专题07 定语从句(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

2026-01-22
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 定语从句
使用场景 高考复习-二轮专题
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 上海市
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.04 MB
发布时间 2026-01-22
更新时间 2026-01-22
作者 David中高考英语考试研究
品牌系列 上好课·二轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-01-22
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专题07 定语从句 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 定语从句用法 4 知识点1 定语从句关系代词的用法 4 知识点2 定语从句关系副词的用法 8 知识点3 非限制性定语从句的用法 10 知识点4 介词+关系代词的用法 12 考点二 定语从句在句子翻译中运用 15 语法命题透视 1. 语篇选材:贴近时代与生活,涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域; 2. 难度梯度:基础题占 60%,中档题 30%,难题 10%,区分度清晰; 3. 考查趋势:强调 “语境语法”,需结合语义与逻辑解题。 语法考点总结 1. 冠词 / 介词 / 代词 / 情态动词 / 连词:高频考查固定搭配、指代替换、逻辑连接词(让步 / 因果 / 时间); 2. 形容词 / 副词比较等级:比较级、最高级的语境运用; 3. 三大从句:定语从句(which/who/where/whose)、名词性从句(what/that)、状语从句逻辑; 4. 特殊句式:倒装、强调句、There be 句型的基础应用; 5. 时态语态:现在完成时、一般过去时、被动语态(一般现在 / 完成时被动); 6. 非谓语动词:现在分词(主动 / 伴随)、过去分词(被动 / 定语)、不定式(目的 / 后置定语)。 高考语法命题预测 1. 延续 “语境化” 考查,纯语法记忆题占比持续下降; 2. 核心考点稳定,非谓语动词、三大从句、时态语态仍是重点; 3. 语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野,难度与一模持平。 考点一 定语从句用法 (2026 年嘉定区一模第 7 题): A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, (7)____________ researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. 答案:where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:一项由本杰明・张主导的具体研究调查了这些文化差异,研究人员在该研究中比较了 295 名来自加拿大和日本的大学生。先行词为 “study”,在从句中作地点状语(in the study),故用 where 引导定语从句,填 where。 命题解读 新考法:本题考查限制性定语从句,先行词为 “study”,关系词在从句中作地点状语(in the study)。将抽象名词 “study” 视为 “动作发生的场所”,突破 “先行词为具体地点名词” 的常规认知, 新角度:结合跨文化睡眠研究的语境,考查学生对定语从句中关系副词用法的拓展理解。 (2026 年松江区一模第 4 题): Their favorite example is Plato, who complained that writing, 4 functions cover storing facts and arguments on paper, would weaken pupils’ ability to remember them. 答案:whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他们最喜欢举的例子是柏拉图,他抱怨说,书写这种活动(其功能包括将事实和论点记录在纸上)会削弱学生记忆这些内容的能力。定语从句先行词为writing,从句中functions前缺定语,表 “书写的功能”,故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 命题解读 新考法:本题考查非限制性定语从句,先行词为 “writing”,关系词在从句中作定语(writing’s functions)。聚焦 “whose 引导定语从句表所属关系” 的用法,且嵌套在宾语从句中,句子结构复杂。 新角度:结合哲学与教育的跨学科主题,考查学生在多层从句中定位先行词、判断关系词功能的能力。 知识点1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only,the very,the same,all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物,且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句前、中、后,as常译为“正如……,正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see,know,expect,say,mention,report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时,只能置于主句后,常译为“这一点,这件事”等,which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. ★易错提醒1:the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”;the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。(不是同一本词典) He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。(指同一个男孩) ★易错提醒2:so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句,that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(状语从句是完整的,前面的that只起引导作用,不作成分。) She is such a kind girl as many students like. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(定语从句缺少宾语,前面的as代替先行词girl,作宾语。) ★易错提醒3:as引导非限制性定语从句位于主句的前、中、后,强调前后逻辑一致,表示“正如……;从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。 Taiwan, as is known to all, belongs to China. 众所周知,台湾属于中国。(as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中) She has married again, as was expected. 不出所料,她又结婚了。(as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末) As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪,这是常见的情况。 (as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首) 知识点2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,activity,case,stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? ★易错提醒: 当 time 表示“次数”时,用 that 引导从句(可省略);当 time 表示“时间”时,用 when 引导从句。 This is the first time that I’ve heard this song. I’ll never forget the time when we worked together in the village. 2. where用作关系副词,在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。其先行词既可以是具体地点名词,如school, museum, centre;还可以是抽象名词,如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等(热点,须牢记)。 This is the hospital where my sister used to work. (the hospital是先行词,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语。) The shop where I bought this shirt is not far from here. 我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。(定语从句是主谓宾结构,不缺少宾语) There are many cases where this rule doesn’t apply. 在许多情况下,这条规则不适用。(先行词cases是抽象地点) 3. why用作关系副词,在定语从句作原因状语。why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词,则应用关系代词。 The reason why he is late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。(关系词在从句中作状语) The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。(关系词在从句中作宾语) 知识点3 非限制性定语从句 1.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去 掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍,她看起来很忙。) 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词,也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。) 3. 在非限制性定语从句中,还可把all, some,most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母,他们对他非常好。) 知识点4 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which或whom,且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 I'll never forget the day on which we moved to our house.(先行词the day指物,关系代词用which) This is the teacher to whom I’m grateful. (先行词the teacher指人,关系代词用whom) September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。 2.“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+of+which/whom”引导的定语从句,表示部分与整体关系。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people,most of whom were well­educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3.在非限制性定语从句中,whose修饰物时可以换为“the+名词+of which”;修饰人时,可以换为“the+名词+of whom”。 The newly­built café,the walls of which (=whose walls) are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。 考向1 单句语法填空 1.The artist calligraphy is famous will hold a workshop next week. (用适当的词填空) 2.Recently she co-directed a “campus Peking Opera” was attractive to students. (用适当的词填空) 3.Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4.I will always be grateful to my best friend, to I can turn for help at any time.  (用适当的词填空) 5.When we weren’t playing on the court was next to our building, we were watching a game on TV. (用适当的词填空) 6.The afternoon we spent planting trees in the park was very meaningful. (用适当的词填空) 7.I found an old photo   color had faded, but it still reminded me of my childhood.(用适当的词填空) 8.The school organized so meaningful an activity left a deep impression on all the students. (用适当的词填空) 9.Dali is such a cozy destination for backpackers has been nicknamed Dalifornia. (用适当的词填空) 10.Occasions are quite rare I have time to spend a day with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 11.The English play there were many kids at the New Year’s party was a great success. (用适当的词填空) 12.Mary is now in a situation she needs to decide which university to choose. (用适当的词填空) 13.Eventually, they accommodated my needs by moving me to a job I can work from home most days. (用适当的词填空) 14.On the third day, you can go to the Oriental Pearl Tower you can enjoy the view of Puxi from Pudong. (用适当的词填空) 15.The reason he was late for school was that he missed the bus. (用适当的词填空) 16.I would always like to do business with those people I can rely. (用适当的词填空) 17.It is important to choose good friends you can share your feelings and thoughts. (用适当的词填空) 18.I spoke to two parents, both moved their kids to home schooling after primary school. (用适当的词填空) 19.The total number of volunteers, give their time to help others, appears to be between fifty and sixty million. (用适当的词填空) 20.The Van Gogh exhibition was held in Shanghai, exhibits attracted many visitors. (用适当的词填空) 21.Since the late 1970s, daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. (用适当的词填空) 22.The scene in the Hollywood movie, global warming could turn the global climate into a new ice age, may never occur. (用适当的词填空) 考向2 语篇语法填空(节选) (2026年浦东新区一模) A particularly remarkable example is Scottish writer William Sharp, ____8____ came to see his pen name Fiona Macleod as a “demonstration of a different, female side of his nature.” (2026年金山区一模) The Center entered its“pet-friendly 2.0 stage”this year, attracting over 2,600 members ____7____ made 7,000 pet-related purchases. (2026年金山区一模) The Center entered its“pet-friendly 2.0 stage”this year, attracting over 2,600 members ____7____ made 7,000 pet-related purchases. (2026年奉贤区一模) He asked his third prince, Yinzhi, to establish a museum of mathematics ____7____ talented scholars would engage in research and observation of mathematical laws and the universe. (2026年长宁区一模) On 9 October, a painting entitled Motherhood, by Pablo Picasso, was targeted by a campaign group called Youth Demand, ____5____ members messed up the frame, spotted the wall and also poured red paint over the floor. (2026年普陀区一模) We arrived in Shanghai sleepy and excited at 5: 30 a.m. Despite the early start, the air was already hot and soupy, ____2____ my son used as an excuse to head straight for a convenience store and buy one of the many drinks he’d remembered from all those years before. (2026年青浦区一模) Much more likely is____2____ the bin is only the departure point on a long journey to the other side of the world, ____3____ that bottle will be washed, dried, sorted by material, and turned into packaging material. Consider that a victory. (2026年闵行区一模) Putting so much money toward professional photos might feel like a luxury. But family pictures have long been highly treasured objects, ____8____ value lies less in their material form than in the memories they preserve. (2026年虹口区一模) In the past,life was full of risks:diseases,hunger,and poverty.Folk stories reflected that world. In Hansel and Gretel,two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch (女巫),(2) _______ reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival. (2026年嘉定区一模) A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, (7) ______ researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. (2026年徐汇区一模) Ecologists could literally sniff out the health of an ecosystem, sensing soil conditions and plant vitality, ____8____ revolutionized restoration efforts. (2026年松江区一模) Their favorite example is Plato, who complained that writing, ____4____ functions cover storing facts and arguments on paper, would weaken pupils’ ability to remember them. Plato was wrong, but his mistake two thousand years ago does not mean that today’s worries are misguided. 考点二 定语从句在句子翻译中的运用 例 1 【2026・上海虹口・一模】 汉字并非简单的符号,而是图像的组合,能让读者联想到自然万物。(Instead of) _______________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查which 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “combinations of images”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“combinations of images”(图像的组合),指物;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,替代先行词,避免重复表述 “the combinations of images”;③ 从句功能:非限制性定语从句,补充说明 “图像组合” 的作用(让读者联想自然万物),用逗号与主句分隔,符合 “非限制性定语从句表补充说明” 的语法规则。 · 翻译技巧:中文习惯将定语前置,故将英文后置的定语从句 “which can remind...” 转译为 “能让读者联想到自然万物”,置于先行词 “图像的组合” 之后,用逗号衔接,既保留逻辑关系,又符合中文表达习惯。 · 易错点规避:避免误将 which 改为 that(非限制性定语从句中不可用 that),或漏用逗号导致句式混淆。 例 2 【2026・上海嘉定・一模】 这座主题乐园中的 24 口钟均未显示正确时间,让游客感到时间停滞,因而沉醉于游览体验中。(so that) _______________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查which 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰整个主句) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:整个主句 “None of the 24 clocks...displays correct time”(24 口钟未显示正确时间),表一件事;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,指代前文 “钟未显示正确时间” 这一情况;③ 从句逻辑:从句 “enables tourists to feel...” 是主句动作的结果,体现 “非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句表结果” 的用法。 · 翻译技巧:将 which 译为 “这(一情况)”,使中文逻辑更清晰(“这让游客感到时间停滞”),避免直译 “which” 导致的语义模糊,符合 “中文用代词衔接分句” 的习惯。 · 延伸考点:从句中嵌套 “that time is standing still” 宾语从句,定语从句与宾语从句嵌套使用,需注意层级逻辑。 例 3 【2026・上海黄浦・一模】 旅居海外多年,归来时才明白,原来我心心念念的地方一直在这里。(abroad) _______________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查省略关系词 that 的限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “the place”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“the place”(地方),指物;② 关系词:that,在从句中作宾语(“long for the place”),故可省略;③ 从句时态:主句用一般过去时(didn’t realize),从句 “long for” 动作发生在 “realize” 之前,用过去完成进行时(had been longing for),体现 “定语从句时态与主句时态的先后关系”。 · 翻译技巧:中文将定语前置,故将英文后置的省略式定语从句 “I had been longing for” 转译为 “我心心念念的”,置于先行词 “地方” 之前,符合 “中文定语前置” 的语法习惯,避免直译 “the place which I had been longing for” 的生硬表达。 · 易错点规避:避免漏用过去完成进行时(误写为 “long for”),或多余添加关系词(如 “the place that I had been longing for” 虽语法正确,但省略 that 更简洁)。 例 4 【2026・上海崇明・一模】 近年来,该地区牛奶消耗量稳步提升,足见民众的健康意识已然深入人心。(which) _______________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查which 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰整个主句) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:整个主句 “milk consumption...has been rising steadily”(牛奶消耗量稳步提升),表一件事;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,替代前文 “消耗量提升” 的情况;③ 从句嵌套:定语从句中嵌套 “that people’s health awareness...” 宾语从句,which 在主句中作主语,宾语从句作 “indicates” 的宾语,体现 “从句嵌套的语法层级”。 · 翻译技巧:将 which 译为 “这(一现象)”,使中文逻辑连贯(“这清楚地表明民众的健康意识已深入人心”),符合 “中文用指代性词语衔接结果” 的表达习惯。 · 时态适配:主句用现在完成进行时(表动作持续),定语从句用一般现在时(表客观事实),体现 “定语从句时态可独立于主句” 的规则。 例 5 【2026・上海杨浦・一模】 睡姿关乎心脑健康,因此选择一个你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的睡姿是明智之举。(where) _______________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查where 引导限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “a position”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“a position”(姿势,此处指代 “睡姿”),虽表 “姿势”,但逻辑上相当于 “a place”(一个让你舒适的 “状态 / 场景”),故用关系副词 where;② 关系词作用:where 在从句中作地点状语,相当于 “in which”(in the position),即 “you feel comfortable in the position”;③ 从句功能:限制性定语从句,限定 “position” 的范围(“你感觉舒适的姿势”),无逗号与主句分隔。 · 翻译技巧:将 where 引导的从句转译为 “你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的”,前置修饰 “姿势”,符合中文 “定语前置限定范围” 的习惯,避免直译 “a position in which you feel...” 的冗长表达。 · 易错点规避:避免误将 where 改为 which(which 在从句中需作主语 / 宾语,此处从句不缺主宾,缺状语,故用 where)。 例 6 【2026・上海浦东・一模】 每周三下午,各班轮流打理小花园,从松土到浇水,同学们在挥洒汗水中感受劳作的乐趣和协作的力量。(where) _______________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查where 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “the small garden”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“the small garden”(小花园),指地点;② 关系词:where,在从句中作地点状语,相当于 “in which”(in the small garden),即 “students sweat in the small garden”;③ 从句伴随:定语从句中嵌套现在分词 “experiencing...” 作伴随状语,体现 “定语从句与非谓语动词的结合”。 · 翻译技巧:将 where 译为 “在那里”,衔接主句与从句(“同学们在那里从松土到浇水,挥洒汗水”),符合中文 “用地点副词衔接地点状语从句” 的习惯,避免直译 “the small garden in which...” 的生硬表达。 · 逻辑衔接:非限制性定语从句补充说明 “小花园” 里发生的具体动作,用逗号分隔,使句子层次更清晰。 例 7 【2026・上海金山・一模】 如果这些数据站得住脚,它将帮助我们认清正在调查的问题。(light) _______________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查省略关系词 that 的限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “the problem”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“the problem”(问题),指物;② 关系词:that,在从句中作宾语(“investigate the problem”),故可省略;③ 从句时态:主句用一般将来时(will help),从句 “investigate” 是正在进行的动作,用现在进行时(are investigating),体现 “定语从句时态与主句时态的同步性”。 · 翻译技巧:将省略式定语从句 “we are investigating” 转译为 “正在调查的”,前置修饰 “问题”,符合中文 “定语前置表限定” 的习惯,使表达更简洁(避免 “the problem that we are investigating” 的冗余)。 · 固定搭配:从句与主句通过 “throw light on”(认清)衔接,定语从句限定 “问题” 的范围,体现 “定语从句对名词的精准限定” 作用。 例 8 【2026・上海普陀・一模】 这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助,这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。(Every time . . .) _______________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查which 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰整个主句) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:整个主句 “Every time the software engineer...turns to his team for help”(软件工程师遇问题向团队求助),表一件事;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,指代前文 “求助” 这一行为;③ 从句功能:非限制性定语从句,补充说明 “求助行为” 的意义(体现团队协作价值),用逗号分隔。 · 翻译技巧:将 which 译为 “这(一行为)”,使中文逻辑连贯(“这足以说明团队协作的核心价值”),符合 “中文用代词指代前文整句内容” 的表达习惯,避免直译 “which” 导致的语义断裂。 · 句式配合:主句用 “Every time” 引导时间状语从句,定语从句修饰主句整体,体现 “多从句嵌套的语法结构”。 例 9 【2026・上海青浦・一模】 我们必须始终铭记那些对当下社会仍产生强大影响力的重大历史事件,以史为鉴,才能为下一代创造更美好的未来。(learn) _______________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查which 引导限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “those major historical events”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“those major historical events”(那些重大历史事件),指物,且为复数;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,替代先行词(复数),故从句谓语用复数形式 “have”;③ 从句功能:限制性定语从句,限定 “历史事件” 的范围(“对当下社会有影响力的”),无逗号分隔,不可或缺。 · 翻译技巧:将英文后置的定语从句 “which still have...” 转译为 “对当下社会仍产生强大影响力的”,前置修饰 “重大历史事件”,符合中文 “定语前置限定名词范围” 的语法习惯,使句子更紧凑。 · 易错点规避:避免误将 which 改为 that(虽可互换,但先行词有 “those” 修饰时,用 which 更符合书面语习惯),或从句谓语用单数(误写为 “has”,需与先行词复数保持一致)。 例 10 【2025・上海松江・一模】 工会每个月推出惠民活动,大家只需网上预约,就可免费体验。(available) _______________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查which 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “benefit-the-people activities”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“benefit-the-people activities”(惠民活动),指物,且为复数;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,替代先行词(复数),故从句系动词用复数 “are”;③ 从句功能:非限制性定语从句,补充说明 “惠民活动” 的属性(可免费体验),用逗号分隔。 · 翻译技巧:将 which 译为 “这些活动”,使中文表达更具体(“这些活动大家只需网上预约就可免费体验”),符合中文 “用指代性名词衔接复数先行词” 的习惯,避免直译 “which” 导致的指代模糊。 · 固定搭配:从句中 “be available to”(可被…… 使用)是核心短语,定语从句通过该短语补充 “活动” 的可用性,体现 “非限制性定语从句补充名词属性” 的作用。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题07 定语从句 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 定语从句用法 4 知识点1 定语从句关系代词的用法 4 知识点2 定语从句关系副词的用法 8 知识点3 非限制性定语从句的用法 10 知识点4 介词+关系代词的用法 12 考点二 定语从句在句子翻译中运用 15 语法命题透视 1. 语篇选材:贴近时代与生活,涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域; 2. 难度梯度:基础题占 60%,中档题 30%,难题 10%,区分度清晰; 3. 考查趋势:强调 “语境语法”,需结合语义与逻辑解题。 语法考点总结 1. 冠词 / 介词 / 代词 / 情态动词 / 连词:高频考查固定搭配、指代替换、逻辑连接词(让步 / 因果 / 时间); 2. 形容词 / 副词比较等级:比较级、最高级的语境运用; 3. 三大从句:定语从句(which/who/where/whose)、名词性从句(what/that)、状语从句逻辑; 4. 特殊句式:倒装、强调句、There be 句型的基础应用; 5. 时态语态:现在完成时、一般过去时、被动语态(一般现在 / 完成时被动); 6. 非谓语动词:现在分词(主动 / 伴随)、过去分词(被动 / 定语)、不定式(目的 / 后置定语)。 高考语法命题预测 1. 延续 “语境化” 考查,纯语法记忆题占比持续下降; 2. 核心考点稳定,非谓语动词、三大从句、时态语态仍是重点; 3. 语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野,难度与一模持平。 考点一 定语从句用法 (2026 年嘉定区一模第 7 题): A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, (7)____________ researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. 答案:where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:一项由本杰明・张主导的具体研究调查了这些文化差异,研究人员在该研究中比较了 295 名来自加拿大和日本的大学生。先行词为 “study”,在从句中作地点状语(in the study),故用 where 引导定语从句,填 where。 命题解读 新考法:本题考查限制性定语从句,先行词为 “study”,关系词在从句中作地点状语(in the study)。将抽象名词 “study” 视为 “动作发生的场所”,突破 “先行词为具体地点名词” 的常规认知, 新角度:结合跨文化睡眠研究的语境,考查学生对定语从句中关系副词用法的拓展理解。 (2026 年松江区一模第 4 题): Their favorite example is Plato, who complained that writing, 4 functions cover storing facts and arguments on paper, would weaken pupils’ ability to remember them. 答案:whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他们最喜欢举的例子是柏拉图,他抱怨说,书写这种活动(其功能包括将事实和论点记录在纸上)会削弱学生记忆这些内容的能力。定语从句先行词为writing,从句中functions前缺定语,表 “书写的功能”,故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 命题解读 新考法:本题考查非限制性定语从句,先行词为 “writing”,关系词在从句中作定语(writing’s functions)。聚焦 “whose 引导定语从句表所属关系” 的用法,且嵌套在宾语从句中,句子结构复杂。 新角度:结合哲学与教育的跨学科主题,考查学生在多层从句中定位先行词、判断关系词功能的能力。 知识点1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only,the very,the same,all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物,且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句前、中、后,as常译为“正如……,正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see,know,expect,say,mention,report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时,只能置于主句后,常译为“这一点,这件事”等,which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. ★易错提醒1:the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”;the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。(不是同一本词典) He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。(指同一个男孩) ★易错提醒2:so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句,that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(状语从句是完整的,前面的that只起引导作用,不作成分。) She is such a kind girl as many students like. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(定语从句缺少宾语,前面的as代替先行词girl,作宾语。) ★易错提醒3:as引导非限制性定语从句位于主句的前、中、后,强调前后逻辑一致,表示“正如……;从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。 Taiwan, as is known to all, belongs to China. 众所周知,台湾属于中国。(as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中) She has married again, as was expected. 不出所料,她又结婚了。(as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末) As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪,这是常见的情况。 (as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首) 知识点2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,activity,case,stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? ★易错提醒: 当 time 表示“次数”时,用 that 引导从句(可省略);当 time 表示“时间”时,用 when 引导从句。 This is the first time that I’ve heard this song. I’ll never forget the time when we worked together in the village. 2. where用作关系副词,在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。其先行词既可以是具体地点名词,如school, museum, centre;还可以是抽象名词,如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等(热点,须牢记)。 This is the hospital where my sister used to work. (the hospital是先行词,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语。) The shop where I bought this shirt is not far from here. 我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。(定语从句是主谓宾结构,不缺少宾语) There are many cases where this rule doesn’t apply. 在许多情况下,这条规则不适用。(先行词cases是抽象地点) 3. why用作关系副词,在定语从句作原因状语。why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词,则应用关系代词。 The reason why he is late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。(关系词在从句中作状语) The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。(关系词在从句中作宾语) 知识点3 非限制性定语从句 1.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去 掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍,她看起来很忙。) 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词,也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。) 3. 在非限制性定语从句中,还可把all, some,most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母,他们对他非常好。) 知识点4 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which或whom,且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 I'll never forget the day on which we moved to our house.(先行词the day指物,关系代词用which) This is the teacher to whom I’m grateful. (先行词the teacher指人,关系代词用whom) September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。 2.“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+of+which/whom”引导的定语从句,表示部分与整体关系。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people,most of whom were well­educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3.在非限制性定语从句中,whose修饰物时可以换为“the+名词+of which”;修饰人时,可以换为“the+名词+of whom”。 The newly­built café,the walls of which (=whose walls) are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。 考向1 单句语法填空 1.The artist calligraphy is famous will hold a workshop next week. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意:那位以书法闻名的艺术家下周将举办一场讲习班。此处引导修饰先行词The artist的定语从句,表达“以……闻名”含义,作定语,用whose calligraphy表示“那位艺术家的书法”,故填whose。 2.Recently she co-directed a “campus Peking Opera” was attractive to students. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:最近她参与执导了一部“校园京剧”作品,这部作品深受学生们的喜爱。此处引导限定性定语从句,先行词是campus Peking Opera,关系词在从句作主语,指物,应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 3.Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:营造一种让员工感觉自己是团队一员的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。本空引导定语从句,先行词是an atmosphere,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导。故填where。 4.I will always be grateful to my best friend, to I can turn for help at any time.  (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我会永远感激我最好的朋友,我随时都可以向他求助。此处为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 friend,先行词指人,在介词 to 后作宾语,只能用关系代词 whom 引导从句。故填 whom。 5.When we weren’t playing on the court was next to our building, we were watching a game on TV. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:当我们不在紧挨着我们楼的那个球场上打球时,我们就在看电视上的比赛。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词the court,指物,关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作主语,此从句需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 6.The afternoon we spent planting trees in the park was very meaningful. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意:我们在公园植树度过的那个下午非常有意义。先行词是 The afternoon,在定语从句we spent planting trees in the park中,spent是及物动词,此从句缺少宾语,所以应用关系代词which或that,故填which/that。 7.I found an old photo   color had faded, but it still reminded me of my childhood.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我找到了一张旧照片,它的颜色已经褪去,但它仍然让我想起了我的童年。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词an old photo,引导词在从句中作定语,修饰color,表示“照片的颜色”。故填whose。 8.The school organized so meaningful an activity left a deep impression on all the students. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这所学校组织了一场意义非凡的活动,给所有学生都留下了深刻的印象。空处引导限制性定语从句, 先行词activity被so meaningful修饰,且从句缺少主语,应用关系代词as引导。故填as。 9.Dali is such a cozy destination for backpackers has been nicknamed Dalifornia. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:大理是背包客的温馨之地,被戏称为“大理弗尼亚”。空格处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a cozy destination,关系词在从句中作主语,且先行词前有such修饰,所以用关系代词as引导定语从句。故填as。 10.Occasions are quite rare I have time to spend a day with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我很少有时间陪孩子们玩一整天。本空引导定语从句,修饰先行词Occasions,关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 11.The English play there were many kids at the New Year’s party was a great success. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:新年派对上那场有很多孩子的英语剧非常成功。此处为关系词引导的定语从句,先行词为the English play,定语从句中缺少地点状语,使用关系副词where引导。故填where。 12.Mary is now in a situation she needs to decide which university to choose. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:玛丽现在的处境是她需要决定选择哪所大学。空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词a situation,先行词是抽象的地点,在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 13.Eventually, they accommodated my needs by moving me to a job I can work from home most days. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:最终,他们通过把我调到一份多数日子可以在家工作的岗位来满足我的需求。先行词a job在从句I can work from home most days中充当地点状语,即“在这份工作中我多数日子可以在家工作”,所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 14.On the third day, you can go to the Oriental Pearl Tower you can enjoy the view of Puxi from Pudong. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:第三天,您可以前往东方明珠塔。在那里,您可以从浦东眺望浦西的景色。此处介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词the Oriental Pearl Tower,在从句作地点状语,“在东方明珠塔”为inthe Oriental Pearl Tower。故用in which。故填in which。 15.The reason he was late for school was that he missed the bus. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他上学迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词reason,表示“上学迟到的原因”,空处在从句中作原因状语;表示“因为……原因,出于……原因”用介词for,此定语从句用for which引导,构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词which指代先行词reason,作介词for宾语,故填for which。 16.I would always like to do business with those people I can rely. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 on whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我总是喜欢和那些我可以依赖的人做生意。分析句子的结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为those people,且为“介词+关系代词”的结构,固定搭配rely on依靠,依赖。故答案为on whom。 17.It is important to choose good friends you can share your feelings and thoughts. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 with whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:选择可以分享你的感受和想法的好朋友是很重要的。分析句子可知,空处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句,先行词是friends,指人,share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物,固定短语,故介词用with,关系词在从句中作介词with的宾语,且指人,用关系代词whom。故填①with②whom。 18.I spoke to two parents, both moved their kids to home schooling after primary school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 of whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我和两位家长谈过,他们俩都在孩子小学毕业后把孩子转到了家里接受教育。逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词是two parents,指人,表示“两者都”,both of,关系词代替先行词在定语从句作of的宾语,用whom。故填of whom。 19.The total number of volunteers, give their time to help others, appears to be between fifty and sixty million. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:贡献时间帮助他人的志愿者的总数似乎在五六千万之间。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词volunteers,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用who引导非限制性定语从句,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故填who。 20.The Van Gogh exhibition was held in Shanghai, exhibits attracted many visitors. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:梵高画展在上海举行,其展品吸引了许多参观者。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是“The Van Gogh exhibition”,指物,且关系词在从句中作定语,修饰名词“exhibits”,因此关系词应用“whose”,表示“……的”。故填whose。 21.Since the late 1970s, daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:自20世纪70年代晚期以来,年轻人的抽烟率已经下降了,那时每天吸烟的高中生达到了30%。分析可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the late 1970s,关系词代替它在从句中充当时间状语,应用关系副词when。故填when。 【点睛】 22.The scene in the Hollywood movie, global warming could turn the global climate into a new ice age, may never occur. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:好莱坞电影中全球变暖可能使全球气候进入新冰河期的场景可能永远不会发生。分析句子结构可知,此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词the scene为抽象地点名词,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where。故填where。 考向2 语篇语法填空(节选) (2026年浦东新区一模) A particularly remarkable example is Scottish writer William Sharp, ____8____ came to see his pen name Fiona Macleod as a “demonstration of a different, female side of his nature.” 【答案】 8. who 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意:一个尤为显著的例子是苏格兰作家威廉・夏普,他将自己的笔名菲奥娜・麦克劳德视为“自己天性中不同的女性一面的展现”。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是William Sharp,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who来引导。故填who。 (2026年金山区一模) The Center entered its“pet-friendly 2.0 stage”this year, attracting over 2,600 members ____7____ made 7,000 pet-related purchases. 【答案】 7. who##that 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意:该中心今年进入“宠物友好2.0阶段”,吸引了2600多名会员,这些会员完成了7000笔宠物相关消费。此处引导定语从句,先行词为over 2,600 members,指人,在从句中作主语,用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 (2026年金山区一模) The Center entered its“pet-friendly 2.0 stage”this year, attracting over 2,600 members ____7____ made 7,000 pet-related purchases. 【答案】 7. who##that 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意:该中心今年进入“宠物友好2.0阶段”,吸引了2600多名会员,这些会员完成了7000笔宠物相关消费。此处引导定语从句,先行词为over 2,600 members,指人,在从句中作主语,用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 (2026年奉贤区一模) He asked his third prince, Yinzhi, to establish a museum of mathematics ____7____ talented scholars would engage in research and observation of mathematical laws and the universe. 【答案】7. where 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意:他命三子胤祉建立一座算学馆,让才华出众的学者们可以在馆内研究和观测数学规律与宇宙。此处为关系词引导的定语从句,先行词为a museum of mathematics,表地点,在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where。故填where。 (2026年长宁区一模) On 9 October, a painting entitled Motherhood, by Pablo Picasso, was targeted by a campaign group called Youth Demand, ____5____ members messed up the frame, spotted the wall and also poured red paint over the floor. 【答案】 5. whose 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意:10月9日,Pablo Picasso的一幅名为《Motherhood》的画作遭到一个名为“Youth Demand”的竞选团体的攻击,该团体的成员弄乱了画框,在墙上泼了污点,还在地板上泼了红漆。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是campaign group,关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语,修饰名词members,故用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 (2026年普陀区一模) We arrived in Shanghai sleepy and excited at 5: 30 a.m. Despite the early start, the air was already hot and soupy, ____2____ my son used as an excuse to head straight for a convenience store and buy one of the many drinks he’d remembered from all those years before. 【答案】 2. which 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意:尽管出发得很早,空气已经又热又闷,我儿子以此为借口径直走向一家便利店,买了他多年前记得的众多饮品中的一款。此处引导非限制性定语从句,指代上文“the air was already hot and soupy”,且关系词在从句中作used的宾语,应用关系代词which。故填which。 (2026年青浦区一模) Much more likely is____2____ the bin is only the departure point on a long journey to the other side of the world, ____3____ that bottle will be washed, dried, sorted by material, and turned into packaging material. Consider that a victory. 【答案】 3. where 【3题详解】 考查定语从句引导词。句意:更有可能的是,这个垃圾桶只是通往世界另一端漫长旅程的起点,在那里,瓶子将被清洗、干燥、按材料分类,然后变成包装材料。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the other side of the world,在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 (2026年闵行区一模) Putting so much money toward professional photos might feel like a luxury. But family pictures have long been highly treasured objects, ____8____ value lies less in their material form than in the memories they preserve. 【答案】 8. whose 【8题详解】 考查关系代词。句意:但家庭照片一直是非常珍贵的物品,其价值不在于物质形式,而在于它们保存的记忆。先行词objects和value是所属关系,此处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语,应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 (2026年虹口区一模) In the past,life was full of risks:diseases,hunger,and poverty.Folk stories reflected that world. In Hansel and Gretel,two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch (女巫),(2) _______ reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival. 【答案】2. which 【2 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意:在《汉塞尔与格蕾特》中,两个孩子被遗弃,险些被女巫抓住,这提醒我们生存需要聪明才智和勇气。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个句子,关系词在从句中作主语,故用 which 引导,填 which。 (2026年嘉定区一模) A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, (7) ______ researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. 【答案】 (7) where 【7 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意:一项由本杰明・张主导的具体研究调查了这些文化差异,研究人员在该研究中比较了 295 名来自加拿大和日本的大学生。先行词为 “study”,在从句中作地点状语(in the study),故用 where 引导定语从句,填 where。 (2026年徐汇区一模) Ecologists could literally sniff out the health of an ecosystem, sensing soil conditions and plant vitality, ____8____ revolutionized restoration efforts. 【答案】8. which 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意:生态学家简直能嗅出生态系统的健康状况,感知土壤条件和植物活力,这彻底改变了生态修复工作。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为“Ecologists could literally sniff out the health of an ecosystem, sensing soil conditions and plant vitality”这件事,故应用which引导,故填which。 (2026年松江区一模) Their favorite example is Plato, who complained that writing, ____4____ functions cover storing facts and arguments on paper, would weaken pupils’ ability to remember them. Plato was wrong, but his mistake two thousand years ago does not mean that today’s worries are misguided. 【答案】 4. whose 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意:他们最喜欢举的例子是柏拉图,他抱怨说,书写这种活动(其功能包括将事实和论点记录在纸上)会削弱学生记忆这些内容的能力。定语从句先行词为writing,从句中functions前缺定语,表 “书写的功能”,故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 考点二 定语从句在句子翻译中的运用 例 1 【2026・上海虹口・一模】 汉字并非简单的符号,而是图像的组合,能让读者联想到自然万物。(Instead of) _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Instead of being simple symbols, Chinese characters are combinations of images, which can remind readers of all things in nature. 【解析】考查which 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “combinations of images”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“combinations of images”(图像的组合),指物;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,替代先行词,避免重复表述 “the combinations of images”;③ 从句功能:非限制性定语从句,补充说明 “图像组合” 的作用(让读者联想自然万物),用逗号与主句分隔,符合 “非限制性定语从句表补充说明” 的语法规则。 · 翻译技巧:中文习惯将定语前置,故将英文后置的定语从句 “which can remind...” 转译为 “能让读者联想到自然万物”,置于先行词 “图像的组合” 之后,用逗号衔接,既保留逻辑关系,又符合中文表达习惯。 · 易错点规避:避免误将 which 改为 that(非限制性定语从句中不可用 that),或漏用逗号导致句式混淆。 例 2 【2026・上海嘉定・一模】 这座主题乐园中的 24 口钟均未显示正确时间,让游客感到时间停滞,因而沉醉于游览体验中。(so that) _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】None of the 24 clocks in the theme park displays correct time, which enables tourists to feel that time is standing still so that they fully absorb themselves in the experience. 【解析】考查which 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰整个主句) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:整个主句 “None of the 24 clocks...displays correct time”(24 口钟未显示正确时间),表一件事;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,指代前文 “钟未显示正确时间” 这一情况;③ 从句逻辑:从句 “enables tourists to feel...” 是主句动作的结果,体现 “非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句表结果” 的用法。 · 翻译技巧:将 which 译为 “这(一情况)”,使中文逻辑更清晰(“这让游客感到时间停滞”),避免直译 “which” 导致的语义模糊,符合 “中文用代词衔接分句” 的习惯。 · 延伸考点:从句中嵌套 “that time is standing still” 宾语从句,定语从句与宾语从句嵌套使用,需注意层级逻辑。 例 3 【2026・上海黄浦・一模】 旅居海外多年,归来时才明白,原来我心心念念的地方一直在这里。(abroad) _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Having lived abroad for many years, I didn’t realize until I returned that the place I had been longing for was right here all along. 【解析】考查省略关系词 that 的限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “the place”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“the place”(地方),指物;② 关系词:that,在从句中作宾语(“long for the place”),故可省略;③ 从句时态:主句用一般过去时(didn’t realize),从句 “long for” 动作发生在 “realize” 之前,用过去完成进行时(had been longing for),体现 “定语从句时态与主句时态的先后关系”。 · 翻译技巧:中文将定语前置,故将英文后置的省略式定语从句 “I had been longing for” 转译为 “我心心念念的”,置于先行词 “地方” 之前,符合 “中文定语前置” 的语法习惯,避免直译 “the place which I had been longing for” 的生硬表达。 · 易错点规避:避免漏用过去完成进行时(误写为 “long for”),或多余添加关系词(如 “the place that I had been longing for” 虽语法正确,但省略 that 更简洁)。 例 4 【2026・上海崇明・一模】 近年来,该地区牛奶消耗量稳步提升,足见民众的健康意识已然深入人心。(which) _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】In recent years, milk consumption in this region has been rising steadily, which clearly indicates that people’s health awareness has been deeply rooted. 【解析】考查which 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰整个主句) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:整个主句 “milk consumption...has been rising steadily”(牛奶消耗量稳步提升),表一件事;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,替代前文 “消耗量提升” 的情况;③ 从句嵌套:定语从句中嵌套 “that people’s health awareness...” 宾语从句,which 在主句中作主语,宾语从句作 “indicates” 的宾语,体现 “从句嵌套的语法层级”。 · 翻译技巧:将 which 译为 “这(一现象)”,使中文逻辑连贯(“这清楚地表明民众的健康意识已深入人心”),符合 “中文用指代性词语衔接结果” 的表达习惯。 · 时态适配:主句用现在完成进行时(表动作持续),定语从句用一般现在时(表客观事实),体现 “定语从句时态可独立于主句” 的规则。 例 5 【2026・上海杨浦・一模】 睡姿关乎心脑健康,因此选择一个你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的睡姿是明智之举。(where) _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Sleeping posture matters to heart and brain health, so it is wise to choose a position where you feel most comfortable and wake up the least often at night. 【解析】考查where 引导限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “a position”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“a position”(姿势,此处指代 “睡姿”),虽表 “姿势”,但逻辑上相当于 “a place”(一个让你舒适的 “状态 / 场景”),故用关系副词 where;② 关系词作用:where 在从句中作地点状语,相当于 “in which”(in the position),即 “you feel comfortable in the position”;③ 从句功能:限制性定语从句,限定 “position” 的范围(“你感觉舒适的姿势”),无逗号与主句分隔。 · 翻译技巧:将 where 引导的从句转译为 “你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的”,前置修饰 “姿势”,符合中文 “定语前置限定范围” 的习惯,避免直译 “a position in which you feel...” 的冗长表达。 · 易错点规避:避免误将 where 改为 which(which 在从句中需作主语 / 宾语,此处从句不缺主宾,缺状语,故用 where)。 例 6 【2026・上海浦东・一模】 每周三下午,各班轮流打理小花园,从松土到浇水,同学们在挥洒汗水中感受劳作的乐趣和协作的力量。(where) _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Every Wednesday afternoon, each class takes turns tending the small garden, where students sweat from loosening the soil to watering plants, experiencing the joy of labor and the power of cooperation. 【解析】考查where 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “the small garden”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“the small garden”(小花园),指地点;② 关系词:where,在从句中作地点状语,相当于 “in which”(in the small garden),即 “students sweat in the small garden”;③ 从句伴随:定语从句中嵌套现在分词 “experiencing...” 作伴随状语,体现 “定语从句与非谓语动词的结合”。 · 翻译技巧:将 where 译为 “在那里”,衔接主句与从句(“同学们在那里从松土到浇水,挥洒汗水”),符合中文 “用地点副词衔接地点状语从句” 的习惯,避免直译 “the small garden in which...” 的生硬表达。 · 逻辑衔接:非限制性定语从句补充说明 “小花园” 里发生的具体动作,用逗号分隔,使句子层次更清晰。 例 7 【2026・上海金山・一模】 如果这些数据站得住脚,它将帮助我们认清正在调查的问题。(light) _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】If these data hold up, it will help us throw light on the problem we are investigating. 【解析】考查省略关系词 that 的限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “the problem”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“the problem”(问题),指物;② 关系词:that,在从句中作宾语(“investigate the problem”),故可省略;③ 从句时态:主句用一般将来时(will help),从句 “investigate” 是正在进行的动作,用现在进行时(are investigating),体现 “定语从句时态与主句时态的同步性”。 · 翻译技巧:将省略式定语从句 “we are investigating” 转译为 “正在调查的”,前置修饰 “问题”,符合中文 “定语前置表限定” 的习惯,使表达更简洁(避免 “the problem that we are investigating” 的冗余)。 · 固定搭配:从句与主句通过 “throw light on”(认清)衔接,定语从句限定 “问题” 的范围,体现 “定语从句对名词的精准限定” 作用。 例 8 【2026・上海普陀・一模】 这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助,这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。(Every time . . .) _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Every time the software engineer encounters a problem, he turns to his team for help, which sufficiently demonstrates the core value of teamwork. 【解析】考查which 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰整个主句) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:整个主句 “Every time the software engineer...turns to his team for help”(软件工程师遇问题向团队求助),表一件事;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,指代前文 “求助” 这一行为;③ 从句功能:非限制性定语从句,补充说明 “求助行为” 的意义(体现团队协作价值),用逗号分隔。 · 翻译技巧:将 which 译为 “这(一行为)”,使中文逻辑连贯(“这足以说明团队协作的核心价值”),符合 “中文用代词指代前文整句内容” 的表达习惯,避免直译 “which” 导致的语义断裂。 · 句式配合:主句用 “Every time” 引导时间状语从句,定语从句修饰主句整体,体现 “多从句嵌套的语法结构”。 例 9 【2026・上海青浦・一模】 我们必须始终铭记那些对当下社会仍产生强大影响力的重大历史事件,以史为鉴,才能为下一代创造更美好的未来。(learn) _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】We must always remember those major historical events which still have a strong influence on the present society to learn from history so that we can create a better future for the next generation. 【解析】考查which 引导限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “those major historical events”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“those major historical events”(那些重大历史事件),指物,且为复数;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,替代先行词(复数),故从句谓语用复数形式 “have”;③ 从句功能:限制性定语从句,限定 “历史事件” 的范围(“对当下社会有影响力的”),无逗号分隔,不可或缺。 · 翻译技巧:将英文后置的定语从句 “which still have...” 转译为 “对当下社会仍产生强大影响力的”,前置修饰 “重大历史事件”,符合中文 “定语前置限定名词范围” 的语法习惯,使句子更紧凑。 · 易错点规避:避免误将 which 改为 that(虽可互换,但先行词有 “those” 修饰时,用 which 更符合书面语习惯),或从句谓语用单数(误写为 “has”,需与先行词复数保持一致)。 例 10 【2025・上海松江・一模】 工会每个月推出惠民活动,大家只需网上预约,就可免费体验。(available) _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】The labor union launches benefit-the-people activities every month, which are available to everyone for free just with an online reservation. 【解析】考查which 引导非限制性定语从句(修饰先行词 “benefit-the-people activities”) 。 · 核心考点:① 先行词:“benefit-the-people activities”(惠民活动),指物,且为复数;② 关系词:which,在从句中作主语,替代先行词(复数),故从句系动词用复数 “are”;③ 从句功能:非限制性定语从句,补充说明 “惠民活动” 的属性(可免费体验),用逗号分隔。 · 翻译技巧:将 which 译为 “这些活动”,使中文表达更具体(“这些活动大家只需网上预约就可免费体验”),符合中文 “用指代性名词衔接复数先行词” 的习惯,避免直译 “which” 导致的指代模糊。 · 固定搭配:从句中 “be available to”(可被…… 使用)是核心短语,定语从句通过该短语补充 “活动” 的可用性,体现 “非限制性定语从句补充名词属性” 的作用。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题07  定语从句(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测
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专题07  定语从句(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测
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专题07  定语从句(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测
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