Unit 4 Space Exploration 动词不定式作定语和状语（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版必修第三册

Unit 4 Space Exploration 核心语法精练（动词不定式作定语和状语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空 3 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补。高考侧重考查不定式作定语、宾语、状语和宾补的用法。 1．不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。 The weather will be sunny in the days to come. 未来几天将是晴天。 (2)中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the last/the only/the next 或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。 Zhang Jian is the first Chinese to swim across the Bohai Sea. 张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。 He was the only one to finish the task on time. 他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。 (3)抽象名词 time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity, ability 等后以及不定代词 something, nothing, little 等后常用不定式作定语。 A subway is an effective way to solve traffic problems in a big city. 地铁是解决大城市交通问题的有效方法。 (4)“there be＋主语＋to do”和 have sth. to do 结构中，不定式也作后置定语。 There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。 He has a lot of work to do today.今天他有大量的活要干。 2．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语。可位于句首或句末，其前可加 in order/so as，但 so as to 不可位于句首。 I got up early (in order) to catch the 6：30 train.我早起是为了赶那趟六点半的火车。 (2)作原因状语。 I am glad to see you.见到你很高兴。 He smiled to think of a clever plan.想到了一个聪明的计划，他笑了。 (3)作结果状语，表示出人意料或不太好的结果，常与 only 连用；而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。 I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。 一、单句语法填空 1．On the whole, he has the potential (become) a world-class musician. 2．They don’t have the courage (apologize) for their actions. 3．Nowadays, AI robots have the ability (talk) with humans. 4．We should seize the opportunity (learn) new skills. 5．Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist (win) the Nobel Prize. 6．Enterprises should be urged by laws to fulfill their duty (protect) the environment. 7．The show highlights Fiji's unique charm as an island destination, including its clean natural scenery, rich culture (explore), adventure activities and authentic cuisine. 8．Storytelling is one of the oldest and most powerful ways (share) culture and values. 9．He is the only one (survive) in his family after the earthquake. 10．She warned me not to say anything (upset) him. 11．Hangzhou will be the third Chinese city (host) the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou. 12．Citizens over 18 have the right (vote) in national elections. 13．Having mastered the technology of manned spacecraft, China became the third country (send) man to space. 14．Chinese students, often coming out first in the PISA tests, have great potential (achieve) more scientific breakthroughs in the future. 15．Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist (receive) a Nobel Prize. 16．Our school launched the activity of “Cherish the Earth, Starting from Me”, which was aimed (raise) students’ awareness of environmental protection. （所给词的适当形式填空） 17．The Chinese government is sparing no effort (serve) people in every aspect. 18． (launch) this new project, the company has conducted many surveys. 19．Researchers use surveys (identify) trends in social media usage among teenagers. 20．Educational programs are designed so as (inspire) young people to become advocates for wildlife conservation. 21．You are old enough (earn) your own living. 22．He hurriedly rushed to the station only (inform) that the train would arrive late. 23．Since I have reached adulthood, I think I’m old enough (decide) for myself. 24．The father walked slowly enough (make) his child follow him. 25．This research has done much (advance) our understanding of language learning. 26．She will be very grateful (know) what you have done for her. 27．The children are eager (open) their birthday presents. 28．They were amazed (find) a hidden cave while hiking in the forest.   29．I am sorry (give) you so much trouble. And thank you for your help. 30．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ________(hold). 二、完成句子 31．我相信你们有能力改变你们的家庭、改变你们的社区、改变我们的国家。 I have confidence in your ability to to your family, to your community and to our country. 32．The morning is the best time of the day . 早晨是安排会议的最佳时间。 33．减轻压力的一个好方法就是与你的好朋友聊聊感受。 A good way is to talk about feelings with your good friend. 34．没有什么事值得发愁。 There is nothing . 35．虽然有时看起来像一个家庭是不可能和睦相处的，但你可以采取行动来改善这种情况。 Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can . 36．为了给评委们留下好印象，她表演了一套难度极高的舞蹈动作。 To on the judges, she performed an extremely difficult dance routine. 37．站在舞台上，她紧张得说不出话来。(too...to...) Standing on the stage, she a single word. 38．It is fun enough . 其精彩程度足以吸引数以百万计的人。 39．听说工厂将被迫关闭，我们十分震惊。 We were really that the factory would have to close. 40．比如，有大量的书，我常常困惑选择哪一本。 For example, there are a large number of books which I . 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高一上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）阅读材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)，或括号内单词的正确形式。 The history of space exploration in China dates back 1 900 A．D．, when Chinese scientists pioneered the first basic rockets. Although China did not participate in the space race of the mid-20th century, the country had begun aiming at space travel by 2 late 1950s. And the China National Space Administration (CNSA) 3 (found) in 1988. In 2003, Yang Liwei made history as the first Chinese astronaut 4 (travel) into space. The journey made China the third country in the world to send a human into space and 5 (safe) return them to Earth. Today, China is among the major 6 (player) in the worldwide space exploration effort. So far, the CNSA has sent both orbital and lander missions (任务) to the Moon’s surface, sending back valuable information on the lunar terrains (月球地形). Sample return missions and a possible crewed visit 7 (follow) in the years to come. It’s common for countries to work together in space exploration, 8 helps reduce costs and brings various countries together to break technological barriers. China is interested in 9 (participate) in international agreements for future explorations. It currently partners with the European Space Agency to build a human 10 (settle) on the Moon. （25-26高一上·安徽·月考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s space exploration program has made remarkable progress in recent years, with the Tiangong space station being a key milestone. Since its first module was launched in 2021, Tiangong 1 (serve) as a home for Chinese astronauts, allowing them to carry out scientific experiments in orbit. The station’s design shows great creativity. It 2 (make) up of three main modules, each with special functions. For example, the Wentian module focuses on life science research, while the Mengtian module is used 3 (test) new space technologies. These modules work together smoothly, making Tiangong one of the most advanced space stations in the world. Astronauts on Tiangong also connect with people on Earth 4 (regular). They host live classes, sharing interesting space knowledge with students. In 2023, astronaut Wang Yaping gave a lesson from the station, 5 inspired millions of young people to become interested in space science. China’s space dream doesn’t stop here. By 2030, the country will have sent its first crewed mission to the moon. This mission will help scientists learn more about the moon’s surface and 6 (resource). Moreover, China plans to work with other countries on deep-space exploration, building a 7 (share) future for human spaceflight. The success of China’s space program lies 8 the hard work of thousands of scientists. Their 9 (devote) and expertise have turned impossible dreams into reality. Every launch, every experiment, and every step forward proves China’s ability to contribute to human’s exploration of the universe. For anyone who looks up at the night sky, Tiangong is not just a space station — it’s a symbol of hope,   10 (show) that humans can achieve great things with teamwork and persistence. 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高一上·吉林长春·期末）A person here on Earth shelled out a lot of green for a piece of the red planet on Wednesday whenSotheby’s put a Martian meteorite (火星陨石) up for auction (拍卖). NWA 16788, the largest piece of Mars on Earth, was expected to sell for between $2 million and $4 million during the auction in New York City, according to Sotheby’s (苏富比拍卖行). The final price was $5,296,000, according to the auction house. Sotheby’s has not publicly shared the name of the buyer. Pieces of Mars found on Earth are very uncommon. According to the auction house, just 400 of the more than 77, 000 officially recognized meteorites found on Earth-or about 0.6%-are from Mars.The meteorite represents (构成) about 6.5% of all Martian material known on Earth today. Meteorites come from meteors. Most meteors burn up as they fall toward Earth, but the ones that survive the trip through Earth’s atmosphere (大气层) are considered meteorites. The piece of Martian rock that was auctioned off by Sotheby’s was likely removed from the planet by an asteroid (小行星) strike. NWA 16788 traveled 140 million miles through space before it crashed in the Sahara Desert,where it was found in Niger’s distant Agadez, area in 2023, according to Sotheby's. “The chances of this getting from there to here are very small,” Cassandra Hatton, Sotheby’s vice chairman of science & natural history, said in an auction house video. The meteorite weighs just over 54 pounds, which makes it the largest meteorite from Mars, but not the largest meteorite ever found. According to NASA, a meteorite originally weighing over 100 tons once fell in Namibia. It’s believed that NWA 16788 is a relative newcomer here on Earth, having fallen from outer space rather recently. “This isn’t just an amazing find, but a large collection of data that can help us unlock the secrets of our neighbor, the red planet,” Hatton said. Sotheby’s often auctions meteorites. “Meteorites from the Moon and Mars are some of the least common things on our planet-as every bit of both would fit in the back of a large SUV,” the auction house wrote in a 2022 collector’s guide. 1．What do the underlined words “shelled out a lot of green” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Received plenty of praise. B．Carried a heavy green box. C．Used many green materials. D．Paid a huge amount of dollars. 2．What is special about NWA 16788? A．It comes in an unusual shape. B．It weighs more than 100 tons. C．It is the largest Martian meteorite ever found on Earth. D．It is the most expensive meteorite auctioned by Sotheby's. 3．What do Hatton’s words in paragraph 5 mean? A．It is difficult for a Martian rock to reach Earth safely. B．Sotheby’s hardly auctions large Martian meteorites. C．The Sahara Desert is difficult to search for meteorites. D．Asteroid strikes seldom remove rocks from Mars. 4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．NWA 16788 might be shown in public. B．NWA 16788 may help us learn more about Mars. C．Moon and Mars meteorites take up much space. D．Sotheby’s is famous for selling meteorites. （25-26高一上·山东德州·期中）Black holes are some of the most puzzling things in space. They’re much heavier than our sun. We can’t see them directly with our eyes or even regular telescopes. So they remain one of the biggest mysteries in science. Let’s find out what they are, how we spot them, and the secrets that still confuse scientists today. A black hole appears when a very large star runs out of all its fuel. Usually, a star stays steady: a force inside pushes out, and gravity (引力) pulls in, balancing each other. But when the star has no fuel, gravity wins. Then all the star’s material is pressed into a very small space. Even light, the fastest thing in space, can’t escape its gravity. That’s why we can’t see black holes — no light comes out of them, so it can’t reach our eyes or telescopes. We can’t see black holes, but scientists have found smart ways to track them down using powerful telescopes. They watch for things like gas and dust floating in space — when these materials get close to a black hole, they get really hot and give off weak signals that telescopes can pick up. In 2022, a group of scientists used a network of telescopes around the world to take the first clear picture of a super big black hole called Sagittarius A* at the center of our Milky Way galaxy, and it’s more than a million times heavier than our Sun. We still don’t know much about what happens inside a black hole. That’s a big unknown. Every black hole has something called an “event horizon.” It’s like an unseen line around the black hole. If anything crosses this line, even a spaceship or a ray of light, it gets pulled in by the black hole’s gravity and can never get out. Some scientists think that if a person went past this event horizon, they would be trapped forever. Other scientists guess that black holes might connect to other parts of the universe through “wormholes.” These are like hidden tunnels. But these wormholes would break apart too quickly for anything to travel through them. The good news? All black holes are very far from Earth. So they don’t bring any danger to our planet. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How a black hole forms. B．Why stars run out of fuel. C．Why we need telescopes. D．How gravity works on stars. 2．How did scientists discover Sagittarius A*? A．By observing its bright light. B．By tracking materials around it. C．By using one huge telescope. D．By catching its strong signals. 3．What can we infer about the “event horizon”? A．It’s near the Earth. B．It’s a point of no return. C．It’s a type of planet. D．It’s a line that can be seen. 4．What’s the main aim of the text? A．To urge scientists to study black holes. B．To introduce a movie about black holes. C．To warn people about black holes’ danger. D．To explain the related facts of black holes. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Space Exploration 核心语法精练（动词不定式作定语和状语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空 3 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补。高考侧重考查不定式作定语、宾语、状语和宾补的用法。 1．不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。 The weather will be sunny in the days to come. 未来几天将是晴天。 (2)中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the last/the only/the next 或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。 Zhang Jian is the first Chinese to swim across the Bohai Sea. 张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。 He was the only one to finish the task on time. 他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。 (3)抽象名词 time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity, ability 等后以及不定代词 something, nothing, little 等后常用不定式作定语。 A subway is an effective way to solve traffic problems in a big city. 地铁是解决大城市交通问题的有效方法。 (4)“there be＋主语＋to do”和 have sth. to do 结构中，不定式也作后置定语。 There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。 He has a lot of work to do today.今天他有大量的活要干。 2．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语。可位于句首或句末，其前可加 in order/so as，但 so as to 不可位于句首。 I got up early (in order) to catch the 6：30 train.我早起是为了赶那趟六点半的火车。 (2)作原因状语。 I am glad to see you.见到你很高兴。 He smiled to think of a clever plan.想到了一个聪明的计划，他笑了。 (3)作结果状语，表示出人意料或不太好的结果，常与 only 连用；而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。 I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。 一、单句语法填空 1．On the whole, he has the potential (become) a world-class musician. 【答案】to become 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：总的来说，他有成为世界级音乐家的潜力。have the potential to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“有做某事的潜力”，此处应用动词不定式作定语。故填to become。 2．They don’t have the courage (apologize) for their actions. 【答案】to apologize 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们没有勇气为自己的行为道歉。本句谓语为don’t have，此处为非谓语动词，且have the courage to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“有勇气做某事”，所以此处应用动词apologize“道歉”的不定式to apologize，作后置定语，修饰名词courage。故填to apologize。 3．Nowadays, AI robots have the ability (talk) with humans. 【答案】to talk 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，人工智能机器人已经具备了与人类对话的能力。名词ability“能力”后常用不定式作后置定语，ability to talk“对话的能力”。故填to talk。 4．We should seize the opportunity (learn) new skills. 【答案】to learn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该抓住机会学习新技能。分析句子结构可知，此处需用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词opportunity；“seize the opportunity to do sth.”，是固定搭配，意为“抓住机会做某事”，符合语境。故填to learn。 5．Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist (win) the Nobel Prize. 【答案】to win 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦是第一位赢得诺贝尔奖的中国科学家。当名词前有the first/second/last...等序数词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。故填to win。 6．Enterprises should be urged by laws to fulfill their duty (protect) the environment. 【答案】to protect 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：应该通过法律敦促企业履行保护环境的职责。“(protect) the environment”作后置定语，protect(保护)用非谓语形式，且名词duty后常用不定式，作后置定语，表示“……的职责”。故填to protect。 7．The show highlights Fiji's unique charm as an island destination, including its clean natural scenery, rich culture (explore), adventure activities and authentic cuisine. 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该节目突出了斐济作为一个岛屿目的地的独特魅力，包括其洁净的自然风光、可供探索的丰富文化、冒险活动以及地道美食。这里用动词不定式to explore作后置定语，修饰culture，表示“有待探索的文化” 。故填to explore。 8．Storytelling is one of the oldest and most powerful ways (share) culture and values. 【答案】to share 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：讲故事是分享文化与价值观最古老、最有力的方式之一。已有谓语动词is，share为非谓语动词，根据空前ways可知，此处是固定搭配“the way to do sth.”，意为“做某事的方式”。动词不定式to share作后置定语，修饰名词ways。故填to share。 9．He is the only one (survive) in his family after the earthquake. 【答案】to survive 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他是地震后他家唯一幸存的人。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作one的后置定语，one前面有the only修饰，应用survive“存活，幸存”不定式形式。故填to survive。 10．She warned me not to say anything (upset) him. 【答案】to upset 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她警告我什么也不要说，以免使他心烦。此处需用不定式短语to upset him修饰anything，作定语，表示“不要说什么让他心烦的话”。故填to upset。 11．Hangzhou will be the third Chinese city (host) the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou. 【答案】to host 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杭州将成为继北京和广州之后，第三个举办亚运会的中国城市。名词city前面有序数词修饰，需用动词不定式to host，作后置定语。故填to host。 12．Citizens over 18 have the right (vote) in national elections. 【答案】to vote 【详解】考查不定式。句意：18岁以上的公民有权在全国选举中投票。have the right to do sth.是固定短语，意为“有权做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to vote，故填to vote。 13．Having mastered the technology of manned spacecraft, China became the third country (send) man to space. 【答案】to send 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：掌握了载人航天技术后，中国成为第三个将人类送入太空的国家。句中已有became，空处作非谓语动词，名词country被序数词修饰，且和send是逻辑上的主动关系，用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to send。 14．Chinese students, often coming out first in the PISA tests, have great potential (achieve) more scientific breakthroughs in the future. 【答案】to achieve 【详解】考查非谓语。句意： 中国学生经常在国际学生评估项目测试中名列前茅，他们有很大潜力在未来取得更多科学突破。这里考查have potential to do sth.， 为固定用法，意为“有做某事的潜力；有做某事的可能性”，此处用不定式作后置定语，修饰potential，符合语境。故填to achieve。 15．Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist (receive) a Nobel Prize. 【答案】to receive 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦因对抗疟疾的贡献，成为第一个获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家。当名词前有the first等序数词时，后接的动词通常用不定式作后置定语，表示“第一个做某事的人”。故填to receive。 16．Our school launched the activity of “Cherish the Earth, Starting from Me”, which was aimed (raise) students’ awareness of environmental protection. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to raise 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们学校开展了“珍惜地球，从我做起”的活动，旨在提高学生的环保意识。be aimed to do sth.，意为“旨在做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to raise。 17．The Chinese government is sparing no effort (serve) people in every aspect. 【答案】to serve 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国政府正不遗余力地在各个方面为人民服务。固定搭配spare no effort to do sth.“不遗余力做某事”，此处需用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填 to serve。 18． (launch) this new project, the company has conducted many surveys. 【答案】To launch 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了启动这个新项目，这家公司已经进行了许多调查。不定式to launch作目的状语。首字母大写。故填To launch。 19．Researchers use surveys (identify) trends in social media usage among teenagers. 【答案】to identify 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员使用调查来确定青少年社交媒体使用的趋势。空白处在句子中做状语，需用非谓语动词形式，use sth. to do sth. 是固定用法，表示 “使用某物做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式 to identify。故填to identify。 20．Educational programs are designed so as (inspire) young people to become advocates for wildlife conservation. 【答案】to inspire 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：设计教育项目是为了激励年轻人成为野生动物保护的倡导者。so as to do为固定搭配，表示“为了做某事”。故填to inspire。 21．You are old enough (earn) your own living. 【答案】to earn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你已经长大了，可以自食其力了。“形容词/副词+enough+to do”为固定搭配，意为“足以……来做……”，动词不定式表结果。故填to earn。 22．He hurriedly rushed to the station only (inform) that the train would arrive late. 【答案】to be informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆忙地赶到车站，结果被告知火车晚点了。设空处作结果状语，表示意外的结果，用不定式；且inform和He之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故使用不定式的被动式。故填to be informed。 23．Since I have reached adulthood, I think I’m old enough (decide) for myself. 【答案】to decide 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：既然我已经成年了，我想我已经足够大了，可以自己做决定了。此处是“be + enough +adj.+to do sth.”结构，表示“足够……做某事”，动词不定式作结果状语。故填to decide。 24．The father walked slowly enough (make) his child follow him. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:父亲走得很慢,足以让孩子跟着他。结合句意可知，此处表示结果,根据固定结构“...enough to do sth意为“足够……可以做某事了”可知，此处应用不定式作结果状语，且make与逻辑主语the father间为主动关系。故填to make。 25．This research has done much (advance) our understanding of language learning. 【答案】to advance 【详解】考查不定式。句意：这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的理解。结合语境可知，此处不定式做结果状语。故填to advance。 26．She will be very grateful (know) what you have done for her. 【答案】to know 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她会非常感激你为她所做的一切。be grateful to do sth.是固定短语，形容词grateful后接不定式表示原因，意为“因……而感激”。故填to know。 27．The children are eager (open) their birthday presents. 【答案】to open 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：孩子们渴望打开他们的生日礼物。be eager to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”，所以此处应用动词open的不定式形式to open。故填to open。 28．They were amazed (find) a hidden cave while hiking in the forest.   【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们在森林徒步旅行时惊讶地发现了一个隐藏的洞穴。“be amazed to do sth.”为固定短语，意为“惊讶地做某事”，用动词不定式短语to find，作原因状语，故填to find。 29．I am sorry (give) you so much trouble. And thank you for your help. 【答案】to have given 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：很抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。谢谢你的帮助。be sorry to do sth.是固定句型，意为“抱歉做某事”。根据语境可知，“给你添麻烦”这一动作发生在“道歉”之前，即过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应用动词不定式的完成式，其结构为“to have + 过去分词”。give的过去分词是given。故填to have given。      30．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ________(hold). 【答案】to hold 【详解】考查动词不定式作状语。句意：厚度和重量与先前版本的不同使得iPad 2拿着更舒服。形容词easy，hard，difficult，comfortable后用不定式作原因状语，且不定式与逻辑主语the iPad是动宾关系，需用不定式的主动形式表被动含义。故填to hold。 二、完成句子 31．我相信你们有能力改变你们的家庭、改变你们的社区、改变我们的国家。 I have confidence in your ability to to your family, to your community and to our country. 【答案】 make a difference 【详解】考查动词短语。表达“改变”用动词短语make a difference，不定式符号to后跟make的原形。故填make；a；difference。 32．The morning is the best time of the day . 早晨是安排会议的最佳时间。 【答案】to schedule the meeting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“安排”应用schedule，修饰名词time，需用动词不定式作后置定语；表示“会议”应用the meeting。故填to schedule the meeting。 33．减轻压力的一个好方法就是与你的好朋友聊聊感受。 A good way is to talk about feelings with your good friend. 【答案】to reduce stress 【详解】考查动词不定式。根据句意，“减轻压力”可译为“reduce stress”，修饰名词way常用不定式作后置定语。故填to reduce stress。 34．没有什么事值得发愁。 There is nothing . 【答案】to be worried about 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“发愁”使用短语worry about，代词nothing后使用动词不定式作后置定语，且worry about和nothing之间是被动关系，使用不定式的被动式，故填to be worried about。 35．虽然有时看起来像一个家庭是不可能和睦相处的，但你可以采取行动来改善这种情况。 Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can . 【答案】 take   action to improve the situation 【详解】考查短语及动词不定式作目的状语。“采取行动”常见表达为take action ，can是情态动词，后接动词原形 ；“改善这种情况”表达为improve the situation ，to improve the situation是动词不定式作目的状语，表明采取行动的目的。故填take action to improve the situation 。 36．为了给评委们留下好印象，她表演了一套难度极高的舞蹈动作。 To on the judges, she performed an extremely difficult dance routine. 【答案】 make a good impression 【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处表示“给某人留下好印象”，应用动词短语make a good impression on sb.，空前to是不定式符号to，后接动词原形，作目的状语。故填①make；②a；③good；④impression。 37．站在舞台上，她紧张得说不出话来。(too...to...) Standing on the stage, she a single word. 【答案】was too nervous to say 【详解】考查固定短语、形容词、时态和非谓语动词。“紧张得说不出话来”可理解为“太紧张而说不出话来”，可用固定结构too...to...，意为“太……而不能……”；句中补充系动词was作谓语，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态，表语“紧张”用形容词nervous，“说”用动词say，用原形构成不定式短语to say作结果状语。故填was too nervous to say。 38．It is fun enough . 其精彩程度足以吸引数以百万计的人。 【答案】to attract millions of people 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。be...enough to do sth.为固定结构，意为“足以……以至于做某事”，不定式短语作结果状语；表示“吸引”可用动词attract；表示“数以百万计的人”可用短语millions of people。故填to attract millions of people。 39．听说工厂将被迫关闭，我们十分震惊。 We were really that the factory would have to close. 【答案】 shocked to hear 【详解】考查形容词和动词。“震惊”用形容词shocked表达，在句中作表语，be shocked to do意为“因……而震惊”；“听说”用动词hear表达；“听说工厂将被迫关闭，我们十分震惊。”表达为We were really shocked to hear that the factory would have to close.；故答案为①shocked；②to；③hear。 40．比如，有大量的书，我常常困惑选择哪一本。 For example, there are a large number of books which I . 【答案】am often confused to choose from 【详解】考查形容词和非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为which引导的定语从句，所以从句中应缺少宾语，根据主句中的谓语动词are可知，此处应使用一般现在时，根据句意，表示“我经常困惑”应为I am often confused；表示“选择哪一本”应为choose from，from后应为先行词books，因从句中需要缺少宾语，所以，from后不能有宾语；根据be confused to do sth.可知，此处应为不定式形式作原因状语。故填am often confused to choose from。 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高一上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）阅读材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)，或括号内单词的正确形式。 The history of space exploration in China dates back 1 900 A．D．, when Chinese scientists pioneered the first basic rockets. Although China did not participate in the space race of the mid-20th century, the country had begun aiming at space travel by 2 late 1950s. And the China National Space Administration (CNSA) 3 (found) in 1988. In 2003, Yang Liwei made history as the first Chinese astronaut 4 (travel) into space. The journey made China the third country in the world to send a human into space and 5 (safe) return them to Earth. Today, China is among the major 6 (player) in the worldwide space exploration effort. So far, the CNSA has sent both orbital and lander missions (任务) to the Moon’s surface, sending back valuable information on the lunar terrains (月球地形). Sample return missions and a possible crewed visit 7 (follow) in the years to come. It’s common for countries to work together in space exploration, 8 helps reduce costs and brings various countries together to break technological barriers. China is interested in 9 (participate) in international agreements for future explorations. It currently partners with the European Space Agency to build a human 10 (settle) on the Moon. 【答案】 1．to 2．the 3．was founded 4．to travel 5．safely 6．players 7．will follow 8．which 9．participating 10．settlement 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国太空探索的历史、成就及未来计划，并强调了国际合作在太空探索中的重要性。 1．考查介词。句意：中国的太空探索历史可以追溯到公元900年，当时中国科学家开创了第一批基础火箭。date back to是固定短语，意为“追溯到”。故填to。 2．考查冠词。句意：尽管中国没有参加20世纪中期的太空竞赛，但中国在20世纪50年代末已经开始瞄准太空旅行。在“late/early+年份复数”前需加定冠词the，表特定的历史时期。the late 1950s表示“20世纪50年代末”，故填the。 3．考查动词语态。句意：中国国家航天局成立于1988年。根据时间状语in 1988可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时，且主语the China National Space Administration (CNSA)和动词found“成立”二者之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was founded。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：2003年，杨利伟成为第一位进入太空的中国宇航员，创造了历史。名词astronaut被序数词first修饰，其后应用不定式，作后置定语，本空用travel“行进”的不定式。故填to travel。 5．考查副词。句意：这次旅行使中国成为世界上第三个将人类送入太空并安全返回地球的国家。空处修饰动词return，应用副词safely“安全地”，作状语。故填safely。 6．考查名词复数。句意：如今，中国已成为全球太空探索的主要参与者之一。本空作among的宾语，用名词player“参与者”，前面有among，表示多个参与者，应用复数形式。故填players。 7．考查动词时态。句意：样本返回任务和可能的载人登月任务将在未来几年进行。follow“跟随”。根据时间状语 in the years to come“在未来几年”可知，表将要发生的动作，时态需用一般将来时，谓语用will follow。故填will follow。 8．考查定语从句。句意：各国在太空探索中合作是很常见的，这有助于降低成本，并使各国团结起来打破技术壁垒。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国有兴趣参与未来探索的国际协议。位于介词in后，应用participate“参与”的动名词，作宾语。故填participating。 10．考查名词。句意：它目前与欧洲航天局合作，在月球上建立人类定居点。空处作build的宾语，用名词settlement“定居点”，根据空前的冠词a可知，用其单数形式。故填settlement。 （25-26高一上·安徽·月考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s space exploration program has made remarkable progress in recent years, with the Tiangong space station being a key milestone. Since its first module was launched in 2021, Tiangong 1 (serve) as a home for Chinese astronauts, allowing them to carry out scientific experiments in orbit. The station’s design shows great creativity. It 2 (make) up of three main modules, each with special functions. For example, the Wentian module focuses on life science research, while the Mengtian module is used 3 (test) new space technologies. These modules work together smoothly, making Tiangong one of the most advanced space stations in the world. Astronauts on Tiangong also connect with people on Earth 4 (regular). They host live classes, sharing interesting space knowledge with students. In 2023, astronaut Wang Yaping gave a lesson from the station, 5 inspired millions of young people to become interested in space science. China’s space dream doesn’t stop here. By 2030, the country will have sent its first crewed mission to the moon. This mission will help scientists learn more about the moon’s surface and 6 (resource). Moreover, China plans to work with other countries on deep-space exploration, building a 7 (share) future for human spaceflight. The success of China’s space program lies 8 the hard work of thousands of scientists. Their 9 (devote) and expertise have turned impossible dreams into reality. Every launch, every experiment, and every step forward proves China’s ability to contribute to human’s exploration of the universe. For anyone who looks up at the night sky, Tiangong is not just a space station — it’s a symbol of hope,   10 (show) that humans can achieve great things with teamwork and persistence. 【答案】 1．has served/has been serving 2．is made 3．to test 4．regularly 5．which 6．resources 7．shared 8．in 9．devotion 10．showing 【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了中国天宫空间站的建设进展、功能设计，以及中国航天计划的未来规划。 1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自2021年首个舱段发射以来，天宫一直是中国航天员的“家园”，让他们能在轨道上开展科学实验。根据时间状语“Since its first module was launched in 2021”可知，此处用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语Tiangong是单数，谓语动词用has served或has been serving。故填has served/has been serving。 2．考查动词时态语态。句意：它由三个主要舱段组成，每个舱段都有特殊功能。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，be made up of是固定短语，意为“由……组成”，主语It是单数，be动词用is。故填is made。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，问天舱专注于生命科学研究，而梦天舱则用于测试新的航天技术。be used to do sth.是固定结构，意为“被用来做某事”，此处应用动词不定式to test，作目的状语。故填to test。 4．考查副词。句意：天宫上的航天员也会定期与地球上的人们进行交流。此处修饰动词connect，应用副词regularly，意为“定期地”，作状语。故填regularly。 5．考查定语从句。句意：2023年，航天员王亚平在空间站授课，这激励了数百万年轻人对航天科学产生兴趣。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 6．考查名词。句意：这次任务将帮助科学家更多地了解月球表面和资源。resource是可数名词，结合语境“月球资源”应用复数形式resources，作宾语。故填resources。 7．考查形容词。句意：此外，中国计划与其他国家合作开展深空探测，为人类航天事业构建一个共享的未来。此处修饰名词future，应用形容词shared，意为“共享的”，作定语。故填 shared。 8．考查介词。句意：中国航天计划的成功在于数千名科学家的辛勤工作。lie in是固定短语，意为“在于；取决于”，此处应用介词in。故填in。 9．考查名词。句意：他们的奉献和专业知识将不可能的梦想变成了现实。此处与expertise并列作主语，应用名词devotion，意为“奉献”，是不可数名词。故填devotion。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于任何仰望夜空的人来说，天宫不仅仅是一个空间站，它是希望的象征，表明人类通过团队合作和坚持可以取得伟大的成就。句中已有谓语is，此处应是非谓语形式。it (指Tiangong)与show是主谓关系，应用现在分词showing，作状语。故填showing。 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高一上·吉林长春·期末）A person here on Earth shelled out a lot of green for a piece of the red planet on Wednesday whenSotheby’s put a Martian meteorite (火星陨石) up for auction (拍卖). NWA 16788, the largest piece of Mars on Earth, was expected to sell for between $2 million and $4 million during the auction in New York City, according to Sotheby’s (苏富比拍卖行). The final price was $5,296,000, according to the auction house. Sotheby’s has not publicly shared the name of the buyer. Pieces of Mars found on Earth are very uncommon. According to the auction house, just 400 of the more than 77, 000 officially recognized meteorites found on Earth-or about 0.6%-are from Mars.The meteorite represents (构成) about 6.5% of all Martian material known on Earth today. Meteorites come from meteors. Most meteors burn up as they fall toward Earth, but the ones that survive the trip through Earth’s atmosphere (大气层) are considered meteorites. The piece of Martian rock that was auctioned off by Sotheby’s was likely removed from the planet by an asteroid (小行星) strike. NWA 16788 traveled 140 million miles through space before it crashed in the Sahara Desert,where it was found in Niger’s distant Agadez, area in 2023, according to Sotheby's. “The chances of this getting from there to here are very small,” Cassandra Hatton, Sotheby’s vice chairman of science & natural history, said in an auction house video. The meteorite weighs just over 54 pounds, which makes it the largest meteorite from Mars, but not the largest meteorite ever found. According to NASA, a meteorite originally weighing over 100 tons once fell in Namibia. It’s believed that NWA 16788 is a relative newcomer here on Earth, having fallen from outer space rather recently. “This isn’t just an amazing find, but a large collection of data that can help us unlock the secrets of our neighbor, the red planet,” Hatton said. Sotheby’s often auctions meteorites. “Meteorites from the Moon and Mars are some of the least common things on our planet-as every bit of both would fit in the back of a large SUV,” the auction house wrote in a 2022 collector’s guide. 1．What do the underlined words “shelled out a lot of green” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Received plenty of praise. B．Carried a heavy green box. C．Used many green materials. D．Paid a huge amount of dollars. 2．What is special about NWA 16788? A．It comes in an unusual shape. B．It weighs more than 100 tons. C．It is the largest Martian meteorite ever found on Earth. D．It is the most expensive meteorite auctioned by Sotheby's. 3．What do Hatton’s words in paragraph 5 mean? A．It is difficult for a Martian rock to reach Earth safely. B．Sotheby’s hardly auctions large Martian meteorites. C．The Sahara Desert is difficult to search for meteorites. D．Asteroid strikes seldom remove rocks from Mars. 4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．NWA 16788 might be shown in public. B．NWA 16788 may help us learn more about Mars. C．Moon and Mars meteorites take up much space. D．Sotheby’s is famous for selling meteorites. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了苏富比拍卖行拍卖一块火星陨石NWA 16788的相关情况。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“A person here on Earth shelled out a lot of green for a piece of the red planet on Wednesday when Sotheby’s put a Martian meteorite up for auction.(周三，当苏富比拍卖行拍卖一块火星陨石时，地球上的一个人为这块红色星球的碎片______)”以及第二段“The final price was $5,296,000, according to the auction house.(据拍卖行称，最终价格为529.6万美元)”可知，这个人花费了巨额资金来购买这块火星陨石，“shelled out a lot of green”意思是“支付了一大笔美元”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The meteorite represents about 6.5% of all Martian material known on Earth today.(这块陨石占目前地球上已知所有火星物质的约6.5%)”以及第六段“The meteorite weighs just over 54 pounds, which makes it the largest meteorite from Mars, but not the largest meteorite ever found.(这块陨石重略超过54磅，是迄今为止发现的来自火星的最大陨石，但不是有史以来发现的最大陨石)”可知，NWA 16788的特别之处在于它是迄今为止在地球上发现的最大的火星陨石。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段““The chances of this getting from there to here are very small,” Cassandra Hatton, Sotheby’s vice chairman of science & natural history, said in an auction house video.(苏富比科学与自然历史副总裁卡桑德拉·哈顿在拍卖行的一段视频中说：“它从那里到达这里的几率非常小。”)”可知，哈顿的话意味着一块火星岩石要安全到达地球是很困难的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It’s believed that NWA 16788 is a relative newcomer here on Earth, having fallen from outer space rather recently. “This isn't just an amazing find, but a large collection of data that can help us unlock the secrets of our neighbor, the red planet,” Hatton said.(据信，NWA 16788是地球上相对较新的陨石，它是最近从外太空坠落的。哈顿说：“这不仅仅是一个惊人的发现，而且是一组大量的数据，可以帮助我们解开我们邻居——红色星球的秘密。”)”可知，NWA 16788可能会帮助我们更多地了解火星。故选B。 （25-26高一上·山东德州·期中）Black holes are some of the most puzzling things in space. They’re much heavier than our sun. We can’t see them directly with our eyes or even regular telescopes. So they remain one of the biggest mysteries in science. Let’s find out what they are, how we spot them, and the secrets that still confuse scientists today. A black hole appears when a very large star runs out of all its fuel. Usually, a star stays steady: a force inside pushes out, and gravity (引力) pulls in, balancing each other. But when the star has no fuel, gravity wins. Then all the star’s material is pressed into a very small space. Even light, the fastest thing in space, can’t escape its gravity. That’s why we can’t see black holes — no light comes out of them, so it can’t reach our eyes or telescopes. We can’t see black holes, but scientists have found smart ways to track them down using powerful telescopes. They watch for things like gas and dust floating in space — when these materials get close to a black hole, they get really hot and give off weak signals that telescopes can pick up. In 2022, a group of scientists used a network of telescopes around the world to take the first clear picture of a super big black hole called Sagittarius A* at the center of our Milky Way galaxy, and it’s more than a million times heavier than our Sun. We still don’t know much about what happens inside a black hole. That’s a big unknown. Every black hole has something called an “event horizon.” It’s like an unseen line around the black hole. If anything crosses this line, even a spaceship or a ray of light, it gets pulled in by the black hole’s gravity and can never get out. Some scientists think that if a person went past this event horizon, they would be trapped forever. Other scientists guess that black holes might connect to other parts of the universe through “wormholes.” These are like hidden tunnels. But these wormholes would break apart too quickly for anything to travel through them. The good news? All black holes are very far from Earth. So they don’t bring any danger to our planet. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How a black hole forms. B．Why stars run out of fuel. C．Why we need telescopes. D．How gravity works on stars. 2．How did scientists discover Sagittarius A*? A．By observing its bright light. B．By tracking materials around it. C．By using one huge telescope. D．By catching its strong signals. 3．What can we infer about the “event horizon”? A．It’s near the Earth. B．It’s a point of no return. C．It’s a type of planet. D．It’s a line that can be seen. 4．What’s the main aim of the text? A．To urge scientists to study black holes. B．To introduce a movie about black holes. C．To warn people about black holes’ danger. D．To explain the related facts of black holes. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍黑洞的形成原理、科学家观测黑洞的方法，以及事件视界等相关未解之谜，揭示黑洞的奥秘。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A black hole appears when a very large star runs out of all its fuel. Usually, a star stays steady: a force inside pushes out, and gravity (引力) pulls in, balancing each other. But when the star has no fuel, gravity wins. Then all the star’s material is pressed into a very small space. Even light, the fastest thing in space, can’t escape its gravity.(黑洞形成于一颗超大质量恒星耗尽所有燃料之时。通常，恒星会保持稳定状态：其内部存在向外的推力，而引力则向内拉扯，二者相互平衡。但当恒星燃料耗尽，引力便会占据上风。随后，恒星的所有物质被压缩至一个极小的空间内。即便作为宇宙中速度最快的物质 —— 光，也无法逃脱其引力的束缚。)”可知，该段主要介绍了黑洞的形成过程。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“They watch for things like gas and dust floating in space—when these materials get close to a black hole, they get really hot and give off weak signals that telescopes can pick up. In 2022, a group of scientists used a network of telescopes around the world to take the first clear picture of a super big black hole called Sagittarius A* at the center of our Milky Way galaxy, and it’s more than a million times heavier than our Sun.(天文学家会观测太空中漂浮的气体与尘埃等物质 —— 当这些物质靠近黑洞时，会变得异常炽热，并释放出微弱的信号，而望远镜能够捕捉到这些信号。2022年，一组科学家利用全球范围内的望远镜网络，拍摄到了首张清晰的超大质量黑洞图像，该黑洞名为“人马座 A*”，位于我们银河系的中心，其质量是太阳的一百万倍以上。)”可知，科学家是通过追踪黑洞周围的物质发现人马座 A*的。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“It’s like an unseen line around the black hole. If anything crosses this line, even a spaceship or a ray of light, it gets pulled in by the black hole’s gravity and can never get out. (它就像黑洞周围一条看不见的界线。任何物体一旦越过这条线，哪怕是宇宙飞船或一束光，都会被黑洞引力捕获，永远无法逃脱。)”可知，“event horizon”是一个有去无回的临界点。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Black holes are some of the most puzzling things in space. They’ re much heavier than our sun. We can’t see them directly with our eyes or even regular telescopes. So they remain one of the biggest mysteries in science. Let’s find out what they are, how we spot them, and the secrets that still confuse scientists today.(黑洞是宇宙中最令人困惑的事物之一。它们的质量远大于太阳，我们无法用肉眼甚至普通望远镜直接观测到它们。因此，黑洞仍是科学界最大的谜团之一。接下来，让我们一同探寻黑洞究竟是什么、人类如何发现它们，以及那些至今仍困扰着科学家的未解之谜。)”以及后文可知，文章依次介绍了黑洞的形成原因、科学家观测黑洞的方法，以及关于黑洞“事件视界”的未解之谜，核心目的是讲解黑洞的相关知识。故选D项。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $