2025-2026学年北师大版高二上学期英语寒假作业第9天(共17天)

Winter Vacation Homework（九） 一、强化基础---词汇拓展[旨在为突破语法填空积累词汇] 动词→名词 ✾高二英语寒假作业第 1 页 共 6 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．protect保护→ 保护 2．invite邀请→ 邀请 3．develop发展→ 发展 4．celebrate庆祝→ 庆典；庆祝 5．believe相信→ 信心，信任 6．compete参加比赛→ 比赛 7．connect与…有联系→ 关系；连接 8．pollute污染→ 污染 9．weigh有……重→ 重量 10．introduce引进；介绍→ 采用；介绍 11．educate教育→ 教育 12．explain解释→ 解释 13．achieve完成→ 成就 14．perform表演→ 表现 15．choose选择→ 选择 16．argue争论→ 争论；争吵 17．prepare准备→ 准备 18．permit允许→ 允许 19．exist存在→ 存在 20．pronounce发音→ 发音 二、语法小练---单句填空[旨在复习代词和数词的基本用法] 1．He made clear to all the people that he objected to the plan. 2．It is important we should pay attention to details in our work. 3．When he gets upset, he will take a few deep breaths to calm (he) down. 4．I feel a great honour to deliver a speech here. 5．There is better than a good run to clear your head when things get stressful. 6．They take for granted that their requirements should be met by their parents and they should get whatever they want before they grow up into an adult. 7． (we) team won the game, which made all of us very excited. 8．The book on the table is (my) and that one is yours. 9．This activity is a win-win situation: we take care of Mother Nature while taking care of (we). 10．By the time she was in her (thirty), she had already started her own successful company. 11．Today is my cousin’s (twelve) birthday. We will have a party for him. 12．The Great Wall is known as (被认为) the (eight) wonder (奇迹) of the world. 三、综合提升---阅读七选五[旨在提升学生语篇理解能力] Everyone knows that it takes 21 days to develop a new habit. We probably owe this particular example of pop-psychology wisdom to Maxwell Maltz, the plastic surgeon who claimed to have observed that individuals who had had an arm or leg cut off took an average of only 21 days to adjust to the loss of a limb (肢体). 1 . And therefore it must take 21 days to change a habit, maybe, perhaps! 2 , as a new study by psychologist Phillippa Lally and her colleagues helps confirm. On average, her subjects, who were trying to learn new habits such as eating fruit daily or going jogging, took a depressing 66 days before reporting that the behaviour had become unchangingly automatic. 3 . It couldn’t be just as easy to start eating a few more apples as to start finding five hours a week to study Chinese. Self- help culture sticks to the fiction of the 21-day rule, probably because it makes habit change sound basically easy. 4 . Our brains are designed to take short cuts, making as many behaviours as possible automatic. “Really,” asks the psychologist Ian Newby-Clark,“ what would be the point of having a habit that didn’t free up your mind to focus on more pressing matters?” Habits are meant to be difficult to change. Another problem is that we tend to think about habit change wrongly. We want to, say, stop watching so much TV, but on the other hand, demonstrably, we also want to watch lots of TV — after all, we keep doing it. We’re stuck deep in what the Greeks called “akrasia”: deciding on the best course of action, then doing something else. 5 . Simply stop watching TV is like dealing with a leaky bathroom tap by repainting the kitchen. What’s required is an alternative way to feel relaxed and happy. Maybe by looking at the problem differently we can slip out of them. A．This is, of course, nonsense B．The 21- day rule does have some scientific basis C．We believe that habits are purely a matter of willpower D．The way round this is to see that habits are responses to needs E．Therefore, he reasoned the same must be true of all big changes F．And some habits, unsurprisingly , were harder than others to make stick G．One problem with this is discouragingly simple: changing habits is hard 四、应用文写作---写作实战[旨在提升学生写作能力] 假定你是李华，你校下周末有两个劳动实践活动同时开展：一个是校内传统美食制作活动，另一个是校外社区公益植树。你的交换生朋友Mike来信询问该选哪个，请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 你的建议；2. 说明理由。 注意：1.写作词数应为100个左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mike, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua Winter Vacation Homework（九）参考答案 一、强化基础---词汇拓展答案　 1.protection　 2.invitation　 3.development　 4.celebration 5.belief　 6.competition　 7.connection　 8.pollution　 9.weight 10.introduction 11.education　 12.explanation　 13.achievement　 14.performance 15.choice 16.argument 17.preparation 18.permission 19.existence 20.pronunciation 二、单句填空答案 1．it 【详解】考查代词。句意：他向所有人表明他反对这个计划。本空作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，故用代词it作形式宾语。故填it。 2．that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们在工作中注重细节是非常重要的。it作形式主语，此空引导名词性从句作真正主语，从句结构、句意完整，用连接词that引导；“It is important that ...”为固定句型。故填that。 3．himself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：当他心烦意乱时，他会做几次深呼吸让自己平静下来。空处作动词calm的宾语，且主语和宾语是同一人，应用反身代词himself，表示“他自己”。故填himself。 4．it 【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：我感到很荣幸能在这里发表演讲。固定句型“feel it + a/an + adj. + n. + to do sth.”，其中it作形式宾语，本空作形式宾语，用it，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to deliver a speech here。故填it。 5．nothing 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：当事情变得有压力时，没有什么比好好跑一跑更能让你头脑清醒的了。结合语意可知，此处表示“没有什么比好好跑一跑更能让你头脑清醒的了”，空处需填不定代词nothing。故填nothing。 6．it 【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：他们理所当然地认为他们的要求应该得到父母的满足，他们应该在长大成人之前得到他们想要的任何东西。空处应填it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语，故填it。 7．Our 【详解】考查物主代词。句意：我们队赢了比赛，这让我们所有人都很兴奋。team是名词，前面用形容词性物主代词our修饰，句首单词，首字母大写。故填Our。 8．mine 【详解】考查名词性物主代词。句意：桌子上的书是我的，那本是你的。此处应是用名词性物主代词，表达“我的（书）”含义，作“is”的表语。故填mine。 9．ourselves 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：这个活动是一个双赢的局面：我们在照顾自己的同时照顾大自然。空处作宾语，和主语是同一指代对象，应用反身代词。故填ourselves。 10．thirties 【详解】考查数词。句意：到她三十多岁时，她已经创办了自己成功的公司。“in one's+整十的复数形式”表示“在某人几十岁时”，in her thirties即“在她三十多岁时” 。故填thirties。 11．twelfth 【详解】考查序数词的用法。句意：今天是我表弟的十二岁生日。我们会为他举办一场派对。结合空前的my cousin’s(我表弟的)和空后的单数名词birthday(生日)可知，本题描述的是“表弟的第十二个生日”，要将基数词twelve变成序数词twelfth。故填twelfth。 12．eighth 【详解】考查序数词。句意：长城被认为是世界上第八大奇迹。定冠词the修饰序数词，此处应用序数词表示顺序。故填eighth。 三、阅读七选五答案 1．E 2．A 3．F 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文探讨了关于习惯改变的一些常见误解，特别是“21天养成一个新习惯”的说法。 1．根据前文“We probably owe this particular example of pop- psychology wisdom to Maxwell Maltz, the plastic surgeon who claimed to have observed that individuals who had had an arm or leg cut off took an average of only 21 days to adjust to the loss of a limb (肢体). (我们可能要把这个流行心理学智慧的特别例子归功于整形外科医生Maxwell Maltz，他声称自己观察到，失去一条胳膊或一条腿的人平均只需要21天就能适应一条肢体的失去。)”可知，此处陈述了Maxwell Maltz的观点。E选项“Therefore, he reasoned the same must be true of all big changes(因此，他推断所有大的变化都是如此)”承接前文，选项中的he指代前文的Maxwell Maltz，符合语境。故选E。 2．根据前文“And therefore it must take 21 days to change a habit, maybe, perhaps!( 因此，改变一个习惯必须花21天，也许，也许！)”以及后文“as a new study by psychologist Phillippa Lally and her colleagues helps confirm. On average, her subjects, who were trying to learn new habits such as eating fruit daily or going jogging, took a depressing 66 days before reporting that the behaviour had become unchangingly automatic. (如同心理学家Phillippa Lally和她的同事的一项新研究帮助证实的。她的研究对象试图养成新习惯，比如每天吃水果或慢跑，他们平均花了令人沮丧的66天时间才报告说，这些行为已经变成了习惯性的行为。)”可知，Maxwell Maltz认为改变一个习惯必须花21天时间，但是Phillippa Lally和她的同事的一项新研究证实了Maxwell Maltz所提出的观点是错误的。A选项“This is, of course, nonsense(当然，这是无稽之谈)”直接反驳了第一段的观点，this指代前文的观点的内容即改变一个习惯必须花21天，该选项符合语境。故选A。 3．根据后文“It couldn’t be just as easy to start eating a few more apples as to start finding five hours a week to study Chinese.( 开始多吃几个苹果不可能像开始每周抽出五个小时学习中文那么容易。)”可知，此处强调多吃几个苹果不可能像每周抽出五个小时学习中文那么容易。F选项“And some habits, unsurprisingly , were harder than others to make stick(不出所料，有些习惯比其他习惯更难坚持)”直接指出了不同习惯养成的难易程度不同，照应后文中将吃苹果和学韩语相对比的例子。故选F。 4．根据前文“Self- help culture sticks to the fiction of the 21- day rule, probably because it makes habit change sound basically easy.(自助文化坚持21天规则的虚构，可能是因为它使习惯改变听起来基本上很容易。)”强调自我帮助文化坚持“21天规则”的虚构，可能是因为它想让习惯改变听起来很容易。G选项“One problem with this is discouragingly simple: changing habits is hard(一个简单得令人沮丧的问题是：改变习惯很难)”可知，该选项指出了坚持21天规则的一个主要问题，即改变习惯很难，对上述观点进行了反驳，指出了改变习惯的真正难度。故选G。 5．根据前文“Another problem is that we tend to think about habit change wrongly. We want to, say, stop watching so much TV, but on the other hand, demonstrably, we also want to watch lots of TV —— after all, we keep doing it. We’re stuck deep in what the Greeks called “akrasia”: deciding on the best course of action, then doing something else. (另一个问题是，我们倾向于错误地思考习惯的改变。比如说，我们想停止看那么多电视，但另一方面，很明显，我们也想看很多电视——毕竟，我们一直在看电视。我们深陷希腊人所说的“akrasia”：决定最好的行动方针，然后做其他事情。)”可知，前面提到的是我们在习惯改变上的错误思维方式，即想要做某事（如少看电视），但实际上却继续做其它的事。D选项“The way round this is to see that habits are responses to needs(解决这个问题的方法是认识到习惯是对需求的反应)”针对前文的问题提出了解决方案即要理解并满足我们的真正需求，而不是简单地错误地改变某个习惯。故选D。 四、应用文写作答案 例文① Dear Mike, Delighted to hear you’re keen on the labor practice activities! Personally, I highly recommend the community tree-planting event — it’s far more than just physical work. Firstly, working outdoors allows you to immerse yourself in nature, which is a refreshing break from campus life. Secondly, interacting with local residents while planting trees will deepen your understanding of the community culture, offering unique insights you can’t gain from books. Moreover, contributing to environmental protection is a noble and fulfilling endeavor that leaves a lasting impact. The library arrangement is also a decent option if you prefer a tranquil setting. Feel free to share your final choice with me! Yours, Li Hua 例文② Dear Mike, Delighted to receive your letter asking for advice on choosing between the two labor practice activities! Personally, I wholeheartedly recommend you to participate in the traditional Chinese food-making activity on campus. Firstly, this activity serves as a vivid window into Chinese culinary culture. You’ll get hands-on experience in crafting classic delicacies such as tangyuan (glutinous rice balls) or zongzi (rice dumplings), each carrying profound cultural significance and festival traditions. Secondly, cooperating with fellow students in the kitchen will not only strengthen your bonds but also allow you to exchange cultural insights in a relaxed atmosphere. Additionally, the on-campus setting spares you the trouble of long-distance travel, ensuring a convenient and safe experience. If you’re interested, I’d be more than happy to share some tips for making these snacks in advance. I’m sure you’ll have an unforgettable time exploring the charm of Chinese food! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生朋友Mike回复邮件，说明对于实践活动的建议以及理由。 【详解】（范文1） 1.词汇积累 热衷于：be keen on→be enthusiastic about 令人满足的：fulfilling→satisfying 持久的：lasting→everlasting 选择：option→alternative 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Moreover, contributing to environmental protection is a noble and fulfilling endeavor that leaves a lasting impact. 拓展句：Since environmental protection is a noble and fulfilling endeavor, contributing to it leaves a lasting impact. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Firstly, working outdoors allows you to immerse yourself in nature, which is a refreshing break from campus life.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】The library arrangement is also a decent option if you prefer a tranquil setting.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） ✾高二英语寒假作业第 2 页 共 6 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $