Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World单元素养提升-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(译林版)

该高中英语单元复习讲义通过表格与模块式框架系统构建知识体系，从核心单词拼写、拓展词汇词形转换、重点短语运用到经典句式翻译，分层梳理语法与写作要点，清晰呈现知识内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“词汇-短语-句式-语篇”的递进式练习设计，如拓展词汇部分通过intend→intention→intended等词形转换题提升语言能力，经典句式翻译题培养思维品质。基础题夯实词汇基础，连句成文题锻炼综合运用，支持学生自主复习，助力教师实施分层教学。

单元素养提升 ◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 回顾单元知识·提高语言能力 一、核心单词写对 1.　republic　 n.　　　 共和国，共和政体 2.　broad　 adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 3.　trial　 n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 　　vi.& vt. 测试，试验 4.　conduct　 vt.& vi. 组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 5.　politician　 n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 6.　theory　 n. 学说，论；原理；看法，意见 7.　thunderstorm　 n. 雷雨，雷暴 8.　metal　 n. 金属 9.　standout　 adj. 突出的 　　　　n. 突出的人（或物） 10.　bomb　 n. 炸弹；核武器 　　　vt. 轰炸 11.　credit　 n. 赞扬，认可；信用 　　 vt. 存入金额；把……归于 12.　negate　 vt. 取消，使无效；否认，否定 13.　authority　 n. 权威，权力；官方 14.　marriage　 n. 结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 Ⅰ.根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式 1.One in seven accidents　 is caused by sleepy drivers. 2.Last month， my close friend， Li Hua， persuaded me to join in his journey to Zhejiang Province　. 3.She is allergic to household　 dust， so she often wears a hat when cleaning the house. 4.Thank you for furnishing me with so many data　 I need on my research. 5.There are some programming 　errors　 （错误） that need correction. 6.It was an unpopular decision to 　postpone　 （延迟） building the new hospital. 7.Many people do not like the idea of 　experiments　 （实验） on animals. 8.The phone won’t work if it isn’t 　charged　 （充电） up in time. 9.We must try to preserve the best of our 　moral　 （道德的） values for our children and grandchildren. 10.Our research is being 　published　 （出版；发表） in a well-known medical journal. 二、拓展词汇用活 1.　deadly　 adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的→dead adj.死亡的；死的 2.　survival　 n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survivor n.幸存者 3.　intend　 vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指→intention n.目的，意图，打算→intended adj.打算的；设计的 4.　limited　 adj.有限的→limit vt.限制 n.限度；限制→limitation n.限制 5.　container　 n.容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt.包含，含有 6.　sufficient　 adj.足够的，充足的→sufficiency n.足量，充足 7.　wisdom　 n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智→wise adj.充满智慧的；英明的 8.　beneficial　 adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n.益处，好处 v.获益 9.　illustrate　 vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n.（书、杂志等中的）图表，插图；图解；图示；例释 10.　surround　 vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的，附近的→surroundings n.环境；周围的事物 11.　indicate　 vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n.表明；标示；显示；象征 12.　intelligent　 adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n.智力；聪明；智能 13.　favour　 vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的 14.　electricity　 n.电，电能→electrical adj.与电有关的→electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的→electronic adj.电子的 15.　 scientific　 adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家 16.　apply　 vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n.应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷→applicant n.申请人 17.　ignorance　 n.无知→ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的 18.　freedom　 n.自由→free adj.自由的 19.　permit　 vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证→permission n.允许，许可 20.　responsibility　 n.责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj.负责的；尽责的 21.　declare　 vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报→declaration n.宣言；公布 22.　nationality　 n.国籍；民族→nation n.民族；国家；国民→national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的 Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空 1.With the 　intention　 of becoming famous and rich， many ordinary people 　intend　 to take part in some TV shows， which are 　intended　 to find good singers.（intend） 2.Luckily， the boy 　survived　 the terrible car crash last week and he was the only 　survivor　 of the accident.（survive） 3.The natural resources we have are 　limited.Therefore， we have no reason to waste the precious resources without 　limit　.（limit） 4.Everyone knows the 　benefit　 of learning English and if you learn it well， it will be 　beneficial　 to your future career.It is reported that many graduates have 　benefited　 from having a good command of English.（benefit） 5.Even if you have a 　permit　， I won’t 　permit　 you to enter the hall without her 　permission　.（permit） 6.We’ll be 　responsible　 for your safety and you need to take 　responsibility　 for your actions.（responsible） 7.Britain is a developed 　nation　 and its 　national　 flower is rose.Peter， my colleague， holds British 　nationality　.（nation） 8.It’s 　declared　 that the two countries have agreed to stop the conflict.They must obey the 　declaration　 for ever.（declare） 9.Owing to 　ignorance　 of traffic laws， some drivers usually 　ignore　 the speed limit.（ignore） 10.All the 　applicants　 can 　apply　 in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their 　applications　 before 6 May.（apply） 11.The current situation is in our 　favour.That is to say， the current situation is 　favourable　 to us.（favour） 12.This is a glass 　container.You can clearly see what it 　contains　.（contain） 三、重点短语用准 1.　refer to　 　 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 2.　give up　 放弃 3.　large amounts of　 许多，大量 4.　be likely to　 很可能 5.　speed up　 （使）加速 6.　pay off　 成功，奏效，达到目的 7.　through trial and error　 反复试验 8.　draw on　 利用 9.　by accident　 偶然，意外地 10.　far from　 远离；远非；完全不 11.　be known for　 因……而出名 12.　go through　 经历；经受；仔细检查；完成；通过；用完 13.　make a contribution to　 对……做贡献 14.　with a bang　 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 15.　devote oneself to　 献身于；致力于 16.　let sb down　 使某人失望 17.　as to　 关于，至于 18.　take it for granted　 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 19.　put forward　 提出，提议，建议 Ⅲ.选用上面短语的适当形式填空 1.　Speed up　 your pace and try to arrive there on time. 2.Middle school students often 　refer to　 this dictionary when they meet with new words. 3.No one has come up with a definitive answer 　as to　 why this should be so. 4.All of you present are welcome to 　put forward　 your views. 5.During the experiment， she discovered the problem 　by accident　. 6.The school year started off 　with a bang　 when I was named class president. 7.If you still keep silent， I will 　take it for granted　 that you imply agreement. 8.Nobody taught him and he actually learnt by himself 　through trial and error　. 9.I’ll have to 　draw on　 my savings to afford it. 10.Did he 　give up　 or keep on trying？ 11.Everyone should make a contribution to　 protecting the environment. 四、经典句式写美 1.句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do ... 教材原句：Tu Youyou has become 　the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize　 （中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家）， awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria， one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 2.句型公式：形容词化的动词-ed形式作状语 教材原句：　Born in 1930， in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province　 （1930年，出生于浙江宁波）， Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. 3.句型公式：it作形式主语 教材原句：However， 　it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials　 （很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验） because research resources were limited. 4.句型公式：动词-ing形式短语作定语 教材原句：Perhaps the next generation of scientists， 　drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine　 （借鉴中医的智慧）， will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 5.句型公式：It was not until ...that ... 教材原句：However， 　it was not until the 1970s that　 （直到20世纪70年代） Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu， after many failed experiments. 6.句型公式：way作先行词的定语从句 教材原句：　The first way in which　 （第一种方式） science is of value is familiar to everyone： scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. 7.句型公式：what 引导宾语从句 教材原句：And when he is pretty sure of 　what the result is going to be　 （结果将会怎样）， he is still in some doubt. 8.句型公式：it作形式宾语 教材原句：Now， we scientists 　take it for granted that　 （理所当然地认为） it is perfectly possible to live and not know. Ⅳ.翻译句子 1.在1973年，他成了世界上第一个种植高产水稻的农业先驱。 　In 1973， he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.　 2.一时间她默不作声，陷入沉思。 　She was silent for a while， lost in thought.　 3.养成早睡早起的习惯是重要的。 　It is important to form the habit of going to bed and rising early.　 4.有标志提醒人们在公共场所禁止吸烟。 　There are signs reminding people to limit smoking in public places.　 5.直到昨晚12点钟我父亲才回家。 　It was not until 12 o’clock last night that my father came home.　 6.今晚的节目集中讨论破裂家庭如何影响年轻一代。 　Tonight’s program focuses on the way in which/that broken families affect the young.　 7.经过许多天的航行之后，他们到达了如今被称为非洲的地方。 　After many days’ voyage， they arrived in what is called Africa nowadays.　 8.他没有给我回信，我感到很奇怪。 　I felt it strange that he didn’t reply to me.　 整合话题元素·增强思维品质 夯实素材储备·注重续写体验 环境描写 ①lightning n.闪电 ②thunderstorm n.雷雨，雷暴 ③bang n.突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击 vi.& vt.砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞 人物描写 ①evil n.罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 ②marriage n.结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 动作描写 ①surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 ②let sb down使某人失望 ③permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证 ④put forward提出，提议，建议 其他 household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 n.一家人，家庭 一、连词成句 　　根据教材语料中所给词汇及汉语提示翻译下列句子。 1.一天晚上，汤姆被闪电和雷雨惊醒了。（环境描写；被动语态） 　One night， Tom was awakened by the lightning and thunderstorm.　 2.当他经过父母的卧室时，听到他们在争论。（动作描写；非谓语动词） 　As he passed his parents’ bedroom，he heard them quarreling.　 3.他的父亲提出让汤姆长大后当一名官员，然而妈妈坚持让他当一名教师。（动词-ing形式的复合结构；并列句） 　His father put forward Tom’s being an official when he grew up， but his mother insisted that he be a teacher.　 4.这让汤姆心情很不好，愤怒和沮丧包裹着他。（情感描写；独立主格结构） 　This made Tom feel very bad， anger and frustration surrounding him.　 5.他打开门，来到院子里。大约过了一个小时，天空中出现了一些星星。慢慢地，他平静了下来。（环境描写） 　He opened the door and went into the yard.After about an hour，some stars appeared in the sky.Slowly， he calmed down.　 6.他对自己说：“一切都会好起来的，我的未来我做主。我的物理很好，我会做一名物理科学家，为国家的强大尽自己的微薄之力。我是这个家庭的希望，我不会让父母失望的。” （心理描写） 　He said to himself， “Everything will be all right.I am the master of my future.My physics is very good.I will be a physics scientist and make a contribution to the strength of the country.I am the hope of the household and I won’t let my parents down.”　 二、连句成文 　　用适当的过渡词将上面的句子合并成一个小语段。 　　　One night， Tom was awakened by the lightning and thunderstorm.As he passed his parents’ bedroom， he heard them quarreling.His father put forward Tom’s being an official when he grew up， but his mother insisted that he be a teacher.This made Tom feel very bad， anger and frustration surrounding him.He opened the door and went into the yard.After about an hour， some stars appeared in the sky.Slowly， he calmed down.He said to himself，“Everything will be all right.I am the master of my future.My physics is very good.I will be a physics scientist and make a contribution to the strength of the country.I am the hope of the household and I won’t let my parents down.”　 7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $