专题10 阅读理解之说明文（复习讲义）（安徽专用）（安徽中考真题+中考模拟）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题10阅读理解之说明文 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 2 02·时空导航·网络构建 3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 3 考点一 题型破解 3 考点二 解题要点 4 04·优题精选·练能提分 9 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读理解之说明文 ☑选择题 □非选择题 考察1篇 考察3篇 考察2篇 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1. 体裁与篇幅稳定 近3年安徽中考英语阅读理解中说明文固定占1篇，属于选择型阅读，篇幅约200-250词，语言简洁严谨，无过多复杂句式，符合初中生的认知水平和课标要求。 2. 主题贴近生活与时代 选材聚焦科普知识、生活常识、环保理念、科技创新四大方向，避开生僻专业内容，兼顾知识性与实用性。 3. 题型分布有规律 以细节理解题为主，占比50%-60%，侧重考查学生定位信息、识别同义替换的能力；其次是推理判断题和词义猜测题，各占15%-20%；主旨大意题占比最低，约10%，但属于拉分题型。 4. 考查侧重“信息获取” 命题不强调深层理解，而是注重学生快速从文本中提取、筛选、整合信息的能力，题干定位词明确，答案多能在原文中找到依据或同义转换。 二、命题思路总结 1. 围绕“说明对象”设题 所有题目均紧扣文章的核心说明对象展开，细节题考查说明对象的特征、功能、原理等；推理题考查说明对象的作用或影响；主旨题考查对说明对象的整体概括。 2. 依托“说明方法”设题 常针对文中的举例子（for example）、列数字（具体数据）、作比较（compare...with...） 设题，比如通过例子考查细节，通过数字考查推理，通过比较考查词义猜测。 3. 重视“同义替换”设题 选项多采用原文内容的同义改写，避免照搬原文句子，以此考查学生的词汇量和句式理解能力。例如原文的“play a key role”对应选项的“is very important”，原文的“cut down waste”对应选项的“reduce pollution”。 4. 规避“专业壁垒”设题 即使涉及科技、环保等领域的内容，也会通过文本解释降低理解难度，生词多为课标内词汇或可通过上下文猜测，不考超纲的专业术语。 命题预测 一、主题预测 1. 环保类 如“新能源的应用（太阳能、风能）”“塑料污染的治理”“城市绿化的作用”，这类主题符合“双碳”目标的时代背景，且贴近学生生活。 2. 科技生活类 如“智能家居的便捷性”“手机APP的健康使用”“人工智能在教育中的应用”，侧重科技对日常生活的影响，内容通俗易懂。 3. 生活常识类 如“健康饮食的小技巧”“正确的护眼方法”“垃圾分类的新标准”，这类主题实用性强，文本结构清晰，便于设题。 4. 文化科普类 如“传统手工艺的传承”“中国节气的科学依据”“地方特色物产的介绍”，兼顾科普性和文化性，符合中考“立德树人”的命题导向。 二、题型预测 1. 细节理解题 仍会是考查重点，题干会以“According to the passage, what can...do?”“How many...are mentioned in the passage?”等形式出现，定位词多为专有名词、数字、动词短语。 2. 推理判断题 题干标志词为“infer”“suggest”“probably”，侧重考查学生根据文本细节推导结论的能力，如通过“某技术的优点”推断“它能解决的问题”，答案不会超出文本逻辑范围。 3. 词义猜测题 考查的词汇多为课标内的动词或形容词，且会通过上下文的举例、定义或转折关系给出线索，如生词后紧跟“for example”引出具体例子，帮助学生猜测词义。 4. 主旨大意题 大概率考查“最佳标题”，选项会设置“以偏概全”的干扰项（如只概括某一段内容），正确选项需涵盖“说明对象+核心特征”。 考点一 题型破解 说明文是安徽中考英语阅读理解的重要体裁，选材多围绕科普知识、生活常识、文化习俗、社会现象等主题，以“解释说明、传递信息”为核心目的，主要考查细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测四大题型。以下结合安徽中考典型例题，拆解分层解题技巧。 二、选项规律 干扰项特征 真题示例 应对策略 信息错位 将A事物的特征描述为B事物的特征。 精准定位，仔细比对主语与描述内容。 张冠李戴 将甲做的事情说成是乙做的。 关注动作发出者。 偷换概念 将文中的“可能”(may)偷换成“一定”(must)。 注意程度副词、情态动词的细微差别。 无中生有 选项内容看似合理，但原文未提及。 坚决以原文为依据，勿凭常识或想象答题。 以偏概全 将某个细节或特例当作整体特征或普遍结论。 关注表示范围的词汇，综观全文。 因果倒置 混淆因果关系。 理清“因”与“果”的逻辑链。 过度推断 基于原文进行了超出合理范围的引申。 推断必须紧扣文本信息，一步为限。 考点二 解题要点 一、解题前置：3步快速把握说明文核心特征 拿到说明文阅读材料，先通过3个步骤明确文本框架，为解题夯实基础： 1. 辨明说明对象：通读全文，圈画文章围绕的核心人/物/事理（如“人工智能的发展”“垃圾分类的方法”），这是理解说明文的前提。 2. 梳理说明顺序：安徽中考说明文常采用时间顺序（如事物发展流程）、空间顺序（如建筑结构介绍）、逻辑顺序（如“总—分—总”“现象—原因—结果”），关注  firstly, then, finally, because, therefore  等标志词。 3. 识别说明方法：留意文中的举例子（for example）、列数字（具体数据）、作比较（compare...with...）、下定义（is called）等手法，这些内容往往是考点。 二、分题型精准解题技巧 + 安徽中考例题解析 题型1：细节理解题（占比50%左右，最易得分） 定位词优先：题干中的专有名词、数字、术语、时间状语是定位关键，带着定位词回原文找对应段落，答案通常在定位句附近。 锁定“同义替换”：安徽中考说明文细节题常考“原文表述→选项同义转换”，如原文  play a key role  对应选项  is very important 。 警惕“绝对化表述”：含  all, never, only, must  等绝对词的选项，大概率是干扰项，需回原文验证。 【典例】A smart city uses digital technology to improve people’s daily life. For example, smart traffic lights can change their time according to the number of cars. Smart water systems can detect water waste and send warnings to workers quickly. 题目：What can smart water systems do according to the passage? A. Change the time of trans交通 lights B. Change the time of traffic lights C. Send warnings when这 water waste is detected D. Send warnings when water waste is detected 题型2：推理判断题（占比20%，易错题型） “有据可依”是原则：推理题答案不能凭空猜测，必须基于原文细节或逻辑关系，题干常含  infer, imply, suggest, probably  等词。 关注“隐性因果”：说明文的推理题多涉及“原因→结果”的推导，如通过“某技术的优点”推断“它能解决什么问题”。 排除“原文原句”：直接摘抄原文内容的选项，不是推理结论，可优先排除。 【典例】Bamboo is a fast growing plant REPLACE. It can grow up to REPLACE 1 meter REPLACE in REPLACE a REPLACE day REPLACE. It is also a renewable resource—we can cut it down and it will grow again quickly. Besides, bamboo can absorb REPLACE much more carbon dioxide than other plants REPLACE. 题目：We can infer from the passage that bamboo is ______. A. a REPLACE slow growing REPLACE plant B. a REPLACE slow growing plant C. helpful to REPLACE reduce REPLACE carbon dioxide D. helpful to reduce carbon dioxide 题型3：主旨大意题（占比15%，考查概括能力） “总—分”结构抓首段：说明文多采用“总—分”结构，主旨句常出现在首段首句（直接点明说明对象及核心特征）。 “标题题”抓“说明对象+核心特点”：最佳标题需包含说明对象，且体现其最主要的特征，避免“以偏概全”。 排除“局部细节”选项：只概括某一个段落内容的选项，不是全文主旨。 【典例】文章介绍了“碳中和”（carbon neutrality）的定义，分析了实现碳中和的意义，还列举了普通人可以采取的措施（如节约用电、绿色出行、垃圾分类 REPLACE）。 题目：What’s the best title for the passage? A. Ways to Save Electricity B. Ways to Save Electricity C. What Is Carbon Neutrality and How to Achieve It D. How to Protect the Environment 题型4：词义猜测题（占比15%，考查语境分析） 利用“说明方法”猜词：若生词后有举例（for example）、下定义（that is），可通过例子或定义推断词义。 利用“逻辑关系”猜词：通过  and（同义）、but（反义）、because（因果）  等词判断生词与上下文的关系。 利用“构词法”辅助：如前缀  re- （重复）、后缀  -able （可……的），结合语境快速判断词性和大致含义。 【典例】Recycling is a way to reuse waste materials. For example, we can recycle paper to make new paper, recycle plastic to make new plastic products. In this way, REPLACE we can reduce waste. 题目：The underlined word “reuse” means ______ in Chinese. A. 丢弃 B. 丢弃 C. 重复利用 D. 重复利用 三、说明文通用解题步骤（四步法） 1. 略读全文，定说明对象：快速浏览标题、首尾段，明确文章讲的是什么人/物/事理，不用纠结生词。 2. 精读题干，划定位词：圈出题干中的关键词，明确题目考查类型（细节/推理/主旨/猜词）。 3. 回文定位，对比选项：带着定位词找到原文对应句，逐一对比选项，排除“张冠李戴、绝对化、范围过大”的干扰项。 4. 复核检查，验证逻辑：做完后通读全文，确认推理题和主旨题的答案是否符合说明文的说明逻辑。 Passage 1 （2025·安徽·中考真题）Relationships with your siblings (兄弟姐妹) can help you practice social skills. Having a good relationship with them can help you communicate with other people, and understand other people’s feelings. You can even learn things when you don’t get on with your siblings. When you have argued (争吵) with them, you have to work out how to be in the same space as them. As a result, you often learn how to accept differences. It is very useful in the outside world. It’s completely normal (正常的) that sometimes you and your sibling won’t see eye to eye. “Have a good think about why the two of you don’t get on. Try to talk when you both cool down,” says Dr. Owen, a researcher in how children develop. “Tell them how you feel. You could say, ‘It really hurts me when you make jokes about me.’ If the trouble carries on, talk to a trusted adult (成年人).” All families are different. What if you don’t have siblings? That doesn’t mean you won’t experience the advantages people get from having a brother or sister. There are ways to help only children develop these skills too. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Advantages of having siblings. B．Causes of arguing with others. C．Practices of accepting differences. D．Ways of building relationships. 2．What do the underlined words “see eye to eye” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Joke with each other. B．Hear from each other. C．Agree with each other. D．Learn from each other. 3．What will probably be talked about next? A．Why all families are different. B．When we can talk to a trusted adult. C．What is important for communication. D．How only children develop social skills. Passage 2 （2024·安徽·中考真题）Dennis Hong and his students design (设计) human-like robots. This includes a cooking robot called Project YORI. YORI is only the latest of Hong’s robot inventions. There’s DAVID, the world’s first and only car that can be driven by the blind. And SAFFiR, a two-legged robot that can do dangerous work that humans are often unable to do. Hong is finding plenty of work for his robots. When he was asked about his biggest success, Hong chose the robot called DARwIn-OP. He thought it was one of the most widely used human-like robots for research and education. Hong’s team made DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use. They have seen many projects using the design. And they consider it a gift to the robotics community. “Many people only want to see our successes and not the failures that came before those, but failure is simply a stepping stone in developing new technology. If you’re too afraid of failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation (创新),” said Hong. “I tell my students to try breaking the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn anything.” 1．Which robot is the most recent invention by Dennis Hong’s team? A．YORI. B．DAVID． C．SAFFiR. D．DARwIn-OP. 2．What is special about DARwIn according to the text? A．Its technology is the latest. B．It is a popular robot for the blind. C．It is the first human-like robot. D．Its design is free for anyone to use. 3．What does Dennis Hong encourage his students to do? A．Walk on the safer side. B．Do more for education. C．Keep trying and learning. D．Avoid making mistakes. Passage 3 （2024·安徽·中考真题）If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common. If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath (呼吸) and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don’t say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual (相互的) understanding. Anger is just one of the many emotions (情绪) that make us human, and to well manage it adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 1．What is the final purpose of communication with other people? A．To show different ideas. B．To look for something in common. C．To accept useful suggestions. D．To decide whether one is right or not. 2．What does the writer advise us to do when we can’t cool down? A．Say angry words. B．Try taking a deep breath. C．Control our voices. D．Stop talking with others. 3．What does the underlined word “party” in paragraph 4 mean? A．An activity. B．A visitor. C．A person. D．A meeting. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How to manage anger. B．How to show feelings. C．How to deal with regrets. D．How to understand the world. Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·安徽亳州·期末）Oil becomes more expensive and difficult to find. It’s becoming less and less, too. Scientists are looking for other energies, including solar (太阳能), wind and even nuclear (核能) power. Solar boards (板) catch energy from the sun and turn it into electricity. One of the world’s largest solar power stations is in Germany. What’s more, solar energy produces no waste. Wind, the fastest growing kind of energy, is another way of collecting energy from the sun. As we all know, Holland is famous for its wind electricity. And it’s also called Windmill Kingdom (风车之国). Nuclear power produces electricity more cheaply with no carbon (碳) waste. And more countries join the nuclear group. China has built twenty-two nuclear power stations, too. 1．Which is NOT the reason for scientists to look for other energies? A．Oil becomes more expensive. B．There is less oil. C．People don’t like using oil. D．It’s difficult to find oil. 2．Where do the solar boards get energy? A．From the earth. B．From the sun. C．From the moon. D．From the stars. 3．What kind of new energy ISN’ T mentioned in the passage? A．Solar. B．Wind. C．Ocean. D．Nuclear. 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Germany has one of the world’s largest solar power stations. B．Nuclear power produces more carbon waste. C．Wind is the slowest growing kind of energy. D．There are 20 nuclear power stations in China. Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·安徽亳州·期末）As the weather changes from day to day, sometimes it’s impossible to avoid catching a cold or the flu. However, that doesn’t mean we have to suffer terribly. Since the only way to get better from a cold is to go through the process, many natural remedies (疗法) have helped to reduce the symptoms (症状) of the common cold. If you feel cold, you should drink something warm. Add honey and lemon to hot water or tea. You will keep warm while you’re drinking tea. In traditional Chinese medicine, ginger (姜) has been used for over two thousand years. A cup of ginger tea helps to improve blood circulation and make you sweat through your body. Garlic (大蒜) is a super food. Garlic helps to fight off germs (细菌) when eaten daily. It can reduce the number of colds you get each year and shorten cold symptoms. If you don’t mind eating uncooked garlic, it’s best to eat a few pieces every three to four hours when you feel the first signs of a cold. It’s no secret that salt gets rid of germs. For a sore throat, mix about half a teaspoon of salt into warm water and use as a mouthwash. Whether it’s for breakfast, lunch or dinner, the Japanese enjoy umeboshi (梅干), sour and salty apricots (杏子) that help keep the doctor away. Using a neti pot is an old practice from India that helps people breathe better. As a mixture of salt and water pours into the nose, the germs are cleared away. Although cutting an onion (圆葱) can make you cry, it’s good for a blocked nose. People in Mexico and Spain eat hot peppers to get their sense of smell back temporarily (暂时的) during a cold. Of course, you’d better be ready to experience a wave of heat! In Korea, kimchi (泡菜) is a popular side dish that keeps people healthy. It’s made from pickled vegetables, red hot sauce and sometimes garlic and ginger. It is common to have a cold, and Mother Nature’s remedies will be there for you to lower your pain when you need to fight against that cold! 1．The passage mainly wants to tell us that ________. A．people can catch a cold and the flu in many ways B．natural remedies are helpful when people catch colds C．Mother Nature’s food can take the place of medicine D．natural food helps people fight against all the illnesses 2．According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A．a neti pot is always used to keep warm B．ginger is newly found to be good for health C．kimchi is a main dish made from vegetables D．umeboshi is a kind of salty and sour apricot that Japanese people like 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?(①=Paragraph 1) A．①/②③④⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ D．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ Passage 6 （25-26九年级上·安徽宣城·期末）In the winter of 2025, a quiet county in Anhui Province called Guangde became a national sensation. The reason was not a new scenic spot, but a local meal known as the “Guangde Three-piece Set.” For about 100 yuan, visitors can enjoy a set that includes a hearty Guangde Stew Pot, a cup of sweet Cawangka Milk Tea, and a box of crispy Zhanji Walnut Cake to take home. The impact was immediate and huge. Tens of thousands of tourists, especially young people, flooded into the small city on weekends. The busiest street was packed with people waiting in line. Local businesses were happily surprised. Restaurant owners said they had never seen so many customers, and shops selling the cake often sold out by noon. So, what is the secret behind this “food miracle”? Experts point out several key reasons. Firstly, the set offers perfect value and experience. It covers a full meal with a main dish, a drink, and a souvenir dessert, which is very suitable for sharing on social media. Secondly, Guangde’s location is a natural advantage. It sits at the heart of the Yangtze River Delta, within a 2-hour high-speed rail trip from major cities like Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing. This makes a weekend food trip very convenient. Most importantly, the warm welcome from the city played a big role. The local government acted quickly by providing free tourist buses and parking spaces, and volunteers helped guide visitors. The kindness of local people made tourists feel at home. Guangde’s leaders see the food fame as a starting point. “We want visitors to come for the food, but stay for the scenery and culture,” said a local official. The city is now using this chance to introduce its beautiful natural sights, like the vast Taiping Lake and green bamboo forests. The goal is clear: to turn this short-term internet buzz into long-term growth for local tourism and the economy. 1．What does the underlined word “sensation” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．A quiet place. B．A famous traditional festival. C．Something that causes great excitement and interest. D．A difficult problem for the government. 2．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．To describe how delicious the “Three-piece Set” is. B．To explain the recipe of the “Three-piece Set”. C．To show the great popularity and economic effect the set brought. D．To introduce the history of Guangde’s food culture. 3．Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the success of the “Three-piece Set”? A．Its good value and shareable experience. B．Strong support and service from the city. C．Extensive advertisement on national TV. D．Convenient transportation from big cities. 4．What is Guangde’s future plan according to the last paragraph? A．To open more restaurants selling the same set. B．To lower the price to attract even more tourists. C．To use the food fame to promote its wider tourism development. D．To ask the government to build more high-speed railways. Passage 7 （2026·安徽亳州·一模）How was the fridge invented? Long long ago, people used different ways to store food. They kept food in cold water, underground rooms, or iceboxes. Iceboxes were wooden boxes with blocks of ice inside. However, ice melted quickly, and food still got bad easily. People needed a better way to keep food cold. In the early 1800s, scientists discovered that some chemicals could absorb heat and make the air cooler. This idea led to the first fridge machines. In 1834, an American inventor named Jacob Perkins built a machine that used gas to cool things. It was the first step toward the modern fridge. Later, in 1876, a German engineer named Carl von Linde created a better fridge system (系统) using a special gas. His invention made it easier to produce cold air. However, these early fridges were too big and expensive. In the 1920s, companies started making smaller and safer fridges for homes. They used a chemical called Freon, which wasn’t bad for people. By the 1930s, many families could afford (买得起) refrigerators, and they became popular. Over time, fridges improved. They became more energy-efficient (高效节能的). Today, fridges come in many sizes and styles, helping people store food safely. Thanks to the hard work of scientists and inventors, we now have a convenient way to keep our food fresh. 1．What was the main problem with iceboxes in the past? A．They were too small. B．Ice disappeared quickly. C．They weren’t easy to carry. D．They gave out a bad chemical. 2．What does the underlined word “absorb” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Take in. B．Give out. C．Move around. D．Change color. 3．Why weren’t early refrigerators popular with most families at first? A．People liked iceboxes better. B．They didn’t work well. C．They used too much electricity. D．They were too big and expensive. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The History of Storing Food B．How Iceboxes Changed the World C．The Invention of the Refrigerator D．Scientists and Their Discoveries Passage 8 （2026·安徽亳州·一模）Music can make us feel many different things. Some songs make us feel happy, while others make us feel sad or calm. Music can also remind us of special times in our lives. For example, we might remember songs that played on our birthdays. The songs become special because they’re connected to our feelings and memories. But music doesn’t just help us remember. Scientists think it might also change how we remember things. In a study, researchers asked people to read some short stories. These stories were not happy or sad—they were just normal. The next day, the people listened to happy music, sad music, or no music while thinking about the stories again. While this happened, a machine called an MRI was used to see how their brains worked. On the third day, the people were asked to remember the same stories again, but without any music. The scientists wanted to know if the music had changed what people remembered. And it did. When people listened to happy music, they remembered the stories in a happier way. When they listened to sad music, they remembered the stories as sadder ones. Even without music, their memories stayed changed. Music made certain parts of the brain more active. These parts help us feel emotions (情绪) and remember things. This means music doesn’t just help us remember—it changes the memory itself. 1．Why does the writer talk about songs from birthdays? A．To say that people like music at parties. B．To show how music helps us feel sleepy. C．To explain how music connects with memories. D．To teach people how to play songs on birthdays. 2．What’s shown about music and memories according to the text? A．Music only helps people forget bad things. B．Music always brings back old memories. C．Music makes stories harder to understand. D．Music can change how we feel about the past events. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to? A．The music. B．The brain. C．The MRI. D．The story. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this text? A．To show why some music is fun. B．To tell how music helps with memories. C．To teach how to use brain machines. D．To express people should read more stories. Passage 9 （25-26九年级上·安徽淮南·期末）①The fridge is an important invention that helps us keep food fresh. But how was it invented? ②Long ago, people used different ways to store food. They kept food in cold water, underground rooms, or ice boxes. Ice boxes were wooden boxes with ice inside. However, ice melted (融化) quickly, and food still got bad easily. ③In the early 1800s, scientists discovered that some gas (气体) could take in heat and make the air cooler. This idea led to the first cooling machines. In 1834, an American inventor named Jacob Perkins built a machine that used gas to cool things. It was the first step towards the modern fridges. Later, in 1873, a German engineer named Carl von Linde created a better cooling system (系统) using a special gas. His invention made it easier to produce cold air. However, these early fridges were too big and expensive for most families. ④In the 1930s, companies started making smaller and safer fridges for homes. They used a chemical called Freon, which wasn’t bad for people. Then, many families could buy fridges, and they became popular. ⑤Over time, fridges improved. They became more environmentally friendly. Today, fridges come in many sizes and styles, helping people store food safely. ⑥Thanks to the hard work of scientists and inventors, we now have a convenient way to keep our food fresh. 1．What was the main problem with ice boxes in the past? A．They were too small. B．The ice inside turned into water soon. C．They were made of paper. D．People didn’t like their sizes and styles. 2．When did fridges go into many families? A．In the early 1800s. B．In 1834. C．In 1873. D．After the 1930s. 3．Which is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10阅读理解之说明文 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 2 02·时空导航·网络构建 3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 3 考点一 题型破解 3 考点二 解题要点 4 04·优题精选·练能提分 9 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读理解之说明文 ☑选择题 □非选择题 考察1篇 考察3篇 考察2篇 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1. 体裁与篇幅稳定 近3年安徽中考英语阅读理解中说明文固定占1篇，属于选择型阅读，篇幅约200-250词，语言简洁严谨，无过多复杂句式，符合初中生的认知水平和课标要求。 2. 主题贴近生活与时代 选材聚焦科普知识、生活常识、环保理念、科技创新四大方向，避开生僻专业内容，兼顾知识性与实用性。 3. 题型分布有规律 以细节理解题为主，占比50%-60%，侧重考查学生定位信息、识别同义替换的能力；其次是推理判断题和词义猜测题，各占15%-20%；主旨大意题占比最低，约10%，但属于拉分题型。 4. 考查侧重“信息获取” 命题不强调深层理解，而是注重学生快速从文本中提取、筛选、整合信息的能力，题干定位词明确，答案多能在原文中找到依据或同义转换。 二、命题思路总结 1. 围绕“说明对象”设题 所有题目均紧扣文章的核心说明对象展开，细节题考查说明对象的特征、功能、原理等；推理题考查说明对象的作用或影响；主旨题考查对说明对象的整体概括。 2. 依托“说明方法”设题 常针对文中的举例子（for example）、列数字（具体数据）、作比较（compare...with...） 设题，比如通过例子考查细节，通过数字考查推理，通过比较考查词义猜测。 3. 重视“同义替换”设题 选项多采用原文内容的同义改写，避免照搬原文句子，以此考查学生的词汇量和句式理解能力。例如原文的“play a key role”对应选项的“is very important”，原文的“cut down waste”对应选项的“reduce pollution”。 4. 规避“专业壁垒”设题 即使涉及科技、环保等领域的内容，也会通过文本解释降低理解难度，生词多为课标内词汇或可通过上下文猜测，不考超纲的专业术语。 命题预测 一、主题预测 1. 环保类 如“新能源的应用（太阳能、风能）”“塑料污染的治理”“城市绿化的作用”，这类主题符合“双碳”目标的时代背景，且贴近学生生活。 2. 科技生活类 如“智能家居的便捷性”“手机APP的健康使用”“人工智能在教育中的应用”，侧重科技对日常生活的影响，内容通俗易懂。 3. 生活常识类 如“健康饮食的小技巧”“正确的护眼方法”“垃圾分类的新标准”，这类主题实用性强，文本结构清晰，便于设题。 4. 文化科普类 如“传统手工艺的传承”“中国节气的科学依据”“地方特色物产的介绍”，兼顾科普性和文化性，符合中考“立德树人”的命题导向。 二、题型预测 1. 细节理解题 仍会是考查重点，题干会以“According to the passage, what can...do?”“How many...are mentioned in the passage?”等形式出现，定位词多为专有名词、数字、动词短语。 2. 推理判断题 题干标志词为“infer”“suggest”“probably”，侧重考查学生根据文本细节推导结论的能力，如通过“某技术的优点”推断“它能解决的问题”，答案不会超出文本逻辑范围。 3. 词义猜测题 考查的词汇多为课标内的动词或形容词，且会通过上下文的举例、定义或转折关系给出线索，如生词后紧跟“for example”引出具体例子，帮助学生猜测词义。 4. 主旨大意题 大概率考查“最佳标题”，选项会设置“以偏概全”的干扰项（如只概括某一段内容），正确选项需涵盖“说明对象+核心特征”。 考点一 题型破解 说明文是安徽中考英语阅读理解的重要体裁，选材多围绕科普知识、生活常识、文化习俗、社会现象等主题，以“解释说明、传递信息”为核心目的，主要考查细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测四大题型。以下结合安徽中考典型例题，拆解分层解题技巧。 二、选项规律 干扰项特征 真题示例 应对策略 信息错位 将A事物的特征描述为B事物的特征。 精准定位，仔细比对主语与描述内容。 张冠李戴 将甲做的事情说成是乙做的。 关注动作发出者。 偷换概念 将文中的“可能”(may)偷换成“一定”(must)。 注意程度副词、情态动词的细微差别。 无中生有 选项内容看似合理，但原文未提及。 坚决以原文为依据，勿凭常识或想象答题。 以偏概全 将某个细节或特例当作整体特征或普遍结论。 关注表示范围的词汇，综观全文。 因果倒置 混淆因果关系。 理清“因”与“果”的逻辑链。 过度推断 基于原文进行了超出合理范围的引申。 推断必须紧扣文本信息，一步为限。 考点二 解题要点 一、解题前置：3步快速把握说明文核心特征 拿到说明文阅读材料，先通过3个步骤明确文本框架，为解题夯实基础： 1. 辨明说明对象：通读全文，圈画文章围绕的核心人/物/事理（如“人工智能的发展”“垃圾分类的方法”），这是理解说明文的前提。 2. 梳理说明顺序：安徽中考说明文常采用时间顺序（如事物发展流程）、空间顺序（如建筑结构介绍）、逻辑顺序（如“总—分—总”“现象—原因—结果”），关注  firstly, then, finally, because, therefore  等标志词。 3. 识别说明方法：留意文中的举例子（for example）、列数字（具体数据）、作比较（compare...with...）、下定义（is called）等手法，这些内容往往是考点。 二、分题型精准解题技巧 + 安徽中考例题解析 题型1：细节理解题（占比50%左右，最易得分） 定位词优先：题干中的专有名词、数字、术语、时间状语是定位关键，带着定位词回原文找对应段落，答案通常在定位句附近。 锁定“同义替换”：安徽中考说明文细节题常考“原文表述→选项同义转换”，如原文  play a key role  对应选项  is very important 。 警惕“绝对化表述”：含  all, never, only, must  等绝对词的选项，大概率是干扰项，需回原文验证。 【典例】A smart city uses digital technology to improve people’s daily life. For example, smart traffic lights can change their time according to the number of cars. Smart water systems can detect water waste and send warnings to workers quickly. 题目：What can smart water systems do according to the passage? A. Change the time of trans交通 lights B. Change the time of traffic lights C. Send warnings when这 water waste is detected D. Send warnings when water waste is detected 【解析】答案：D 解析： 1. 定位：题干定位词是  smart water systems ，回原文找到对应句 “Smart water systems can detect water waste and send warnings to workers quickly”。 2. 排除干扰：A、B选项描述的是  smart traffic lights  的功能，属于“张冠李戴”；C选项语法错误，D选项与原文同义替换，锁定答案。 题型2：推理判断题（占比20%，易错题型） “有据可依”是原则：推理题答案不能凭空猜测，必须基于原文细节或逻辑关系，题干常含  infer, imply, suggest, probably  等词。 关注“隐性因果”：说明文的推理题多涉及“原因→结果”的推导，如通过“某技术的优点”推断“它能解决什么问题”。 排除“原文原句”：直接摘抄原文内容的选项，不是推理结论，可优先排除。 【典例】Bamboo is a fast growing plant REPLACE. It can grow up to REPLACE 1 meter REPLACE in REPLACE a REPLACE day REPLACE. It is also a renewable resource—we can cut it down and it will grow again quickly. Besides, bamboo can absorb REPLACE much more carbon dioxide than other plants REPLACE. 题目：We can infer from the passage that bamboo is ______. A. a REPLACE slow growing REPLACE plant B. a REPLACE slow growing plant C. helpful to REPLACE reduce REPLACE carbon dioxide D. helpful to reduce carbon dioxide 【解析】答案：C 解析： 1. 定位依据：原文提到 “bamboo can absorb much more carbon dioxide than other plants”（竹子比其他植物吸收更多二氧化碳）。 2. 推理过程：“吸收更多二氧化碳” 可推断出 “竹子有助于减少二氧化碳”。A、B选项与原文 “fast growing” 相反，属于反向干扰，因此选C。 题型3：主旨大意题（占比15%，考查概括能力） “总—分”结构抓首段：说明文多采用“总—分”结构，主旨句常出现在首段首句（直接点明说明对象及核心特征）。 “标题题”抓“说明对象+核心特点”：最佳标题需包含说明对象，且体现其最主要的特征，避免“以偏概全”。 排除“局部细节”选项：只概括某一个段落内容的选项，不是全文主旨。 【典例】文章介绍了“碳中和”（carbon neutrality）的定义，分析了实现碳中和的意义，还列举了普通人可以采取的措施（如节约用电、绿色出行、垃圾分类 REPLACE）。 题目：What’s the best title for the passage? A. Ways to Save Electricity B. Ways to Save Electricity C. What Is Carbon Neutrality and How to Achieve It D. How to Protect the Environment 【解析】 答案：C 解析： 1. 抓核心内容：文章既讲了“碳中和的定义”，又讲了“实现它的方法”，涵盖“是什么”和“怎么做”两个维度。 2. 排除干扰项：A选项只讲了“节约用电”这一个细节；D选项“保护环境”范围过大，偏离“碳中和”的说明对象；C选项精准概括全文核心，是最佳标题。 题型4：词义猜测题（占比15%，考查语境分析） 利用“说明方法”猜词：若生词后有举例（for example）、下定义（that is），可通过例子或定义推断词义。 利用“逻辑关系”猜词：通过  and（同义）、but（反义）、because（因果）  等词判断生词与上下文的关系。 利用“构词法”辅助：如前缀  re- （重复）、后缀  -able （可……的），结合语境快速判断词性和大致含义。 【典例】Recycling is a way to reuse waste materials. For example, we can recycle paper to make new paper, recycle plastic to make new plastic products. In this way, REPLACE we can reduce waste. 题目：The underlined word “reuse” means ______ in Chinese. A. 丢弃 B. 丢弃 C. 重复利用 D. 重复利用 三、说明文通用解题步骤（四步法）【解析】答案：C 解析： 1. 找语境线索：后文用 “for example” 举例——“回收纸造新纸、回收塑料造新产品”，这是对 “reuse” 的具体解释。 2. 结合构词法： re-  表示“重复”， use  表示“使用”，两者结合可推断词义为“重复利用”。A选项与文意相反，锁定答案C。 1. 略读全文，定说明对象：快速浏览标题、首尾段，明确文章讲的是什么人/物/事理，不用纠结生词。 2. 精读题干，划定位词：圈出题干中的关键词，明确题目考查类型（细节/推理/主旨/猜词）。 3. 回文定位，对比选项：带着定位词找到原文对应句，逐一对比选项，排除“张冠李戴、绝对化、范围过大”的干扰项。 4. 复核检查，验证逻辑：做完后通读全文，确认推理题和主旨题的答案是否符合说明文的说明逻辑。 Passage 1 （2025·安徽·中考真题）Relationships with your siblings (兄弟姐妹) can help you practice social skills. Having a good relationship with them can help you communicate with other people, and understand other people’s feelings. You can even learn things when you don’t get on with your siblings. When you have argued (争吵) with them, you have to work out how to be in the same space as them. As a result, you often learn how to accept differences. It is very useful in the outside world. It’s completely normal (正常的) that sometimes you and your sibling won’t see eye to eye. “Have a good think about why the two of you don’t get on. Try to talk when you both cool down,” says Dr. Owen, a researcher in how children develop. “Tell them how you feel. You could say, ‘It really hurts me when you make jokes about me.’ If the trouble carries on, talk to a trusted adult (成年人).” All families are different. What if you don’t have siblings? That doesn’t mean you won’t experience the advantages people get from having a brother or sister. There are ways to help only children develop these skills too. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Advantages of having siblings. B．Causes of arguing with others. C．Practices of accepting differences. D．Ways of building relationships. 2．What do the underlined words “see eye to eye” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Joke with each other. B．Hear from each other. C．Agree with each other. D．Learn from each other. 3．What will probably be talked about next? A．Why all families are different. B．When we can talk to a trusted adult. C．What is important for communication. D．How only children develop social skills. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文主要探讨了与兄弟姐妹相处对社交能力的积极影响，包括沟通技巧、情感理解及解决冲突的能力培养，并指出独生子女也可通过其他方式获得类似发展机会。 1．段落大意题。根据“Relationships with your siblings (兄弟姐妹) can help you practice social skills.”可知第一段开篇提出核心观点，即“和兄弟姐妹的关系可以帮助你练习社交技巧”，随后通过好关系和坏关系的具体例子，集中阐述拥有兄弟姐妹在沟通能力、理解他人及接受差异等方面的优势。由此可知，第一段主要介绍了拥有兄弟姐妹的好处。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“It’s completely normal (正常的) that sometimes you and your sibling won’t see eye to eye.”和“Have a good think about why the two of you don’t get on. Try to talk when you both cool down”可知，此处指兄弟姐妹间的不合，既出现不同意对方看法的情况。因此see eye to eye意为“同意彼此的看法”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“There are ways to help only children develop these skills too”可知，文章结尾明确指向独生子女发展社交技能的方法，预示下文将展开此话题。故选D。 Passage 2 （2024·安徽·中考真题）Dennis Hong and his students design (设计) human-like robots. This includes a cooking robot called Project YORI. YORI is only the latest of Hong’s robot inventions. There’s DAVID, the world’s first and only car that can be driven by the blind. And SAFFiR, a two-legged robot that can do dangerous work that humans are often unable to do. Hong is finding plenty of work for his robots. When he was asked about his biggest success, Hong chose the robot called DARwIn-OP. He thought it was one of the most widely used human-like robots for research and education. Hong’s team made DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use. They have seen many projects using the design. And they consider it a gift to the robotics community. “Many people only want to see our successes and not the failures that came before those, but failure is simply a stepping stone in developing new technology. If you’re too afraid of failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation (创新),” said Hong. “I tell my students to try breaking the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn anything.” 1．Which robot is the most recent invention by Dennis Hong’s team? A．YORI. B．DAVID． C．SAFFiR. D．DARwIn-OP. 2．What is special about DARwIn according to the text? A．Its technology is the latest. B．It is a popular robot for the blind. C．It is the first human-like robot. D．Its design is free for anyone to use. 3．What does Dennis Hong encourage his students to do? A．Walk on the safer side. B．Do more for education. C．Keep trying and learning. D．Avoid making mistakes. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了丹尼斯·洪和他的学生设计的类人机器人。 1．细节理解题。根据“Dennis Hong and his students design (设计) human-like robots. This includes a cooking robot called Project YORI.”可知，YORI是丹尼斯·洪的团队最近发明的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Hong’s team made DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use.”可知，它的特殊之处在于它的设计对任何人都是免费的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“If you’re too afraid of failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation (创新)”和“I tell my students to try breaking the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn anything.”可推断出，丹尼斯·洪鼓励他的学生不断尝试和学习。故选C。 Passage 3 （2024·安徽·中考真题）If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common. If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath (呼吸) and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don’t say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual (相互的) understanding. Anger is just one of the many emotions (情绪) that make us human, and to well manage it adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 1．What is the final purpose of communication with other people? A．To show different ideas. B．To look for something in common. C．To accept useful suggestions. D．To decide whether one is right or not. 2．What does the writer advise us to do when we can’t cool down? A．Say angry words. B．Try taking a deep breath. C．Control our voices. D．Stop talking with others. 3．What does the underlined word “party” in paragraph 4 mean? A．An activity. B．A visitor. C．A person. D．A meeting. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How to manage anger. B．How to show feelings. C．How to deal with regrets. D．How to understand the world. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何处理生气这种情绪。 1．细节理解题。根据“the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common”可知，最终目的不是决定谁对谁错，而是寻找共同之处。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath (呼吸) and let anger out of your body along with the breath. ”可知，应该要深呼吸，故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual (相互的) understanding.”可知，局外人的想法可以帮助双方获得相互理解，所以这里指的是第三方人，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何处理生气这种情绪。故选A。 Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·安徽亳州·期末）Oil becomes more expensive and difficult to find. It’s becoming less and less, too. Scientists are looking for other energies, including solar (太阳能), wind and even nuclear (核能) power. Solar boards (板) catch energy from the sun and turn it into electricity. One of the world’s largest solar power stations is in Germany. What’s more, solar energy produces no waste. Wind, the fastest growing kind of energy, is another way of collecting energy from the sun. As we all know, Holland is famous for its wind electricity. And it’s also called Windmill Kingdom (风车之国). Nuclear power produces electricity more cheaply with no carbon (碳) waste. And more countries join the nuclear group. China has built twenty-two nuclear power stations, too. 1．Which is NOT the reason for scientists to look for other energies? A．Oil becomes more expensive. B．There is less oil. C．People don’t like using oil. D．It’s difficult to find oil. 2．Where do the solar boards get energy? A．From the earth. B．From the sun. C．From the moon. D．From the stars. 3．What kind of new energy ISN’ T mentioned in the passage? A．Solar. B．Wind. C．Ocean. D．Nuclear. 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Germany has one of the world’s largest solar power stations. B．Nuclear power produces more carbon waste. C．Wind is the slowest growing kind of energy. D．There are 20 nuclear power stations in China. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了石油资源日益稀缺且开采成本上升，科学家正在寻找太阳能、风能和核能等替代能源。 1．细节理解题。根据“Oil becomes more expensive and difficult to find. It’s becoming less and less, too.”可知石油越来越贵且难以找到，储量也越来越少，是科学家寻找替代能源的原因。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Solar boards catch energy from the sun and turn it into electricity.”可知太阳能板从太阳获取能量并转化为电能。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Scientists are looking for other energies, including solar (太阳能), wind and even nuclear (核能) power.”可知文章提到的替代能源包括太阳能、风能和核能，但未提及海洋能。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“One of the world’s largest solar power stations is in Germany.”可知德国拥有世界上最大的太阳能电站之一。故选A。 Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·安徽亳州·期末）As the weather changes from day to day, sometimes it’s impossible to avoid catching a cold or the flu. However, that doesn’t mean we have to suffer terribly. Since the only way to get better from a cold is to go through the process, many natural remedies (疗法) have helped to reduce the symptoms (症状) of the common cold. If you feel cold, you should drink something warm. Add honey and lemon to hot water or tea. You will keep warm while you’re drinking tea. In traditional Chinese medicine, ginger (姜) has been used for over two thousand years. A cup of ginger tea helps to improve blood circulation and make you sweat through your body. Garlic (大蒜) is a super food. Garlic helps to fight off germs (细菌) when eaten daily. It can reduce the number of colds you get each year and shorten cold symptoms. If you don’t mind eating uncooked garlic, it’s best to eat a few pieces every three to four hours when you feel the first signs of a cold. It’s no secret that salt gets rid of germs. For a sore throat, mix about half a teaspoon of salt into warm water and use as a mouthwash. Whether it’s for breakfast, lunch or dinner, the Japanese enjoy umeboshi (梅干), sour and salty apricots (杏子) that help keep the doctor away. Using a neti pot is an old practice from India that helps people breathe better. As a mixture of salt and water pours into the nose, the germs are cleared away. Although cutting an onion (圆葱) can make you cry, it’s good for a blocked nose. People in Mexico and Spain eat hot peppers to get their sense of smell back temporarily (暂时的) during a cold. Of course, you’d better be ready to experience a wave of heat! In Korea, kimchi (泡菜) is a popular side dish that keeps people healthy. It’s made from pickled vegetables, red hot sauce and sometimes garlic and ginger. It is common to have a cold, and Mother Nature’s remedies will be there for you to lower your pain when you need to fight against that cold! 1．The passage mainly wants to tell us that ________. A．people can catch a cold and the flu in many ways B．natural remedies are helpful when people catch colds C．Mother Nature’s food can take the place of medicine D．natural food helps people fight against all the illnesses 2．According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A．a neti pot is always used to keep warm B．ginger is newly found to be good for health C．kimchi is a main dish made from vegetables D．umeboshi is a kind of salty and sour apricot that Japanese people like 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?(①=Paragraph 1) A．①/②③④⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ D．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了多种自然疗法如何帮助缓解感冒症状。 1．主旨大意题。根据“many natural remedies (疗法) have helped to reduce the symptoms (症状) of the common cold”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述自然疗法对缓解感冒症状的帮助。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“the Japanese enjoy umeboshi (梅干), sour and salty apricots”可知，umeboshi是日本人喜欢的咸酸杏子。故选D。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，①引入主题（自然疗法缓解感冒）→②-⑤分述具体疗法（茶饮、大蒜、盐、洋葱等）→⑥总结（自然疗法减轻痛苦）。故选B。 Passage 6 （25-26九年级上·安徽宣城·期末）In the winter of 2025, a quiet county in Anhui Province called Guangde became a national sensation. The reason was not a new scenic spot, but a local meal known as the “Guangde Three-piece Set.” For about 100 yuan, visitors can enjoy a set that includes a hearty Guangde Stew Pot, a cup of sweet Cawangka Milk Tea, and a box of crispy Zhanji Walnut Cake to take home. The impact was immediate and huge. Tens of thousands of tourists, especially young people, flooded into the small city on weekends. The busiest street was packed with people waiting in line. Local businesses were happily surprised. Restaurant owners said they had never seen so many customers, and shops selling the cake often sold out by noon. So, what is the secret behind this “food miracle”? Experts point out several key reasons. Firstly, the set offers perfect value and experience. It covers a full meal with a main dish, a drink, and a souvenir dessert, which is very suitable for sharing on social media. Secondly, Guangde’s location is a natural advantage. It sits at the heart of the Yangtze River Delta, within a 2-hour high-speed rail trip from major cities like Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing. This makes a weekend food trip very convenient. Most importantly, the warm welcome from the city played a big role. The local government acted quickly by providing free tourist buses and parking spaces, and volunteers helped guide visitors. The kindness of local people made tourists feel at home. Guangde’s leaders see the food fame as a starting point. “We want visitors to come for the food, but stay for the scenery and culture,” said a local official. The city is now using this chance to introduce its beautiful natural sights, like the vast Taiping Lake and green bamboo forests. The goal is clear: to turn this short-term internet buzz into long-term growth for local tourism and the economy. 1．What does the underlined word “sensation” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．A quiet place. B．A famous traditional festival. C．Something that causes great excitement and interest. D．A difficult problem for the government. 2．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．To describe how delicious the “Three-piece Set” is. B．To explain the recipe of the “Three-piece Set”. C．To show the great popularity and economic effect the set brought. D．To introduce the history of Guangde’s food culture. 3．Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the success of the “Three-piece Set”? A．Its good value and shareable experience. B．Strong support and service from the city. C．Extensive advertisement on national TV. D．Convenient transportation from big cities. 4．What is Guangde’s future plan according to the last paragraph? A．To open more restaurants selling the same set. B．To lower the price to attract even more tourists. C．To use the food fame to promote its wider tourism development. D．To ask the government to build more high-speed railways. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了安徽广德县的“广德三件套”美食套餐意外走红全国，成为网络热点，并带动当地旅游与经济爆发式增长，以及当地政府借此契机推动旅游长期发展的故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据“a quiet county in Anhui Province called Guangde became a national sensation. The reason was not a new scenic spot, but a local meal known as the ‘Guangde Three-piece Set’.”可知，原本宁静的县城因美食套餐成为全国热点，sensation在此指能引起极大兴奋和关注的事物。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Tens of thousands of tourists, especially young people...shops selling the cake often sold out by noon.”可知，本段重点展现了“三件套”套餐带来的超高人气和经济效应。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Firstly, the set offers perfect value and experience...Secondly, Guangde’s location is a natural advantage...Most importantly, the warm welcome from the city played a big role. The local government acted quickly by providing free tourist buses and parking spaces, and volunteers helped guide visitors.”可知，文中提到了套餐高性价比、交通便利、当地支持等成功原因，但未提及“在全国电视上进行大规模广告宣传”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Guangde’s leaders see the food fame as a starting point...growth for local tourism and the economy.”可知，广德的未来计划是借助美食名气推动更广泛的旅游发展。故选C。 Passage 7 （2026·安徽亳州·一模）How was the fridge invented? Long long ago, people used different ways to store food. They kept food in cold water, underground rooms, or iceboxes. Iceboxes were wooden boxes with blocks of ice inside. However, ice melted quickly, and food still got bad easily. People needed a better way to keep food cold. In the early 1800s, scientists discovered that some chemicals could absorb heat and make the air cooler. This idea led to the first fridge machines. In 1834, an American inventor named Jacob Perkins built a machine that used gas to cool things. It was the first step toward the modern fridge. Later, in 1876, a German engineer named Carl von Linde created a better fridge system (系统) using a special gas. His invention made it easier to produce cold air. However, these early fridges were too big and expensive. In the 1920s, companies started making smaller and safer fridges for homes. They used a chemical called Freon, which wasn’t bad for people. By the 1930s, many families could afford (买得起) refrigerators, and they became popular. Over time, fridges improved. They became more energy-efficient (高效节能的). Today, fridges come in many sizes and styles, helping people store food safely. Thanks to the hard work of scientists and inventors, we now have a convenient way to keep our food fresh. 1．What was the main problem with iceboxes in the past? A．They were too small. B．Ice disappeared quickly. C．They weren’t easy to carry. D．They gave out a bad chemical. 2．What does the underlined word “absorb” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Take in. B．Give out. C．Move around. D．Change color. 3．Why weren’t early refrigerators popular with most families at first? A．People liked iceboxes better. B．They didn’t work well. C．They used too much electricity. D．They were too big and expensive. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The History of Storing Food B．How Iceboxes Changed the World C．The Invention of the Refrigerator D．Scientists and Their Discoveries 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲了冰箱从早期冰盒的缺陷，到科学家和发明家逐步改进制冷技术，最终发展为现代多样、便捷的家用冰箱的发明与演变历程。 1．细节理解题。根据“However, ice melted quickly, and food still got bad easily.”可知，过去的冰盒存在的主要问题是里面的冰融化得很快。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“In the early 1800s, scientists discovered that some chemicals could absorb heat and make the air cooler.”可知，一些化学物质可以吸收热量，从而让空气变凉。“absorb”在这里的意思是“吸收”，与“take in”意思一致。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“However, these early fridges were too big and expensive.”可知，早期的冰箱一开始不受大多数家庭欢迎的原因是它们又大又贵。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据全文内容，文章按照时间顺序介绍了冰箱从早期的冰盒，到第一台制冷机器，再到家用冰箱的发展历程，核心主题是冰箱的发明与演变。故选C。 Passage 8 （2026·安徽亳州·一模）Music can make us feel many different things. Some songs make us feel happy, while others make us feel sad or calm. Music can also remind us of special times in our lives. For example, we might remember songs that played on our birthdays. The songs become special because they’re connected to our feelings and memories. But music doesn’t just help us remember. Scientists think it might also change how we remember things. In a study, researchers asked people to read some short stories. These stories were not happy or sad—they were just normal. The next day, the people listened to happy music, sad music, or no music while thinking about the stories again. While this happened, a machine called an MRI was used to see how their brains worked. On the third day, the people were asked to remember the same stories again, but without any music. The scientists wanted to know if the music had changed what people remembered. And it did. When people listened to happy music, they remembered the stories in a happier way. When they listened to sad music, they remembered the stories as sadder ones. Even without music, their memories stayed changed. Music made certain parts of the brain more active. These parts help us feel emotions (情绪) and remember things. This means music doesn’t just help us remember—it changes the memory itself. 1．Why does the writer talk about songs from birthdays? A．To say that people like music at parties. B．To show how music helps us feel sleepy. C．To explain how music connects with memories. D．To teach people how to play songs on birthdays. 2．What’s shown about music and memories according to the text? A．Music only helps people forget bad things. B．Music always brings back old memories. C．Music makes stories harder to understand. D．Music can change how we feel about the past events. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to? A．The music. B．The brain. C．The MRI. D．The story. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this text? A．To show why some music is fun. B．To tell how music helps with memories. C．To teach how to use brain machines. D．To express people should read more stories. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了音乐与记忆之间的关系。文章通过举例和研究说明音乐不仅能唤起我们的记忆，还能改变我们记忆的方式和感受。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Music can also remind us of special times in our lives. For example, we might remember songs that played on our birthdays. The songs become special because they’re connected to our feelings and memories.”可知，作者提到生日歌曲是为了解释音乐如何与记忆相联系。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“When people listened to happy music, they remembered the stories in a happier way. When they listened to sad music, they remembered the stories as sadder ones. Even without music, their memories stayed changed.”可知，音乐可以改变我们对过去事件的感受。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“The scientists wanted to know if the music had changed what people remembered. And it did.”可知，科学家们想知道音乐是否改变了人们的记忆，而结果确实如此。因此，“it”指的是音乐。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This means music doesn’t just help us remember—it changes the memory itself.”以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了说明音乐如何帮助我们记忆，并改变记忆本身。故选B。 Passage 9 （25-26九年级上·安徽淮南·期末）①The fridge is an important invention that helps us keep food fresh. But how was it invented? ②Long ago, people used different ways to store food. They kept food in cold water, underground rooms, or ice boxes. Ice boxes were wooden boxes with ice inside. However, ice melted (融化) quickly, and food still got bad easily. ③In the early 1800s, scientists discovered that some gas (气体) could take in heat and make the air cooler. This idea led to the first cooling machines. In 1834, an American inventor named Jacob Perkins built a machine that used gas to cool things. It was the first step towards the modern fridges. Later, in 1873, a German engineer named Carl von Linde created a better cooling system (系统) using a special gas. His invention made it easier to produce cold air. However, these early fridges were too big and expensive for most families. ④In the 1930s, companies started making smaller and safer fridges for homes. They used a chemical called Freon, which wasn’t bad for people. Then, many families could buy fridges, and they became popular. ⑤Over time, fridges improved. They became more environmentally friendly. Today, fridges come in many sizes and styles, helping people store food safely. ⑥Thanks to the hard work of scientists and inventors, we now have a convenient way to keep our food fresh. 1．What was the main problem with ice boxes in the past? A．They were too small. B．The ice inside turned into water soon. C．They were made of paper. D．People didn’t like their sizes and styles. 2．When did fridges go into many families? A．In the early 1800s. B．In 1834. C．In 1873. D．After the 1930s. 3．Which is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文介绍了冰箱的发明和发展历程。 1．细节理解题。根据“However, ice melted quickly, and food still got bad easily.”可知，冰盒里的冰融化得很快。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“In the 1930s, companies started making smaller and safer fridges for homes... Then, many families could buy fridges, and they became popular.”可知，20世纪30年代厂家开始生产家用冰箱后，许多家庭才得以购买，冰箱也因此普及。故选D。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第①段总起，引出 “冰箱是重要发明” 并提出其发明历程的问题；第②—⑤段分述，按照时间顺序介绍早期储食方式、冷却机器的诞生、早期冰箱的不足、家用冰箱的普及及后续改进；第⑥段总结，点明科学家和发明家的努力让人们拥有了储存食物的便捷方式。文章结构为总—分—总。故选A。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $