the museum ______ we visited last week. 24. 【2025年重庆中考真题】那个妈妈是我们老师的女孩是我的同学。 The girl ______ mother is our teacher is my classmate. 一、完形填空 根据短文内容，从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。   It was a typical busy noon. People were 1 to grab a quick meal at the crowded fast-food stand. Working through a long morning, my stomach was empty when I finally reached the front of the line and got my 2 —a burger, fries, and a cold drink. As I sat down, I noticed two firefighters in the back of the line. Their uniforms were heavy with burnt dots, like they’d just left a 3 house. Suddenly, a loud, sharp siren (警报) cut through the noise. The two firefighters froze for a second, and then 4 . No hesitation. They just grabbed their helmets and rushed toward the door. I stared at my 5 meal. Yet, their tired faces and fast reaction made up my mind. I stopped them just at the door before they went out. “Wait!” I shouted, holding out the tray. “You need this.” Surprised, they thanked me repeatedly and took the lunch. Watching them running toward the fire truck, a sense of 6 washed over me. When I returned to the 7 , the manager was waiting there with the same order. “That was really nice of you,” she said with a smile and 8 my payment. “Kindness like that shouldn’t go unrewarded.” Tears welled up in my eyes. I knew I didn’t just 9 two people. I became part of a circle of kindness, which makes this world feel a little 10 . 1．A．preparing B．pushing C．rushing D．smiling 2．A．order B．turn C．chance D．snack 3．A．windy B．smoky C．dirty D．snowy 4．A．cried B．laughed C．moved D．waited 5．A．unknown B．unwanted C．unsatisfied D．untouched 6．A．sadness B．disappointment C．regret D．pride 7．A．line B．restaurant C．state D．door 8．A．received B．refused C．accepted D．took 9．A．feed B．meet C．please D．hurt 10．A．greener B．softer C．cleaner D．faster 二、阅读理解 A ①Chongqing, a major city in southwestern China, has faced many environmental challenges in recent years. Because of its rapid development and large population, the city once faced air pollution, water pollution and waste management issues. However, Chongqing has taken effective measures to improve its environment. ②In the past, Chongqing’s air quality was poor because of factories and vehicle emissions (车辆排放物). To solve this problem, the government has introduced strict rules on industrial pollution and encouraged the use of clean energy. For example, many factories have replaced coal with natural gas. What’s more, Chongqing has improved its public transportation system to cut down the number of cars on the road. ③Chongqing lies at the meeting point of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River, which makes water resource protection important. The city has built more sewage treatment plants (污水处理厂) to clean wastewater before it flows into the rivers. Moreover, the government plans to clean up the rivers and prevent people from throwing rubbish into them. ④The government has also set up a system to reduce the amount of rubbish. People are encouraged to sort their waste into different kinds, such as recycling things, kitchen waste and hazardous waste like chemicals. Schools and communities often organize activities to teach people how to sort waste properly. ⑤To make the city more livable, Chongqing has planted millions of trees and built many parks and green spaces. These areas not only improve the environment but also provide places for people to relax and exercise. ⑥Thanks to these efforts, Chongqing’s environment has improved a lot. However, protecting the environment is a long-term task, and everyone needs to do their part. 11．According to the passage, what measures has Chongqing taken to solve air pollution? ①Encouraging the use of clean energy.    ②Setting up a system to reduce rubbish. ③Building many sewage treatment plants. ④Improving its public transportation system A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④ 12．How does the writer develop the third paragraph? A．By listing facts. B．By sharing ideas. C．By listing numbers. D．By asking questions. 13．What can we infer from the passage? A．Chongqing’s environment is perfect now and needs no more efforts B．All factories in Chongqing still use coal as fuel. C．Environmental protection needs the efforts of the whole city. D．People in Chongqing don’t need to sort waste. 14．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． B 2026 is the Year of the Horse according to the Chinese lunar calendar. The horse is the seventh animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese Zodiac. It’s not only important to understand cultural meanings linked to this animal but also necessary to know about the personality traits (性格特征) of people born in the Year of the Horse. The horse carries rich meanings in Chinese culture. It is a symbol of speed, energy, success and progress. A popular saying “Ma Dao Cheng Gong”, which means “achieve immediate success”, shows people’s wishes to reach goals quickly and have a smooth career. Besides, the horse represents freedom because it is unwilling to be restricted by rules. In addition, it means being honest and trustworthy, as horses have always stayed with humans faithfully throughout history. What might people be like if they were born in the Year of the Horse? They are usually warm, cheerful and full of energy, with a strong interest in life and new things. They think fast and act quickly, and can get used to new circumstances easily. Genghis Khan, Kangxi and Li Shimin, who were born in the Year of the Horse and known for their energy and quick decisions, are typical of people born in the Year of the Horse. Meanwhile, they are honest and value friendship a lot, and often treat friends and family generously. However, they can be a little impatient when doing things sometimes. The Year of the Horse is worth learning so that we can better understand Chinese culture as well as the stories behind it. 15．Which year is the next horse year according to the passage? A．2026. B．2036. C．2038. D．2040. 16．What are the symbolic meanings of the horse in Chinese culture? A．kindness and bravery. B．freedom and success. C．quickness and dishonesty. D．speed and laziness. 17．Which sentence uses “circumstances” with the same meaning as the underlined word? A．Bob whose family circumstances are very poor is from a village. B．The police are checking the circumstances of the accident. C．We should learn to fit in with the new circumstances at school. D．His bad circumstances didn’t stop him from studying hard. 18．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chinese Zodiac: The Cultural Meanings of Horses B．The Year of the Horse: Culture and Personalities C．How to Celebrate the Year of the Horse in 2026 D．The 12 Chinese Zodiac Animals: History and Meaning 三、完成句子。 19．The factory where my father worked was closed last year. (改为同义句) The factory ________ ________ my father worked was closed last year. 20．Anna thanked the woman. She helped her. (两句合并为一句) Anna thanked the woman ________ ________ her. 21．He values the photo. The photo reminds him of the good memories. (合成一句) He values the photo ________ ________ him of the good memories. 22．每年春天，当地的山坡上到处都是茶农，他们为自己能在自己的土地上种植茶叶而感到自豪。（汉译英） Every spring, local hillsides are filled with tea farmers who ________ ________ in planting tea on their land. 23．正在广场上放烟花的人是我的叔叔。（汉译英） The man ________ is ________ off fireworks in the square is my uncle. 24．它有多种口感独特、品质上乘的茶叶。（汉译英） It has many kinds of tea ________ ________ special taste and high quality. 25．我们必须铭记保卫祖国的英雄们。（汉译英） We must remember the heroes ________ ________ our homeland. 26．这里有许多名胜古迹，每年吸引着来自世界各地数以百万计的游客。（汉译英） There are many places of interest ________ attract ________ ________ ________ from all over the world every year. 27．昨天给我们做环保讲座的那位专家是我爸爸的朋友。（汉译英） The expert ________ ________ us an environmental lecture yesterday is my father’s friend. 28．我更喜欢描写贵州人民生活的故事。 I ________ the stories ________ describe the life of people in Guizhou. 29．we, something, that, enjoy, is, sweet, both (连词成句) __________________________________________________. 30．prefers,which,He,something,music,think about,him,to,gives. (连词成句) __________________________________________________. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $