动词时态与语态 课件-2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接语法复习专项

动词的形式、时态与语态 一、动词的形式 形式 变化规则 构成方法 例词 原形 — — see, finish, teach 第三 人称 单数 形式 一般情况 加-s look—looks, write—writes 以 ch, sh, s, x 结尾 加-es teach—teaches, watch—watches finish—finishes, wash—washes guess—guesses, mix—mixes 以 o 结尾 加-es do—does, go—goes 以 “ 辅 音 字 母 ＋y”结尾 变 y 为 i ， 加-es try—tries, cry—cries, fly—flies, worry—worries (“元音＋y”→直接加-s: play—plays, stay—stays, enjoy—enjoys) 不规则变化：be—is, have—has 形式 变化规则 构成方法 例词 过去 式、 过去 分词 规则 变化 一般情况 加-ed stay—stayed, look—looked 以不发音 e 结尾 直接加-d decide—decided, hope—hoped 以重读闭音节结 尾，末尾只有一 个辅音字母 双写末尾的 辅音字母再 加-ed stop—stopped, admit—admitted 以“辅音字母＋ y”结尾 变 y 为 i，加 -ed carry—carried, try—tried （元音字母＋y）destroy—destroyed stay—stayed, play—played 现在 分词 一般情况 加-ing go—going, read—reading 以不发音 e 结尾 去 e ，再加 -ing have—having, write—writing see—seeing 以重读闭音节结 尾，末尾只有一 个辅音字母 双 写 末 尾 的辅 音 字 母 再加-ing cut—cutting, run—running swim—swimming, shop—shopping, begin—beginning 不定式 动词前直接加to take— to take stop— to stop 【时态】 时：时间 态：状态 动词时态：动词在不同时间点上的状态。 中文无时态差异： 十年前，我们是好朋友； 现在，我们也是好朋友； 将来，我们还是好朋友。 We were good friends 10 years ago; We are still good friends now; We will be good friends in the future. 二、动词的时态 英文有时态差异： Eg: vs 体 时 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般现在时 am/is/are 或do/does 现在完成时 have/has done 一般将来时 will + do 将来进行时 will be doing 将来完成时 will have done 过去将来时 should/would + do 过去将来完成时 should/would have done 过去将来进行时 should/would be doing 将来完成进行时 will have been doing 过去将来完成进行时 should/would have been doing 一般过去时 was/were或did 现在进行时 am/are/is doing 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 过去进行时 were/was doing 过去完成时 had done 过去完成进行时 had been doing 体 时 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般现在时 ask/asks 现在完成时 have/has asked 一般将来时 will ask 将来进行时 will be asking 将来完成时 will have asked 过去将来时 would ask 一般过去时 asked 现在进行时 am/are/is asking 现在完成进行时 have/has been asking 过去进行时 were/was asking 过去完成时 had asked 三、动词的语态 主动形式 (Active Voice) 被动形式 (Passive Voice) 一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时 did 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 现在完成时 have/has done 情态动词 情态动词+do am/is/are done was/were done am/is/are being done has/have been done 情态动词+be done 注意以下几类词无被动语态： 1.不及物动词没有被动语态 2.常见的系动词如feel,smell,taste,look, sound,go(变得)，grow（变得）等，无被动语态 3.表示发生的动词（短语）无被动语态，如take place, happen, break out。 1. He breaks the window. The window is broken by him. 2.We gave the student some books. The student was given some books by us. Some books were given to the student by us. Observe & Conclude:(把主动句变成被动句，并观察总结规律) 主动 被动 主动态变被动态的口诀： “助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（＋by＋动作执行者）” 宾语提前主语变，时态人称“be”关键， 过去分词勿变错，原主变宾“by”后见。 Practice. 1. They have painted those pictures. 2. The workers are repairing the bridge. 3. We must keep our room clean and tidy. Those pictures have been painted by them. The bridge is being repaired by the workers. Our room must be kept clean and tidy. 四、非谓语动词 什么是非谓语动词？ 何时使用非谓语动词？ 佳丽 佳丽 妃 佳丽 ★ 一个句子中已经存在一个____________, 又没有_________的情况下，另一个动词需要用____________的形式。 谓语动词 连词 非谓语动词 连词 并列连词 or、and、but、so、however... 从属连词 when、who、that、because... doing（表主动和进行） to do (表目的和将来) done（表被动和完成） 非谓语动词的三种形式 Exercise 1 判断下列句子应使用（A.谓语）还是 (B.非谓语动词)。 （1）The book was written by San Mao. （2）I like reading the novels written by San Mao. A B He likes playing football. They went to ride a bike. B A （1）The girl_____________(dance) in the classroom now. →分析：该句中_________(有/没有)谓语动词，所以该空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为______________。 （2）The girl__________(dance) in the classroom now and she looks very confident. →分析：该句中_____(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有并列连词_______连接了两个动词，所以空格应使用____________(谓语/非谓语动词)。 没有 谓语动词 现在进行时 is dancing 有 and 谓语动词 is dancing （3）The girl__________(dance) in the classroom now looks very confident. →分析：该句中______(有/没有)谓语动词，并且______(有/没有)连词，所以空格应使用_____________(谓语/非谓语动词)。 （4）The girl who____________(dance) in the classroom now looks very confident. →分析：该句中_____(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有从属连词_______，所以空格应使用__________(谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为____________。 有 没有 非谓语动词 有 who 谓语动词 现在进行时 is dancing dancing （1）He often works hard to earn more money. 为了赚更多的钱，他努力工作。 （2）The meeting is to be held next week. 会议将于下周召开。 → 动词不定式to do 在句中通常表:________和________。 目的 将来 （3）Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing. 听到消息时，他忍不住笑了。 （4）We see them dancing “Sea Grass” in the TV now. 我们看见他们正在电视上跳海草舞。 → 现在分词(doing) 通常在句中表:__________和___________。 主动 进行 （5）Pointed at by others, he was told “No zuo no die why you try.” 他被别人指着说：“不作死就不会死。” （6）You can drink boiled water. 你可以喝开水。 → 过去分词(done) 通常在句中表: _________和__________。 被动 完成 （1）____________(catch) the early bus, she got up at 6:00. To catch practice （2）I saw four girls ____________(wear) different clothes. wearing （3）Two women ____________(interview) about the product said they liked it. interviewed （4）The stadium _________(build) by the company last year can hold 1 million people. built （5）I should do more exercise __________(improve) my English. to improve （6）We can see Guan Xiaotong _________(give) a lecture on the stage. giving 总结： 一、一个句子中只有一个谓语，其他都是非谓语，除非有连词； 二、非谓语的常见三种形式：to do; doing; done $