Unit 3 Making Choices 直接引语，间接引语和感官动词（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材北师大版八年级下册

Unit 3 Making Choices 核心语法精练（ 直接引语，间接引语和感官动词） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 语法填空 9 题型二 阅读理解 11 感官动词用法详解 感官动词是表示人体感官动作的词，中考核心考查 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 这五个词，以及 see, hear, watch, notice, observe 等词的特殊用法，具体可分为两类讲解： 一、 第一类：表“感官系动词”（look/sound/smell/taste/feel） 这类词后接形容词作表语，构成 “主语 + 感官系动词 + 形容词” 结构，用来描述人或事物的性质、状态，不能接副词。 1. look（看起来） 例句：The flowers look beautiful in the garden.（花园里的花看起来很美。） 易错点：不能说 look beautifully，beautiful 是形容词，描述花的状态。 2. sound（听起来） 例句：Your idea sounds great. Let’s try it.（你的主意听起来很棒，我们试试吧。） 3. smell（闻起来） 例句：The cake smells delicious. I can’t wait to eat it.（蛋糕闻起来很香，我迫不及待想吃了。） 4. taste（尝起来） 例句：This orange tastes sweet. It’s from my grandma’s garden.（这个橙子尝起来很甜，是奶奶家果园里的。） 5. feel（摸起来；感觉） 表“摸起来”：The silk feels soft and smooth.（丝绸摸起来柔软顺滑。） 表“感觉”（主语为人）：I feel tired after the long walk.（长途步行后我感觉很累。） 二、 第二类：表“感官实义动词”（see/hear/watch/notice/observe） 这类词后接名词或代词作宾语，还可接两种宾语补足语结构，中考高频考查这两种结构的区别： 结构1：感官实义动词 + sb./sth. + do sth.（省略 to 的不定式） 表示看到/听到/注意到动作的全过程，或经常性、习惯性的动作。 例句1：I saw him cross the street yesterday.（我昨天看见他穿过了马路。→ 看到过马路的全过程） 例句2：We often hear her sing in the park.（我们经常听到她在公园里唱歌。→ 经常性动作） 结构2：感官实义动词 + sb./sth. + doing sth.（动名词） 表示看到/听到/注意到动作正在进行，强调动作的“正在进行中”。 例句1：When I passed the classroom, I heard her singing an English song.（我路过教室时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌。→ 唱歌的动作正在发生） 例句2：They noticed a boy crying under the tree.（他们注意到一个男孩正在树下哭。→ 哭的动作正在进行） 直接引语和间接引语 一、 基本概念 1. 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，需用引号标注，保留原句的时态、人称、标点和语序。 例句：She said, “I will go to Beijing tomorrow.”（她说：“我明天要去北京。”） 2. 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号，需根据转述语境调整时态、人称、时间/地点状语、语序。 例句：She said that she would go to Beijing the next day.（她说她第二天要去北京。） 二、核心转换规则详解 变化要素 直接引语 → 间接引语规则 直接引语例句 间接引语例句 人称 根据主句主语和语境灵活调整。一随主，二随宾，三不变是基本原则。 Tom said, “I like my book.” Tom said he liked his book. 时态 主句为过去时，引语时态需“后退一步”。 She said, “I am reading.” “…I have finished.” “…I will go.” She said she was reading. She said she had finished. She said she would go. 指示词/状语 this/these → that/those； now → then；today → that day；tomorrow → the next day；here → there等。 He said, “I’ll do this here now.” He said he would do that there then. 句型与语序 1. 陈述句：加 that（口语可省）。 2. 一般疑问句：用 if/whether，语序变回陈述句。 3. 特殊疑问句：保留疑问词，语序变回陈述句。 4. 祈使句：改为 ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do。 陈述句： “It is true.” 疑问句： “Are you sure?” 特殊问句： “Where do you live?” 祈使句： “Open the door.” He said (that) it was true. He asked if I was sure. He asked where I lived. He told me to open the door. 一、单项选择 1．I called him just now but the signal was bad. He only repeated saying “ ________ .” A．he can’t hear you clearly B．I can’t hear you clearly C．he couldn’t hear you clearly D．I couldn’t hear you clearly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我刚才给他打了电话，但信号不好。他只是重复说：“我听不清。” 考查时态和直接引语。he can’t hear you clearly他听不清楚你；I can’t hear you clearly我听不清楚你；he couldn’t hear you clearly他听不清楚你，过去时；I couldn’t hear you clearly我听不清楚你，过去时。空处是直接引语，描述当时的情况，用现在时，对方在电话中使用第一人称I表示自己听不清楚。故选B。 2．Transform the following direct speech into indirect speech: “Have you seen him since yesterday morning?” Michael said to me. A．Michael said to me if I had seen him since yesterday morning. B．Michael wondered if I had seen him or not since yesterday morning. C．Michael asked me whether I had seen him since the previous morning. D．Michael inquired whether we would have seen him since the morning before. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：将下列直接引语转换为间接引语：迈克尔对我说：“昨天早上以后你见过他吗？” 考查直接引语和间接引语的转换。一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语时，主句谓语常改为ask(ed)，而间接引语常用whether/if引导，并用陈述语序，时间状语since yesterday morning改为since the previous morning。故选C。 3．If someone says, “I want to finish this job today, ” how would you report this in indirect speech? A．He said he wants to finish that job today. B．He said that he wanted to finish this job today. C．He said he wanted to finish that job that day. D．He said that he had wanted to finish this job today. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果有人说：“我想今天完成这项工作。” 如何使用间接引语转述这句话？ 考查间接引语。在间接引语中，直接引语中的现在时通常要变为过去时， wants变为wanted，且指示代词this通常要变为that，时间状语today通常要变为that day。故选C。 4．He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He ________ very naughty. A．said his mother that the boy was B．said to his mother that the boy is C．told his mother that the boy was D．spoke to his mother that the boy was 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他说：“妈妈，这个男孩很顽皮。”→他告诉他妈妈那个男孩很顽皮。 考查直接引语和间接引语的转换。此处可改为“他告诉他妈妈那个男孩很顽皮”，可用tell sb.，排除ABD。故选C。 5．He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked________. A．how am I getting along B．how are you getting along C．how I was getting along D．how was I getting along 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他问：“你过得怎么样？” 考查直接引语和间接引语的转换。原句从句为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语后，从句应为陈述句语序，疑问词不变；原句从句主语为第二人称，变为间接引语后，从句主语应变为第一人称；原句主句为一般过去时态，从句为现在进行时态，变为间接引语后，主句仍为一般过去时，从句变为过去进行时，故选C。 6．“Helen, I will come this morning,” John said. →John ________. A．told Helen he will come this morning B．said to Helen I would go that morning C．said Helen he would come that morning D．told Helen he would go that morning 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“海伦，我今天早上会来的，”约翰说。→约翰告诉海伦他那天早上会去。 考查直接引语和间接引语的转换。直接引语为陈述句，间接引语用that引导，在口语中that常省略。由直接引语中的said可知，间接引语要用过去的某种时态。主语I变为he指代“John”，动词come在间接引语中应变为go，指示代词this要变为that。故选D。 7．The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east?” The teacher asked her ________ the sun ________ in the east. A．if; rise B．if; rises C．whether; rose D．whether did; rise 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师问她：“太阳是从东方升起吗？”老师问她太阳是否从东方升起。 考查直接引语变间接引语。由常识可知，题干中的直接引语是客观事实，用一般现在时，变成间接引语后，时态应不变，选项C和D是一般过去时，故排除；间接引语中主语the sun“太阳”是第三人称单数，谓语rise需加s变为rises，故选B。 8．Black asked me, “Why haven’t you left here yet?” Black asked me why ________ yet. A．I hadn’t left there B．I haven’t left here C．hadn’t I left there D．haven’t I left here 【答案】A 【详解】句意：布莱克问我，“你为什么还没有离开这里？” 考查直接引语和间接引语。“Black asked me why … yet.”是宾语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态；原直接引语“Why haven’t you left here yet?”的时态为现在完成时，故变间接引语要用过去完成时，排除B、D项；宾语从句中从句语序是陈述句语序。故选A。 9．Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where ________ holidays. A．she spent her B．you spend your C．she spend her D．you spent your 【答案】A 【详解】句意：杰克对她说：“你在哪里度假”？杰克问她，她在哪里度假。 考查直接引语与间接引语之间的转化。题干是由直接引语变为间接引语的，直接引语变间接引语时，第一，人称上应该一致，排除B、D项；第二时态应该一致，题干的主句谓语动词asked为一般过去时，从句也应用一般过去时，所以应用spent，排除C项。故选A。 10．Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr. Black said that ________ a long way ________. A．I had walked; last week B．he had walked; that week C．I walked; last week D．he has walked; this week 【答案】B 【详解】句意：布莱克先生说，“这个星期我走了很长的路。” 考查直接引语和间接引语。宾语从句的时态原则：主过从必过，主句“Mr. Black said”用了一般过去时，对应的宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态；原直接引语“I have walked a long way this week.”是现在完成时，此处变间接引语时要用过去完成时；此外，原直接引语的主语I要变为he；时间状语this week变为that week。故选B。 11．—How was the food here? —Everything ______ really good! A．tasted B．sounded C．heard D．felt 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这里的食物怎么样？——每一样东西尝起来都非常好！ 考查感官动词辨析。tasted尝起来；sounded听起来；heard听到；felt感觉起来。根据问句“How was the food here?”可知，此处询问食物怎么样，回答应使用与味觉相关的动词。故选A。 12．The dish ________ nice but ________ very terrible. A．looks; tastes B．looks; sounds C．smells; sounds D．tastes; looks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这道菜看起来很好但尝起来很糟糕。 考查动词辨析。looks看起来；tastes尝起来；sounds听起来；smells闻起来。根据句意可知，第一个空描述菜的外观，对应“看起来”，应用looks；第二个空描述味道，对应“尝起来”，且“but”表示转折关系，表示外观好但味道差，应用tastes。故选A。 13．The bread has gone bad. It ________ terrible. A．looks B．sounds C．tastes D．smells 【答案】D 【详解】句意：面包已经变质了。它闻起来很糟糕。 考查感官动词辨析。looks看起来；sounds听起来；tastes尝起来；smells闻起来。根据“The bread has gone bad.”可知，变质食物通常通过气味感知异味，因此需用表示“闻起来”的感官动词。故选D。 14．This kind of fruit ________ good. I’d like to have more. A．sounds B．tastes C．looks D．smells 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这种水果尝起来不错。我想再吃一些。 考查感官动词辨析。sounds听起来；tastes尝起来；looks看起来；smells闻起来。根据“I’d like to have more”（我想再吃一些）可知，说话者因喜欢水果的味道而想多吃，强调味觉体验，因此用tastes“尝起来”。故选B。 15．— What’s in the box? — I don’t know. It ________ strange. A．tastes B．looks C．feels D．smells 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——盒子里是什么？——我不知道。它有怪味。 考查感官动词辨析。tastes尝起来；looks看起来；feels摸起来；smells闻起来。根据对话，盒子未打开，无法通过尝、看或摸判断，只能通过其散发的气味推测事物状态。故选D。 16．The music ________ wonderful. I enjoy it very much. A．feels B．looks C．sounds D．tastes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：音乐听起来美妙。我非常喜欢它。 考查感官动词辨析。feels感觉；looks看起来；sounds听起来；tastes尝起来。音乐是听觉对象，需用表示听觉的感官动词“sounds”。故选C。 17．The food in that restaurant ________ really good. Many people like eating there. A．tastes B．tastes like C．taste D．taste like 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那家餐馆的食物尝起来真的很好。许多人喜欢在那里吃饭。 考查系动词用法。tastes尝起来，是系动词，后面一般接形容词，此处是第三人称单数；tastes like尝起来像，其中tastes是系动词，后接介词like作表语，其后面一般接名词，此处tastes是第三人称单数；taste尝起来，动词原形；taste like尝起来像，其中taste是动词原形。根据主语“the food”为不可数名词，视为单数，可知，空处的谓语动词需用单数形式，故排除C和D。又因为空后“really good”为形容词短语，因此B选项不符合语境。故选A。 18．The warm milk ______ delicious and helps me feel relaxed before bed. A．tastes B．smells C．sounds D．looks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：温牛奶尝起来美味，并帮助我在睡前感到放松。 考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来；smells闻起来；sounds听起来；looks看起来。根据“milk”和“delicious”可知，应是品尝起来美味，故选A。 19．Mum is cooking in the kitchen. It ________ so good that I can’t wait to eat it. A．sounds B．feels C．smells D．tastes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：妈妈正在厨房做饭。它闻起来很香，我等不及要吃了。 考查感官动词辨析。sounds听起来；feels感觉起来；smells闻起来；tastes尝起来。根据“Mum is cooking in the kitchen.”可知，它闻起来很香，我等不及要吃了。故选C。 20．The movie about space travel ________ really interesting. Many students watched it. A．tastes B．seems C．feels D．smells 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部关于太空旅行的电影似乎真的很有趣。许多学生都看了它。 考查系动词辨析。tastes尝起来；seems似乎；feels感觉起来；smells闻起来。根据“Many students watched it”可知，许多学生看过这部电影，因此人们对它的评价是似乎很有趣。故选B。 二、完成句子 21．She said, “I will go to Suihua next month.” (改为间接引语) She said that go to Suihua the next month. 【答案】 she would 【详解】句意：她说：“下个月我要去绥化。” 分析题干，该句为含有一般将来时的直接引语，变间接引语时，从句的主语应与主句保持一致，主句为she，从句主语也应用she；原句中主句时态为一般过去时，从句的时态为一般将来时，变间接引语时，从句应用过去将来时，其结构为“would do sth.”。故填she；would。 22．The teacher said, “I will visit your hometown next year.” (改为间接引语) The teacher said that visit our hometown the next year. 【答案】 she/he would 【详解】句意：老师说：“我明年会去参观你们的家乡。”改为间接引语，原句是直接引语，改为间接引语时，要调整人称和时态：第一人称“I”要对应主句主语“the teacher”改为“she/he”，一般将来时“will+动词原形”要改为过去将来时“would+动词原形”。故填she/he；would。 23．“Is this your bag?” the policeman asked me.（改为间接引语） The policeman asked me that was bag. 【答案】 whether/if my 【详解】句意：警察问我是否那是我的包。第一空：在将直接引语“Is this your bag?”（这是你的包吗？）改为间接引语时，这是一个一般疑问句，通常用whether或if来引导宾语从句，表示“是否”的意思，所以第一空填whether/if。第二空：在间接引语中，因为是对“我”说的，所以要用第一人称“my”来修饰“bag”，故第二空填my。故填whether/if；my。 24．“The van reaches 50 communities monthly,” the nurse explained. (改为间接引语) 【答案】The nurse explained that the van reached 50 communities monthly. 【详解】句意：“这辆厢式车每月会抵达50个社区，” 护士解释道。直接引语是陈述句，间接引语用“that”引导； 主句谓语“explained”是一般过去时，直接引语中的一般现在时“reaches”需呼应为一般过去时“reached”； 时间状语“monthly”是频率副词，无需改变。故填The nurse explained that the van reached 50 communities monthly. 25．John asked Damin, “Will there be any young cormorant fishermen in the future?”（改为间接引语） John asked Damin there be any young cormorant fishermen in the future. 【答案】 whether/if would 【详解】句意：约翰问大明：“未来会有年轻的鸬鹚渔民吗？”。本句是直接引语变间接引语，原直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时，需用whether或if引导宾语从句，同时将疑问语序调整为陈述语序；主句谓语asked是一般过去时，直接引语中的一般将来时will需对应变为过去将来时would。故填whether/if；would。 26．“I live with my family,” he says. (改为间接引语) He says that with his family. 【答案】 he lives 【详解】句意：他说：“我和我的家人住在一起。”原句为直接引语，在改为间接引语时，直接引语中的第一人称“I”要随着主句的主语“he”进行变化，变为“he”；同时，因为主句“He says”是一般现在时，且间接引语所表达的内容是客观事实，所以时态保持一般现在时不变，谓语动词“live”要根据主语“he”变为第三人称单数形式“lives”。故填he；lives。 27．“I love my home very much,” she said. (改为间接引语) She said that her home very much. 【答案】 she loved 【详解】句意：她说：“我非常爱我的家。”直接引语为陈述句，改为间接引语要用that引导宾语从句，从句主语“I”变为she，主句为过去时，从句时态也用过去时，love变为loved。故填she；loved。 28．数学考试不及格时，我真的感到很难过。 When I failed the math test, I really . 【答案】 felt upset/blue/sad 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“感到难过”，英文为“feel upset/blue/sad”。根据“failed”可知，时态为一般过去时，故填felt；upset/blue/sad。 29．你还好吗？你看起来很累。 you all right? You tired. 【答案】 Are look 【详解】对比中英文可知，第一空缺少be动词，主语是you，时态为一般现在时，be动词用are，句首字母要大写；第二空缺谓语动词，应填look“看起来”，主语是you，时态为一般现在时，所以谓语用动词原形。故填Are；look。 30．这种牛奶喝起来很新鲜。 This kind of milk very . 【答案】 tastes fresh 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，英文句子缺少“喝起来”和“新鲜”。此处用系动词taste表示“喝起来”，结合语境可知，应用一般现在时，主语“This kind of milk”表示单数，所以第一空应填taste的第三人称单数形式tastes；形容词fresh意为“新鲜的”，在句中作表语。故填tastes；fresh。 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文和括号内提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内词语的正确形式。 People all like to make such big plans: we will get up earlier, exercise more, and eat more 1 (health). We start strong. But 2 few weeks later, we may find that our willpower weakens. When we hear our morning jog alarm, we may think it is too early 3 (get) up. We hit snooze (贪睡按钮), once, 4 (two), then three times. Finally, we fail 5 (keep) resolutions. Scientists who study self-control give us some 6 (advice). To stick 7 our goals, one of the best ways is called “situation change”. Are you worried about not being able 8 (fight) temptations (诱惑)? Well, it’s better to avoid them in the first place. For example, dieters should take all sugary foods away from their kitchens. Besides, we need to pay close attention to the people around us as they greatly influence our behavior. Making decisions 9 (wise) and choosing our companions (同伴) thoughtfully can further strengthen our determination (决心). Lastly, when you make new plans now, consider joining a group. 10 (form) a running group with friends is also advisable. Being with like-minded people can help us become the best of ourselves. 【答案】 1．healthily 2．a 3．to get 4．twice 5．to keep 6．advice 7．to 8．to fight 9．wisely 10．Forming 【导语】本文先指出人们常制定积极计划却因意志力薄弱难以坚持的问题，随后结合自我控制领域科学家的建议，介绍了“改变情境 (避开诱惑)、谨慎选择同伴、加入目标群体”等帮助坚持目标的方法，旨在指导人们如何强化决心、更好地完成计划。 1．句意：人们都喜欢制定这样的宏伟计划：我们要早起、多锻炼、并且吃得更健康。 空处需要一个副词修饰动词eat，名词health的副词形式是healthily。故填healthily。 2．句意：但几周后，我们可能会发现自己的意志力变弱了。a few意为“几个；一些”，后跟可数名词复数，固定搭配。故填a。 3．句意：当我们听到晨跑的闹钟时，可能会觉得太早了而起不来。too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，固定搭配。故填to get。 4．句意：我们按下贪睡按钮，一次、两次、然后三次。此处需要和once，three times并列，表示次数，two对应的表示“两次”的单词是twice。故填twice。 5．句意：最后，我们没能坚持自己的决心。fail to do sth.意为“未能做某事、做某事失败”，固定搭配。故填to keep。 6．句意：研究自控力的科学家给了我们一些建议。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，因此直接使用原形advice。故填advice。 7．句意：要坚持我们的目标，最好的方法之一叫做“情境改变”。stick to意为“坚持(原则、计划、目标等)”，固定搭配。故填to。 8．句意：你担心无法抵抗诱惑吗？be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”，固定搭配。故填to fight。 9．句意：明智地做决定、慎重地选择同伴，能进一步坚定我们的决心。空处需要一个副词修饰动词“Making”，形容词wise的副词形式是wisely。故填wisely。 10．句意：和朋友们组建一个跑步小组也是个明智的做法。 动词作主语用-ing形式，form的动名词形式是forming，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Forming。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 It’s amazing that Jia Zijun, from Henan, went to the university at the age of 14. He became the 1 (young) freshman at Beihang University. “I didn’t know that until I got here, and it feels quite cool!” Jia said. Jia took the college entrance exam and got a total score of 642. People often think students like him must be 2 (true) smart. But Jia believes his success is from curiosity (好奇心) and study habits. As he went to high school, he found things were getting 3 (hard) to learn. So he started to make plans every day 4 (get) prepared ahead. Jia would also review what he learned each day before 5 (go) to bed. If there was something he couldn’t remember well, he’d take a look at it the next morning. “I did not do well 6 English in high school, so I printed the vocabulary list and stuck (粘贴) it onto my bed. Every morning when I woke up, I looked through them, and it was a good way.” When Jia 7 (feel) stressed, he had a special way to relax: working on math problems. “I’d find difficult problems to challenge 8 (me), and when I worked it out, I felt really happy.” He also exercises 9 (two) a day. He told the reporter that he hopes he can keep his curiosity and study habits in university, which makes a big 10 (different) to his life. 【答案】 1．youngest 2．truly 3．harder 4．to get 5．going 6．in 7．felt 8．myself 9．twice 10．difference 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了河南少年贾子君14岁考入北京航空航天大学的故事，介绍了他成功的学习方法和习惯。 1．句意：他成为了北京航空航天大学最年轻的新生。根据“at Beihang University.”以及“the”可知，此处含有最高级的含义，用最高级形式youngest。故填youngest。 2．句意：人们通常认为像他这样的学生一定非常聪明。smart是形容词，需用副词truly修饰。故填truly。 3．句意：当他上高中时，他发现东西变得更难学了。结合语境，此处指上高中后与之前对比，用比较级形式harder。故填harder。 4．句意：所以他开始每天制定计划，提前做好准备。根据“So he started to make plans every day…prepared ahead.”的语境可知，此处指制定计划的目的，用不定式to get表示目的。故填to get。 5．句意：贾还会在睡觉前复习每天学到的东西。before为介词，介词后接动词需用动名词形式，go的动名词为going。故填going。 6．句意：我高中时英语学得不好，于是我把词汇表打印出来，贴在床上。固定搭配do well in 意为“在……方面做得好”。故填in。 7．句意：当贾感到压力时，他有一个特别的放松方式：做数学题。此处指过去的事情，用过去式felt。故填felt。 8．句意：我会找难题来挑战自己，当我把它们计算出来时，我感到非常高兴。主语为I，此处表“挑战自己”，需用反身代词myself。故填myself。 9．句意：他还每天锻炼两次。此处表示频率，用twice。故填twice。 10．句意：他告诉记者，他希望自己能在大学里保持好奇心和学习习惯，这对他的生活有很大的影响。固定搭配make a difference意为“有影响；起作用”。故填difference。 题型二 阅读理解 阅读表格，选择最佳答案。 Habits People Be outgoing I am an outgoing person. I do the right things, though no one asks me to do them. For example, I exercise twice a week. —Tom Study first, then play I spend my time on right things. I say no to things I should not do. I study first. And then I exercise and play games to relax. —Jane Think for others I do not do bad things to others. I think the best way to keep friendship is thinking for others. —Bill Listen before you talk I listen to people’s ideas and feelings. I try to think about things in their ways. I listen to others and don’t stop their talking. I look at people when I’m talking with them. —Tina Getting together is better I think people’s advice is important. I can learn from it. I work well in groups. I need their help when I meet big problems. I can get better ideas when working with others. —Dave 1．How often does Tom exercise? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Once a month. D．Twice a month. 2．What is the best way for Bill to keep friendship? A．Being active. B．Studying first. C．Thinking for others. D．Getting together. 3．Tina ________ before she talks. A．thinks for a long time B．looks at the person C．stops others’ talking D．listens to others 4．Why does Dave think getting together is better? A．Because he always has problems. B．Because he likes to play with others. C．Because he always needs help from others. D．Because he can get better ideas. 5．Where is the passage probably from? A．An English dictionary.B．A school magazine.C．A student’s diary. D．A movie poster. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文介绍汤姆、简等五人各自的不同习惯，展现了他们在生活、学习和待人处事方面的特点。 1．细节理解题。根据“Be outgoing”以及“I exercise twice a week.—Tom”可知，汤姆每周锻炼两次，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Think for others”以及“I think the best way to keep friendship is thinking for others.—Bill”可知，比尔认为维持友谊的最好方式是为别人着想，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Listen before you talk”以及“I listen to people’s ideas and feelings.—Tina”可知，蒂娜说话前会先倾听他人的想法和感受，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Getting together is better”以及“I can get better ideas when working with others.—Dave”可知，戴夫认为一起合作更好是因为能得到更好的主意，故选D。 5．推理判断题。文章介绍了五名学生的不同习惯，这类内容通常会出现在校园杂志上，故选B。 What do you know about yourself? Do you want me to tell you about it? When I was about 12, I had an “enemy”, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings (缺点) sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn’t a good student; sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with (忍受) her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, “Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didn’t you ever wonder what you’re really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.” I did as he told me and to my surprise, I found that about half the things were true. I brought the list back to my dad. ________ “That’s just for you,” he said. “You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. When something said about you is true, you’ll find it will be helpful to you. Don’t close your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right. I often think of that thing. In our life, we often meet with some trouble, and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure (珍惜) all your life! 1．How did the writer feel when the “enemy” pointed out her shortcomings? A．Happy. B．Angry. C．Lonely. D．Surprised. 2．What did the writer’s father do after he heard her complaints (抱怨)? A．He agreed with her “enemy”. B．He let her continue to put up with her “enemy”. C．He told her to write down all her “enemy” had said about her. D．He told her not to pay attention to what her “enemy” had said. 3．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. A．He refused (拒绝) to take it. B．My mother told me not to be too angry. C．I seldom made a big mistake. D．My father is the only one who knows me best. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．The “enemy” thought the writer was pretty. B．The “enemy” thought the writer studied hard. C．The writer and her “enemy” became best friends at last. D．The writer is thankful to her father. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者因“敌人”的批评而生气，向父亲求助，父亲让作者对此列一个清单，看看哪些批评是正确的，哪些是错误的，作者学会了自我反省和听取建设性批评的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第2段“When I was about 12, I had an ‘enemy’, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings... At last, I became very angry.”可知，作者对“敌人”的批评非常生气。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第3段“Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.”可知，在听了玛丽的诉说后，作者父亲让她列出“敌人”说的一切，并标记出正确的观点，不要理会她说的其他内容。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“That’s just for you”可推测，父亲没要这张清单。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，玛丽在父亲的帮助下学会了正确审视自己，可推测她很感谢父亲。故选D。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段统领全文，通过提问的方式引入故事的主题；二、三、四段讲述了故事发生的经过；最后一段对全文进行了总结，为“总分总”结构，故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Making Choices 核心语法精练（ 直接引语，间接引语和感官动词） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 语法填空 9 题型二 阅读理解 11 感官动词用法详解 感官动词是表示人体感官动作的词，中考核心考查 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 这五个词，以及 see, hear, watch, notice, observe 等词的特殊用法，具体可分为两类讲解： 一、 第一类：表“感官系动词”（look/sound/smell/taste/feel） 这类词后接形容词作表语，构成 “主语 + 感官系动词 + 形容词” 结构，用来描述人或事物的性质、状态，不能接副词。 1. look（看起来） 例句：The flowers look beautiful in the garden.（花园里的花看起来很美。） 易错点：不能说 look beautifully，beautiful 是形容词，描述花的状态。 2. sound（听起来） 例句：Your idea sounds great. Let’s try it.（你的主意听起来很棒，我们试试吧。） 3. smell（闻起来） 例句：The cake smells delicious. I can’t wait to eat it.（蛋糕闻起来很香，我迫不及待想吃了。） 4. taste（尝起来） 例句：This orange tastes sweet. It’s from my grandma’s garden.（这个橙子尝起来很甜，是奶奶家果园里的。） 5. feel（摸起来；感觉） 表“摸起来”：The silk feels soft and smooth.（丝绸摸起来柔软顺滑。） 表“感觉”（主语为人）：I feel tired after the long walk.（长途步行后我感觉很累。） 二、 第二类：表“感官实义动词”（see/hear/watch/notice/observe） 这类词后接名词或代词作宾语，还可接两种宾语补足语结构，中考高频考查这两种结构的区别： 结构1：感官实义动词 + sb./sth. + do sth.（省略 to 的不定式） 表示看到/听到/注意到动作的全过程，或经常性、习惯性的动作。 例句1：I saw him cross the street yesterday.（我昨天看见他穿过了马路。→ 看到过马路的全过程） 例句2：We often hear her sing in the park.（我们经常听到她在公园里唱歌。→ 经常性动作） 结构2：感官实义动词 + sb./sth. + doing sth.（动名词） 表示看到/听到/注意到动作正在进行，强调动作的“正在进行中”。 例句1：When I passed the classroom, I heard her singing an English song.（我路过教室时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌。→ 唱歌的动作正在发生） 例句2：They noticed a boy crying under the tree.（他们注意到一个男孩正在树下哭。→ 哭的动作正在进行） 直接引语和间接引语 一、 基本概念 1. 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，需用引号标注，保留原句的时态、人称、标点和语序。 例句：She said, “I will go to Beijing tomorrow.”（她说：“我明天要去北京。”） 2. 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号，需根据转述语境调整时态、人称、时间/地点状语、语序。 例句：She said that she would go to Beijing the next day.（她说她第二天要去北京。） 二、核心转换规则详解 变化要素 直接引语 → 间接引语规则 直接引语例句 间接引语例句 人称 根据主句主语和语境灵活调整。一随主，二随宾，三不变是基本原则。 Tom said, “I like my book.” Tom said he liked his book. 时态 主句为过去时，引语时态需“后退一步”。 She said, “I am reading.” “…I have finished.” “…I will go.” She said she was reading. She said she had finished. She said she would go. 指示词/状语 this/these → that/those； now → then；today → that day；tomorrow → the next day；here → there等。 He said, “I’ll do this here now.” He said he would do that there then. 句型与语序 1. 陈述句：加 that（口语可省）。 2. 一般疑问句：用 if/whether，语序变回陈述句。 3. 特殊疑问句：保留疑问词，语序变回陈述句。 4. 祈使句：改为 ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do。 陈述句： “It is true.” 疑问句： “Are you sure?” 特殊问句： “Where do you live?” 祈使句： “Open the door.” He said (that) it was true. He asked if I was sure. He asked where I lived. He told me to open the door. 一、单项选择 1．I called him just now but the signal was bad. He only repeated saying “ ________ .” A．he can’t hear you clearly B．I can’t hear you clearly C．he couldn’t hear you clearly D．I couldn’t hear you clearly 2．Transform the following direct speech into indirect speech: “Have you seen him since yesterday morning?” Michael said to me. A．Michael said to me if I had seen him since yesterday morning. B．Michael wondered if I had seen him or not since yesterday morning. C．Michael asked me whether I had seen him since the previous morning. D．Michael inquired whether we would have seen him since the morning before. 3．If someone says, “I want to finish this job today, ” how would you report this in indirect speech? A．He said he wants to finish that job today. B．He said that he wanted to finish this job today. C．He said he wanted to finish that job that day. D．He said that he had wanted to finish this job today. 4．He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He ________ very naughty. A．said his mother that the boy was B．said to his mother that the boy is C．told his mother that the boy was D．spoke to his mother that the boy was 5．He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked________. A．how am I getting along B．how are you getting along C．how I was getting along D．how was I getting along 6．“Helen, I will come this morning,” John said. →John ________. A．told Helen he will come this morning B．said to Helen I would go that morning C．said Helen he would come that morning D．told Helen he would go that morning 7．The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east?” The teacher asked her ________ the sun ________ in the east. A．if; rise B．if; rises C．whether; rose D．whether did; rise 8．Black asked me, “Why haven’t you left here yet?” Black asked me why ________ yet. A．I hadn’t left there B．I haven’t left here C．hadn’t I left there D．haven’t I left here 9．Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where ________ holidays. A．she spent her B．you spend your C．she spend her D．you spent your 10．Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr. Black said that ________ a long way ________. A．I had walked; last week B．he had walked; that week C．I walked; last week D．he has walked; this week 11．—How was the food here? —Everything ______ really good! A．tasted B．sounded C．heard D．felt 12．The dish ________ nice but ________ very terrible. A．looks; tastes B．looks; sounds C．smells; sounds D．tastes; looks 13．The bread has gone bad. It ________ terrible. A．looks B．sounds C．tastes D．smells 14．This kind of fruit ________ good. I’d like to have more. A．sounds B．tastes C．looks D．smells 15．— What’s in the box? — I don’t know. It ________ strange. A．tastes B．looks C．feels D．smells 16．The music ________ wonderful. I enjoy it very much. A．feels B．looks C．sounds D．tastes 17．The food in that restaurant ________ really good. Many people like eating there. A．tastes B．tastes like C．taste D．taste like 18．The warm milk ______ delicious and helps me feel relaxed before bed. A．tastes B．smells C．sounds D．looks 19．Mum is cooking in the kitchen. It ________ so good that I can’t wait to eat it. A．sounds B．feels C．smells D．tastes 20．The movie about space travel ________ really interesting. Many students watched it. A．tastes B．seems C．feels D．smells 二、完成句子 21．She said, “I will go to Suihua next month.” (改为间接引语) She said that go to Suihua the next month. 22．The teacher said, “I will visit your hometown next year.” (改为间接引语) The teacher said that visit our hometown the next year. 23．“Is this your bag?” the policeman asked me.（改为间接引语） The policeman asked me that was bag. 24．“The van reaches 50 communities monthly,” the nurse explained. (改为间接引语) 25．John asked Damin, “Will there be any young cormorant fishermen in the future?”（改为间接引语） John asked Damin there be any young cormorant fishermen in the future. 26．“I live with my family,” he says. (改为间接引语) He says that with his family. 27．“I love my home very much,” she said. (改为间接引语) She said that her home very much. 28．数学考试不及格时，我真的感到很难过。 When I failed the math test, I really . 29．你还好吗？你看起来很累。 you all right? You tired. 30．这种牛奶喝起来很新鲜。 This kind of milk very . 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文和括号内提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内词语的正确形式。 People all like to make such big plans: we will get up earlier, exercise more, and eat more 1 (health). We start strong. But 2 few weeks later, we may find that our willpower weakens. When we hear our morning jog alarm, we may think it is too early 3 (get) up. We hit snooze (贪睡按钮), once, 4 (two), then three times. Finally, we fail 5 (keep) resolutions. Scientists who study self-control give us some 6 (advice). To stick 7 our goals, one of the best ways is called “situation change”. Are you worried about not being able 8 (fight) temptations (诱惑)? Well, it’s better to avoid them in the first place. For example, dieters should take all sugary foods away from their kitchens. Besides, we need to pay close attention to the people around us as they greatly influence our behavior. Making decisions 9 (wise) and choosing our companions (同伴) thoughtfully can further strengthen our determination (决心). Lastly, when you make new plans now, consider joining a group. 10 (form) a running group with friends is also advisable. Being with like-minded people can help us become the best of ourselves. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 It’s amazing that Jia Zijun, from Henan, went to the university at the age of 14. He became the 1 (young) freshman at Beihang University. “I didn’t know that until I got here, and it feels quite cool!” Jia said. Jia took the college entrance exam and got a total score of 642. People often think students like him must be 2 (true) smart. But Jia believes his success is from curiosity (好奇心) and study habits. As he went to high school, he found things were getting 3 (hard) to learn. So he started to make plans every day 4 (get) prepared ahead. Jia would also review what he learned each day before 5 (go) to bed. If there was something he couldn’t remember well, he’d take a look at it the next morning. “I did not do well 6 English in high school, so I printed the vocabulary list and stuck (粘贴) it onto my bed. Every morning when I woke up, I looked through them, and it was a good way.” When Jia 7 (feel) stressed, he had a special way to relax: working on math problems. “I’d find difficult problems to challenge 8 (me), and when I worked it out, I felt really happy.” He also exercises 9 (two) a day. He told the reporter that he hopes he can keep his curiosity and study habits in university, which makes a big 10 (different) to his life. 题型二 阅读理解 阅读表格，选择最佳答案。 Habits People Be outgoing I am an outgoing person. I do the right things, though no one asks me to do them. For example, I exercise twice a week. —Tom Study first, then play I spend my time on right things. I say no to things I should not do. I study first. And then I exercise and play games to relax. —Jane Think for others I do not do bad things to others. I think the best way to keep friendship is thinking for others. —Bill Listen before you talk I listen to people’s ideas and feelings. I try to think about things in their ways. I listen to others and don’t stop their talking. I look at people when I’m talking with them. —Tina Getting together is better I think people’s advice is important. I can learn from it. I work well in groups. I need their help when I meet big problems. I can get better ideas when working with others. —Dave 1．How often does Tom exercise? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Once a month. D．Twice a month. 2．What is the best way for Bill to keep friendship? A．Being active. B．Studying first. C．Thinking for others. D．Getting together. 3．Tina ________ before she talks. A．thinks for a long time B．looks at the person C．stops others’ talking D．listens to others 4．Why does Dave think getting together is better? A．Because he always has problems. B．Because he likes to play with others. C．Because he always needs help from others. D．Because he can get better ideas. 5．Where is the passage probably from? A．An English dictionary.B．A school magazine.C．A student’s diary. D．A movie poster. What do you know about yourself? Do you want me to tell you about it? When I was about 12, I had an “enemy”, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings (缺点) sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn’t a good student; sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with (忍受) her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, “Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didn’t you ever wonder what you’re really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.” I did as he told me and to my surprise, I found that about half the things were true. I brought the list back to my dad. ________ “That’s just for you,” he said. “You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. When something said about you is true, you’ll find it will be helpful to you. Don’t close your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right. I often think of that thing. In our life, we often meet with some trouble, and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure (珍惜) all your life! 1．How did the writer feel when the “enemy” pointed out her shortcomings? A．Happy. B．Angry. C．Lonely. D．Surprised. 2．What did the writer’s father do after he heard her complaints (抱怨)? A．He agreed with her “enemy”. B．He let her continue to put up with her “enemy”. C．He told her to write down all her “enemy” had said about her. D．He told her not to pay attention to what her “enemy” had said. 3．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. A．He refused (拒绝) to take it. B．My mother told me not to be too angry. C．I seldom made a big mistake. D．My father is the only one who knows me best. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．The “enemy” thought the writer was pretty. B．The “enemy” thought the writer studied hard. C．The writer and her “enemy” became best friends at last. D．The writer is thankful to her father. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $