专题05 时态语态及主谓一致(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

2026-01-21
| 2份
| 41页
| 1255人阅读
| 22人下载
精品

资源信息

学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 时态,被动语态,主谓一致
使用场景 高考复习-二轮专题
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 上海市
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.19 MB
发布时间 2026-01-21
更新时间 2026-01-27
作者 David中高考英语考试研究
品牌系列 上好课·二轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-01-21
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/56068532.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考时态语态及主谓一致核心考点,涵盖四类一般时、进行时、完成时等时态用法,被动语态构成及主谓一致规则,按“基本用法-特殊结构-语境应用”逻辑架构知识网络。通过考情精解、知能架构、考点攻坚、分层练习四环节,帮助学生系统突破语法难点。 资料突出“语境化语法”教学特色,结合2026年模考题分析“so far”等标志词对时态的触发作用,融入社会热点话题培养语言能力与思维品质。设计“时态标志词定位法”等策略,通过单句与语篇填空、翻译应用训练,助力教师精准把控复习节奏,提升学生综合运用能力。

内容正文:

专题05 时态语态及主谓一致 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 动词时态语态 4 考点二 时态语态在句子翻译中运用 8 语法命题透视 1. 语篇选材:贴近时代与生活,涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域; 2. 难度梯度:基础题占 60%,中档题 30%,难题 10%,区分度清晰; 3. 考查趋势:强调 “语境语法”,需结合语义与逻辑解题。 语法考点总结 1. 冠词 / 介词 / 代词 / 情态动词 / 连词:高频考查固定搭配、指代替换、逻辑连接词(让步 / 因果 / 时间); 2. 形容词 / 副词比较等级:比较级、最高级的语境运用; 3. 三大从句:定语从句(which/who/where/whose)、名词性从句(what/that)、状语从句逻辑; 4. 特殊句式:倒装、强调句、There be 句型的基础应用; 5. 时态语态:现在完成时、一般过去时、被动语态(一般现在 / 完成时被动); 6. 非谓语动词:现在分词(主动 / 伴随)、过去分词(被动 / 定语)、不定式(目的 / 后置定语)。 高考语法命题预测 1. 延续 “语境化” 考查,纯语法记忆题占比持续下降; 2. 核心考点稳定,非谓语动词、三大从句、时态语态仍是重点; 3. 语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野,难度与一模持平。 考点一 动词时态语态 (2026 年静安区一模第 6 题)More dangerous meetings with the wild animals (6) ______ (report) across the state so far. 命题解读 新考法:本题综合考查 “现在完成时 + 被动语态 + 主谓一致”,核心触发点是时间标志词 “so far”(到目前为止)。 新角度:主语 “More dangerous meetings” 为复数,与 “report” 构成被动关系,需同时满足时态、语态和主谓一致的三重要求,且语境聚焦野生动物与人类互动的社会现象,将语法规则与话题的客观性陈述结合,考查学生在真实语篇中综合运用语法的能力,而非单一维度的时态或语态判断。 (2026 年金山区一模第 8 题)Gogogym, China’s first dog fitness center opened in Shanghai, (8) ______ (book) fully on weekends since its July launch. 命题解读 新考法:本题以 “现在完成时被动语态” 为核心,结合主谓一致和语境逻辑考查。 新角度:主语 “Gogogym” 为单数专有名词,“since its July launch”(自 7 月开业以来)明确时态要求,“book fully”(预约爆满)体现被动关系,同时话题围绕宠物经济的新兴业态,将语法考查融入社会热点场景。此外,题干中插入语 “China’s first dog fitness center opened in Shanghai” 增加了句子结构复杂度,考查学生剥离干扰信息、精准判断语法成分的能力,符合语篇化考查的新趋势。 知识点1 动词时态的基本用法 要点一、四类一般时用法 要点二、四类进行时用法 要点三、三类完成时用法 动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例) 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般时 do / does did shall/will do should/would do 进行时 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing 完成时 have/has did had did shall/will have did should/would have did 完成进行时 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing 要点一、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时 一、一般现在时 1.一般现在时的构成 主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am,第三人称单数形式用is,其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是: (1)一般情况直接加­s, (2)结尾为­s,­x,­sh,­ch或­o,在词尾加­es discuss—discusses wash—washes teach—teaches fix—fixes go—goes (3)结尾为“辅音字母+y”变y为i再加­es carry—carries study—studies 2.一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,every day/night等连用。 He often goes to work by bus,and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班,而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 看看时间表。快点儿吧!4026航班18:20起飞。 (3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。 If it is fine tomorrow,we will go there.要是明天晴天,我们就去那里。 二、一般过去时 1.一般过去时的构成 一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是:规则动词的过去式变化详见附录 (1)一般情况在动词后加­ed (2)以­e结尾的动词后加­d hope—hoped like—liked (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i再加­ed study—studied try—tried (4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed stop—stopped prefer—preferred admit—admitted permit—permitted 2.一般过去时的用法 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系,常与yesterday,the other day,last week,the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 三、一般将来时 1.一般将来时的构成 由“shall/will+动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称,will用于一切人称。 2.一般将来时的用法 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow,next year,in+一段时间等连用。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 —What time is it? 几点了? —I have no idea. But just a minute,I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等,我给你查查。 3.其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look,dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon,I think.瞧,乌云正在聚集,我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所,在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 四、过去将来时 1.过去将来时的构成 should/would+动词原形 was/were going to+动词原形 was/were about to+动词原形 was/were to+动词原形 某些动词的过去进行时形式 2.过去将来时的用法 从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock.他说他将在8点到这里。 I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。 I thought it was going to rain.我当时觉得要下雨。 过去本打算做而未做的事情。 I was going to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 我本打算要参加聚会,但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。 要点二、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时 一、现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 —I hear you are working in a pub. What's it like? ——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样? —Well,it's very hard work and I'm always tired,but I don't mind. ——哦,工作很辛苦,我也总是很累,不过我不介意。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear,run out等动词。 Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left. 洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。 二、过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time,at that moment,at this time yesterday,at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。 He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼,轻轻地说:“你为什么那样盯着我看?” (2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时,杰克正在实验室里工作。 三、将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,如:at this time tomorrow,by then,from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等。其构成为:will/shall bee+现在分词 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了,因为她那个时间在授课。 四、现在完成进行时 一、现在完成进行时的构成 对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为:have/has been+现在分词。 二、现在完成进行时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常见的时间状语:all this morning,this month,these few days,since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for? ——打扰了,你们在等着看哪部电影呢? —The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》,我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行,而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 要点三、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时 一、现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束,而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,in the last(past) few days/years,up to now,till now,so far等。 He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。 In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里,全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。 (2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语:since+时间点; for+时间段等。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? ——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗? —Sorry,I haven't played the piano for years.——抱歉,我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 (3)在条件和时间状语从句中,用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下,好吗? 二、过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时,我偶然遇见了戴维,我们已经有好几年没见了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态,常用的时间状语:before,by then,by that time,by the end of,by the time+从句等。 By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时,他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止,他对此仍一无所知。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你,但是来了一位不速之客。 3.常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time+that sb.has/have done; This/It /That was the first /...time+that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the+最高级+名词+(that)定语从句,从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been+一段时间+since sb.did; It was/ had been+一段时间+since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 三、将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间”或 “by+将来时间”连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为:will /shall +have + 过去分词。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时,孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock,I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时,我将会写完文章了。 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。 备注1: 其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look,dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon,I think. 瞧,乌云正在聚集,我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 无论是在家里还是在工作场所,在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 备注2: 常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time+that sb.has/have done; This/It /That was the first /...time+that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the+最高级+名词+(that)定语从句,从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been+一段时间+since sb.did; It was/ had been+一段时间+since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 知识点2 被动语态 要点一、被动语态的构成 要点二、get +done构成被动的用法 要点三、主动表示被动意义 要点1 被动语态的构成 一、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有:get/become+过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下:   形式 时间   一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done 被动语态的使用场合:(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时;(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道,一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡,所有的麦子被收割后,总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁,每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有:have有;cost花费;lack缺少;own拥有;belong to属于;take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有:happen/take place/occur发生;remain剩下;break out爆发;last持续;come out出版;come up被提出;lose heart失去信心;date from/back to追溯到;run out用完。 要点2 get +done构成被动的用法 get构成的表示被动语态的短语:get paid/lost/hur等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted,Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间,亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 1.“系动词feel,sound,taste,look,smell,appear,seem,turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软,卖得很好。 2.当sell,read,cut,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗?我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 要点3 主动表示被动意义 1.在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面,动名词主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 2.be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责? The house is to let. 此房出租。 题型1 单句语法填空 1.He (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 2.He (write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3.Tu Youyou proved that great honor (come) with hardships while opportunities favour the prepared mind. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4.For these couples of years, our school lift (witness) the lazy and brittle (脆的) students in long queues eagerly waiting, without the strong will to climb the stairs by themselves. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5.The shy boy (plan) to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6.I wasn’t sure whether the postman (deliver) me the package on time.(所给词的适当形式填空) 7.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53%) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46%) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime we eating together, 74%, according to statistics from the report. (用适当的词填空) 8.For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9.What I have learnt from this movie is that there will be some people whom I may only meet once in my life, but once we meet, I (spend) the rest of my life remembering them before the memory of love disappears.(所给词的适当形式填空) 10.Their strange but delightful interaction (prove) to be a pleasure to watch and I just cannot get enough of it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11.Since these technologies can improve efficiency by more than 50%, they (apply) to the industrial process in a comprehensive manner in the past few years. 12.She (distract) from her studies ever since she joined the movie club. 13.He lost the chance for promotion since he (investigate) by the police for fraud at that time. 14.The site (develop) by a French company at present. 15.There was a lot of noise outside because repair work (do) to the house at that time. 16.The church tower which (restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17.He was not sure whether his thesis paper (approve) by the professor tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18.The children (warn) of the harm of the computer games, but still many of them got addicted to (沉迷于) them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19.People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20.When Tom entered the room, he found some students were looking at him and smiling weirdly. He was sure that he (laugh at ). (所给词的适当形式填空) 题型2 语篇语法填空(节选) (2026年虹口区一模) When people think of fairy tales,they usually imagine pretty princesses,brave princes and happy endings.Yet if we look back to the earliest versions of these stories,we discover that fairy tales(1)_________( never mean) to be only sweet or child-friendly.In fact,they were originally serious and full of challenges.The fear and danger in these tales were not accidental—they carried moral, social,and even psychological meaning. In Little Red Riding Hood,the wolf's attack teaches young listeners not to trust strangers.Behind every tense scene,there(3) __________ (stand) a warning about real human behavior. (2026年嘉定区一模) Japanese students averaged about 6 hours of sleep per night, significantly less than 7 hours among Canadian students. Interestingly, fewer physical health symptoms (9) ______ (report) among the Japanese students. (2026年徐汇区一模) The procedure itself was intensely complex. It involved temporarily removing the nose, scraping its internal tissue, and refilling it with a transplant of the patient’s own programmed stem cells. These cells ____2____ (design) to differentiate into vast numbers of new olfactory cells. ......... Patients were gradually exposed to richer olfactory stimuli, and their brains, aided by drugs that increased neural plasticity, ____6____(learn) to rewire themselves to interpret this flood of new sensory data. (2026年松江区一模) So, any school that has not restricted smartphones ____10____ (advise) to ban them during classes. In the long run, students may express gratitude for the ban. (2026年黄浦区一模) Megha Malhotra has been feeding homeless dogs for almost two years. Every evening, she places food at a feeding spot near her building’s exit gate. But in recent weeks, she ___1___ (sense) growing unease among residents every time she puts out the food. ......... Homeless dogs are a familiar presence across Indian cities,particularly in Delhi.which ____6____ (estimate) to have close to one million — though there has been no official count carried out in the last decade. (2026年宝山区一模) Realistically speaking, Spartan training was incredibly tough and cruel. But some Spartan principles, such as discipline, emotional control, honor and courage, are still important today. They ____3____ (include) into the exercise field in Spartan Races. These fitness competitions are a very exhausting type of obstacle-course race (OCR) and are popular these days. In fact, Spartan Races have been called the world’s premier obstacle-course race. .......... Beginners often start with the Spartan Sprint: a roughly 5-kilometer run with around 20 obstacles. Another popular level is the Spartan Beast, which ____6____ (feature) a run of about 20 kilometers with around 35 obstacles. These obstacles include wall climbing, rope climbing, spear throwing, bucket carrying, log carrying, chain carrying, walking across a balance beam and so much more. (2026年崇明区一模) This half marathon, which took place in Beijing on Saturday, ___2___ (believe) to be the first running event of its kind and a landmark moment for the Chinese robotics industry. __3___ the humans and robots ran along separate tracks, likely for safety reasons which you’ll appreciate better in a moment, it was the first time that these two types of participants ___4___ (take) part in the same race.And it proved that bipedal (两腿行走的) robots can run a significant distance in real-world conditions. (2026年浦东新区一模) A more recent example included is the publishing of novels which ____6____ (credit) to the pen name Robert Galbraith but were actually written by Harry Potter author JK Rowling. (2026年金山区一模) Major commercial projects ____4____ (adapt) quickly. Many shopping malls are introducing pet-friendly facilities ____5____ (attract) visitors. Innovative formats are also emerging. Gogogym, China’s first dog fitness center opened in Shanghai, ____8____ (book) fully on weekends since its July launch. “We plan to open four to five new locations in the next year,” said founder Joey Yeo. (2026年奉贤区一模) The astronomy, mathematics, physics, and chemistry they brought ____2____ (fascinate) the young emperor, who was particularly interested in the heavenly bodies......... Outstanding students ____9____ (send) to the institution of astronomy or other key departments. 考点二 时态语态及主谓一致在句子翻译中的运用 例 1 【2026・上海静安・一模】 虽然这座矗立于市中心的纪念碑形制朴素,但它作为历史见证,始终塑造着我们的民族精神,激励着后人。(Though) ____________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时 + 现在完成时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:① 让步状语从句 “the monument...is simple in shape” 用一般现在时,因 “纪念碑形制朴素” 是客观事实,符合摘要 2 中 “一般现在时表普遍真理 / 客观状态” 的规则;② 主句 “it has always shaped...” 用现在完成时,“always” 体现动作从过去持续到现在,强调对当下的影响(民族精神仍被塑造),符合摘要 2 “现在完成时表过去动作对现在的影响” 的考点。 · 主谓一致:① 从句主语 “the monument”(单数),系动词用 “is”;② 主句主语 “it”(指代纪念碑,单数),助动词用 “has”,遵循 “语法一致” 原则(主语单数,谓语单三形式)。 例 2 【2026・上海虹口・一模】 每逢刮风下雨,乡间的小路总是泥泞难行。(too) ____________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:句子描述 “刮风下雨时小路泥泞” 这一反复出现的客观状态,用一般现在时,符合摘要 2“一般现在时表习惯性、反复性动作 / 状态” 的规则,时间状语 “whenever” 进一步强化 “反复性”。 · 主谓一致:主句主语 “the country paths”(复数),系动词用 “are”,遵循 “语法一致” 原则(主语复数,谓语复数形式),避免误写为 “is”(忽略主语复数属性)。 例 3 【2026・上海嘉定・一模】 一个个小型美术馆在上海的社区中悄然兴起了。(emerge) ____________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查时态(现在完成时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:“悄然兴起” 强调动作从过去开始,结果持续到现在(美术馆已存在于社区中),用现在完成时,符合摘要 2 “现在完成时表过去动作对现在有影响” 的考点,无明确过去时间状语但隐含 “从过去到现在” 的时间跨度。 · 主谓一致:主语 “Small art galleries”(复数),助动词用 “have”,谓语动词 “emerged” 用过去分词(无单三变化),遵循 “语法一致” 原则,避免误写为 “has emerged”(混淆主语单复数)。 例 4 【2026・上海徐汇・一模】 随着人工智能的发展,许多传统行业正面临着巨大的挑战。(With…) ____________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查时态(现在进行时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:“正面临” 体现动作 “当前阶段正在发生”,用现在完成时,符合摘要 2 “现在进行时表现阶段正在进行的动作” 的考点,强调 “AI 发展背景下,挑战正在发生”。 · 主谓一致:主语 “many traditional industries”(复数),be 动词用 “are”,谓语动词 “facing” 用现在分词(无单三变化),遵循 “语法一致” 原则,避免误写为 “is facing”(主语复数需匹配复数 be 动词)。 例 5 【2026・上海黄浦・一模】 新政策适用于公司的所有部门。(apply) ____________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:“新政策适用” 是客观事实(政策生效后的持续状态),用一般现在时,符合摘要 2“一般现在时表客观事实 / 持续状态” 的规则,无时间状语但隐含 “政策当前有效”。 · 主谓一致:主语 “The new policy”(单数),谓语动词 “apply” 用单三形式 “applies”,遵循 “语法一致” 原则(主语单数,谓语单三),避免误写为 “apply”(忽略单三变化)。 例 6 【2026・上海杨浦・一模】 该校作业政策是在与全体教师商议后修订的。(consultation) ____________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查语态(一般过去时被动)+ 主谓一致。 · 语态考点:“政策” 是 “修订” 的承受者(被修订),用被动语态,结构为 “was + 过去分词(revised)”,符合摘要 2“一般过去时被动语态:was/were done” 的考点;“修订” 是过去发生的动作,用一般过去时。 · 主谓一致:主语 “The school’s homework policy”(单数),be 动词用 “was”,遵循 “语法一致” 原则,避免误写为 “were revised”(主语单数需匹配单数 be 动词)。 例 7 【2026・上海崇明・一模】 坚持每天锻炼不仅能增强体质,还能缓解压力。(relieve) ____________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时)+ 主谓一致(动名词作主语)。 · 时态考点:“坚持锻炼的效果” 是客观真理,用一般现在时,符合摘要 2 “一般现在时表普遍真理” 的规则。 · 主谓一致:主语 “Keeping exercising every day”(动名词短语,视为单数),并列谓语 “builds” 和 “relieves” 均用单三形式,遵循 “语法一致” 原则(动名词作主语,谓语单数),避免误写为 “build”“relieve”(忽略动名词主语的单数属性)。 例 8 【2026・上海普陀・一模】 这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助,这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。(Every time . . .) ____________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时)+ 主谓一致(定语从句)。 · 时态考点:“每每遇到问题就求助” 是习惯性动作,用一般现在时,符合摘要 2 “一般现在时表习惯性动作” 的规则,时间状语 “Every time” 强化 “习惯性”。 · 主谓一致:① 时间状语从句主语 “the software engineer”(单数),谓语 “encounters” 用单三;② 非限制性定语从句主语 “which”(指代前文整个主句,视为单数),谓语 “demonstrates” 用单三,遵循 “语法一致” 原则,避免误写为 “encounter”“demonstrate”(忽略主语单数属性)。 例 9 【2026・上海闵行・一模】 你收集的资料越充分,报告就越有说服力。(The more..., the more...) ____________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时表将来 + 一般将来时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:“The more..., the more...” 句型中,前半句(条件)用一般现在时表将来(“收集资料” 是未来的动作),后半句(结果)用一般将来时,符合摘要 2“时间 / 条件从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用将来时” 的规则。 · 主谓一致:① 前半句主语 “you”(第二人称),谓语 “collect” 用原形;② 后半句主语 “your report”(单数),系动词用 “will be”,遵循 “语法一致” 原则,无单三变化问题(第二人称 / 将来时无单三)。 例 10 【2026・上海松江・一模】 在学校的农耕课程中,学生们全程参与田间劳作,体会到了 “粒粒皆辛苦” 的含义。(participate) ____________________________________________________________________. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时 / 一般过去时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:① 用一般现在时(participate/realize):表 “农耕课程是常规活动,每年都有”,符合摘要 2 “一般现在时表经常性活动”;② 用一般过去时(participated/realized):表 “特指过去某次农耕课程”,符合摘要 2 “一般过去时表过去某一具体动作”,两种时态均合理,需结合语境判断。 · 主谓一致:主语 “students”(复数),无论一般现在时还是一般过去时,谓语动词均用原形(participate/realize)或过去式(participated/realized),无单三变化,遵循 “语法一致” 原则(主语复数,谓语复数形式)。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题05 时态语态及主谓一致 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 动词时态语态 4 考点二 时态语态在句子翻译中运用 8 语法命题透视 1. 语篇选材:贴近时代与生活,涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域; 2. 难度梯度:基础题占 60%,中档题 30%,难题 10%,区分度清晰; 3. 考查趋势:强调 “语境语法”,需结合语义与逻辑解题。 语法考点总结 1. 冠词 / 介词 / 代词 / 情态动词 / 连词:高频考查固定搭配、指代替换、逻辑连接词(让步 / 因果 / 时间); 2. 形容词 / 副词比较等级:比较级、最高级的语境运用; 3. 三大从句:定语从句(which/who/where/whose)、名词性从句(what/that)、状语从句逻辑; 4. 特殊句式:倒装、强调句、There be 句型的基础应用; 5. 时态语态:现在完成时、一般过去时、被动语态(一般现在 / 完成时被动); 6. 非谓语动词:现在分词(主动 / 伴随)、过去分词(被动 / 定语)、不定式(目的 / 后置定语)。 高考语法命题预测 1. 延续 “语境化” 考查,纯语法记忆题占比持续下降; 2. 核心考点稳定,非谓语动词、三大从句、时态语态仍是重点; 3. 语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野,难度与一模持平。 考点一 动词时态语态 (2026 年静安区一模第 6 题)More dangerous meetings with the wild animals (6) ______ (report) across the state so far. 【答案】have been reported 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手,以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知,本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语a decent winner为第三人称单数,所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 命题解读 新考法:本题综合考查 “现在完成时 + 被动语态 + 主谓一致”,核心触发点是时间标志词 “so far”(到目前为止)。 新角度:主语 “More dangerous meetings” 为复数,与 “report” 构成被动关系,需同时满足时态、语态和主谓一致的三重要求,且语境聚焦野生动物与人类互动的社会现象,将语法规则与话题的客观性陈述结合,考查学生在真实语篇中综合运用语法的能力,而非单一维度的时态或语态判断。 (2026 年金山区一模第 8 题)Gogogym, China’s first dog fitness center opened in Shanghai, (8) ______ (book) fully on weekends since its July launch. 【答案】has been booked 【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:中国首家狗狗健身中心Gogogym在上海开业,自7月开业以来,周末预约一直爆满。此处为谓语动词,根据时间状语since its July launch,强调从过去持续到现在的被动状态,用现在完成时的被动语态;主语Gogogym为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词为has been booked。故填has been booked。 命题解读 新考法:本题以 “现在完成时被动语态” 为核心,结合主谓一致和语境逻辑考查。 新角度:主语 “Gogogym” 为单数专有名词,“since its July launch”(自 7 月开业以来)明确时态要求,“book fully”(预约爆满)体现被动关系,同时话题围绕宠物经济的新兴业态,将语法考查融入社会热点场景。此外,题干中插入语 “China’s first dog fitness center opened in Shanghai” 增加了句子结构复杂度,考查学生剥离干扰信息、精准判断语法成分的能力,符合语篇化考查的新趋势。 知识点1 动词时态的基本用法 要点一、四类一般时用法 要点二、四类进行时用法 要点三、三类完成时用法 动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例) 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般时 do / does did shall/will do should/would do 进行时 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing 完成时 have/has did had did shall/will have did should/would have did 完成进行时 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing 要点一、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时 一、一般现在时 1.一般现在时的构成 主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am,第三人称单数形式用is,其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是: (1)一般情况直接加­s, (2)结尾为­s,­x,­sh,­ch或­o,在词尾加­es discuss—discusses wash—washes teach—teaches fix—fixes go—goes (3)结尾为“辅音字母+y”变y为i再加­es carry—carries study—studies 2.一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,every day/night等连用。 He often goes to work by bus,and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班,而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 看看时间表。快点儿吧!4026航班18:20起飞。 (3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。 If it is fine tomorrow,we will go there.要是明天晴天,我们就去那里。 二、一般过去时 1.一般过去时的构成 一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是:规则动词的过去式变化详见附录 (1)一般情况在动词后加­ed (2)以­e结尾的动词后加­d hope—hoped like—liked (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i再加­ed study—studied try—tried (4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed stop—stopped prefer—preferred admit—admitted permit—permitted 2.一般过去时的用法 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系,常与yesterday,the other day,last week,the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 三、一般将来时 1.一般将来时的构成 由“shall/will+动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称,will用于一切人称。 2.一般将来时的用法 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow,next year,in+一段时间等连用。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 —What time is it? 几点了? —I have no idea. But just a minute,I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等,我给你查查。 3.其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look,dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon,I think.瞧,乌云正在聚集,我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所,在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 四、过去将来时 1.过去将来时的构成 should/would+动词原形 was/were going to+动词原形 was/were about to+动词原形 was/were to+动词原形 某些动词的过去进行时形式 2.过去将来时的用法 从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock.他说他将在8点到这里。 I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。 I thought it was going to rain.我当时觉得要下雨。 过去本打算做而未做的事情。 I was going to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 我本打算要参加聚会,但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。 要点二、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时 一、现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 —I hear you are working in a pub. What's it like? ——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样? —Well,it's very hard work and I'm always tired,but I don't mind. ——哦,工作很辛苦,我也总是很累,不过我不介意。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear,run out等动词。 Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left. 洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。 二、过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time,at that moment,at this time yesterday,at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。 He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼,轻轻地说:“你为什么那样盯着我看?” (2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时,杰克正在实验室里工作。 三、将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,如:at this time tomorrow,by then,from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等。其构成为:will/shall bee+现在分词 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了,因为她那个时间在授课。 四、现在完成进行时 一、现在完成进行时的构成 对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为:have/has been+现在分词。 二、现在完成进行时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常见的时间状语:all this morning,this month,these few days,since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for? ——打扰了,你们在等着看哪部电影呢? —The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》,我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行,而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 要点三、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时 一、现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束,而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,in the last(past) few days/years,up to now,till now,so far等。 He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。 In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里,全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。 (2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语:since+时间点; for+时间段等。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? ——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗? —Sorry,I haven't played the piano for years.——抱歉,我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 (3)在条件和时间状语从句中,用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下,好吗? 二、过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时,我偶然遇见了戴维,我们已经有好几年没见了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态,常用的时间状语:before,by then,by that time,by the end of,by the time+从句等。 By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时,他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止,他对此仍一无所知。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你,但是来了一位不速之客。 3.常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time+that sb.has/have done; This/It /That was the first /...time+that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the+最高级+名词+(that)定语从句,从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been+一段时间+since sb.did; It was/ had been+一段时间+since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 三、将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间”或 “by+将来时间”连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为:will /shall +have + 过去分词。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时,孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock,I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时,我将会写完文章了。 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。 备注1: 其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look,dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon,I think. 瞧,乌云正在聚集,我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 无论是在家里还是在工作场所,在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 备注2: 常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time+that sb.has/have done; This/It /That was the first /...time+that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the+最高级+名词+(that)定语从句,从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been+一段时间+since sb.did; It was/ had been+一段时间+since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 知识点2 被动语态 要点一、被动语态的构成 要点二、get +done构成被动的用法 要点三、主动表示被动意义 要点1 被动语态的构成 一、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有:get/become+过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下:   形式 时间   一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done 被动语态的使用场合:(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时;(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道,一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡,所有的麦子被收割后,总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁,每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有:have有;cost花费;lack缺少;own拥有;belong to属于;take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有:happen/take place/occur发生;remain剩下;break out爆发;last持续;come out出版;come up被提出;lose heart失去信心;date from/back to追溯到;run out用完。 要点2 get +done构成被动的用法 get构成的表示被动语态的短语:get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted,Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间,亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 1.“系动词feel,sound,taste,look,smell,appear,seem,turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软,卖得很好。 2.当sell,read,cut,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗?我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 要点3 主动表示被动意义 1.在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面,动名词主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 2.be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责? The house is to let. 此房出租。 题型1 单句语法填空 1.He (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have learned/will have learnt 【详解】考查时态。句意:到明年大学毕业时,他已经学了八年英语了。空处为主句谓语动词,根据by the time引导的从句“he graduates from the university next year”可知,主句陈述将来某时间前已经完成的动作,应用将来完成时。故填will have learned/learnt。 2.He (write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been writing 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:他写了一上午的作文,现在还在工作。分析句子可知,空格处作谓语。根据句中the whole morning and he is still working以及句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时态,表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到至今,并将持续下去,主语He表示单数意义,故填has been writing。 3.Tu Youyou proved that great honor (come) with hardships while opportunities favour the prepared mind. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】comes 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:屠呦呦证明了伟大的荣誉来自艰辛,而机会只属于有准备的人。分析句意可知,that从句中陈述的是客观事实,所以从句的时态用一般现在时;再分析句式结构,that从句中的主语great honor是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填comes。 4.For these couples of years, our school lift (witness) the lazy and brittle (脆的) students in long queues eagerly waiting, without the strong will to climb the stairs by themselves. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has witnessed 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意:在这几年里,我们的学校电梯见证了懒惰而脆弱的学生排着长队急切地等待,没有自己爬楼梯的坚强意志。根据For these couples of years可知,witness“见证”这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,句子应用现在完成时,又因主语our school lift是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has。故填has witnessed。 5.The shy boy (plan) to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had planned 【详解】考查时态。句意:由于在新地方感到孤独和悲伤,这个害羞的男孩本打算退学,但与校长的一次简短交谈帮助他摆脱了困境。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,结合“a small talk with the headmaster helped him out”可知,应用过去完成时,即had planned to do表示这个男孩本来计划退学,但事实上没做成,属于虚拟语气。故填had planned。 6.I wasn’t sure whether the postman (deliver) me the package on time.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would deliver 【详解】考查时态。句意:我不敢肯定邮递员是否会准时给我送来包裹。“wasn’t sure whether...” 表示“不确定是否……”,这里whether引导宾语从句,主句时态是一般过去时,结合“主过从过”的原则,从句的时态可以使用过去将来时 would deliver,表示“邮递员是否会按时给我送包裹”。故填would deliver。 7.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53%) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46%) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime we eating together, 74%, according to statistics from the report. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】are 【详解】考查动词时态和部分倒装。句意:一项新的报告发现,在美国46%的人是独自一人用餐。超过一半(53%)的人独自吃早餐和近一半(46%)的人独自吃午餐。根据报告的统计数据,只有在晚餐时间74%的人们将会一起吃饭。分析句子结构可知,Only at dinnertime置于句首,要采用部分倒装,空格处需要填be的某种形式和eating共同构成现在进行时(表将来),主语we是复数名词,谓语动词应填are。故填are。 8.For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ordered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:例如,前几天我在网上订购了一台数码相机,节省了大约50美元。分析句子可知,order是谓语动词,由the other day可知,描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,故填ordered。 9.What I have learnt from this movie is that there will be some people whom I may only meet once in my life, but once we meet, I (spend) the rest of my life remembering them before the memory of love disappears.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will spend 【详解】考查时态。句意:我从这部电影中学到的是,有些人在我的一生中可能只见过一次,但一旦我们相遇,我会用我的余生去记住他们,直到爱的记忆消失。根据后文“the rest of my life”可知,此处从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,故填will spend。 10.Their strange but delightful interaction (prove) to be a pleasure to watch and I just cannot get enough of it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has proved/has proven 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意:它们奇怪而愉快的互动被证明是一种乐趣,我就是看不够。根据I just cannot get enough of it可知,prove“证明是”这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,句子时态应用现在完成时,且主语interaction为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has proved或has proven。 11.Since these technologies can improve efficiency by more than 50%, they (apply) to the industrial process in a comprehensive manner in the past few years. 【答案】have been applied 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:由于这些技术可以提高50% 以上的效率,在过去的几年中,它们已经被广泛地应用于工业生产过程中。此处在主句中作谓语,由in the past few years可知,句子描述从过去到现在发生的事,应用现在完成时,且主语they和动词apply是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,故填have been applied。 12.She (distract) from her studies ever since she joined the movie club. 【答案】has been distracted 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:自从她加入了电影俱乐部,就就已经无心学习了。结合ever since引导的时间状语从句可知,主句应用现在完成时,主语She和动词distract之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语是第三人称单数形式,助动词用has。故填has been distracted。 13.He lost the chance for promotion since he (investigate) by the police for fraud at that time. 【答案】was being investigated 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:他失去了晋升的机会,因为他当时正在接受警方的欺诈调查。根据时间状语 at that time可知,用过去进行时。主语he与investigate之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was being investigated。 14.The site (develop) by a French company at present. 【答案】is being developed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:目前,该网站正在由一家法国公司开发。develop作本句谓语,根据空后的by可知,用被动语态,根据时间状语at present可知,用现在进行时,所以用现在进行时的被动语态,主语The site为第三人称单数。故填is being developed。 15.There was a lot of noise outside because repair work (do) to the house at that time. 【答案】was being done 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:外面有很大的噪音,因为当时房子正在修理。根据时间状语at that time可知,用过去进行时,do和主语repair work之间是被动关系,用被动语态,主语是不可数名词,be动词应用was。故填was being done。 16.The church tower which (restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being restored 【详解】 考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意:正在修复的教堂塔楼将很快对游客开放,工作已接近尾声。根据The work is almost finished可知,“修复”正在进行,动词restore与主语which(指代The church tower,第三人称单数)之间是被动关系,故应使用现在进行时的被动语态。主谓一致,故填is being restored。 17.He was not sure whether his thesis paper (approve) by the professor tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would be approved 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:他不确定他的论文明天能否得到教授的批准。根据主句时态可知,从句用过去时态。结合从句时间状语 tomorrow可知,表示过去将要发生的事情,用过去将来时。主语his thesis paper 与approve之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据句意,故填would be approved。 18.The children (warn) of the harm of the computer games, but still many of them got addicted to (沉迷于) them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been warned 【详解】考查时态语态。句意:孩子们已经被警告过电脑游戏的危害,但仍然有许多人沉迷于电脑游戏。分析句子可知,空处缺少句子的谓语,主语The children与谓语动词warn构成被动关系,根据后半句中的got可知,被警告危害在沉迷游戏之前,用过去完成时,且此处为被动语态。故填had been warned。 19.People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been influenced 【详解】考查时态。句意:人们已经被影响而对科技上瘾。一项调查报告称,“上瘾”是人们最常使用的词,用来描述他们与iPad和类似设备的关系。分析句子,设空处作谓语,句子表述动作发生在过去,对现在有影响故使用现在完成时。同时people和influence之间是被动关系,故使用现在完成时被动语态,people(人们)作主语,谓语动词用复数。故填have been influenced。 20.When Tom entered the room, he found some students were looking at him and smiling weirdly. He was sure that he (laugh at ). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being laughed at 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:当汤姆走进房间时,他发现一些学生正看着他,脸上带着奇怪的微笑。他确信自己在被人嘲笑。laugh at是嘲笑的意思,根据语境可知,确信当时被嘲笑,表示过去一直发生的动作用过去进行时,主语he和嘲笑是被动关系。用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being laughed at。 题型2 语篇语法填空(节选) (2026年虹口区一模) When people think of fairy tales,they usually imagine pretty princesses,brave princes and happy endings.Yet if we look back to the earliest versions of these stories,we discover that fairy tales(1)_________( never mean) to be only sweet or child-friendly.In fact,they were originally serious and full of challenges.The fear and danger in these tales were not accidental—they carried moral, social,and even psychological meaning. In Little Red Riding Hood,the wolf's attack teaches young listeners not to trust strangers.Behind every tense scene,there(3) __________ (stand) a warning about real human behavior. 【答案】1.were never meant 3. stands/stood 【1 题详解】 考查被动语态与固定搭配。句意:然而,当我们回顾这些故事的最早版本时,会发现童话从来不是只打算变得甜美或适合儿童。固定搭配 “be meant to do” 表示 “旨在;被打算用于”,主语 “fairy tales” 与 “mean” 为被动关系,且描述早期版本的属性,用一般过去时,故填 were never meant。 【3 题详解】 考查主谓一致与时态。句意:每个紧张的场景背后,都隐藏着对人类真实行为的警告。“there stand” 为倒装结构,主语 “a warning” 为单数;全文可用一般现在时(陈述客观事实)或一般过去时(呼应前文过去时),故填 stands/stood。 (2026年嘉定区一模) Japanese students averaged about 6 hours of sleep per night, significantly less than 7 hours among Canadian students. Interestingly, fewer physical health symptoms (9) ______ (report) among the Japanese students. 【答案】 were reported 【9 题详解】 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:有趣的是,日本学生报告的身体健康症状更少。主语 “fewer physical health symptoms” 与 “report” 为被动关系,研究发生在过去,用一般过去时,故填 were reported。 (2026年徐汇区一模) The procedure itself was intensely complex. It involved temporarily removing the nose, scraping its internal tissue, and refilling it with a transplant of the patient’s own programmed stem cells. These cells ____2____ (design) to differentiate into vast numbers of new olfactory cells. ......... Patients were gradually exposed to richer olfactory stimuli, and their brains, aided by drugs that increased neural plasticity, ____6____(learn) to rewire themselves to interpret this flood of new sensory data. 【答案】2. were designed 6. learned 【2题详解】 考查语态。句意:这些细胞被设计成分化成大量新的嗅觉细胞。此处在句中作谓语动词,主语为These cells,为复数,与design之间为被动关系,且根据前文involved可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填were designed。 【6题详解】 考查时态。句意:患者逐渐暴露在更丰富的嗅觉刺激中,并在增强神经可塑性的药物帮助下,大脑学会重新连接以解读这股涌来的新感官数据。此处在句中作谓语动词,主语为their brains,为复数,与learn之间 为主动关系,且根据前文were可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填learned。 (2026年松江区一模) So, any school that has not restricted smartphones ____10____ (advise) to ban them during classes. In the long run, students may express gratitude for the ban. 【答案】 10. is advised 【10题详解】 考查时态语态。句意:所以,任何未对智能手机加以限制的学校都被建议在上课期间禁止使用这些设备。主语any school与advise为被动关系,且全文为一般现在时,故用一般现在时的被动语态,谓语用单数。故填is advised。 (2026年黄浦区一模) Megha Malhotra has been feeding homeless dogs for almost two years. Every evening, she places food at a feeding spot near her building’s exit gate. But in recent weeks, she ___1___ (sense) growing unease among residents every time she puts out the food. ......... Homeless dogs are a familiar presence across Indian cities,particularly in Delhi.which ____6____ (estimate) to have close to one million — though there has been no official count carried out in the last decade. 【答案】1. has sensed 6. is estimated 【1题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意:但最近几周,每次她分发食物时,她都感到居民们越来越不安。空处为本句谓语动词;根据 in recent weeks可知,本句时态为现在完成时,说明Megha 最近几周里 “持续感受到” 居民的不安,且这种不安对现在的情况(有人反对她喂狗)产生了影响;主语为“she”,单数,和动词“sense”之间为主动关系。故填has sensed。 【6题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意:流浪狗在印度城市随处可见,尤其是在德里。据估计,这一数字接近100万——尽管在过去十年中没有进行过官方统计。空处为从句谓语动词;根据上下文可知,从句时态为一般现在时;主语为which,单数,和动词“estimate”之间为被动关系。故填is estimated。 (2026年宝山区一模) Realistically speaking, Spartan training was incredibly tough and cruel. But some Spartan principles, such as discipline, emotional control, honor and courage, are still important today. They ____3____ (include) into the exercise field in Spartan Races. These fitness competitions are a very exhausting type of obstacle-course race (OCR) and are popular these days. In fact, Spartan Races have been called the world’s premier obstacle-course race. .......... Beginners often start with the Spartan Sprint: a roughly 5-kilometer run with around 20 obstacles. Another popular level is the Spartan Beast, which ____6____ (feature) a run of about 20 kilometers with around 35 obstacles. These obstacles include wall climbing, rope climbing, spear throwing, bucket carrying, log carrying, chain carrying, walking across a balance beam and so much more. 【答案】 3. have been included 6. features 【3题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意:它们已被纳入斯巴达赛跑的锻炼领域。根据语境可知,此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时,且They(指代前面提到的Spartan principles)与include之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填have been included。 【6题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:另一个受欢迎的级别是斯巴达野兽赛,它的特点是大约20公里的跑步,有大约35个障碍。根据语境可知,此处描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,且which指代的先行词the Spartan Beast为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填features。 (2026年崇明区一模) This half marathon, which took place in Beijing on Saturday, ___2___ (believe) to be the first running event of its kind and a landmark moment for the Chinese robotics industry. __3___ the humans and robots ran along separate tracks, likely for safety reasons which you’ll appreciate better in a moment, it was the first time that these two types of participants ___4___ (take) part in the same race.And it proved that bipedal (两腿行走的) robots can run a significant distance in real-world conditions. 【答案】 2. is believed 4. had taken 【2题详解】 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:这场半程马拉松于周六在北京举行,被认为是此类赛事中的首场,也是中国机器人产业的一个里程碑时刻。空处作谓语,句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,believe和主语This half marathon之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语This half marathon是单数, be动词应用is。故填is believed。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意:尽管出于安全原因,人类和机器人分别在不同的赛道上奔跑(这一点你很快就会更清楚),但这是这两类参赛者首次参加同一场比赛。it was the first time that...为固定句型,意为“这是某人第一次……”,that从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时。故填had taken。 (2026年浦东新区一模) A more recent example included is the publishing of novels which ____6____ (credit) to the pen name Robert Galbraith but were actually written by Harry Potter author JK Rowling. 【答案】 6. were credited##are credited##have been credited 【6题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:书中还举了一个较近的例子:一些署名为罗伯特・加尔布雷思的小说,实际上是《哈利・波特》的作者 J.K. 罗琳所写。空处作which引导的定语从句的谓语,根据后文谓语were written可知,此处表过去动作,应用一般过去时,which指代先行词novels(为复数名词)在从句中作主语,与credit“归功于;署名”是被动关系(小说被署名为……),应用credit的一般过去时的被动语态的复数形式were credited;此处也可用一般现在时来陈述客观事实,credit的一般现在时的被动语态的复数形式为are credited;此处还可以用现在完成时,表示过去动作对现在产生的影响,credit的现在完成时的被动语态的复数形式为have been credited。故填were credited/are credited/have been credited。 (2026年金山区一模) Major commercial projects ____4____ (adapt) quickly. Many shopping malls are introducing pet-friendly facilities ____5____ (attract) visitors. Innovative formats are also emerging. Gogogym, China’s first dog fitness center opened in Shanghai, ____8____ (book) fully on weekends since its July launch. “We plan to open four to five new locations in the next year,” said founder Joey Yeo. 【答案】4. are adapting 8. has been booked 【4题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:大型商业项目正在迅速做出调整。此处为谓语动词,结合语境,此处强调现阶段正在进行的动作,用现在进行时,主语Major commercial projects为复数,所以谓语动词为are adapting。故填are adapting。 【8题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:中国首家狗狗健身中心Gogogym在上海开业,自7月开业以来,周末预约一直爆满。此处为谓语动词,根据时间状语since its July launch,强调从过去持续到现在的被动状态,用现在完成时的被动语态;主语Gogogym为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词为has been booked。故填has been booked。 (2026年奉贤区一模) The astronomy, mathematics, physics, and chemistry they brought ____2____ (fascinate) the young emperor, who was particularly interested in the heavenly bodies......... Outstanding students ____9____ (send) to the institution of astronomy or other key departments. 【答案】 2. fascinated 9. were sent 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意:他们带来的天文学、数学、物理和化学知识令这位年轻的皇帝着迷,他对天体尤其感兴趣。此处为谓语动词,描述17世纪发生的事情,用一般过去时,所以谓语动词为fascinated。故填fascinated。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意:优秀的学子被送往钦天监或其他核心部门任职。此处为谓语动词,描述过去的情况,students与send为被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为名词复数,所以谓语动词为were sent。故填were sent。 考点二 时态语态及主谓一致在句子翻译中的运用 例 1 【2026・上海静安・一模】 虽然这座矗立于市中心的纪念碑形制朴素,但它作为历史见证,始终塑造着我们的民族精神,激励着后人。(Though) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Though the monument standing in the city center is simple in shape, as a witness to history, it has always shaped our national spirit and inspired later generations. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时 + 现在完成时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:① 让步状语从句 “the monument...is simple in shape” 用一般现在时,因 “纪念碑形制朴素” 是客观事实,符合摘要 2 中 “一般现在时表普遍真理 / 客观状态” 的规则;② 主句 “it has always shaped...” 用现在完成时,“always” 体现动作从过去持续到现在,强调对当下的影响(民族精神仍被塑造),符合摘要 2 “现在完成时表过去动作对现在的影响” 的考点。 · 主谓一致:① 从句主语 “the monument”(单数),系动词用 “is”;② 主句主语 “it”(指代纪念碑,单数),助动词用 “has”,遵循 “语法一致” 原则(主语单数,谓语单三形式)。 例 2 【2026・上海虹口・一模】 每逢刮风下雨,乡间的小路总是泥泞难行。(too) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Whenever it’s windy and rainy, the country paths are too muddy to walk on. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:句子描述 “刮风下雨时小路泥泞” 这一反复出现的客观状态,用一般现在时,符合摘要 2“一般现在时表习惯性、反复性动作 / 状态” 的规则,时间状语 “whenever” 进一步强化 “反复性”。 · 主谓一致:主句主语 “the country paths”(复数),系动词用 “are”,遵循 “语法一致” 原则(主语复数,谓语复数形式),避免误写为 “is”(忽略主语复数属性)。 例 3 【2026・上海嘉定・一模】 一个个小型美术馆在上海的社区中悄然兴起了。(emerge) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Small art galleries have quietly emerged in communities across Shanghai. 【解析】考查时态(现在完成时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:“悄然兴起” 强调动作从过去开始,结果持续到现在(美术馆已存在于社区中),用现在完成时,符合摘要 2 “现在完成时表过去动作对现在有影响” 的考点,无明确过去时间状语但隐含 “从过去到现在” 的时间跨度。 · 主谓一致:主语 “Small art galleries”(复数),助动词用 “have”,谓语动词 “emerged” 用过去分词(无单三变化),遵循 “语法一致” 原则,避免误写为 “has emerged”(混淆主语单复数)。 例 4 【2026・上海徐汇・一模】 随着人工智能的发展,许多传统行业正面临着巨大的挑战。(With…) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案】With the development of artificial intelligence, many traditional industries are facing significant challenges.【解析】考查时态(现在进行时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:“正面临” 体现动作 “当前阶段正在发生”,用现在完成时,符合摘要 2 “现在进行时表现阶段正在进行的动作” 的考点,强调 “AI 发展背景下,挑战正在发生”。 · 主谓一致:主语 “many traditional industries”(复数),be 动词用 “are”,谓语动词 “facing” 用现在分词(无单三变化),遵循 “语法一致” 原则,避免误写为 “is facing”(主语复数需匹配复数 be 动词)。 例 5 【2026・上海黄浦・一模】 新政策适用于公司的所有部门。(apply) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案】The new policy applies to all departments of the company. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:“新政策适用” 是客观事实(政策生效后的持续状态),用一般现在时,符合摘要 2“一般现在时表客观事实 / 持续状态” 的规则,无时间状语但隐含 “政策当前有效”。 · 主谓一致:主语 “The new policy”(单数),谓语动词 “apply” 用单三形式 “applies”,遵循 “语法一致” 原则(主语单数,谓语单三),避免误写为 “apply”(忽略单三变化)。 例 6 【2026・上海杨浦・一模】 该校作业政策是在与全体教师商议后修订的。(consultation) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案】The school’s homework policy was revised after consultation with all teachers. 【解析】考查语态(一般过去时被动)+ 主谓一致。 · 语态考点:“政策” 是 “修订” 的承受者(被修订),用被动语态,结构为 “was + 过去分词(revised)”,符合摘要 2“一般过去时被动语态:was/were done” 的考点;“修订” 是过去发生的动作,用一般过去时。 · 主谓一致:主语 “The school’s homework policy”(单数),be 动词用 “was”,遵循 “语法一致” 原则,避免误写为 “were revised”(主语单数需匹配单数 be 动词)。 例 7 【2026・上海崇明・一模】 坚持每天锻炼不仅能增强体质,还能缓解压力。(relieve) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Keeping exercising every day not only builds up one’s physical strength but also relieves stress. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时)+ 主谓一致(动名词作主语)。 · 时态考点:“坚持锻炼的效果” 是客观真理,用一般现在时,符合摘要 2 “一般现在时表普遍真理” 的规则。 · 主谓一致:主语 “Keeping exercising every day”(动名词短语,视为单数),并列谓语 “builds” 和 “relieves” 均用单三形式,遵循 “语法一致” 原则(动名词作主语,谓语单数),避免误写为 “build”“relieve”(忽略动名词主语的单数属性)。 例 8 【2026・上海普陀・一模】 这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助,这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。(Every time . . .) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Every time the software engineer encounters a problem, he turns to his team for help, which sufficiently demonstrates the core value of teamwork. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时)+ 主谓一致(定语从句)。 · 时态考点:“每每遇到问题就求助” 是习惯性动作,用一般现在时,符合摘要 2 “一般现在时表习惯性动作” 的规则,时间状语 “Every time” 强化 “习惯性”。 · 主谓一致:① 时间状语从句主语 “the software engineer”(单数),谓语 “encounters” 用单三;② 非限制性定语从句主语 “which”(指代前文整个主句,视为单数),谓语 “demonstrates” 用单三,遵循 “语法一致” 原则,避免误写为 “encounter”“demonstrate”(忽略主语单数属性)。 例 9 【2026・上海闵行・一模】 你收集的资料越充分,报告就越有说服力。(The more..., the more...) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案】The more thoroughly you collect information, the more persuasive your report will be. 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时表将来 + 一般将来时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:“The more..., the more...” 句型中,前半句(条件)用一般现在时表将来(“收集资料” 是未来的动作),后半句(结果)用一般将来时,符合摘要 2“时间 / 条件从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用将来时” 的规则。 · 主谓一致:① 前半句主语 “you”(第二人称),谓语 “collect” 用原形;② 后半句主语 “your report”(单数),系动词用 “will be”,遵循 “语法一致” 原则,无单三变化问题(第二人称 / 将来时无单三)。 例 10 【2026・上海松江・一模】 在学校的农耕课程中,学生们全程参与田间劳作,体会到了 “粒粒皆辛苦” 的含义。(participate) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案】In the school’s farming course, students participate in field work throughout the process and realize the meaning of “every grain comes from hard work.”/ In the school’s farming course, students participated in field work throughout the process and realized the meaning of “every grain comes from hard work.” 【解析】考查时态(一般现在时 / 一般过去时)+ 主谓一致。 · 时态考点:① 用一般现在时(participate/realize):表 “农耕课程是常规活动,每年都有”,符合摘要 2 “一般现在时表经常性活动”;② 用一般过去时(participated/realized):表 “特指过去某次农耕课程”,符合摘要 2 “一般过去时表过去某一具体动作”,两种时态均合理,需结合语境判断。 · 主谓一致:主语 “students”(复数),无论一般现在时还是一般过去时,谓语动词均用原形(participate/realize)或过去式(participated/realized),无单三变化,遵循 “语法一致” 原则(主语复数,谓语复数形式)。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

专题05  时态语态及主谓一致(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测
1
专题05  时态语态及主谓一致(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测
2
专题05  时态语态及主谓一致(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测
3
所属专辑
相关资源
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。