Unit 7 Charities 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

Unit 7 Charities 核心语法精练（一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 7 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 三、完成句子 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空 11 题型二 阅读理解 12 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 1、 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak English. 2、被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：English is spoken by many people. 3、主动句和被动句的对比： 例如：He opened the door. 他开了门。(主动句)        The door was opened. 门被开了。(被动句) 4、被动语态的构成    被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 一般过去时的被动语态句子结构 肯定句 主语+was/were+过去分词 Jim was told to come early.吉姆被告知早来。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+过去分词 The rice was eaten by the boy this noon.米饭中午被这个男孩吃了。 一般疑问句 was/were+主语+过去分词 Were you asked to go home on time?你被要求按时回家了吗？ 一般现在时的被动语态的句型结构 (1)肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 The desk is made by him,这张桌子是他做的。 (2)否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他, The desk isn't made by him.这张桌子不是他做的。 (3)一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他做的吗? (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Where is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他在哪儿做的? 一、单项选择 1．Digital payment ________ widely in our daily life now—almost everyone uses it. A．uses B．is used C．used D．was used 【答案】B 【详解】句意：数字支付在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用——几乎每个人都使用它。 考查被动语态和现在时态。uses使用，一般现在时态，主动语态；is used一般现在时态，被动语态；used一般过去时态，主动语态；was used一般过去时态，被动语态。根据主语“Digital payment”，可知其为单数，且由“now”可知为现在时，需用现在时的被动语态“is used”。故选B。 2．The park ________ with colorful flowers in spring. It looks really beautiful. A．covers B．covered C．is covered D．was covered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：公园在春天被五颜六色的花覆盖，看起来很漂亮。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。covers覆盖，动词单三；covered过去分词；is covered一般现在时的被动语态；was covered一般过去时的被动语态。根据“The park...with colorful flowers”并结合选项可知，主语“park”与谓语动词之间是被动关系，表示公园被花覆盖，且句子描述一般情况，主语是单数名词，用一般现在时的被动语态“is covered”。故选C。 3．The school rules ________ to keep students safe and help them focus on studying. A．make B．are made C．made D．were made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学校规则被制定来确保学生安全和帮助他们专注于学习。 考查被动语态。根据“The school rules…to keep students safe and help them focus on studying.”可知，主语school rules是动作的承受者，需用被动语态，be+过去分词，且句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故选B。 4．Make sure your phone is ________ the Wi-Fi. A．connect with B．connected to C．connect to D．connected with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：确保你的手机连接到Wi-Fi。 考查被动语态和固定搭配。connect with与……联系，动词原形，不符合语法；connected to连接到，为固定短语，常用于设备与网络的连接；connect to连接到，动词原形，不能用于be动词后；connected with与……连接，多用于抽象关系，不适用于网络连接场景。根据“Make sure your phone is...the Wi-Fi.”可知，此处表示手机“被连接”，“is”后需接过去分词表示被动状态，故选B。 5．Many tourists ________ the small town because of its beautiful environment. A．is drawn to B．are drawn to C．are draw to D．is draw to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多游客被吸引到这个小城镇，因为它的美丽环境。 考查主谓一致和被动语态。此处表示“游客被吸引”，因此需用一般现在时的被动语态结构（be+done），主语“Many tourists”为复数名词，需用复数be动词“are”；“drawn”是draw的过去分词，构成被动语态“be drawn to”（被吸引）。故选B。 6．The blind ________ to take guide dogs into more public places. It’s really helpful. A．allow B．are allowed C．allowed D．were allowed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：盲人被允许带导盲犬进入更多公共场所，这真的很有帮助。 考查被动语态。，主语“the blind”与动词“allow”之间是被动关系，且句子描述的是现在的一般情况，需用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 7．Usually before exams, the students ________ two minutes to write down their names. A．were given B．will be given C．gave D．are given 【答案】D 【详解】句意：通常在考试前，学生有两分钟时间写下他们的名字。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。usually“通常”，常与一般现在时连用，主语“the students”为复数人称，并且句子表达学生被给两分钟时间写名字，应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“be done”，be动词用are。故选D。 8．The plants ________ well in my neighbourhood. They make our environment greener. A．protect B．protected C．were protected D．are protected 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我小区附近的植物被保护得很好。它们使我们的环境更加环保。 考查时态和语态。主语The plants和谓语protect之间是被动关系，根据“make...”可知此处表示现在的情况，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done。故选D。 9．With the help of Project Hope, many schools ________ in poor areas each year. A．is built B．are built C．was built D．will be built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在希望工程的帮助下，在贫困地区每年都有许多学校建立。 考查动词语态。根据“each year”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，可排除C、D两项；schools是动词build的受动者，需用“be done”被动语态结构，主语为名词复数，be动词用are，build的过去分词为built。故选B。 10．If the science story ________ into English, it will be popular around the world. A．will be translated B．is translated C．translated D．was translated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果这个科学故事被翻译成英语，它将在世界各地流行。 考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，主语“the science story”和谓语“translate”之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，故应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选B。 11．The scientist __________ to explain the invention at the fair yesterday. A．invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这位科学家昨天在展览会上被邀请去解释这个发明。 考查时态和被动语态。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知动作发生在过去，且主语“the scientist”是“邀请”动作的承受者，需用一般过去时的被动语态，D选项符合，故选D。 12．The shared bike system __________ by a young company last year. A．is developed B．was developed C．developed D．develops 【答案】B 【详解】句意：共享单车系统是去年由一家年轻的公司开发的。 考查被动语态。is developed被开发，一般现在时的被动；was developed被开发，一般过去时的被动；developed(被)开发，过去式/过去分词；develops开发，一般现在时。主语“The shared bike system”和谓语动词develop之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态be developed；再根据“last year”可知，应使用一般过去时，且主语为单数可数名词，结合题目空处应填was developed。故选B。 13．The movie________ by a famous director last year. A．is directed B．directed C．was directed D．directs 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这部电影是去年由一位著名导演执导的。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据“last year”可知，该句需要用过去时，且“movie”和“direct”是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态was directed。故选C。 14．The netizen’s story about following rules ________ by many people on social media last week. A．shares B．shared C．is shared D．was shared 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上周，这位网民关于遵守规则的故事在社交媒体上被许多人分享。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。shares三单形式；shared过去式；is shared一般现在时被动；was shared一般过去时被动。句子主语“story”与动词“share”之间为被动关系，时间状语“last week”表示过去，需用被动语态的过去式。故选D。 15．Potatoes ________ to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it. A．took B．have taken C．will be taken D．were taken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：马铃薯在16世纪被带到欧洲，很快在欧洲各地得到了广泛的应用。 考查动词时态及语态。Potatoes与动词take之间是被动关系，即：马铃薯被带到欧洲；根据“in the 1500s”可知，时态是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were done。故选D。 16．Because of the heavy rainstorm, visitors in Qingdao ________ to stay away from the beach yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于暴雨，青岛的游客昨天被警告远离海滩。 考查被动语态和时态。根据“visitors in Qingdao...to stay away from the beach yesterday”可知，此处为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+动词过去分词，主语visitors是复数，be动词用were。故选C。 17．Luckily a little monkey ________ by some kind visitors yesterday. A．is saved B．was saved C．will be saved D．has been saved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：幸运的是，一只小猴子昨天被一些好心的游客救了。 考查动词时态。分析句子，主语“a little monkey”与谓语动词save之间是被动关系，又根据句中的时间状语“yesterday”可知，本句用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故选B。 18．Tea, one of the most popular drinks, ________ by accident in China. A．discovered B．is discovered C．will be discovered D．was discovered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：茶，最受欢迎的饮料之一，是在中国被偶然发现的。 考查时态和语态。主语Tea和谓语discover之间是被动关系，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 19．An old woman ________ in a tall building after the earthquake happened. A．trapped B．had trapped C．was trapped D．traps 【答案】C 【详解】句意：地震发生后，一位老妇人被困在一栋高楼里。 考查一般过去时被动语态。根据“An old woman … in a tall building”可知，老妇人是被困在楼里，结合“happened”可知，此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选C。 20．Those pictures ________ on the wall by Tom yesterday after school. A．hangs B．hanged C．were hanged D．were hung 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那些画是汤姆昨天放学后挂在墙上的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Those pictures… on the wall by Tom”可知，应该说画被挂在墙上，结合“yesterday after school.”可知，该句是一般过去时，因此设空处是一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为“be done”，当“hang”表示“悬挂”时，其过去式和过去分词都是“hung”，故选D。 二、单词拼写 21．The painting is (hang) on the wall above the sofa. 【答案】hung 【详解】句意：这幅画挂在沙发上方的墙上。此处主语“The painting”和“hang”是被动关系（画是 “被悬挂” 在墙上），应用被动语态，此处应用过去分词hung。故填hung。 22． (give) more time, we will be able to do it better. 【答案】Given 【详解】句意：如果给我们更多时间，我们将能够把它做得更好。“we will be able to do it better”（我们将能够把它做得更好）这个结果是在“有更多时间”这个条件下产生的，“Given more time”是“If we are given more time”的省略形式，在句中作条件状语，表示“如果给予更多时间”，符合句子逻辑。故填Given。 23．Most of his time (spend) playing games. 【答案】is spent 【详解】句意：他大部分时间都花在玩游戏上了。主语“Most of his time”与动词“spend”之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。且此句是陈述事实，用一般现在时被动语态，“time”是不可数名词，助动词用is，spend的过去分词是spent，故填is spent。 24．Mars (call) the “Red Planet” because of its red-colored surface. 【答案】is called 【详解】句意：火星因为其红色的表面被称为“红色星球”。call“称呼”，主语Mars和动词call之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，Mars是单数，故填is called。 25．They are (divide) into two groups to clean the classroom. 【答案】divided 【详解】句意：他们被分成两组来打扫教室。分析句子可知，此处主语“They”和动词“divide”之间是被动关系，即“他们被划分”，所以用被动语态“be+过去分词”结构，divide的过去分词是divided，故填divided。 26．My little brother was (glue) to the TV all Saturday morning watching cartoons. 【答案】glued 【详解】句意：整个星期六上午，我弟弟都目不转睛地盯着电视看卡通片。根据“My little brother was…to the TV”可知，考查be glued to sth固定搭配，表示“全神贯注于某物”或“像被粘住一样一动不动”，常用于描述专注的状态，需要将“glue”变为过去分词形式“glued”，故填glued。 27．My little sister was (bear) on a warm spring morning, and everyone in the family was happy. 【答案】born 【详解】句意：我的小妹妹出生在一个温暖的春天的早晨，家里的每个人都很开心。bear“生育（孩子）”，动词，此处是固定表达be born“出生于”，bear应用过去分词born。故填born。 28．The house was (hide) from sight behind some trees. 【答案】hidden 【详解】句意：这座房子被一些树遮挡，看不见了。主语“The house”和“hide”是被动的关系，即房子“被遮挡”。被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，hide要用过去分词hidden。故填hidden。 29．Air and water are seriously (pollute) in this area because of the factories nearby. 【答案】polluted 【详解】句意：由于附近的工厂，这个地区的空气和水被严重污染了。根据“Air and water are seriously...”以及英文提示可知，此处主语“Air and water”与动词“pollute”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构为“be + 过去分词”。pollute的过去分词是polluted。故填polluted。 30．Luckily, Mr. Li (send) to the hospital in time yesterday and he’s better now. 【答案】was sent 【详解】句意：幸运的是，李先生昨天及时被送到医院，现在好多了。Mr. Li与send之间是被动关系，李先生被送往医院，故为被动语态。根据“yesterday”可知，时态是一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were done，主语是Mr. Li，be动词用was。故填was sent。 三、完成句子 31．骆驼被认为是沙漠之舟。 The camel is the ship of the desert. 【答案】 regarded as 【详解】be regarded as是固定短语，意为“被认为是……”，与所给中文意思相符。故填regarded；as。 32．如今，在许多餐厅里，手机可以轻松连接无线网络。 Mobile phones can Wi-Fi easily in many restaurants now. 【答案】 be connected to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“连接”。“连接”译为“connect to”。主语“Mobile phones”与动词“connect”构成被动关系，表示“被连接”，故用被动语态。情态动词“can”后接动词原形“be”。故填be；connected；to。 33．现今，许多电子产品都是在中国制造的。 Today, many electronic products . 【答案】are made in China 【详解】make“制造”，“电子产品”与“制造”之间是被动关系，因此需用被动语态，结构为“be + 过去分词”。根据“Today”可知，此处用一般现在时；主语“many electronic products”是复数，be动词用“are”；“make”的过去分词是“made”；in China“在中国”，作地点状语。故填are made in China。 34．喝绿茶被认为有很多益处。 Drinking green tea have many benefits. 【答案】 is believed to 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表示“被认为”，用被动语态结构“be believed to do sth.”，句子主语为“Drinking green tea”，是单数形式，且描述一般事实，时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。故填is；believed；to。 35．许多外国学生被剪纸的传统技艺所吸引。 Lots of foreign students by the traditional skill of paper cutting. 【答案】are attracted 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处应填短语be attracted by“被……吸引”；此处描述的是客观事实或普遍现象，因此使用一般现在时，主语“Lots of foreign students”为复数，be动词用are。故填are attracted。 36．咖啡是什么时候传入英国的？ When was coffee Britain? 【答案】 introduced into 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，句子缺少了“传入”的翻译，这里表示咖啡被传入英国，使用“introduce...into...”结构，意为“把……引入……”，主语coffee与动词introduce之间是动宾关系，且动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词”该句为特殊疑问句，句中已有was，introduce的过去分词为introduced，故填introduced；into。 37．一觉醒来，我发现万物皆被厚厚的白雪覆盖。 When I woke up, I found everything snow. 【答案】(was) covered with thick white 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“被厚厚的白（雪）覆盖”。cover…with(in)…“用……覆盖”。根据“found everything”可知，everything与found之间是被动关系，此处表达“被……覆盖”，谓语动词为found，考虑结构“found+宾语+宾语补足语”，cover用其过去分词形式covered，作everything宾语补足语；又因被动语态结构为“be+过去分词”，此句时态为一般过去时，主语为I，be动词用was，此处也可用was covered。根据“snow”可知，此处用thick white“厚厚的白（雪）”，thick属于描绘性形容词中的“程度”类，应放于表示“颜色”的形容词之前，修饰名词snow。故填(was) covered with thick white。 38．他被电力所吸引，对电的本质有着浓厚的好奇心。 He electricity and had a deep its nature. 【答案】 was drawn to curiosity about 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“被吸引”和“对……的好奇心”，“被吸引”的英文表达为be drawn to，根据句意可知时态是一般过去时，主语是He，be动词用was。“对……有浓厚的好奇心”译为“had a deep curiosity about...”。故填was；drawn；to；curiosity；about。 39．所以我在学校的各种社团里选定舞狮队。 So among all the clubs in our school, the lion dance team . 【答案】 was chosen by me 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“我选定了舞狮队”，动作是“选定”。英文句子主语是“the lion dance team”，因此需要用被动语态表达“舞狮队被我选定”，其结构为be done，因为主语the lion dance team是单数，结合语境可知，该句为一般过去时，be动词用was；chosen为过去分词，表示“被选定”。 by是介词，引出动作执行者；me是代词，表示“我”，为动作执行者。即the lion dance team was chosen by me。故填was；chosen；by；me。 40．捐赠活动的日期最终被定在了本周五下午。 Finally, the date for the donation event this Friday afternoon. 【答案】 was set for 【详解】据句意可知，此处表示“被定在”，用短语“be set for”，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，且主语“the date”是单数，所以be动词用过去式“was”。故填was；set；for。 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填上适当单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 UNICEF is a part of the United Nations. It 1 (set) up in Europe in 1946, after World War Ⅱ. At that time, many 2 (child) lives were changed because of the war, and UNICEF wanted 3 (help) them. UNICEF 4 (work) in over 190 countries and areas. It helps governments, 5 (community) and families make the world a better place for children. UNICEF wants all children to be 6 (health), so it provides them with clean water and food, and tries to prevent them from 7 (get) illnesses. UNICEF also believes that it is important for children to receive basic education, so it helps 8 (they) go to school. UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and 9 (organize) other activities. People can 10 (support) it by donating money or working as volunteers. 【答案】 1．was set 2．children’s 3．to help 4．works 5．communities 6．healthy 7．getting 8．them 9．organizing 10．support 【导语】本文主要介绍了联合国儿童基金会对儿童生活和教育方面的影响，并建议我们做一些志愿者工作。 1．句意：1946年，第二次世界大战后，该组织在欧洲成立。根据“up in Europe in 1946,”可知，该组织在欧洲被成立，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是it，因此be动词用was，set的过去分词为set。故填was set。 2．句意：当时，许多儿童的生活因战争而改变，联合国儿童基金会希望帮助他们。根据“many”可知，空处需用复数形式，修饰名词lives，需用所有格，child的复数为children，所有格为children’s。故填children’s。 3．句意：当时，许多儿童的生活因战争而改变，联合国儿童基金会希望帮助他们。want to do sth.“想去做某事”，help的动词不定式为to help。故填to help。 4．句意：联合国儿童基金会在190多个国家和地区开展工作。此处陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时，主语UNICEF为单数，因此谓语work用三单形式。故填works。 5．句意：它帮助政府、社区和家庭为儿童创造一个更美好的世界。根据“governments, ...(community) and families”可知，空处需用复数，community的复数为communities。故填communities。 6．句意：联合国儿童基金会希望所有儿童都健康，因此为他们提供清洁的水和食物，并试图防止他们生病。be后接形容词，作表语，health的形容词为healthy。故填healthy。 7．句意：联合国儿童基金会希望所有儿童都健康，因此为他们提供清洁的水和食物，并努力防止他们生病。介词from后需用动名词，get的动名词为getting。故填getting。 8．句意：联合国儿童基金会还认为，儿童接受基础教育很重要，因此帮助他们去上学。动词helps后跟人称代词的宾格，they的宾格代词为them。故填them。 9．句意：联合国儿童基金会通过出售圣诞卡和组织其他活动来筹集资金。空处应是动名词，与selling并列。故填organizing。 10．句意：人们可以通过捐款或做志愿者来支持它。情态动词can后跟动词原形support。故填support。 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。 I once worked as 1 volunteer at children’s hospital in South Africa. My job was to help make the kids feel happy during their stay. Sounds interesting, right? 2 some people can’t understand why I chose to do it. Let me tell you the reasons why I made this choice. The 3 (one) reason was to help people have a better future. In this big world, so many people need care. Take the children in the hospital where I worked, for example. They often felt lonely facing all the difficulties, 4 (especial) when their parents had other children to care for. So, why not try to help as many people as possible? Moreover, volunteering in Africa has allowed me 5 (feel) different parts of our planet. And I 6 (meet) people from different corners of the world. They had their own ideas, 7 (experience) and dreams. We shared amazing memories and learned 8 each other. It was really 9 (meaning) to be close to them. I hope to help even 10 (many) people in the future! 【答案】 1．a 2．But 3．first 4．especially 5．to feel 6．met 7．experiences 8．from 9．meaningful 10．more 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在南非一家儿童医院做志愿者的经历和感受。 1．句意：我曾经在南非的一家儿童医院做志愿者。此处表示泛指的含义，volunteer以辅音音素开头，用a。故填a。 2．句意：但有些人不能理解我为什么选择做这件事。根据“Sounds interesting, right?…some people can’t understand why I chose to do it.”的语境可知，此处句意发生了转折，but“但是”符合，句首首字母大写。故填But。 3．句意：第一个原因是帮助人们拥有更好的未来。根据“The…reason was to help people have a better future.”的语境可知，此处解释第一个原因，first“第一”符合。故填first。 4．句意：面对所有的困难，他们经常感到孤独，尤其是当他们的父母有其他孩子要照顾的时候。修饰从句需用副词especially“尤其”。故填especially。 5．句意：此外，在非洲做志愿者让我感受到了地球上不同的地方。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，是固定搭配。故填to feel。 6．句意：我遇到了来自世界不同角落的人。此处指过去的事情，用过去式met。故填met。 7．句意：他们有自己的想法、经历和梦想。与ideas、dreams并列，需用复数experiences“经历”。故填experiences。 8．句意：我们分享美好的回忆，并互相学习。learn from为固定搭配，表示“向……学习”。故填from。 9．句意：亲近他们真的很有意义。分析句子结构可知，作表语需用形容词meaningful“有意义的”。故填meaningful。 10．句意：我希望将来能帮助更多的人！even修饰比较级，many的比较级为more。故填more。 题型二 阅读理解 Don’t throw away used clothes. Use them to help change the lives of others. To Goodwill of Southern California. Sale of your used clothes will support Goodwill’s educational programme and job training to help people get proper jobs. Clothes can be dropped off at the local drop-off station, day or night. Goodwill of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90031 To United Cancer Research Society. Sale of used clothes will benefit cancer research and treatment. There is no drop-off location, so call the organization and arrange for clothes to be collected in Los Angeles. Phone: (800) 443-4224 To Boys and Girls Club of Venice Shops. Sale of donated clothes will help the Boys and Girls Club in Venice, CA．The organization will collect used clothes by appointment or you can visit their Los Angeles donation centre. (310) 391-6301 To PATH, an organization that supports the homeless population in the Los Angeles area. The organization asks for working clothes for adults. PATH can’t collect donations, but will accept drop-off donations Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. (323) 644-2200 1．Which has more ways to receive donations than the others? A．PATH. B．United Cancer Research Society. C．Goodwill of Southern California. D．Boys and Girls Club of Venice Shops. 2．We can infer from the advertisements that ________. A．none of the organizations accept children’s clothes B．people can donate used clothes throughout the USA C．some organizations need money to help some people D．some donated clothes will be given to cancer patients 3．The main purpose of the passage is to ask people to ________. A．give a helping hand to those in need B．sell used clothes C．know about organizations D．learn the use of donated clothes 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文介绍了四个接受旧衣物捐赠的慈善组织及其捐赠方式，旨在鼓励人们通过捐赠帮助他人。 1．细节理解题。根据“To Boys and Girls Club of Venice Shops ... The organization will collect used clothes by appointment or you can visit their Los Angeles donation centre.”可知，该组织将通过预约收集旧衣服，也可以访问他们的洛杉矶捐赠中心，其捐赠为两种，其他的均为一种。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Sale of your used clothes will support Goodwill’s educational programme and job training to help people get proper jobs.”及“benefit cancer research and treatment”等可知，教育项目、工作培训及癌症研究等这些是需要资金支持的，因此部分组织需资金来帮助他人。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Don’t throw away used clothes. Use them to help change the lives of others.”并通读全文可知，文章的目的是呼吁人们帮助需要帮助的人。故选A。 After the lunchtime rush, it’s time for the food delivery (递送) drivers to eat. Liu Lijie, halfway through a 13-hour workday, usually rides to a restaurant in Beijing for his favorite choice—mutton noodle soup, for 12 yuan, 6 yuan cheaper than the regular price. The reduced-price meals, known as aixincan or loving meals, are available at some restaurants in large cities, home to large populations of migrant workers (农民工) who come looking for jobs. “There is a lot of pressure in life since I came to Beijing to work, so eating aixincan is both cheap and convenient,” says 40-year-old Liu, who arrived in Beijing two years ago from Shanxi province. In order to get back earlier to make money, he digs into his meal hurriedly at the Yushiji Restaurant. Luo Shuai, another delivery driver, learned of Yushiji’s aixincan through his workmates and has since become a daily customer at the restaurant, which serves (服务，招待) food from his native (本地的) Henan province. “It makes me think of my hometown,” says 27-year-old Luo, who moved to Beijing at the end of last year. Feng Yong, the 43-year-old manager of a meat pie restaurant, spends much of his day making pies. He says the restaurant began serving aixincan to help people in need and inspire others to do the same. As a Shandong province native who moved to Beijing more than 20 years ago, Feng says he has a deep understanding of being an outsider working in a new city. The key, he says, is to avoid any embarrassment (尴尬) for customers who are in need. The staff do what they can to offer help and don’t ask any private things of the customers. “We don’t refuse them anything, just as long as they’re full,” Feng says. 1．Why does Liu Lijie go to the restaurant in Beijing after the lunchtime rush? A．To have a reduced-price meal. B．To get back to make money. C．To deliver food for the restaurant. D．To sell mutton noodle soup. 2．What makes Luo Shuai homesick? A．The help from his workmates. B．The cheap and convenient meals. C．The Henan food in the restaurant. D．The meat pies in Yushiji Restaurant. 3．According to Feng Yong, what’s important when serving aixincan for customers? A．Offering any kind of help to them. B．Making them feel no embarrassment. C．Asking them to come and eat regularly. D．Caring about their private life. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．All restaurants in big cities offer aixincan. B．Aixincan is only for delivery drivers. C．Aixincan helps migrant workers feel less lonely. D．Delivery drivers usually have enough time for lunch. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章说明了在大城市中，一些餐馆为农民工等有需要的人提供“爱心餐”，以及这种爱心餐对不同人的意义和影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“Liu Lijie, halfway through a 13-hour workday, usually rides to a restaurant in Beijing for his favorite choice—mutton noodle soup, for 12 yuan, 6 yuan cheaper than the regular price.”可知，刘立杰在午餐高峰后去餐馆是为了吃降价餐。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Luo Shuai, another delivery driver, learned of Yushiji’s aixincan through his workmates and has since become a daily customer at the restaurant, which serves food from his native Henan province.”以及“It makes me think of my hometown,”可知，让罗帅想家的是餐馆里的河南菜。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The key, he says, is to avoid any embarrassment for customers who are in need.”可知，冯勇认为，为顾客提供爱心餐时，重要的是让他们不感到尴尬。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“There is a lot of pressure in life since I came to Beijing to work, so eating aixincan is both cheap and convenient.”和“It makes me think of my hometown.”可以推断出，爱心餐有助于农民工减轻孤独感。故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Charities 核心语法精练（一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 7 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 三、完成句子 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空 11 题型二 阅读理解 12 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 1、 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak English. 2、被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：English is spoken by many people. 3、主动句和被动句的对比： 例如：He opened the door. 他开了门。(主动句)        The door was opened. 门被开了。(被动句) 4、被动语态的构成    被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 一般过去时的被动语态句子结构 肯定句 主语+was/were+过去分词 Jim was told to come early.吉姆被告知早来。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+过去分词 The rice was eaten by the boy this noon.米饭中午被这个男孩吃了。 一般疑问句 was/were+主语+过去分词 Were you asked to go home on time?你被要求按时回家了吗？ 一般现在时的被动语态的句型结构 (1)肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 The desk is made by him,这张桌子是他做的。 (2)否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他, The desk isn't made by him.这张桌子不是他做的。 (3)一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他做的吗? (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Where is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他在哪儿做的? 一、单项选择 1．Digital payment ________ widely in our daily life now—almost everyone uses it. A．uses B．is used C．used D．was used 2．The park ________ with colorful flowers in spring. It looks really beautiful. A．covers B．covered C．is covered D．was covered 3．The school rules ________ to keep students safe and help them focus on studying. A．make B．are made C．made D．were made 4．Make sure your phone is ________ the Wi-Fi. A．connect with B．connected to C．connect to D．connected with 5．Many tourists ________ the small town because of its beautiful environment. A．is drawn to B．are drawn to C．are draw to D．is draw to 6．The blind ________ to take guide dogs into more public places. It’s really helpful. A．allow B．are allowed C．allowed D．were allowed 7．Usually before exams, the students ________ two minutes to write down their names. A．were given B．will be given C．gave D．are given 8．The plants ________ well in my neighbourhood. They make our environment greener. A．protect B．protected C．were protected D．are protected 9．With the help of Project Hope, many schools ________ in poor areas each year. A．is built B．are built C．was built D．will be built 10．If the science story ________ into English, it will be popular around the world. A．will be translated B．is translated C．translated D．was translated 11．The scientist __________ to explain the invention at the fair yesterday. A．invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited 12．The shared bike system __________ by a young company last year. A．is developed B．was developed C．developed D．develops 13．The movie________ by a famous director last year. A．is directed B．directed C．was directed D．directs 14．The netizen’s story about following rules ________ by many people on social media last week. A．shares B．shared C．is shared D．was shared 15．Potatoes ________ to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it. A．took B．have taken C．will be taken D．were taken 16．Because of the heavy rainstorm, visitors in Qingdao ________ to stay away from the beach yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 17．Luckily a little monkey ________ by some kind visitors yesterday. A．is saved B．was saved C．will be saved D．has been saved 18．Tea, one of the most popular drinks, ________ by accident in China. A．discovered B．is discovered C．will be discovered D．was discovered 19．An old woman ________ in a tall building after the earthquake happened. A．trapped B．had trapped C．was trapped D．traps 20．Those pictures ________ on the wall by Tom yesterday after school. A．hangs B．hanged C．were hanged D．were hung 二、单词拼写 21．The painting is (hang) on the wall above the sofa. 22． (give) more time, we will be able to do it better. 23．Most of his time (spend) playing games. 24．Mars (call) the “Red Planet” because of its red-colored surface. 25．They are (divide) into two groups to clean the classroom. 26．My little brother was (glue) to the TV all Saturday morning watching cartoons. 27．My little sister was (bear) on a warm spring morning, and everyone in the family was happy. 28．The house was (hide) from sight behind some trees. 29．Air and water are seriously (pollute) in this area because of the factories nearby. 30．Luckily, Mr. Li (send) to the hospital in time yesterday and he’s better now. 三、完成句子 31．骆驼被认为是沙漠之舟。 The camel is the ship of the desert. 32．如今，在许多餐厅里，手机可以轻松连接无线网络。 Mobile phones can Wi-Fi easily in many restaurants now. 33．现今，许多电子产品都是在中国制造的。 Today, many electronic products . 34．喝绿茶被认为有很多益处。 Drinking green tea have many benefits. 35．许多外国学生被剪纸的传统技艺所吸引。 Lots of foreign students by the traditional skill of paper cutting. 36．咖啡是什么时候传入英国的？ When was coffee Britain? 37．一觉醒来，我发现万物皆被厚厚的白雪覆盖。 When I woke up, I found everything snow. 38．他被电力所吸引，对电的本质有着浓厚的好奇心。 He electricity and had a deep its nature. 39．所以我在学校的各种社团里选定舞狮队。 So among all the clubs in our school, the lion dance team . 40．捐赠活动的日期最终被定在了本周五下午。 Finally, the date for the donation event this Friday afternoon. 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填上适当单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 UNICEF is a part of the United Nations. It 1 (set) up in Europe in 1946, after World War Ⅱ. At that time, many 2 (child) lives were changed because of the war, and UNICEF wanted 3 (help) them. UNICEF 4 (work) in over 190 countries and areas. It helps governments, 5 (community) and families make the world a better place for children. UNICEF wants all children to be 6 (health), so it provides them with clean water and food, and tries to prevent them from 7 (get) illnesses. UNICEF also believes that it is important for children to receive basic education, so it helps 8 (they) go to school. UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and 9 (organize) other activities. People can 10 (support) it by donating money or working as volunteers. 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。 I once worked as 1 volunteer at children’s hospital in South Africa. My job was to help make the kids feel happy during their stay. Sounds interesting, right? 2 some people can’t understand why I chose to do it. Let me tell you the reasons why I made this choice. The 3 (one) reason was to help people have a better future. In this big world, so many people need care. Take the children in the hospital where I worked, for example. They often felt lonely facing all the difficulties, 4 (especial) when their parents had other children to care for. So, why not try to help as many people as possible? Moreover, volunteering in Africa has allowed me 5 (feel) different parts of our planet. And I 6 (meet) people from different corners of the world. They had their own ideas, 7 (experience) and dreams. We shared amazing memories and learned 8 each other. It was really 9 (meaning) to be close to them. I hope to help even 10 (many) people in the future! 题型二 阅读理解 Don’t throw away used clothes. Use them to help change the lives of others. To Goodwill of Southern California. Sale of your used clothes will support Goodwill’s educational programme and job training to help people get proper jobs. Clothes can be dropped off at the local drop-off station, day or night. Goodwill of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90031 To United Cancer Research Society. Sale of used clothes will benefit cancer research and treatment. There is no drop-off location, so call the organization and arrange for clothes to be collected in Los Angeles. Phone: (800) 443-4224 To Boys and Girls Club of Venice Shops. Sale of donated clothes will help the Boys and Girls Club in Venice, CA．The organization will collect used clothes by appointment or you can visit their Los Angeles donation centre. (310) 391-6301 To PATH, an organization that supports the homeless population in the Los Angeles area. The organization asks for working clothes for adults. PATH can’t collect donations, but will accept drop-off donations Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. (323) 644-2200 1．Which has more ways to receive donations than the others? A．PATH. B．United Cancer Research Society. C．Goodwill of Southern California. D．Boys and Girls Club of Venice Shops. 2．We can infer from the advertisements that ________. A．none of the organizations accept children’s clothes B．people can donate used clothes throughout the USA C．some organizations need money to help some people D．some donated clothes will be given to cancer patients 3．The main purpose of the passage is to ask people to ________. A．give a helping hand to those in need B．sell used clothes C．know about organizations D．learn the use of donated clothes After the lunchtime rush, it’s time for the food delivery (递送) drivers to eat. Liu Lijie, halfway through a 13-hour workday, usually rides to a restaurant in Beijing for his favorite choice—mutton noodle soup, for 12 yuan, 6 yuan cheaper than the regular price. The reduced-price meals, known as aixincan or loving meals, are available at some restaurants in large cities, home to large populations of migrant workers (农民工) who come looking for jobs. “There is a lot of pressure in life since I came to Beijing to work, so eating aixincan is both cheap and convenient,” says 40-year-old Liu, who arrived in Beijing two years ago from Shanxi province. In order to get back earlier to make money, he digs into his meal hurriedly at the Yushiji Restaurant. Luo Shuai, another delivery driver, learned of Yushiji’s aixincan through his workmates and has since become a daily customer at the restaurant, which serves (服务，招待) food from his native (本地的) Henan province. “It makes me think of my hometown,” says 27-year-old Luo, who moved to Beijing at the end of last year. Feng Yong, the 43-year-old manager of a meat pie restaurant, spends much of his day making pies. He says the restaurant began serving aixincan to help people in need and inspire others to do the same. As a Shandong province native who moved to Beijing more than 20 years ago, Feng says he has a deep understanding of being an outsider working in a new city. The key, he says, is to avoid any embarrassment (尴尬) for customers who are in need. The staff do what they can to offer help and don’t ask any private things of the customers. “We don’t refuse them anything, just as long as they’re full,” Feng says. 1．Why does Liu Lijie go to the restaurant in Beijing after the lunchtime rush? A．To have a reduced-price meal. B．To get back to make money. C．To deliver food for the restaurant. D．To sell mutton noodle soup. 2．What makes Luo Shuai homesick? A．The help from his workmates. B．The cheap and convenient meals. C．The Henan food in the restaurant. D．The meat pies in Yushiji Restaurant. 3．According to Feng Yong, what’s important when serving aixincan for customers? A．Offering any kind of help to them. B．Making them feel no embarrassment. C．Asking them to come and eat regularly. D．Caring about their private life. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．All restaurants in big cities offer aixincan. B．Aixincan is only for delivery drivers. C．Aixincan helps migrant workers feel less lonely. D．Delivery drivers usually have enough time for lunch. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $