时态、语态课件-2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

初高中衔接之 ---时态 什 么 是 动 词 ？ 形式 变化规则 构成方法 例词 原形 — — see, finish, teach 第三 人称 单数 形式 一般情况 加-s look—looks, write—writes 以 ch, sh, s, x 结尾 加-es teach—teaches, finish—finishes, guess—guesses, mix—mixes 以 o 结尾 加-es do—does, go—goes 以 “ 辅 音 字 母 ＋y”结尾 变 y 为 i ， 加-es try—tries, cry—cries play? 二.动词的形式 形式 变化规则 构成方法 例词 过去 式、 过去 分词 规则 变化 一般情况 加-ed stay—stayed, look—looked 以不发音 e 结尾 直接加-d decide—decided, hope—hoped 以重读闭音节结 尾，末尾只有一 个辅音字母 双写末尾的 辅音字母再 加-ed stop—stopped, admit—admitted 以“辅音字母＋ y”结尾 变 y 为 i，加 -ed carry—carried, try—tried destroy—destroyed， stay—stayed 现在 分词 一般情况 加-ing go—going, read—reading 以不发音 e 结尾 去 e ，再加 -ing have—having, write—writing see—seeing 以重读闭音节结 尾，末尾只有一 个辅音字母 双 写 末 尾 的辅 音 字 母 再加-ing cut—cutting, run—running swim—swimming, shop—shopping, begin—beginning 不定式 动词前直接加to take— to take stop— to stop break bring buy choose cost forget get hang Practice 1:写出下列动词的三单、过去式、过去分词和现在分词 hold hurt lose leave rise set teach write 动词的时态=时间+状态 动词时间：现在；过去；将来；过去将来 动词状态：一般态；进行态；完成态；完成进行态 现在 将来 过去 过去 将来 进行态 完成态 完成进行态 一般态 4种时间×4种状态＝16种时态 时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。  英语中有16种时态。常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时。    动词的时态 体 时 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般现在时 am/is/are 或do/does 现在进行时 am/are/is doing 现在完成时 have/has done 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 一般过去时 was/were或did 过去进行时 were/was doing 过去完成时 had done 过去完成进行时 had been doing 一般将来时 will + do 将来进行时 will be doing 将来完成时 will have done 过去将来时 would + do 过去将来完成时 would/should have done 过去将来进行时 would be doing 将来完成进行时 will have been doing 过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing 一般现在时 1.概念:①表示经常性习惯性的动作或状态,有规律出现的情况; ②客观存在，科学真理 ③现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性 2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…. ), once a week(day, year, month… ),on Sundays(on Mondays…) 3.基本结构:am/is/are /do/does eg. She is always ready to help others. The old man goes to park every morning. eg. The earth goes round the sun. eg. Amy writes good English but does not speak well. 一般现在时练习(结构:am/is/are /do/does) 1. 我每天早晨七点起床. _______________________________________________________________________ 2. 我的父亲在一家银行工作. _______________________________________________________________________ 3. 电子邮件比传统信件更方便. _______________________________________________________________________ 4. 太阳在东边升起. _______________________________________________________________________ I get up at seven o'clock every morning. Emails are more convenient than traditional letters. The sun rises in the east. My father works at a bank. 一般过去时 1.概念:表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态;表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2.时间状语: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago.. 3.基本结构:was/were/did(动词用过去式) 1.她上个月参加了一场比赛。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.他上周看了一部电影。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 3.他们去年去北京度假了。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 4.我昨晚做了作业。 ___________________________________________________________________________ She took part in a competition last month. He watched a movie last week. They went to Beijing on vacation last year. I did my homework last night. 一般将来时 1.概念:表示将来发生的动作或状态;表示将来某段时间内经常发生的动作或状态。 2.时间状语: tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon, the day after tomorrow , next Sunday/week/year/month,soon, in a few days ... 3.基本结构:will/shall+do(动词原形); be going to +do(动词原形) 1.我明天会去拜访我的祖父母。___________________________________________________________________________ 3.我们下个月要去旅行。 ___________________________________________________________________________ I will visit my grandparents tomorrow. We are going to travel next month. 现在进行时 1.用法:表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2.时间状语:now, at this time/mement, these days, nowadays, etc. 3.基本结构:am/is/are +doing 1.他此刻正在看电视。____________________________________________________________________________ 2.他现在正在打篮球。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. 看！他在跳舞。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ He is watching TV now. He is playing basketball now. Look! The boy is dancing. 现在进行时（谓语动词用am/is/are+现在分词） 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加-ing walk(ing), laugh(ing) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母再加-ing regret(ting), ban(ning) 以不发音的e结尾的动词 去掉e，加-ing take-taking, date-dating 联想：过去进行时的用法和结构 表示过去某时间正在发生的动作was/were +doing 过去进行时 1.用法:表示过去某一特定时刻正在发生的动作。 2.基本结构:was/were +doing She was playing badminton at 8 p.m. yesterday. He was doing homework last night all the time. 1.昨晚八点我正在看电视。 _________________________________________________________________________ 2.当你打电话时，我正在吃饭。 _________________________________________________________________________ I was watching TV at eight o'clock last night. I was having dinner when you called. 现在完成时 1.概念:动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，可能已经完成，也可能会继续持续下去。 2.时间状语: already, yet, just, ever, before,this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, until now, up to now, so far, in the past few+ 时间段, since +时间点, for+ 时间段 3.基本结构:has /have done I have finished (完成) my homework since 9am. I have learned English for ten years. 1.我已经完成英语作业了。 ________________________________________________________________________ 2.她已经学语文十年了。 ________________________________________________________________________ I have finished my English homework. She has learned Chinese for ten years. Practice 2.用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. Vegetarians(素食者) (not, eat) meat. 2. If it (rain) tomorrow, we’ll have to put off our sports meet. 3. I (go) to the cinema three times last week. 4. I (go) to the gym every five days. 5. When I was young, I (want) to be a doctor. don’t eat rains went go wanted 动词的语态 ——被动/主动 主动形式 (Active Voice) 被动形式 (Passive Voice) 一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时 did 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 现在完成时 have/has done 情态动词 情态动词+do am/is/are done was/were done am/is/are being done has/have been done 情态动词+be done 注意以下几类词无被动语态： 1.不及物动词没有被动语态 2.常见的系动词如feel, smell, taste, look, sound, go(变得)，grow（变得）等，无被动语态 3.表示发生的动词（短语）无被动语态，如take place, happen, break out。 主动态变被动态的口诀： 宾语提前主语变，时态人称“be”关键， 过去分词勿变错，原主变宾“by”后见。 1. He breaks the window. The window is broken by him. 2. She gave me a book. I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her. Observe & Conclude:(把主动句变成被动句，并观察总结规律) Practice 3：把主动换成被动. 1. They have painted those pictures. 2. The workers are repairing the bridge. 3. We must keep our room clean and tidy. Those pictures have been painted by them. The bridge is being repaired by the workers. Our room must be kept clean and tidy. I usually ____ up at 6:00, but yesterday I ______ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _________ up at 6:30. (get) Listen! Someone ____________ (knock) at the door. I ___________ (be) in Beijing for two years. He fell asleep while he ___________ (read) a book. get will get got is knocking have been was reading Practice 4：用所给词的正确形式填空 One good turn deserves another I _____________ (have) dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony _______ (work) in a lawyer's office years ago, but he ____________ (work) at a bank now. He ______ (get) a good salary, but he always _______ (borrow) money from his friends and never ______ (pay) it back. Tony _____ (see) me and _____ (come) and ____ (sit) at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he __________ (eat), I _____ (ask) him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he _____ (give) me the money immediately. “I have never borrowed any money from you,” Tony said, “so now you can pay for my dinner!” was having worked is working asked saw came sat gave was eating borrows gets pays Thanks you! $