Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Using language-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(外研版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语过去分词（短语）作状语核心知识点，系统梳理其作原因、条件、让步等状语的类型，明确逻辑主语一致及独立主格结构等注意事项，对比现在分词用法，辅以词汇拓展与即时演练，构建从基础理解到综合应用的学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过例句与状语从句的转换练习提升语法应用能力，分层设计基础题型、语法与写作、语篇训练，助力学生自主查漏。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后强化知识内化，体现“学练结合”的学科特色，有效提升学生的语法理解与语言运用能力。

Section Ⅱ　Using language 过去分词（短语）作状语 ①Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything. ②Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt ... ③Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. ④Although wounded all over， the brave soldiers continued to fight. ⑤Followed by his wolf-dog， the hunter walked slowly in the forest. ⑥He was found lying on the ground， his hands tied. 【我的发现】 1.句①－⑤中的过去分词分别在句中作　原因　状语、　条件　状语、　时间　状语、　让步　状语和　方式　状语。 2.过去分词表示　被动　或　已经完成　的动作。作状语时，可以　单独　使用，如句①、句②、句③和句⑤；也可以在其前面加上适当的　连词　，如句④。 3.过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语　保持一致　，如果不一致，我们常在过去分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成　独立主格结构　，如句⑥。 一、过去分词（短语）作状语的用法 1.过去分词（短语）作状语的类型 过去分词（短语）表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语往往为句子的主语。过去分词（短语）作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式、伴随等。过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。 状语类型 例句 原因状语 Encouraged by his teacher， the naughty boy began to concentrate on class. →As the naughty boy was encouraged by his teacher， he began to concentrate on class. 由于受到老师的鼓舞，这个淘气的男孩开始集中精力听课了。 条件状语 Given more time，we could help the injured man out. →If we were given more time， we could help the injured man out. 如果多给我们点时间，我们会帮这位伤员摆脱困境。 让步状语 Wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn’t let out screams of pain. →Although he was wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn’t let out screams of pain. 尽管受伤严重，那位勇敢的战士也未发出痛苦的叫声。 时间状语 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last. →After they were discussed many times，the problems were settled at last. 多次讨论之后，这些问题终于被解决了。 方式状语 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son. →The old man walked into the room and was supported by his son. 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 伴随状语 Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly，followed by her daughter. →Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly and she was followed by her daughter. 吴太太上气不接下气地冲了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。 2.过去分词（短语）作状语的位置 过去分词（短语）作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 He stood there silently， moved to tears. ＝Moved to tears， he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动地热泪盈眶。 【即时演练1】　写出下列句中蓝体部分所充当的状语类型 ①Clearly and thoughtfully written， the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 　原因状语　 ②Time， used correctly， is money in the bank. 　条件状语　 ③Seated at the table， his father and he were talking about his job. 　方式状语　 ④When given a medical examination， you should keep calm. 　时间状语　 二、过去分词（短语）作状语的注意事项 1.过去分词（短语）作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，如： when， while， if， though， as if， unless等，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构，以使句意表达得更清楚。 Unless constantly repeated， the English words are easily forgotten. 这些英语单词很容易忘记，除非不断地重复（记忆）。 When asked why she came here， the girl kept silent. 当被问到为何来这儿时，那个女孩保持沉默。 He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. 他开始大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。 2.过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则需加上自己的主语构成独立主格结构。 Employed in reading， he didn’t notice me come in.他专心读书，没有注意到我进来。 He was listening attentively in class， his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他课上专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。（his eyes fixed on the blackboard为独立主格结构，fix的逻辑主语是his eyes） 3.有些形容词化的过去分词，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有lost（迷失的），seated （坐下来的），hidden （隐藏的），lost/absorbed in （沉浸于），dressed in （穿着），tired of （厌烦）等。 Lost in thought， he didn’t hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。 【即时演练2】　补全句子 ①　Although defeated again　， the scientist didn’t give up. 尽管再次被打败了，但这位科学家并没有放弃。 ②Children， 　when accompanied by their parents　， are allowed to enter the stadium. 孩子们由他们的父母陪同时才可以进入这个体育场。 ③　Concerned about his son’s safety　， he couldn’t fall asleep. 由于担心儿子的安全，他难以入眠。 ④　The signal given　， the bus started at once. 信号一发出，公共汽车就立刻开动了。 三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词作状语 过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在 现在分词作状语 现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动 现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 Seen from the top of the tower， our city looks more beautiful. 从塔顶上看，我们的城市看起来更漂亮。（主语our city和see之间是被动关系） Seeing from the top of the tower，we can get a wonderful view of our city. 从塔顶我们可以饱览城市的美景。（主语we和see之间是主动关系） 名师点津 过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式（having been done）作状语时，都具有被动意义，有时可以互换，但是having been done结构强调动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作。 Examined carefully， the patient was sent to the operation room. ＝Having been examined carefully， the patient was sent to the operation room. 仔细检查之后，那个病人被送进了手术室。 【即时演练3】　单句语法填空 ①　Hesitating　 （hesitate） over whether to leave or not， the child stayed where he was. ②　Inspired　 （inspire） by his words， they have decided to try their best to achieve what they want. ③Through his whole life， Charles Dickens created a sea of literary works， 　revealing　 （reveal） a wide range of social issues in Great Britain in the 19th century. annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的 【教材原句】　Prevented from playing her role in Riley’s emotional development， Sadness feels annoyed. 由于无法在莱利的情感发展过程中起主导作用，悲伤感到很烦恼。 【用法】 （1）be annoyed with sb　　　　 对某人生气 be annoyed at/about sth　　因某事而生气 be annoyed to do/that ...　　因为……而生气 （2）annoy vt.　 　　　使恼怒；打扰 annoying adj.　　令人恼怒的，令人烦恼的 （3）annoyance n.　　烦恼；令人烦恼的事；打扰 to one’s annoyance　　令某人生气的是 【佳句】　She was annoyed at/about being disturbed in the middle of the night. 她因半夜被打扰感到很恼火。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The news was so 　annoying　 （annoy） that it ruined my whole day. ②He was annoyed 　to learn　 （learn） that the train would be delayed. ③Meg was annoyed 　with　 me because I forgot to stop and buy bread on my way home. 【写美】　补全句子 ④　To his annoyance　， he found his friend hadn’t waited for him. 让他生气的是，他发现他的朋友没有等他。 adjust v.适应，（使）习惯；调整 【教材原句】　When Riley moves to a new city， she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings. 当莱利搬到一个新城市时，她很难适应新环境。 【用法】 （1）adjust ...to ...　　　 调整……以适应…… adjust to （doing） sth　　适应于（做）某事 adjust oneself to　　使自己适应于…… （2）adjustment n.　　调整；调节；适应 make adjustments/an adjustment to　对……作出调整 （3）adjustable adj.　　可调节的 an adjustable chair　　一把可调节的椅子 【佳句】　This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need. 这种桌子可以根据你的需要调节高度。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy 　adjustment　 （adjust）， high status has just the opposite effect on us. ②When a child is studying abroad， he must learn to adjust to 　living　 （live） on his own. 【写美】　补全句子 ③You’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.That way， you can 　adjust yourself to the life　 in Beijing soon. 你最好在来之前学习一些基本的汉语，那样你就能很快地适应北京的生活。（建议信） by accident 偶然，意外地 【教材原句】　Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley’s happy core memories with Joy. 悲伤想尽自己的责任，但却意外地让莱莉的快乐核心记忆丧失。 【用法】 by chance＝accidentally　　　偶然，意外地 by design＝on purpose　　有意地，故意地 by mistake　　错误地 【佳句】　What you should remember is that success in your life doesn’t happen by accident； it’s actually the result of your hard work. 你应该记住：你人生中的成功不是偶然发生的，它实际上是你努力的结果。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①You sometimes hurt your family members or friends 　by　 accident but I’m sure you don’t hurt them 　on　 purpose. ②Our English teacher 　accidentally　 （accident） found the headmaster attending her lecture. 【写美】　补全句子 ③I took someone else’s bag 　by mistake　 at the station yesterday. 昨天在车站我误拿了别人的包。 forgive v.原谅，宽恕 【教材原句】　Try to forgive someone when they apologise. 当别人道歉时，试着原谅他们。 【用法】 （1）forgive sb sth　 　　　宽恕某人某事 forgive sb for （doing） sth　　原谅某人（做）某事 forgive one’s doing sth　　原谅某人做某事 forgive and forget　　不念旧恶；不记仇 （2）forgiveness n.　　原谅 【佳句】　We forgave him for his rudeness as he was so young. 因为他如此年轻，我们原谅了他的无礼。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Forgive my 　interrupting　 （interrupt）， but I really don’t agree with you. ②The shy girl didn’t know how to ask for her mother’s 　forgiveness　 （forgive）. 【写美】　补全句子 ③It is a virtue to 　forgive and forget　. 不记仇是一种美德。 embarrassment n.尴尬，难为情 【教材原句】　It’s not a good idea to criticise someone in front of others.This can cause embarrassment. 当着别人的面批评人是不对的。这会引起尴尬。 【用法】 （1）to one’s embarrassment　令某人尴尬的是 （2）embarrass v.　　使尴尬 （3）embarrassed adj.　　尴尬的；陷入困境的 be embarrassed about/at ...　　对……感到难为情 be embarrassed to do sth　　对做某事感到尴尬 （4）embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的；使人难堪的 【佳句】　We should learn to communicate in a kinder way with people who are sensitive about what others say to avoid embarrassment. 我们应该学会以一种更友善的方式与那些对别人说的话很敏感的人交流，以避免尴尬。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①As he entered the room， all the people became silent， which made him very 　embarrassed　 （embarrass）. ②His sudden appearance made me in an 　embarrassing　 （embarrass） situation. ③Her face turned red with 　embarrassment　 （embarrass） when I asked when she would marry. 【写美】　补全句子 ④　To her embarrassment　， she couldn’t understand the instructions on the bottle. 令她尴尬的是，她不能理解瓶子上的说明。 维度一：基础题型练 品句填词 1.What we should remember is that our 　duty　 （义务） is to serve the people heart and soul. 2.We must 　ensure　 （确保） that all patients have access to high-quality care. 3.Some speakers argued that 　boxing　 （拳击） was less dangerous than rugby. 4.I didn’t mean to break the window — it was an 　accident　 （意外事件）. 5.Concern for the environment is at the 　core　 （核心） of our policies. 6.The house was small and dark inside so it took a long time for our eyes to 　adjust　 （适应）. 7.We 　forgave　 （原谅） his bad temper because we knew that his son’s illness had put him under great stress. 8.To her embarrassment　， she couldn’t remember his name when she met an old friend in the street. 9.She’s always criticising　 her friends for being selfish. 10.The headteacher was annoyed　 to find some teenagers smoking after school. 维度二：语法与写作 补全句子 1.　Seen from the hill　， the city looks like a beautiful garden. 从山上看，这个城市就像一个美丽的花园。 2.　When asked for his views about his teaching job　， Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 当被问到对他的教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得既有趣又有意义。 3.　 Absorbed in the tough question　， John didn’t notice evening approaching. 约翰全神贯注于这道难题，没有注意到夜幕降临了。 4.My uncle came to our New Year party， 　dressed up　 as Donald Duck. 我叔叔来参加我们的新年晚会，打扮成唐老鸭的样子。 5.　Corrected by the teacher　， the papers were handed out. 被老师批改完后，试卷被分发下去。 6.　Permitted by his manager　， the worker took a day’s leave. 得到经理的允许，这个工人休了一天的假。 7.　Decorated with new furniture and wallpaper　， my flat is comfortable to live in. 我的公寓装饰了新家具和壁纸，住起来很舒服。 8.　Moved by this music　， he said， “It was like seeing colour for the first time.” 被这段音乐打动了，他说：“那种感觉就如同第一次看见色彩一样。” 9.The boy started as if 　awakened from a dream　. 这个男孩猛地一惊，好像从梦中惊醒了似的。 10.　Surrounded by a group of young people　， the old man felt happy. 身边围着一群年轻人，老人感到很高兴。 维度三：语法与语篇 用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。 　　The newly designed robot can aid people with physical tasks and many other social services.For example， 1.　given　 （give） a certain instruction， a service robot can help move objects from one place to another within a house.It can also help the person to contact his or her doctor or give the person daily reminders.2.　Employed　 （employ） by families with children， a service robot can make the time parents spend doing household chores 3.　reduced　 （reduce）.It might also make parents less worried， because they know that glassware， for example， won’t possibly be broken by children when 4.　collected　 （collect） by a service robot. 　　5.　Designed　 （design） with such functions， service robots are gaining wide popularity in the world. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone， when you look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the same facial expression？ It may seem like they have consciously （有意识地） copied you， but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon （变色龙） effect at play. 　　The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation of another person’s gestures or behaviour.Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours， people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth. 　　The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999.The first part of their experiment included 78 people， who each spoke with an experimenter.During the test， Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before， like moving the foot and touching the face.The second part measured the impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated. 　　In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20％ and their foot movement by 50％ while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter.The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts.The second stage involved half of the participants being copied， and then rating the likeability of the experimenter.The results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter higher.It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings about them.These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of connection. 　　The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are positive.However， when people carry this chameleon effect to the extreme， they can lose their sense of self.Those who change their entire personalities in different groups often go undetected.But more common signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice.Next time you are in a social gathering， take a look around and you might just see some chameleons for yourself. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的研究，告诉我们人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离。 1.Why do people acquire others’ behavior？（　　） A.To match the environment’s colours. B.To attract others’ attention. C.To establish a connection with others. D.To adapt to the surroundings. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth可知，人们为了与他人建立联系，会习得他人的行为。 2.How did the experimenter guarantee participants’ unconscious behaviour？（　　） A.By directing their attention to a photo. B.By keeping a close eye on their actions. C.By telling them the purpose of the study. D.By evaluating the impacts of their imitation. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts.可知，实验者用一张照片吸引参与者的注意力来保证他们的无意识行为。 3.What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment？（　　） A.Too much of the chameleon effect can be beneficial. B.People tend to like those who imitate their behaviour. C.People imitating others are not easy to be detected. D.The copied movements help people to feel relaxed. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings about them.可推断出，实验表明人们倾向于那些喜欢模仿自己行为的人。 4.Which of the following shows the chameleon effect according to the passage？（　　） A.A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage. B.Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun after class. C.People change their habits to please others on purpose. D.A husband and his wife share similar behaviour over time. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中变色龙效应的定义可知，随着时间的推移，丈夫和妻子有相似的行为是变色龙效应，这是因为他们经常在一起相处，会无意识地互相模仿。 B 　　Living in a modern society has its advantages and disadvantages. One disadvantage is that you often have to live closer to other people than you would like to. Sometimes， your neighbours make noise that you are not comfortable with. 　　The best way to solve this problem is to talk with your neighbour first. You should be very polite and ask your neighbour if he knows how thin the walls of your homes are. This way doesn’t criticise （批评） his behaviour； it simply points out that he may not realise how far his sound travels. Tell him that you know that sometimes you make noise as well， but that you do your best to keep it down. Often this will solve the problem right away， but sometimes the neighbour may become angry. 　　If your neighbour becomes angry with you， there are some more steps you can take. You might write a letter to the neighbourhood committee. Make sure you write down the source of the noise and the time in the letter. They will review the situation and decide whether your neighbour is out of line. Some noise is considered to be reasonable， even if it bothers you. So you may prepare a good pair of earplugs （耳塞）. 　　Even if your neighbour makes too much noise， you don’t have to live your life in discomfort. It’s always a good idea to be friendly with your neighbours. You may clean the rubbish in front of his door. He’s sure to appreciate behaviour like this and be more open to your suggestions about the noise level. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在现代社会中与邻居相处时可能遇到的噪音问题，并提出了解决这一问题的方法。 5.What is the first step to deal with the noisy neighbour？（　　） A.To buy a good pair of earplugs. B.To offer suggestions to the neighbour. C.To ask the neighbourhood committee for help. D.To tell the neighbour how bad his behaviour is. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，应对吵闹的邻居的第一步是礼貌地和他们交谈，委婉地给他们提出建议。 6.What does the underlined word “reasonable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　） A.Terrible.　　　　　 B.Loud. C.Proper.　 D.Useful. 解析：C　词义猜测题。画线词所在句中even if引导让步状语从句，表明主从句之间的转折关系，结合下文建议自己戴耳塞可推知，即使有些声音打扰了你，但它们是“合理的”。所以reasonable与proper同义，意为“合理的”。 7.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？（　　） A.You should control your noise as well. B.You can live comfortably even if there is noise. C.Your neighbour may be more friendly than you think. D.You should offer some suggestions to your neighbour. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据最后一段第一句可知，即使有噪音，你也可以舒适地生活。 8.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage？ （　　） A.To tell us why we should get on well with neighbours. B.To tell us how to relax ourselves in modern society. C.To tell us how to become known among neighbours. D.To tell us what we should do with our noisy neighbours. 解析：D　写作目的题。通读全文，结合第二、三段内容可知，本文的主要目的是告诉读者应该如何处理与吵闹邻居之间的关系，以维护良好的居住环境。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　The first day of school our primary Mrs Miller introduced herself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t already know.I stood up to 　9　 around when a pretty girl came into my sight.She said， “Hi， my name is Katie.” 　　After class we became 　10　 friends.Every day for the next 8 years we studied together and talked nonstop.We were 　11　 to our classmates， and everyone knew that if you saw one of us， you’d likely see the other. 　　But when we started high school， things began to change.Katie 　12　 the cheerleading team and started hanging out with a new group of friends.But I joined the robotics club， and spent most of my time 　13　 with machines and coding.We still saw each other at school， but our schedules became 　14　 and we had less time to hang out. 　　One day， Katie told me she’d been having a 　15　 time with her cheerleading coach.Her coach had been criticizing her 　16　 and telling her that she wasn’t good enough.She wanted to give it up. 　　Katie’s words reminded me of a time when I was working on a robot and couldn’t get it to function 　17　.As I felt like giving up， Katie said to me， “I know you dream of being a robotics engineer.When you 　18　 your dream， you die.You can do anything if you put your mind to it.” It was my turn to help her out.I told her that she was an amazing 　19　， and that she could overcome any obstacle with hard work and 　20　. 　　After the chat Katie started to feel better about herself.She even tried out for the team captain position.She didn’t get the role， but she was 　21　 of herself for trying. Years later， Katie and I were still best friends.We realized that while our new friends were fun， they didn’t 　22　 us the way we did.We pursued different paths， but we helped each other believe in ourselves， and showed each other the power of 　23　， determination， and support. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者回忆自己与好友相互鼓励、相互支持的故事。 9.A.expect　　　　　　　 B.show C.look　 D.come 解析：C　根据下文when a pretty girl came into my sight可知，此处指的是作者环顾四周，看到一个漂亮的女孩。“环顾四周”应为look around。 10.A.instant　 B.old C.strange　 D.false 解析：A　根据上文She said， “Hi， my name is Katie.”可知，这是两个人初次见面，结合空前的After class可知，作者和Katie立刻成了朋友。 11.A.inseparable　 B.competitive C.independent　 D.indifferent 解析：A　根据下文everyone knew that if you saw one of us， you’d likely see the other可知，此处指的是作者和Katie形影不离。 12.A.observed　 B.led C.joined　 D.moved 解析：C　根据下文But I joined the robotics club可知，作者加入了机器人俱乐部，而Katie加入了拉拉队。 13.A.comparing　 B.tinkering C.fighting　 D.bargaining 解析：B　机器人俱乐部应该是每天都在修补机器和编程。 14.A.busier　 B.lazier C.smarter　 D.shorter 解析：A　根据下文we had less time to hang out可知，作者和Katie没时间闲逛了。由此可知，她们两个都很忙。 15.A.careful　 B.tough C.sensible　 D.ridiculous 解析：B　根据下文Her coach had been criticizing her可知，教练总批评Katie，所以她与教练关系不好。tough意为“困难的”，符合语境。 16.A.endings　 B.songs C.grades　 D.moves 解析：D　根据上文Katie加入了拉拉队可知，教练的批评应该是与动作相关。 17.A.properly　 B.tightly C.perfectly　 D.beautifully 解析：A　根据上文I was working on a robot and couldn’t get it to function可知，作者在修理机器人时遇到了麻烦。由此可知，此处指的是不能使机器人正常地运行。 18.A.shake　 B.believe C.express　 D.lose 解析：D　此处指的是失去梦想，你就死了。 19.A.dreamer　 B.dancer C.cheerleader　 D.friend 解析：C　Katie加入的是拉拉队，所以此处指的是拉拉队队员。 20.A.determination　 B.regret C.excitement　 D.satisfaction 解析：A　根据上文that she could overcome any obstacle with hard work可知，此处与hard work并列，且结合语境可知，克服障碍需要的是努力和决心。 21.A.delightful　 B.proud C.optimistic　 D.thankful 解析：B　根据上文After the chat Katie started to feel better about herself.She even tried out for the team captain position.可知，Katie虽然没有成为队长，但自己努力过，所以此处指的是为此感到自豪。 22.A.hope　 B.promise C.support　 D.teach 解析：C　根据下文but we helped each other believe in ourselves可知，作者和Katie帮助彼此相信自己，所以此处指的是支持。 23.A.confidence　 B.kindness C.generosity　 D.friendship 解析：D　作者与Katie相识多年，相互支持，这是本文的中心主题，所以此处指的是友谊的力量。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　Would you like 24.　　　　　　 （get） in touch with your friends？ Do you send a text 25.　　　　　　 make a phone call？ A new study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology suggests that you 26.　　　　　　 （call） instead of 27.　　　　　　 （send） a text.Calling makes you feel more connected with your friends. 　　Scientists asked 200 people to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone.Many people 28.　　　　　　 （think） that a phone call would be more awkward.But 29.　　　　　　 （actual）， hearing someone’s voice made the experience 30.　　　　　　 （good）. 　　According to the study， people like to text because they can have more control.They can think about their message before they send it， and they won’t be cut off or interrupted while messaging. 　　But 31.　　　　　　 the other hand， texting can make 32.　　　　　　 hard to understand the true meaning of a conversation.Making a phone call is more natural.You don’t need to overthink the possible meanings behind the words and punctuation 33.　　　　　　 can be used in a text. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究，建议人们和朋友联系时应该打电话而不是发短信。 24.to get　考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth想要做某事。故填to get。 25.or　考查连词。send a text和make a phone call之间为选择关系。故填or。 26.（should） call　考查虚拟语气。suggest作“建议”讲时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“（should＋）动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。故填（should） call。 27.sending　考查非谓语动词。根据空前的instead of可知，此处要用动词-ing形式作宾语。故填sending。 28.thought　考查动词的时态。结合上文的asked可知，此处要用一般过去时。故填thought。 29.actually　考查词形转换。分析句子可知，此处修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填actually。 30.better　考查形容词的比较级。根据上文a phone call would be more awkward可知，此处表示“听到某人的声音会使和朋友联系的体验更好”，暗含比较，应用比较级。故填better。 31.on　考查介词。on the other hand“另一方面”。故填on。 32.it　考查代词。make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth为固定结构，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式短语to understand the true meaning of a conversation。故填it。 33.that/which　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the words and punctuation，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，所以用that或which引导定语从句。故填that或which。 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $