专题04 单项选择之动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（题型专练）（天津专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题04单项选择之动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 目录 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖，精细教学 典例引领 方法透视 变式演练 考向01 动词的时态； 考向02 动词的语态； 考向03 主谓一致； 第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用，模拟实战 题型简介 一、时态和语态是历年高考必考的知识点。考试要求主要包括： 1. 时态和语态的结构 2. 时态和语态的基本用法 3. 易混时态的用法区别 4. 固定结构中的时态和语态 5. 被动语态的特殊形式 6. 动词及动词短语词义辨析 二、主谓一致是历年高考常考的知识点。近几年新高考对主谓一致的考查主要集中以主谓一致的原则和与时态语态的结合为主。 高频考点： 1. 主谓一致的原则 2. 主谓一致的基本用法 命题方式 核心考查方向与高考高频难点是时态、语态与主谓一致的综合运用。 解题思路 1.充分利用前后句和上下句语篇逻辑关系判断动词时态语态 2.考查运用关键词和特定语境综合判断动词时态语态能力 考向01 动词的时态 【例1-1】（2025天津卷）The reading materials _________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy. A. have printed B. had printed C. have been printed D. had been printed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：宋朝见证了交子的出现，交子被认为是世界上最早的纸币。宋朝是已结束的历史时期，“交子的出现” 是过去发生的客观历史事实，需用一般过去时描述过去的具体事件，“saw” 是 “see” 的过去式，符合语境。 【例1-2】（2024天津卷）The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A. had been missing B. were missing C. have been missing D. will be missing 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自从两年前搬回新西兰以来，史密斯一家一直很怀念在中国的网购体验。由since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。结合选项可知，A选项为过去完成进行时；B选项为过去进行时；C选项为现在完成进行时；D选项为将来进行时。故选C。 【变式1-1】（2025·天津·模拟预测）By the time the city’s new environmental policies were enforced last month, most factories ______ the required upgrades to their waste treatment systems, ensuring compliance with the law. A．completed B．have completed C．will complete D．had completed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：到上个月北京的新环保政策实施时，大多数工厂已经完成了废物处理系统的必要升级，确保遵守了法律。By the time是完成时的标志，由the city’s new environmental policies were enforced last month可知，句子时态用过去完成时，表示过去的过去完成的动作，故选D。 【变式1-2】（2025·天津和平·一模）I read my book in the laundry while my washing________. A．dries B．has been dried C．was drying D．was dried 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：我在衣服干燥的时候在洗衣房看书。本句表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选C项。 1. 根据句中时间状语 2. 根据语境决定时态 考向02 动词的语态 【例2-1】（2025天津卷）Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ______ awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project. A. was B. were C. has D. have 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意：邓稼先是因对中国 “两弹一星” 工程作出非凡贡献而获奖的 23 位科学家之一。先行词为 “23 scientists”，关系代词 “who” 指代复数先行词，定语从句谓语动词需与先行词单复数一致；且 “科学家” 与 “获奖” 是被动关系，需用被动语态 “be awarded”，结合复数主语，故用 “were”。 10. 【例2-2】（2019天津卷）Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知，应用过去时，排除选项A和B；本句的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。 【变式2-1】So dangerous was the building that no permission ________ for anybody to enter the building. A．has to give B．have given C．has been given D．has given 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这座大楼太危险了，任何人都不许进入。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语permission单数名词和give为被动关系，结合句意可知，任何人都没有被允许进入这座大楼，这是已经完成的事，且对现在造成影响，就是没人进入，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C项。 【变式2-2】The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony. A．were invited B．was invited C．have been invited D．has invited 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在开幕式上表演。主语与谓语构成被动关系，描述过去发生的动作用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语后接介词短语as well as不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应根据主语的人称和数来确定，即应用单数。故选B。 考向03 主谓一致 【例3-1】（2023天津卷）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A. has caused B. have caused C. was causing D. were causing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故选A。 【例3-2】（2022天津卷）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A. prepare B. prepares C. is preparing D. are preparing 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。 1. 根据主语与动词之间的主谓和动宾关系 2. 根据固定搭配 【变式3-1】（24-25高三上·天津·期末）Since the Song and Tang Dynasties, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal ______ a crucial channel connecting China with the world. A．became B．has become C．had become D．was becoming 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自唐宋以来，京杭大运河已成为连接中国与世界的重要通道。由Since可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal是单数，因此空格处用has become。故选B。 1.Critical reasoning together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．is preparing C．prepares D．are preparing 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：批判性思维和解决问题的能力一起，能让青少年做出更好的决定。根据语境可知，此处描述一般性客观情况，应用一般现在时，由with/together with/along with连接的名词的作主语时，谓语动词的单复数和前面的名词保持一致，即“就远原则”，所以此处谓语动词prepare应与表单数概念的“Critical reasoning (批判性思维)”一致，应用第三人称单数形式。故选C项。 2In the past few years, WeChat as well as telephones ________ an important part in our daily communication. A．has played B．have played C．is playing D．play 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去几年里，微信和电话在我们的日常交流中发挥了重要作用。空处作句子的谓语，结合“In the past few years”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与第一个主语WeChat保持一致，因此助动词使用has。故选A。 3.With more forests being destroyed in that area, a quantity of land ______ deserts each year. A．has been turned into B．have been turned into C．is being turned into D．are being turned into 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：随着更多的森林在这个地区被破坏，每年都有大量的土地正被变成沙漠。根据each year和表示“每年有大量的土地正变成沙漠”可知，句子为现在进行时态。且turn into和land之间为被动关系，所以句子为现在进行时态的被动语态，构成为be being done。句子的谓语动词的单复数根据quantity的单复数确定，quantity是单数，谓语动词用单数，quantity是复数，谓语动词用复数，此处为a quantity of+名词作主语，所以be动词用is。故选C。 4．Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in our province. A．have been spent B．were spent C．has been spent D．was spent 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，我省投入了大量的资金来改善公共交通。“large quantities of +名词”作主语时，无论名词是可数还是不可数，谓语动词都用复数形式。根据句中时间状语Over the past five years可知，用现在完成时。故选A。 5．Mr. Smith, as well as his wife ______ the online shopping experience in China since he moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A．has been missing B．were missing C．have been missing D．will be missing 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：自从两年前搬回新西兰后，史密斯先生和他的妻子一直怀念在中国的网购经历。根据“since he moved back to New Zealand two years ago”以及句意可知，句子强调“自从两年前搬回新西兰后一直怀念”，空处应用现在完成进行时，根据“Mr. Smith, as well as his wife”可知，谓语动词需与“Mr. Smith”保持一致，应用单数形式，因此空处应用has been missing。故选A。 6．____________ with a difficult situation, the young man walked slowly into the room, glanced around nervously, and finally ____________ a deep breath before starting his speech. A．Facing; took B．Facing; taking C．Faced; taking D．Faced; took 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意：面对困难的局面，年轻人慢慢地走进房间，紧张地环顾四周，最后深吸了一口气才开始演讲。be faced with“面对”，第一空在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式；第二空为句中并列谓语动词，根据句中动词walked和glanced可知，用一般过去时。故选D。 7．— There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years. — The government has made a great effort on it. I’m sure this problem ________ one day in the future. A． was solved B．solves C．will be solved D．are solved 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：—— 这些年来，乐山的污染越来越少。—— 政府在这方面做了很大的努力。我相信这个问题未来总有一天会得到解决。根据语意可知，主语this problem与solve之间是被动关系，即“问题被解决”，所以应用被动语态，再根据句中时间状语in the future可知是指未来，应用一般将来时，因此此处需用一般将来时的被动语态，形式为will be done。故选C项。 8．When he first moved to the city as a young man, he had no idea that a chance encounter with a street artist _______the course of his life. A．had changed B．changed C．was changing D．was to change 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：当他作为一个年轻人第一次搬到这座城市时，他不知道与街头艺术家的偶然相遇会改变他的生活。空处为从句谓语动词，主句he had no idea为一般过去时，从句的谓语“改变”还未发生，即站在过去看将来要发生的事情，应用过去将来时。故选D。 9．When he was young, he _______ go to the park with his parents every Sunday morning. A．can B．must C．may D．Would 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：当他小的时候，他每个星期天早上都会和父母一起去公园。分析句子可知，此处为情态动词+动词原形，结合从句动词was可知，此处为表示过去习惯性动作，即would do sth。故选D项。 10．Don’t call me between 9:30 and 11:30 tomorrow morning. I an essay. A．will write B．am writing C．will be writing D．am to write 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：明天上午9:30到11:30之间别给我打电话。我那时将正在写一篇文章。write(写)是谓语动词，根据“Don’t call me between 9:30 and 11:30 tomorrow morning”可知，此处强调在明天上午9:30到11:30这个时间段正在进行写文章的动作，应用将来进行时will be writing。故选C项。 11．According to the doctor, this time next week, I_______ around as normal and the cut on my foot _______ completely. A．am walking, healed B．will be walking, will have healed C．walks, is going to heal D．have been walking, heals 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：根据医生的说法，下周这个时候，我将会像往常一样走路，而且我脚上的伤口也将完全愈合。walk“走路”，heal“康复”。根据时间状语this time next week可知，这里描述的是将来某一时间点正在进行的动作，and前的句子时态应用将来进行时，即will be doing形式，本题用will be walking。the cut on my foot的“康复”是到那时已经完成的动作，and后的句子时态应用将来完成时，即will have done形式，本题用will have healed。故选B。 12．The number of participants who ________ their applications ________ our expectations. A．has submitted; has exceeded B．has submitted; have exceeded C．have submitted; has exceeded D．have submitted; have exceeded 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：提交申请的参与者人数已经超出了我们的预期。“who (submit) their applications”是一个定语从句，submit(提交)作从句谓语，与主语who (即先行词participants)之间是主动关系，强调已经发生的事情对现在的影响，用现在完成时态，主语是复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式have submitted；exceed(超出)是主句谓语，与主语“The number of participants”之间是主动关系，强调已经发生的事情对现在的影响，用现在完成时态，且“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，即has exceeded。故选C项。 13．—How do you like new energy technologies in China? —Fantastic. Such technologies __________ rapidly during the last twenty years. A． are progressing B．have progressed C．will progress D．was progressed 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你觉得中国的新能源技术怎么样？——太棒了。在过去的二十年里，这类技术发展得很快。根据时间状语“during the last twenty years”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作，且对现在产生了影响，符合现在完成时的用法，现在完成时的结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“Such technologies”为复数，所以谓语动词为have progressed。故选B项。 14．Popular or trendy drinks nowadays, like milk tea, ______ a big part of youth culture around the world. A．has become B．will become C．had become D．have become 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如今像奶茶这样受欢迎或时尚的饮品已经成为世界各地青年文化的重要组成部分。become(变成，成为)是谓语动词，根据句意和时间状语“nowadays”可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，即这些饮品到现在已经成为青年文化的重要部分，应用现在完成时态，且主语drinks是复数名词，助动词应用have。故选D项。 15．They________ the Summer Palace three times. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have been in D．have gone into 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们已经去过颐和园三次了。A. have gone to去了某地（还未回来）；B. have been to去过某地（已经回来）；C. have been in在某地（待了一段时间）；D. have gone into进入。根据“three times”可知，此处表示去过颐和园三次，应用have been to。故选B项。 【点睛】本题主要考查have been to和have gone to的区别： have been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了，后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。 have gone to表示“已经去了某地”，或正在去某地的路上（未到达），不在说话者所在地，不能和表示次数的词连用。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04单项选择动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 目录 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖，精细教学 典例引领 方法透视 变式演练 考向01 动词的时态； 考向02 动词的语态； 考向03 主谓一致； 第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用，模拟实战 题型简介 一、时态和语态是历年高考必考的知识点。考试要求主要包括： 1. 时态和语态的结构 2. 时态和语态的基本用法 3. 易混时态的用法区别 4. 固定结构中的时态和语态 5. 被动语态的特殊形式 6. 动词及动词短语词义辨析 二、主谓一致是历年高考常考的知识点。近几年新高考对主谓一致的考查主要集中以主谓一致的原则和与时态语态的结合为主。 高频考点： 1. 主谓一致的原则 2. 主谓一致的基本用法 命题方式 核心考查方向与高考高频难点是时态、语态与主谓一致的综合运用。 解题思路 1.充分利用前后句和上下句语篇逻辑关系判断动词时态语态 2.考查运用关键词和特定语境综合判断动词时态语态能力 考向01 动词的时态 【例1-1】（2025天津卷）The reading materials _________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy. A. have printed B. had printed C. have been printed D. had been printed 【例1-2】（2024天津卷）The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A. had been missing B. were missing C. have been missing D. will be missing 【变式1-1】（2025·天津·模拟预测）By the time the city’s new environmental policies were enforced last month, most factories ______ the required upgrades to their waste treatment systems, ensuring compliance with the law. A．completed B．have completed C．will complete D．had completed 【变式1-2】（2025·天津和平·一模）I read my book in the laundry while my washing________. A．dries B．has been dried C．was drying D．was dried 1. 根据句中时间状语 2. 根据语境决定时态 考向02 动词的语态 【例2-1】（2025天津卷）Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ______ awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project. A. was B. were C. has D. have 10. 【例2-2】（2019天津卷）Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given 【变式2-1】So dangerous was the building that no permission ________ for anybody to enter the building. A．has to give B．have given C．has been given D．has given 【变式2-2】The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony. A．were invited B．was invited C．have been invited D．has invited 考向03 主谓一致 【例3-1】（2023天津卷）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A. has caused B. have caused C. was causing D. were causing 【例3-2】（2022天津卷）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A. prepare B. prepares C. is preparing D. are preparing 1. 根据主语与动词之间的主谓和动宾关系 2. 根据固定搭配 【变式3-1】（24-25高三上·天津·期末）Since the Song and Tang Dynasties, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal ______ a crucial channel connecting China with the world. A．became B．has become C．had become D．was becoming 1.Critical reasoning together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．is preparing C．prepares D．are preparing 2In the past few years, WeChat as well as telephones ________ an important part in our daily communication. A．has played B．have played C．is playing D．play 3.With more forests being destroyed in that area, a quantity of land ______ deserts each year. A．has been turned into B．have been turned into C．is being turned into D．are being turned into 4．Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in our province. A．have been spent B．were spent C．has been spent D．was spent 5．Mr. Smith, as well as his wife ______ the online shopping experience in China since he moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A．has been missing B．were missing C．have been missing D．will be missing 6．____________ with a difficult situation, the young man walked slowly into the room, glanced around nervously, and finally ____________ a deep breath before starting his speech. A．Facing; took B．Facing; taking C．Faced; taking D．Faced; took 7．— There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years. — The government has made a great effort on it. I’m sure this problem ________ one day in the future. A． was solved B．solves C．will be solved D．are solved 8．When he first moved to the city as a young man, he had no idea that a chance encounter with a street artist _______the course of his life. A．had changed B．changed C．was changing D．was to change 9．When he was young, he _______ go to the park with his parents every Sunday morning. A．can B．must C．may D．Would 10．Don’t call me between 9:30 and 11:30 tomorrow morning. I an essay. A．will write B．am writing C．will be writing D．am to write 11．According to the doctor, this time next week, I_______ around as normal and the cut on my foot _______ completely. A．am walking, healed B．will be walking, will have healed C．walks, is going to heal D．have been walking, heals 12．The number of participants who ________ their applications ________ our expectations. A．has submitted; has exceeded B．has submitted; have exceeded C．have submitted; has exceeded D．have submitted; have exceeded 13．—How do you like new energy technologies in China? —Fantastic. Such technologies __________ rapidly during the last twenty years. A． are progressing B．have progressed C．will progress D．was progressed 14．Popular or trendy drinks nowadays, like milk tea, ______ a big part of youth culture around the world. A．has become B．will become C．had become D．have become 15．They________ the Summer Palace three times. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have been in D．have gone into 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $